The system is one of the most important and expensive engineering communications of a private residential building. The effectiveness of the functioning, complexity of installation, the number and cost of the elements of this system depends on the project's workshop. The graphic part of the project documentation, in accordance with which the sewage is mounted in a private house with their own hands - the layout of the location of sanitary devices, connections and revisions. This article provides information on the regulatory requirements and the basic problems of compiling layout patterns, criteria for selecting sewage equipment and the features of its installation.
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Rules for compiling channeling scheme with their own hands in a private house
When drafting the sewage scheme, it is necessary to take into account the regulatory requirements such as sanitary and construction:
- TKP 45-4.01-51-2007 "Water supply and sewage system of manor houses";
- Sanpin 42-128-4690-88 "Sanitary rules for the content of territories of settlements";
- SanPine 4630. "Sanitary rules and norms of protection of surface water from pollution";
- Snip 30-02-97 "Planning and building the territories of the horticultural associations of citizens, buildings and structures."
When determining the volume and bandwidth of sewer pipelines, it is necessary to focus on the average water flow rate per person. Sustainers and cesspools can not be placed closer than 4 m to the border of a neighboring section and 15 m to drinking water.
The diagram should describe the mechanism of connecting internal and external sewage, type and structure of the septicity, which products and equipment will be applied, its technical parameters. Based on the list of materials used, the cost is carried out. The graphic part must be binding to the plan of the house and the household site, where the places of laying of pipelines and the installation of sanitary products will be indicated.
The main factors affecting the layout and design
In addition to calculating the average daily consumption of water to the design of the sewage scheme, the following factors have influence:
- The magnitude of the volley dump - Peak load on the sewage system (as a rule, falls on the morning and evening hours), which depends on the number of sanitary facilities installed in the house;
- Productivity of sewage treatment facilities. Depending on this indicator, one of the three options for removing the purified wastewater is selected:
- up to 5 m 3 / day - reset to the soil. Provided that the soil filtering coefficient has comparable indicators, and the discharge point is above the level of groundwater per 1 m;
- up to 0.3 m 3 / day - periodic removal of special machinery is allowed;
- The discharge of effluent in the reservoir is regulated not only by their number, but also the degree of purification in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 4630.
- M. atteryic manufacturing treatment facilities:, fiberglass, metal, various polymers (, polyethylene). The design of the material depends on the design of the material, the installation method, further maintenance and operation;
- Power supply. Modern highly efficient treatment facilities are equipped with various types, compressors and aerators. They are based on electronic control units to which temperature detectors and fluid level are connected;
- Topology of construction site - relief of the terrain, direction of slope, the proximity of the reservoirs and the presence of potential places for the discharge of purified sewage water;
- Geodesy construction site - The type and structure of the soil is determined, the depth of its freezing, as well as the depth of groundwater. The complexity and cost of installation work depends on the listed factors, the need for additional or acquiring a sealed septic septicity of a closed cleaning cycle.
Varieties of sewer facilities and features of their functioning
In accordance with the TCP 45-4.01-51-2007 for the arrangement and laying of sewage in a private house, the use of the following types of sewage designs is allowed:
- septic;
- filter well;
- underground filtering field;
- filter trench;
Important! In most cases, the listed structures should be used in conjunction with a septic, which performs primary coarse cleaning.
Septic
The most common, with the arrangement of sewage to the private house with their own hands, are two types of septicles:
Cumulatives - are hermetic plastic containers. They are available at cost, does not require connecting to the power supply network, and can be installed in the immediate vicinity of sources / wells of drinking water. A significant disadvantage is the need for constant shinking of stocks, therefore, permanent payment of association services.
With soil cooking. The primary cleaning of sewage water is carried out in hermetic containers, where large facal fractions are settled to the bottom and exposed to anaerobic bacteria. "Lighted" drains, the degree of purification of which does not exceed 40%, pumped forcibly or fall into filtration facilities, from which, after the final phase, seep the ground.
Filtering well
The strokes falling into the container pass the gravel filter and are seeded through it to the bottom and perforated walls, and from there to the ground.
- trumpet;
- Stove bumping;
- Pipe flow of stock.
For arrangement, solid or perforated reinforced concrete rings with a height of 0.9 m, an inner diameter of at least 1.0 m and a thickness of the walls of 8 cm is used. The filter layer is a gravel of the average fractions, which must be removed periodically, rinse and return to the container, to avoid Excessive soil contamination. As a material manufacturing material, it is often used (with holes in the masonry), plastic large diameter or automotive tires. Such options are much cheaper, but significantly reduce the duration of the operation of the structure.
The field of underground filtration
The site is layered with perforated walls. Through them, the effluents are distributed along a large area of \u200b\u200bdrainage and absorbed into the soil, passing more evenly and small amounts through the gravel filter. This method is associated with a significant amount of earthworks. When determining the depth of the pit, it is necessary to consider:
- The thickness of the gravel filter is 20 ÷ 50 cm;
- The diameter of perforated pipes - 20 ÷ 50 cm;
- The distance from the surface of the soil to the top edge of the filtration pipeline is 50 cm.
In addition, when forming the bottom of the bottom, it is necessary to provide a bias from the septicism along the direction of the flow of 2 cm for each tempor - meter. The distance between the pipes depends on the type of soil. For sand with a filtration coefficient of 5 ÷ 25 m / day 2.5 m. For large fractional sand filter with a filtration coefficient of 25 ÷ 100 m / day and a gravel filter with a filtration coefficient of 75 ÷ 300 m / day - a distance of up to 2 m is allowed.
At the ends of the filtration pipelines, it is mandatory to be installed with a diameter of 100 mm, a height of at least 70 cm above the soil surface.
Filtering trench
The filter trench performs the same functions as the field of underground filtering of the collection of effluents after septic, their additional cleaning and reset to the ground. An essential difference is the vertical location of the pipes. This method is no less effective and can be implemented on a significantly lower area. It is allowed only in terrain with a deep horizon of groundwater, as the trench should also have a significant depth.
The total length of the pipeline and the number of pipes and the depth of the trench is calculated by the same technique that is used for underground filtering fields. The width of the trench is adopted according to the standard 0.5 m, the distance between the upper and lower pipe is 0.8 ÷ 1m, the maximum length of the pipeline is 30 m. If it is necessary to arrange from 2 and more trenches, the distance between them should be at least 3 m.
Components of the WSAV scheme
The most efficient for the private house are sewer, relating to low biological cleaning installations. They are airtight containers divided into several functional compartments. As a rule, they have vertical orientation, they can be installed with their own hands and do not occupy a lot of square. The principle of operation of such installations lies in the interaction of fecal masses and organic pollutants with anaerobic bacteria in a medium satiable with aeration settings.
Important! Installations of biological cleaning require specific maintenance. First of all, it is necessary to maintain an optimal population of anaerobic bacteria, periodically adding a special concentrate to the corresponding compartment. It is impossible to use unnecessary aggressive chemicals that can destroy bacteria. It is necessary to connect the installation to the power supply.
The cleaning process is carried out in stages:
- In the first section, which occupies the highest volume, the pollutants are separated on the fraction. Heavy and insoluble substances are descended to the bottom. This chamber must be periodically cleaned with the help of the automation center;
- In the second section (aerotenk), wastewater is enriched with atmospheric oxygen by aeration. Here is the active phase of purification by the method of biological decomposition using bacteria;
- In the third section - sump, an active alien is sedentary;
- From the fourth section, where water comes with the inkjet pump from the secondary sump, completely purified water through the overflow pipe or the drainage pump is output from the sewage device.
Internal sewage device in a private house - scheme and recommendations
The internal sewage includes the following elements;
- Plumbing devices: ,;
- Sewer riser and ventilating pipe attached to it;
- Tap lines;
- Check valve.
Horizontal pipelines are installed with a slope. With the layout of the sewage in a private house, the regulatory indicators of the slope are often neglecting, making it "on the eyes", significantly exceeds the recommended ratio. As a result, the solids of sewers do not have time to lean out of the pipes together with water, accumulate inside, creating traffic jams.
Table of dependency of the slope from the diameter of the sewer pipes for the private house
| Diameter, mm. | Optimal bias | The minimum allowable slope |
| 50 | 0,035 | 0,025 |
| 100 | 0,02 | 0,012 |
| 150 | 0,01 | 0,007 |
| 200 | 0,008 | 0,003 |
Accession to the riser of the tap pipelines is performed using slash tees and crosses. Installation of sewer pipes, utility and technical premises is allowed to implement the open method. The mount is performed by special couplings with dowels, or pipes are located on supports. In residential premises, as a rule, perform hidden installation. Sewer pipelines are located in technical niches and mines, boxes, under the floor. To carry out service - periodic cleaning, the main riser and the tap sewage lines are equipped with revisions in accordance with the standards:
- Sewage riser on the lower and top floor of a private house;
- Tap lines to which three or more plumbing devices are connected;
- On the turns of the pipeline (it is there most often the solid insoluble remnants of drainage accumulates);
- On the leaps of horizontal sites every 8 m.
Video sewage arrangement in a private house with your own hands, proper laying of pipes with a slope:
What pipes to choose
The optimal material of pipes for the sewage system are polymers. Products from them have a small weight and can be installed personally without attracting assistants. The industry produces a large amount, adapters, tees, crossbars and connecting couplings throughout the nomenclature of the diameters used. Installation is carried out without the use of specialized equipment and does not require long-term training and special skills. Approximate material is not subject to corrosion and aggressive effects of household chemicals, is distinguished by a long service life. The following polymers are most often used to sewer a private house:
- PVP (high density polyethylene) - Available at cost, but sensitive to temperature changes. The maximum operating temperature should not exceed + 40 ° C;
- PP () - has good performance, the maximum operating temperature is + 100 ° C, withstands aggressive chemicals and significant mechanical impacts, has a rather high cost;
- PVC (polyvinyl chloride) - Material with an optimal combination of cost and quality. It can be used both for external and internal sewage. Resistant to ultraviolet radiation, mechanical effects of medium intensity, temperature up + 70 ° C. However, in the process of long-term operation on the walls, a flight may appear, which leads to clogging.
Connection of pipes
The most common way to install a plastic pipeline is a fusey connection. It is performed if the pipe or fitting has an appropriate structural element - a fool. The compound process is as follows:
- Flavor and smooth end are cleaned of contamination;
- A rubber seal is inserted into a special recess inside the crush, providing tightness of the joints;
- The smooth end of another pipe is lubricated with silicone lubricant or ordinary liquid soap, after which it can be easily inserted into the socket until it stops;
Important! It is necessary to provide the possibility of temperature expansion. To do this, the marker is made on the smooth part of the pipe, after which it is drawn by 1 cm from the termination.
Stages of work on the sewage device in a private house with your own hands
The sequence of arrangement of the sewer system of the private house can be divided into several stages:
- Determining the amount of wastewater, volume and productivity of the septic;
- Determination of the location of the septica on the household plot in accordance with sanitary standards;
- Device internal sewage network;
- Installation of external treatment facilities;
- Laying the pipeline and compounds of external sewage treatment plants and internal sewage.
Calculation of the volume of septic
Table of water consumption standards for a private residential building.
| Variety of housing and type of life | Consumption, l / day per person | |
| Residential building equipped with a water supply and sewer system without a bath | 125 ÷ 160. | |
| The residential building equipped with a water supply and sewer system with a bathroom and a local looks as follows: V \u003d N × Q × 3/1000 where V. - the volume of septicism in m 3; n. - the number of permanent tenants; Q. - average water consumption per person in m 3; 3 - The number of days of the complete cleaning cycle (according to SNiP). For example, with an average consumption of 0.2 m 3 / person / day, taking into account the three-day redundancy, for a family of 4 people will need a septic tank with a volume of 2.4 m 3. To facilitate the calculations specifically for our readers, we have developed a convenient calculator. Calculator calculating the required amount of septica based on the number of residents |
||
| With year-round operation of a private residential building | With seasonal exploitation of the country house | |
| Gravel, crushed stone | 0.15 ÷ 0.20 | 0.18 ÷ 0.24. |
| Luggage sand | 0.10 ÷ 0.15. | 0.12 ÷ 0.18. |
| 0.05 ÷ 0.10. | 0.06 ÷ 0.12. |
The volume table of household wastewater on a 1-line meter of the pipeline of the underground filtering field:
| Filter composition | Maximum volume of peeled sewage drain, m 3 / day per 1 m traction drainage pipeline | ||
| Up to 500. | 500 ÷ 600. | More than 600. | |
| Gravel, crushed stone, large sand | 0,012 ÷ 0.025 | 0.0096 ÷ 0.0225 | 0.0084 ÷ 0.02. |
| Fine sand, soup | 0.006 ÷ 0.020 | 0.0048 ÷ 0.18. | 0.0042 ÷ 0,016. |
The volume table of household wastewater on a 1-line meter of the filtration trench pipeline.
Internal wiring of sewage in the private house do it yourself
The effectiveness of the sewer system of the private house, as well as the simplicity of its arrangement with their own hands, depends on the planning of the entire structure. It is considered optimal if the kitchen, and the bathroom is located as close as possible to each other, it minimizes the length of the sewer pipeline and allows you to connect all plumbing devices to one riser. When installing with their own hands internal sewage sewage, the following factors must be taken into account:
- It is necessary to connect directly to the main riser of the sewer system at the lowest possible distance from the pipe, this will reduce the probability of blockage plumbing devices;
- Other plumbing devices are recommended to connect to the sewer network above the level of unitasis connection, this will eliminate the possibility of entering fecal masses into tap lines;
- Rotate the pipeline must be performed using several angular knees. For example, two 45 ° or three to 30 °, this will provide a smoother turn and will avoid clogging;
- The sewer riser is mandatoryly excreted on the roof, where the fade extract is mounted on it, providing inside the sewer; Methods for connecting toilet to sewer riser
Installation and equipment tank for sewage
For installation of the septic, regardless of its model, it is pulled by a bit with dimensions slightly exceeding the size of the container. At the bottom of the pit, a sand pillow is arranged about 10 cm thick. It is rambling and aligned as much as possible. To install septic on the pit, it is recommended to use lifting construction techniques, as some models have quite considerable weight. In most cases, fasteners are provided on the housing. After installation, the capacitance is necessarily levels in terms of level. Depending on the design, it may be necessary to install throat extension cords.
Article
Any private house without connecting to central water supply and drainage does not make it possible to use such benefits of civilization, like a bath, shower, sink in the kitchen, washing machine and much more.
Sewage in a private house can be equipped with different ways. This will be discussed in this article.
Owners of private houses without sewage are forced to lay it on their own. If the system was initially laid in the project, then there will be no problems.
In the finished house, turn on the diagram is much more difficult.
The easiest option is if the sink and shower are in the house, and the toilet in the adjacent territory. In this case, it will only be necessary to remove the pipe to the drain pit.
When the toilet is located inside, the technology should be observed. Even a minor impairment can lead to pollution of the site and water. Septic tanks in this option are necessary.
Shopping rooms do near (bathroom, toilet, kitchen). Significantly facilitates the organization of sewage.
How to choose a seasalization scheme
To create a scheme, you will need to answer a few questions.
- Permanent or temporary accommodation?
- At what level are groundwater?
- Number of people living in the house?
- Number of water consumed?
- Climate?
- Land area?
- Features of the soil?
- Snip (building standards and rules)?
Sewerages are divided into two types:
- cumulative;
- cleaning.
The cesspool is rarely used in construction. Used for temporary homes, where there is no large water consumption.
Groundwater should run no higher than meter from the bottom of the pit. Otherwise, pollution is provided.
The accumulative system is applied in private homes at a high level of groundwater. Thanks to the tightness of the design there is no risk of pollution of the site and water.
Disadvantages of this system. Challenge the assessing agents and have to highlight the place to entroach the technique to the site.
Types of sewerage in a private house. Features of Septikov
Single-chamber septics The functional is similar to a cesspool.
This option is well suited where the soil waters run no high.
If the house is constantly living, and a lot of water is used, it is not recommended to install a single-chamber septic tank.
In order to function a two-chamber septicity, it follows the natural filter (crushed stone and sand) once every 5 years.
In homes with permanent accommodation, septic tanks with biological filters are considered to be the best septication system. They use microorganisms that contribute to recycling of life waste. Usually these organisms are simply poured into the toilet.
The type of sewage requires an electrical network connection.
Biological and soil cleaning carry out septic tanks with filtering field. Such a sewage system can be mounted only if the groundwater is deeper than three meters.
Installation will require a lot of space. The nearest water source distance is at least 30 meters.
Systems with forced air supply (aerotanks) have significant advantages and fully justify costs.
After installation, it is necessary to connect to the power grid and permanent observation of the person.
How to make the sewer with your own hands
Construction should occur by the approved project. The project necessarily the presence of an internal and external sewage layout.
Internal sewage consists of risers, highways and plumbing zones (bath, sink, toilet, shower).
This system ends at the foundation level in the form of an outlet.
The arrangement of the outer sewage is your own hands, implies a section of a plot with an external pipeline, cumulative or cleaning equipment.
After approval of the project, go to the acquisition of the necessary equipment and choose the sewer collector.
During construction, rely on SNiP - it will help to avoid mistakes and spend the sewer in a private house.
Choosing a place
An important issue in the construction of the sewage is considered to choose a septic site. Its location depends on:
The soil with a large amount of sand loose, easily misses moisture, is the likelihood of groundwater pollution.
When installing septic, it is necessary to withstand the norms.
- Distance from home from 5 meters
- Distance from water source from 30 meters
- Distance from green plantings from 3 meters.
It is necessary to leave an entrance for the association equipment.
Internal sewage
On the internal sewage scheme, you must select all points of the system.
With the inevitability of turns of 90 degrees, build it from two angles of 45 degrees.
Preparation for installation
Installation of external sewage
Sustainer should be cleaned every 2-3 years.
How to pave pipes
From the sewer nozzle, which comes out of the foundation to the Septic, the highway is laid. The installation of the pipeline is made under the obligatory slope, which will ensure fluid samonek. The standard of an angle of 2 degrees.
The wider the pipe in diameter, the smaller angle of inclination.
The depth of the sewage installation in a private house is determined by the index of soil freezing. On average, it is 1 meter. In colder regions, the depth should be increased to 1.5 m. The bottom of the trench before installing the sand and well it is tamped. This will help protect the highway from destruction when the soil is shifting.
The perfect option is a direct pipeline from home to the collector. For outdoor sewage, pipes made of iron or plastic with a diameter of 110mm are suitable.
The joints of the joints must be made hermetic. The trench with the pipeline is covered with sand, and then soil.
Sewerage without pumping
Usually this system consists of three sections. Two of which are completely sealed (the first and second sections). In the first section there are severe waste of vital activity. In the second, light particles are settled. In the third water is completely cleaned and enters the drainage well.
Such a system needs pumping, but much less often than a regular septic tank. Cleaning with a special pump for sewage.
When Il reaches the overflow point, cleaning is required.
To optimally choose the amount of septicism without pumping, formula is applied:
200l Multiply to the number of people, to the resulting result, add 20%.
It is difficult for us to live without amenities, even being in a private house. We strive to provide maximum amenities by creating an optimal standard of living for your family. To do this, it is very important to think in advance the issue of facilities.
When building a sewage to do it yourself in a private country cottage, you can save, but you need to carry out these works in accordance with construction and installation requirements.
Caliation in the house involves the arrangement of outdoor and internal sewage.
The inner is pipe wiring, installation of the fan tube and riser.
The exterior refers to the totality of pipes coming from home to the septica or deep cleaning station.
Scheme of internal sewage
You need to choose the scheme based on the planning of each house. Ideally, when all the plumbing equipment is tied to one collector, through which the flow of water will pass.
In a large house, with several bathrooms, it is more correct to prefer such a scheme in which there will be at least two cesspools or septic. And in a two-story building you need to install risers.
How to make a seasalization scheme for a private house:
- make a plan at home;
- determine the location of the risers;
- mark the location of the plumbing devices and decide on how to connect them;
- pictures pipes coming from the shaped parts and riser to plumbing, and all the elements of the connection;
- do it for each floor;
- decide with the dimensions of the fan tube and the riser;
- summarize the length of all internal pipes;
- at the final stage, make a scheme of external sewage.
How to choose pipes for sewage
Different ones are used for external and internal sewage.
Polyvinyl chloride and gray are used to laypipe pipes inside. For sun beds and risers, pipes with a diameter of 110 mm are used, and for removal of wastewall - 40 and 50 mm. Turns are made by two plastic knees, curved at right angles.
Often, pipes for external sewage are orange, diameter 110 mm and the necessary rigidity. Two-layer corrugated pipes can be applied.
Properties of pipes
Cast iron:
- durable and durable, intended for large loads.
- dear, heavy and fragile, corrosion of the inside can promote clouds.
Polypropylene:
- light and flexible, well withstand a large water temperature.
- there are no shortcomings.
Polyvinyl chloride:
- cheap and lungs are used for external sewage.
- Fragile, larger water temperature is carried bad.
Laying pipe
The most serious process when building sewage in the house is a wiring and laying of pipes. At the end of the work, check the tightness of the system, and only then, proceed to its operation.
Connection of pipes
Today there are many types of revisions, tees, knees and plastic pipes that are easily connected. Connection locations can be processed. And in places where the pipe passes through the foundation, it is recommended to install a sleeve.
It is also important to remember the slope of pipes, which depends on its diameter, and is 2 - 3 cm per 1 m.
Seasonment release
In order not to encounter the discrepancy between the inner and external sewage, start the installation of the sewage from the release,
It is mounted through the foundation of deeper than the level of extinction. When setting the release above, it will be necessary to produce thermal insulation of the pipe.
If when you did not think about it, you will need to break the hole in it sufficient to install the tap tube with the sleeve. The sleeve is a small piece of pipe, a diameter of 130-160 mm. It should perform 15 cm from two sides of the foundation.
The release diameter must be at least the diameter of the riser. And the sleeve is needed to create a slope of the pipe.
Pipe breeding and rising installation
Ideally arrange a riser in the toilet. It is mounted openly or hidden.
To connect the sewage pipes with a riser, they use oblique tees, and on the places of pipes of pipes, excellent in diameter - adapters. In places of crossing pipes, it is necessary to install a collector having a diameter of 100-110 mm. Also install the hydraulic machines that protect you from unpleasant odors.
Installation of a special tee (revision) on each riser is required. With it, it will be possible to produce, cleaning the blockage. You can install cleaning after each bend.
The riser is better to have a private house in the toilet. The output of the fan pipe
Functions of the fan tube:
- supports atmospheric pressure inside the system;
- increases the durability of the sewer system;
- vans the entire sewage system.
The fan pipe is called the continuation of the riser. This is a pipe derived to the roof. Before connecting the fan tube and riser, it is important to establish an audit. After that, the pipe is excreted at a convenient angle into the attic.
You can not combine the fan tube with chimney or ventilation at home. The output of the fan pipe must be positioned at a distance of 4 meters from the windows and balconies. The height of the roof of the roof should be 70 cm. It is also important to arrange the ventilation, at home and chimney at different levels.
Outdoor sewage house
You can equip the sewer in the house in different ways, but it is very important to choose the correct system that meets your needs.
Select the scheme of external sewage is necessary with the following:
- temporarily or constantly you live in the house;
- number of people living;
- daily water consumption per person;
- level of soil water;
- section size;
- type and structure of the soil;
- climate.
For more details, you should read the relevant chapters of SNOP and SanPiN.
All external sewage systems are divided into two types:
- accumulative (cesspool, hermetic capacity);
- designs for wastewater treatment (single-chamber septic tank, septic with two overflowing wells, aerotane, septic tank with biofilter, septic tank with multiple cameras and filtering field).
Cesspool
This is a very old sewage mode, which is now used exclusively as a country.
In the cesspool, walls are made of rings of concrete or bricks, and the earth remains as the bottom. In the pit, relatively clean water is seeping into the ground, and organic waste is settled at the bottom.
When completely filled with waste, it needs to be cleaned.
You can make a similar cesspool, if the house does not live constantly and do not consume a lot of water. Soil waters should take at least 1 m below the bottom of the pit, otherwise it will lead to contamination of soil waters.
Adding into the pit of microorganisms, slightly reduce the unpleasant odor, and accelerate the water purification process.
Sealed accumulative tank
This option assumes the installation of a sealed container in which water will be drained. You can purchase a ready-made metal or plastic container, or you can make it yourself from concrete rings. The lid is made of metal, and the bottom of concrete. An important intake of the accumulative tank is its complete tightness and a warmed lid.
When filling the tank, it must be cleaned with the help of a special assessing machine. The volume of the tank and the frequency of its cleaning depends on water consumption.
This system can be used with high groundwater running, so you will protect the sources of water and the soil. But her minus is that you will need to call the assesenizer machine quite often.
Single-chamber septic
This is a well, the bottom of which is sprinkled with a layer of rubble and coarse sand. Water, leaking through them, cleaned by 50%. Along with mechanical cleaning, the processes of cleaning of biological.
Do not build such a sewer in a private house if people live in it constantly. This option can only be used with low groundwater levels. It should be noted that periodically needed to change crushed stone and sand.
With your own hands, septic tank can be made of polypropylene, reinforced concrete rings, brick or bay of its walls and gender. At the same time, it is necessary to determine whether the waterproof will pass in the well in the well field or on the filtering field. You also need to equip the system and carry it out hydraulic and thermal insulation.
Two-chamber septic
The most popular way of device in a country house, economical and can be built independently.
It consists of two wells. The first has a hermetic bottom, and the second - it does not have it, but festered with rubble and sand, which for about once every five years it will be necessary to replace.
The first well plays the role of a sump, and the second - filtering well. Periodically, the first well is filled with waste and for its cleaning you need to call an assessing machine about 2 times a year.
Installing such a sewer in the house, if there is even a flood underground water level below 1 m from the bottom of the second well. 
Soil and biological purification - septic tank with filtering field
This type of septica is made in the form of a container, broken into the section connected by pipes.
The first capacity is needed for upholding. Lighted water goes to the second section, where organic residues are decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. After water goes to the filtration fields.
This is an extensive area under the ground, where the soil cleaning of wastewater is passing. If you have a sandy soil on your site, then this is the perfect option. After that, water via pipelines is sent to the well or drainage drank.
Sometimes in the filtering field you need to replace sand and crushed stone.
Natural Cleaning Station - Septic Biofilter
With its help you can conduct a sewage system at any level of groundwater.
Such a station is a container divided by 3-4 sections.
In the first water defended, in the second organic residues decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms. In the third water, it is separated, and in the fourth organic is decomposed by aerobic bacteria, which live only under the condition of permanent air inflows. For this, the tube towering over the ground is installed above the camera. In the pipe leading from the third camera to the fourth, there is a filter with aerobic bacteria. Cleaned water can be used technical purposes. From the fourth chamber there is a pipe heading into a drainage ditch, or a cumulative container.
For a country house with permanent accommodation, a septic tank with a biofilter is the best solution. The disadvantage is that with non-permanent accommodation, bacteria will simply die.
Artificial Cleaning Station - Septic with Forced Air Force
This is the installation of quick cleaning, natural processes are caused in artificial means. The device of the sewage is impossible without summing up
All less often in private sectors you can hear the phrase "facilities on the street". This is not surprising - after all, every person is committed to comfort. However, he can not talk about him if a frosty night, waking up, have to dress and run through the snow in the cabin standing 15 meters from the dwelling. So the homemade masters of restrooms are equipped directly in the house. But in order for them to function normally, it is necessary to correctly mount the uncleanness of the septic tank, located on the street. Today we will look at how the sewage is mounted in a private house with your own hands. The scheme of its device will also be considered by us, and simultaneously learn and the cost of such works when performing their specialists.
Read in the article:
How to make a diagram of the sewage device in a private house with your own hands
Starting the drafting of the sewage scheme for a private house you need to decide on the number of drain points. It should be understood that in the presence of two floors in the residential structure, each circuit is mounted, as planned, individually, followed by the conclusion to the general riser exiting the septic tank.
The presence of only one riser is unacceptable only in case of installation of the pool or saunas - it will be necessary to mount a separate drain for them.
Important! From the completeness and correctness of the drained sequence scheme for a private house with their own hands will depend on its performance and simplicity of installation. In the plan, it is necessary to specify the length of all pipes - this will help correctly calculate the amount of material.
The problems that can be encountered when designing
The main complexity in the preparation of the project can be inserting a sewer pipe to the house. For this you have to break through the foundation or install special pumps. Their installation will be needed and the bathroom device in the basement or basement room. It does not prevent a special installation capable of chopping the organic. Pump for sewage along with knives assembly is called Multilift.
Opinion expert
Designer engineer VK (water supply and sewage) LLC "ASP North-West"
Ask a specialist"If the house is at the construction stage, then regardless of whether the toilet is planned inside or not, it is worth building a sewage pipe to the foundation. To begin with, you can simply drown. If you need to install sewage, it is very useful. "
When designing, the number of residents of living is required. This indicator will directly affect both the septic size and the diameter of the sewer pipes that will be used when installing the system. Do not forget about the depth of the primer of the soil - the system should be in the ground below this mark.
What types of sewage exist
The main species can be called:
- Betales. This format is not too common in private homes. It is more suitable for giving, where there is no need for constantly functioning sewage.
- Village Yama - The easiest in the installation and does not require much options. Its inconvenience is that it requires periodic pumping with the use of special equipment, and this is not cheap.
- Septic - The most common version of the sewage system. Vital products are processed using living bacteria and microorganisms or by adding chemicals that decompose organic waste into the container.
The septic device cannot be called cheap, but it allows you to do without pumping for a long time. The main task is to add the necessary substances on time. As for the sewage system itself for a private house, it will be the same as for a cesspool, and for the septic.
Sewerage in a private house with your own hands: the scheme and its main components
By drawing up a sewage laying project in a private house, it should be noted on the location of plumbing devices such as sink or. All pipes are also taken into account (in terms of their length and diameter), compounds, angles and branches are prescribed. Data is made about the location of the rising and its output to the septic.
If you write all the parameters in detail, it is possible to mount the entire system much faster and high quality. Plan, after installing the sewage, must be saved. It can help with breaks or other freelance situations.
By making a sequence diagram for a private one-storey house (as well as buildings in several floors), it is important to consider the installation sites for cleaning, special branches with plugs that will help get rid of blockages. Do not forget about the calculation of the secular line. With a weak slide, the plums will be ineffective, and when the walls are unnecessary on the walls, fat and contamination will occur, which will eventually lead to an emergency. Let's try to figure out how to make a scheme of the sewer system correctly.
Drawing up a sewer system
The first thing you need to do is to spread the plan for all the premises of the framework. It is more convenient if such schemes are available - quite often, it is precisely such in construction. In this case, it can be copied, and already "laying" the channels of the sewage. Pointing the installation points of sanitary devices, start measurements. Here each millimeter role can play.
Important! When installing thinner pipes (for example, from the sink), if they are longer than necessary, the danger of their curvature occurs. In this case, the water will be stated, which will lead to the growth of fat and dirt and blocking.
If possible, all plumbing devices are better to have the immediate proximity to the riser - this is allowed to perform the sewer with the greatest efficiency. Indicate all the inserts in the riser. A prerequisite is to attach the discharge of the toilet directly into the main pipe, without additional compounds. Drain of the bathroom and shells can be combined - this will save the material and get rid of extra pipes and inserts in the main riser.
What diameter should be pipes
The diameter of the pipe is selected based on the number of living and the planned intensity of the use of the system. However, there are generally accepted norms. So the diameter of the main riser is directly to the septic, is usually 100-110 mm. The same diameter and draining toilet bowl. But the sink and bathroom go thinner pipes. Most often, a diameter is used for such purposes, equal to 50 mm. Such thickness will be quite enough.
All connections and inserts must be performed at an angle of 450. If the angle of the sewer pipe is smooth, it is this point that will be periodically clogged.
When the sewer system, it should be understood that the riser should go to the roof, from where air access will be available. Consider what will happen if there is no access to air, and the upper part of the riser is muffled, on the example of a two-storey house. Everyone knows that the toilet is arranged hydraulic reasons that does not smell from the system to get into the room. In the absence of free air access, we wash off the water in the toilet on the first floor. Due to the praise, water from the sanitary device of the second floor is drawn up. The hydraulic circuits are open, all the smell from the sewer system rushes into residential premises.
How can I increase the efficiency of the sewage
You can improve the quality of autonomous sewage operation as using the installation of additional equipment and pure installation parameters. To do this, you just need to correctly distribute the slope of the highways. The most effective is the bias of 3 cm / m. But for greater performance of the sewer system, you can increase this parameter to 4-5 cm / m. This will be quite sufficient for the efficient operation of the system and not enough for the rapid formation of a fatty or mud floor on the inner walls of pipes.
Very effectively struggling with deposits on the walls of modern funds. But you should not wait for the miracle from them when a solid blockage occurs. Advertising may argue that the tool can easily cope with any of them, but this is not quite true. In fact, such products are good for periodic prophylaxis. If the pipe is already thoroughly clogged, then there is nothing better than an old good cable.
Speaking about additional equipment, it is impossible not to be advised to prevent breakup of such equipment as the chopper of household waste under the sink. It does not allow large cleanrs and other Musor to get into the sewer tube. All that is sent to the drain after grinding, the consistency resembles a liquid porridge, which is not able to clog the highway.
How to make a sewer in a private house: stages of work
All work on the arrangement of the sewer system of a private house is made in several stages. There is no need to perform them without interruption, which means you can install in free time for a long time. However, according to professionals, such work is rarely delayed - barely starting the arrangement, the home master is trying to fulfill everything as soon as possible. Consider phased steps that need to be performed. The algorithm of action should be like this:
- we calculate the required amount of septic;
- install and equip the tank;
- we deploy the highway from the septicity to the house;
- we produce inner wiring of sewer pipes and connect them to the system;
- we connect plumbing equipment.
By observing this order and simple rules for the production of work, you can be sure that the system will work without complaints. We will analyze every step in more detail.
How to calculate the required septicity for a private house
The calculation can be expressed by experience: for this you need to summarize the entire flow consumption with family living in the house. However, if the sewage system is mounted at the construction stage of the dwelling, this method is unacceptable. Then you can take the average values \u200b\u200brecommended by SanPiN. However, it is much easier to use a specially designed calculator below:
The arrangement of the sewage system requires the maximum scrupulous relationship to all stages of the process, including depth, bias, reliability of the compounds. Each of these factors has a big impact on the quality of the work of the entire system. Carelessness is unacceptable here, if there is no confidence in your abilities, it is better to turn to professionals.
Depth of laying sewer system
Modern sewer systems significantly improve the standard of living in a private house. If in previous years the toilet on the street was perceived as an unpleasant need, inseparable from a private house, today it is a sign of the owners or their extremely lowest weight. Moreover, in the first case, you can get out of the situation by honeying professionals who will perform absolutely all work.
The depth of the pipeline laying depends on the level of the excavation of the septic.
Tip! The pipe laid between the building and the septic should be straight. The knee, turns will provoke the appearance of blockages.
Before arranging the sewer system, you should find out what the average drainage depth in your region. Pipes need to be laid a little lower than these indicators. Typically, the depth on which there are sewage pipes in a private house in the south is more than 50 cm. In the central part of the country, where the climate of the rustic, the depth of laying the sewage in a private house - at least 70 cm. Data numbers are particularly significant if Sewer pipes are under the venues or under the tracks, which in the winter are exempted from snow.
Features of laying sewer pipes
Laying sewer pipes should be carried out in accordance with the following rules:
- it is necessary to use pipes of the desired diameter;
- it is necessary to observe the standard rule of the slope (about 0.03 m per 1 lineage meter of the pipe);
- it is permissible to use pipes from different materials, but in one pipe pipe must match the material.
It is possible to determine the depth of the pipeline, relying on the following points:
- the nature of the plot (its relief, the features of the soil);
- sewage pipe outlet from home.
The angle of inclination is needed in order for wastewater to go sickle, in this case you do not need to install a pump, inside the pipe will not accumulate the surplus of dirt that can provoke blockages. With the same purpose, the outer part of the system is performed without turns. Here, indoors, the laying scheme of the sewage in a private house allows turns of the pipe, this will not be a serious obstacle in the functionality of the system. If you make turns of the outer part of the sewer system, you will definitely have to tear these pipes ,. Consequently, neglecting these rules can create very serious problems that are not always able to quickly solve.
Tip! If it is impossible to carry out the sewer pipe without turns, you need to make a well in the place of rotation, which can always be penetrated and eliminated in this zone area. This technique allows you to pave the sewer pipeline on any site.
What is important styling depth?
The main reason for the need to be too attentive to the depth of laying pipes - the possibility of freezing. If this happens in the middle of winter, residents of the house will remain without the possibility of using sewage to warm days when the examination melts. Even minimal ice growths inside the pipes will lead to the appearance of blockages and a decrease or complete cessation of passability. This is a legitarious result of the narrowing of the lumen of the pipe. Wells are promoted from the appearing blocks in places of pipes in the outer system.
Such a convenient device allows you to control the operation of the sewage, in time to eliminate the emerging problems. It is not very difficult to do it, but it makes a lot of comfort in the operation process.
Accounting for the depth of the primer of the soil is a fundamental requirement. In order not to spend money on the improvement of deeper trenches, than this requires the need to have a clear idea of \u200b\u200bthe depth of the soil freezing in this area. Below is a table that will help navigate in this matter.
How to equip heat insulation?
In cold regions, it is recommended to supplement the sewage pipeline with thermal insulation. This technique allows you to extend the operational period, eliminate the possibility of freezing at a very low temperature. Most often for this purpose take polyurethane foam. If the pipe wrap polyurethane foam, and on top to make a shell of polyethylene, the frost pipe will not be scary.
If the pipes are paved below the possible waterproof point, then the pipes will never move. In this case, additional protection makes extreme cold weather. When performing thermal insulation, special attention is paid to the joints and places of rotation. It is these zones that are pretty weak tolerate the effects of cold. So the insulation of turning points is mandatory.
In Europe, apply a more technological method. Near the pipeline, the electrocabolic is allowed, it, if necessary, performs the function of the heater for the pipe. For many inhabitants of our country, such a way is too expensive, because the payment of energy is not the lowest line of expenses. Therefore, it is necessary to follow the depth of laying pipes. In the central regions it is better to choose a depth of 1m. And in the northern regions it is desirable to dig deeper trenches and conduct high-quality thermal insulation. For this, you can either fiberglass. If the pipes are placed above the ground, they are also insulated with similar materials. Since they can fill with water ,.
Video - Installation of external sewage and insulation
Interior of the sewer system of the private house
For uninterrupted sewage operation, you need to comply with the requirements for pipe diameter:
- toilet, shower, bath, swimming pool - 10 - 11 cm;
- sink - 5 cm;
- rims - 10 - 11 cm.
Video - Correct installation of sewer pipes
External part of the sewer system of the private house
The main requirement is to ensure proper slope. The only right plum is sulfur. Too low speed will lead to stamps. Too rapid movement of effluents - to accelerate the destruction of pipes.
Sewage laying scheme in a private house includes a characteristic features of the exit pipe from the room. The rules for the output of the pipe from the house depend on the type of foundation. With a ribbon foundation, the output is placed on the side. With slab - the pipe is paved from above, for this, the cutting of the pipe and the knee are 45 °. To arrange the sewage to the foundation, the pipe-sleeve is laid in advance, through which the main pipeline is displayed. Such a basis is needed to protect the pipeline from excessive pressure and potential destruction.
In the photo - the standard depth of laying the sewer pipe.
In order not to make a mistake in the depths of the pipe laying, you need to find out how things are about the neighbors who have already equipped the drain. If they have problems freezing the pipe, you need to burst your pipe stronger. At whatever depth, there was a pipe, in any case a slope is needed. Typically make 2 - 3 cm for each running meter.
- It should be pre-make a detailed pipeline layout circuit inside the house. This will reduce temporary and financial costs, providing all optimal options.
- Pipes are carried out towards the riser or to septic, sharp corners are excluded.
- The riser on each floor should be equipped with a tee designed to serve the sewer system for quick cleaning.