"I want to fight freedom to the world ...". Analysis of ODD "Volost"
Acquaintance with ODO, I am foreseen about freedom.
What freedom dreamed about and wrote Pushkin? Let's try to figure out.
For him, the concept of freedom was of great importance. No wonder in the message to the Lyceum friend Delvig in 1821, he says: "One freedom of my idol", and summing up the results of your creative activity, emphasizes: "And I will love the people for a long time that I am kind in my cruel century.
The freedom-loving spirit was descended in the poet in the lyceum. The teachers inspired the pupils of bold thoughts about freedom, equality and
Brotherhood.
It is not by chance that Pushkin Release was considered "Fiberglass", and the very concept of the "Lyceum Spirit" was a symbol of rebellion and criminal wolnolobius, which led to the uprising of the Decembrists.
Nothing amazing that the graduate of the lyceum Alexander Pushkin was immediately among the raging brave rebar ideas of the St. Petersburg youth, in the circle of future Decembrists.
What impression was this a poem? Why?
Oda is striking nine-graders with their emotion, beard feelings: anger,
indignation, hope. They feel its emotional heat.
What is the eighteen-year-old poet in this work appear?
This is a non-indifferent person suffering from injustice reigning around, and injustice is primarily a non-free, slavery. He cannot accept the rigidity and violence and dreams of returning the legal right to freedom.
What kind of task is Pushkin in the beginning of the poem?
I want to fight freedom to the world
On the thrones to hit the vice.
Who and why does he drive out of his poetry and from which "fancy lira" refuses?
He no longer need "Cyters of a weak Queen", that is, Aphrodite is the Goddess of Love, the temple of which was erected on the Cyters' Island (Kiefer), it was her poet "Waspen-in Liua" - LIRA of love poetry, but now not love occupies the imagination of the poet.
Who needs him now and why? Now he calls "Freedom Grada Singer",
"Thunderstorm Kings," because only she can help "hit the vice" on the thrones "and taking liberty.
Mentally, the poet turns to the image of the "sublime Galla", which gave the "Hymns of bold freedom."
Who is this "sublime Gall"?
There are different points of view on this score, but the version of the French poet Andre Shhenie is most common. This poet was a singer of freedom, but rebelled against bloodshed and terror, for which he was guilty of the Government of Robespierre.
To the image, Pushkin appeared more than once. In the poem "Andre Shhenie" (1825) he writes:
But Lyra Young Singer
What does it sing about? She sings freedom:
Not changed to the end!
Why does this image worry the Russian poet?
Loyalty to itself, his ideals, internal freedom from anyone's influences and circumstances, the hymns, struck in honor of freedom, serve for Pushkin an example, inspire him.
In his own, he addresses the pages of Russian and French history, describing the last moments of the life of Louis XVI and Paul first.
What sense describes the poet these terrible moments? Justify.
They cause him horror, rejection. This can be understood through the epithets ("criminal sequir", "Village Porphira", "terrible walls", "killers of Potenne", "Inchlastic strikes", compared ("like animals, I invaded Yanychars"), metaphors ("bloody gratefulness", "Gate holes in the darkness of Night /
Hand of betrayal hired ") and others.
Perhaps he sympathizes executed tyrants? Justify.
Unlikely. The poet hates tyranny. Recall what kind of task he set in front of him at the beginning of the work:
I want to fight freedom to the world
On the thrones to hit the vice.
The power of tyrants, he calls the unjust:
Alas! Wherever I'll throw a look -
Everywhere Beach, everywhere gland,
The laws of death shame
Uniliest tears;
Everywhere unrighteous power
In a condensed millet predestreaming
Run - slavery formidable genius
And glory rocky passion.
His angry words are addressed to Napoleon:
Self-resistant villain!
You, your throne I hate
Your destruction, death of children
I see with fierce joy.
Read on your chel
Printing curses peoples,
You are the horror of the world, shame of nature,
Below you are God on Earth.
Paul 1 calls "crowned villain." However, the killing of tyrants does not accept the poet. Why?
Because the murder, in Pushkin, is a crime, whoever is his victim. It comes out, and tyranans are criminals, as they oppress their people ("Beach everywhere, everywhere gland ... Inconsidious tears") and the people who kill their ruler, criminal ("criminal secreir" falls).
Why were these mutual crimes possible?
Where initially they are trampled by the unrighteous power of the "Laws of the Saint Sunday", the crime of this natural consequence of this.
Is it possible to avoid this? When, according to the poet, crimes and suffering are excluded?
Only there over the royal chapter
Peoples did not legally suffer
Where hard with the liberty
Laws of powerful combination;
Where everyone eats their solid shield. ..
Pushkin argues that "Eternal Law"
Above the crowns and thrones:
Vladyka! You are a crown and throne
Gives law - not nature;
Stand above you law
But the eternal above you law.
What is this "Eternal Law"? What does Pushkin mean?
"Eternal Law" is a law given over, the law of natural freedom of any living being.
Is it possible to the Union between the "Saint Willion" and "law"? If so, what value of the word "freedom" is meant?
If liberty is the possibility of manifesting your will in reasonable limits, the law is able to not infringe upon it, not to impede the free manifestations of man and even contribute to them. This is possible in a state that lives under the laws of equality, where the law, "squeezed by faithful hands / citizens over the equal chapters ... without choosing slides."
A. S. Pushkin attracted their bold poems of many progressively thinking readers. In the era of the absolute monarchy, such an open accusation of the king was unacceptable, but the poet was not afraid to defend his opinion, and then suffer punishment. In 1820, "liberty" became one of the reasons for the reference of the author.
This poem could not see the light at all, as it was too freedom. A. S. Pushkin risked, so openly expressing his thoughts about the power, although, by virtue of the age, he still did not completely understand the threat of censorship.
He wrote on the apartment of the Turgenev brothers. From the windows of this apartment was visible by the Mikhailovsky castle, where Paul I was killed (here, he writes Pushkin in the poem "Velost"). It happened in 1817, immediately after he graduated from the Tsarskoye Lyceum. Seeing the abode of autocracy, and reflecting on his despotic nature, the author composed one of the most significant of his creations belonging to the winsitis lyrics. "Liberty" was never published in the life of Alexander Sergeevich. After the death of Pushkin, the liberal publicist Herzen published a poem in the Collection "Polar Star".
Genre, size, direction
Of course, the "liberty" is a winsted poet lyrics, which is a realistic work, as it shows all the imperfections of the social structure of Russia Pushkinsky time. The author called the freedom to his idol, so this topic is especially important for the author. In order to convey it, the author chose an unusual genre - Oda. The despotus autocracy is refused to "liberty" with such expression precisely thanks to the peculiar genre.
Oda is written in the form of a lyrical monolor with a high, solemn verse, which focuses on the big value of the problem. Size is a four-stranded yamb. Rhyme - female. Rhymes - mixed.
Composition
"Liberty" can be divided into three parts.
- The beginning is a preamble, in which the poet only introduces the reader with his thoughts: "I want to fight freedom to the world."
- In the main part of Pushkin talks about different self-containers and their destinies.
- Conclusion can be called the most emotional. Here the author is hotly calls on monarchs bent before the law and abandon the amateurness.
The main images and their characteristics
- Monarch The poem is compared with Tiran, which is above the law, and which the power "gives the law - and not nature." Pushkin surrounds the king not the most pleasant appeals: "self-deprecatory villain", "Vladyka", "unrighteous power", "You are horror of the world, shame of nature,
Explore you God on Earth. " In his submission, the ruler of Russia seized the country not by justice and manages it unworthy. Higher forces did not appoint it to this post, but he behaves as if the earthly Lord is the center of the world equal to which there is no. It is incorrect, because such a position leads to irresponsibility and absolute power extinguishing the soul. - Lyrical hero - Mirror of ideas and Pushkin's experiences. It is immediately noticeable that, despite the fact that the poet for the period of creation of "liberty" was only eighteen years old, he is a conscious citizen and patriot. He is important to the fate of the Motherland and the people, he wants to fight with the injustice for the sake of common good, in his speeches you feel youthful passion, anger, outrage and hope at the same time. According to the first stanza, it becomes clear that he no longer wants to have a relationship to "rampant lyre." Now more important problems of a state scale are worried.
- The problem of tyranny and irresponsibility of the authorities. Pushkin believed that the main thing in man is his individuality and freedom. Society and power, according to the author, only limited the person and prevented her to create something new. The problem affected by the "liberty" concerns the state as a tool for the suppression of a civil initiative. The poet considers his mission to ignite the hearts of people and rebel against the restriction of thought with the help of the verb, which can be heated by the heart. He calls on "fallen slaves" to rebel against "tyranans of the world."
- Theme of freedom. Pushkin is outraged by the restriction of its freedom, the inner and political, and freedom of the rest of the people. He criticizes autocracy, and does not want to live in the pointer of the monarch, who tramples the rights of its subjects.
- The problem of social injustice. The poet said that the government should not be transmitted by inheritance, but should only get to the most worthy.
Topics and problems
Idea
Thus, the meaning of the Violence poem is a protest against the absolute monarchy. One person cannot fully own and dispose of the fate of others, especially if he receives these limitless rights inherited, and not to dignity. Alexander Pushkin in his condemnation refers to the injustice of the laws, which are not all equal. Therefore, the main idea of \u200b\u200b"liberty" can be formulated as follows: the monarch must honor the law, but he does not, as it has too much power, because of what society suffers. If the ruler cannot comply with the law and continues to limit the freedom of the people, it must be overthrown.
Also, the poet is very worried in the inner freedom (there is no censorship, any idea and thought must be respected), this is the main thought of the poem, denying any ideological pressure on personality.
Tools of artistic expressiveness
In order not to miss any detail from the described situation, A.S. Pushkin uses AnaFor ("Where he is careless, where Ile people, Il the Kingdom to rule the law!"). Among other means of artistic expressiveness can be seen:
- Metaphors (for example, "Silent Law");
- Epithets ("Missile Shame", "Noble Farm", "In a condensed MGL of predestreaming", "Warm Lear");
- Rhetorical figures ("Tirana of the world! Thrust!");
- Ompmits ("Silent Law", "Sleeping Misty of Foggy Desert Monument", "Calm Sleep shaves").
Also in the "liberty" the verbs prevail, which helps the author to create a strong dynamics in the work and call on readers to action.
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Pushkin work is an ex., That is, the genre, in the use of which the author goes on "noble tracks" ("Open me a noble trail ...") Radishcheva, who in Russia "liberty first drew" (an image of his ODD), and In addition, all those poets who previously responded to the call of an unusual muse - do not quearies Cyters (Kiefer - Islands in Greece, where the cult of the goddess of love and beauty Aphrodite was common), but "Freedom of the Proud Singer". Its calls on the lyrical hero of the poem in the first stanza:
Run, falter from eyes,
Cyters weak Queen!
Where are you, where are you, the thunderstorm kings,
Freedom proud singer? -
Come, sorvi with me a wreath,
Speakers of the raised LIRA ...
I want to fight freedom to the world ...
It is enthusiastic in this poem "proud", "bold" motifs, elevating the poet. In the second stanza, the "sublime Gall" is remembered - the French author of P.D. Lebrene (1729-1807), from the day of death, ten years have passed, but whose contribution to the fight against the rules that slow down public and spiritual development is an inspiring example for young people of 1810s:
Open me a noble mark
Of that elevated gall
To whom the middle of the glorious troubles
You're harmful hymns inspired.
The mention of the hymns is not by chance, since Lebeds wrote ODD, who came accepted by the activities of enlighteners and republican ideals. It is this sign of genre that is important for Pushkin. His "liberty" is continuing the tradition of writing the solemn, elevated stanza, where important socio-political or moral issues are being investigated (the definition of ODA as a genre of lyrics). However, the subject, like Radishchev, is so unusual that, as the last one wrote, the poem "for one name" cannot be accepted by the defears of power ("Travel from St. Petersburg to Moscow", head "Tver"). The singing of liberty in both poets acquires a political tint.
The source of reasoning about the lively "spirit of freedom" (Radishchev) was the ideology of the enlightenment (the era of enlightenment is the activity of thinkers, scientists, writers of the XVII-XVIII, striving to dispel the darkness of ignorance, - Radishchev "MGLU dense," - what prevented a reasonable device of society and The achievement of personal happiness) common in England, France, which has become relevant at the end of the XVIII century. And for Russia. It was generally recognized (with Voltaire, one of the most famous French enlighteners, Catherine II was rewritten), did not lead to the Bunctric mood, on the contrary, demanded a reasonable approach to the search for ways to achieve prosperity, taking into account the interests of all layers, compliance with the natural right to freedom of each person. However, the lyrical hero of Oda Radishchev was aware that in Russia to erect the "Temple of the Law", which protects this right, is impossible, social disasters that make people in people during the centuries require ignition (they have "commutable right"). In order for the history to develop on the path to the appointed nature itself, it is necessary to reset the shackles of public captivity. The contradiction between the requirement to comply with the "unchangeable never" law of individual freedom and the recognition of the "law of the versed" of the people, freed from the age-old dependence by violent means, was allowed from Radishchev in favor of the latter. Harmony in bloody, dark, brutal society turned out to be unattainable, the mind inferior to the feelings - and among them in the first place there was admiration for the courage of fighters for social justice: they, overcoming the obstacles, laid the road to the "Fatherland of Drague" - the kingdom of freedom, illuminated by shine, shine ("Brilliant day"), the light of the ideal. When it opens in front of people:
Then all the power of the authorities
Miscel down to one moment.
Oh, the day, the elected all days!
For the Pushkin lyrical hero, the educational spirit of historical generalizations, and the Bunlet Paphos were important. He is the heir to Radishchev, who continues his case in fifteen years after his death, the "young man, who was passaged than the glory," who "with a sensation" appeals to the story, who she causes a living emotional response; The emergence of such a poet was expected and premeditated by Radishchev:
Yes, the cool dust will fall
Majesty, that I sang;
Yes, the young man, whereby the glory,
Will come to the coffin my dilapidated
In order to show with a sensory ...
In the twelve stanza (stanza - from Greek. "Rotate"; a combination of lines, the main signs of which are lyrical, rhyme-forming, composite - periodically repeated in the poem) of ODD Pushkin "Wolnity" are historical examples in the proof of its main thought. Above the three "tyranans of the world" there was a "cliy voice" (Klio - Muza history in Greek. Mythology, images of their stanza 2, 10). Contemporaries well remember the "Shooting of the recent" (stanfier 6) and in France, and in Russia. The first appears the image of Louis XVI, "Martyr of the mistakes of the nice", "the ceased royal chapter" on the "bloody plate" during the Great French Revolution (Stragas 6, 7) in 1793:
You in witnesses call
About the martyr's mistakes of nice,
For the ancestors in the noise of storms of recent
Molding the royal chapter.
Goes back to the death of Louis
In mind silent offspring
Head of the widespread student
To bloody feet ...
The revolution did not led to liberation, Galla (here the French) remained "compound" (stanoda 7), "Self-resistant villain" - Napoleon I, who seized power after the state coup in 1799, and in five years, became the emperor. The angry reproaches of the lyrical hero are drawn to it, for which it in this context (the image of Napoleon in the lyrics of Pushkin undergoes changes, in the poem "to the sea", 1824, the soul of the lyrical hero amazes the idea of \u200b\u200bthe greatness of his personality) is a terrible criminal, whose actions deserve chosen , hate, terrible retribution:
Self-resistant villain!
You, your throne I hate
Your destruction, death of children
I see with fierce joy.
Read on your chel
Printing curses peoples,
You are the horror of the world, shame of nature,
I am reproached to God on Earth.
("Volost", stanza 8)
In Russia, the last atrocities in relation to the royal power is the murder of Paul I in 1801, the death of the "crowned villain" from the hands of "killery killers", who defeated him "strikes" in his palace over the "Mrochny Neva": (Strafs 9-11) :
Silent the wrong clock,
Omitted silently bridge lifting,
Gate holes in the darkness night
Hand of betrayal hired ...
About shame! Oh, the horror of our days!
How animals invaded Yanychars! ..
Incusional strikes will fall ...
A crowned villain was killed.
In three historical examples, the most significant political events of the last thirty years - the time passed from the moment of writing ODD Radishchev was recreated. Pushkin's lyrical hero complements the proof of the predecessor, their concepts are similar, thoughts continue each other. Like Radishchev, tyrants, kings, usurpovy the power (from Latin. "Illegal seizure, assigning other people's rights"), who put themselves above the law, and at the same time those who encroach on their lives. And the lords and slaves do not have to forget that the eternal law is above all ("but the eternal above you is a law" - stanza 5). The revolution is "nice", majestic, but an erroneous way to achieving equality (executed Louis XVI - "Martyr of Nice Errors", Straf 6). The murder is a terrible, shameful act ("On shame! Oh horror of our days!" - stanza 11), similar to the merry of Yanychar ("How, the animals invaded Yanyacari! .." - stanza 11), daring and significant only externally, in reality The same inglorious, evil, manifesting that those who are trying to change the world order, "in the heart of fear" (stanza 10):
He sees - in ribbons and stars,
Wine and angry jeeded
Go killers Potenne,
On the faces of the audacity, in the heart fear.
The analogies from the past help to prove the incredit nature of the requirements of legality in human society. The murder in the Mikhailovsky Palace (for Paul I in St. Petersburg on the project V.I. Bazhenova was built a palace in the form of a castle, surrounded by a moat with water; construction in 1797-1800. He was led by V.F. Brenna) reminds violence with the Roman emperor Caliguly, a well-known desire for the deification of his personality (<1241>; killed palace guards). Whatever a person, who turned out to be on the throne, kill him - a crime. Not only people, but nature itself (Napoleon - "Shame of Nature", stanza 8) Do not accept cruelty. In the representation of the lyrical hero, Pushkin, the seclime, listed above the head of "crowned villain", also "villainist", "criminal". He "sees the alive" last hour and caligules (stanza 10), and "martyr" Louis XVI, and devoted to his citizens of the Russian king Paul I, and does not hide sympathy to those who heard "terrible voice" of history (the importance of the epithet is emphasized by repetition: " And hears kpiai scary voice / behind the simi terrible walls ... "- stanza 10).
However, it is impossible to endure the shame of self-defense, it is impossible not to desire to approach his "dilution" ("Curse Printing" on the brow of tyrana is outlined with the help of hyperball in the form of Napoleon). The way out of this contradiction at the substantive level is the expectation that the time will come when "citizens over equal chapters" will erect a solid shield of the law (stanza 4). But the meaning of the Violence poem is not exhausted by this educational requirement. The rebellious orientation of Ode Pushkin was acutely perceived by his contemporaries, reading it in the lists (the poem was not published). One of them was donated by the author of KN. E.I. Golitsyna, which has become a reason to express a subjective assessment of his own poem:
Simple pupil of nature,
So I happened
The dream is excellent freedom
And it breathe sweets.
("KN. Golitsina, sending it to the ODU" Volost ", 1818)
Obviously, it is important for the poet, in addition to the display of excellent speculative aspirations, the winsted spirit of creativity. To see how such an ephemeral is expressed (from Greek. "One-day, fleeting"; a ghostly, imperceptible) property, it is necessary to refer to the characteristic of the lyrical hero. In the first part of the poem not only its position, but the features of attitude to reality are revealed. Throws youthful hobbies, baby style ("run ... Sorvi a wreath with me, / Speakers a foam Liru ..." - stanza 1), he expresses a passionate desire to take freedom as a political requirement, to carry out that the tyranny, "unrighteous power" interfere with Struffles 2-3). In his ideas about the world, the maximalism is noticeable ("Alas! Wherever I will throw a glance - / everywhere Beech, everywhere gland, / laws of a mad shame, / uniliest tears; / everywhere unrighteous power ..." - stanza 3). It is not an indicator of romantic disappointment, on the contrary, the lyrical hero of Oda is confident that the creation of civil society is possible, this is the case of the nearest future. For this, he is ready to part with calm, carelessness, pleasures, contacting social activities. The poet does not give up his destination, while remaining a "thoughtful singer", reflecting on the contrasts of the world ("Gloomy Neva" - "midnight star" - stanza 9; Earlier: Tirana - slaves, slavery - glory, stanza 2-3), but his dedication Civil ideals are expressed openly and straight, filled with socio-historical specifics.
The creative gust leads the lyrical hero to outlines the "mistakes" of the past so "alive" (stanza 6, 10), that they become convincing evidence of the rightness of enlighteners, towering the law. However, at the same time, in the context of the poem, the highest value is freedom, an impact of the poet's muse. From the appeal to the proud, the bold dream of it begins the ODA "VOLOSTI", which is concluded by the statement that the main condition of calm in society will be "peoples of liberty". For a lyrical hero, it is important to express a personal attitude to what is happening ("I want to pick up", "Wherever I'll throw a look", " is yoursthroneihate"). This contributes to the image of psychological specifics, against the background of which the poet's appeals to the kings appear not as crumbling edifications, and angry accusations and the foresight of the shock. The "singer" is outside the hierarchy, in his perception, the story is a single, continuous process, and the artist's imagination resurrects Roman emperors, Turkish warriors killed by the French king, the Russian emperor, whose death is predicted by oblivion, turning them into participants unfolding in front of the reader of the world tragedy . The extension spoken by the author is close to prophecies, but at the same time he remains a private person, a "thoughtful singer." Freedom for him is the opportunity to preserve loyalty to his beliefs, expressing them in calls to overcome social limitations:
Tirana of the world! Breshing!
And you, be furious and put it,
Rose, fallen slaves!
…
Vladyka! You are a crown and throne
Gives the law - and not nature, -
Stream above you are people,
But the eternal above you law.
And grief, grief tribes,
Where does he sleep carelessly ...
…
And you study, about the kings ...
…
Build the first chapter
Under the Sen, reliable law ...
In Pushkin's poem, whose analysis we spend, the liberty is hammering as the greatest gift, allowing a person to implement a public and personal ideal. The innovation of the poet is that the reader is convinced by intonation, the tone of speech. The socio-historical conclusion becomes not only the result of rational judgments, but the consequence of the experience. In the image of the lyrical hero, the main characteristic is feeling. Love for freedom, outraged shortness and power, an attempt to instill courage in those who are tired by the spectacle of age-old slavery are expressed in emotional images, psychologically reliable and facing real, earthly person who suffered the same problems. The trustful tone of the appeals found to the contemporary found by the young poet, for which the great world of this is only "witnesses", "monuments", and "our days" (Strafs 6, 9, 11) should become an epoch when the aspirations of predecessors do :
Peoples of liberty and peace.
Thus, the Analysis of the Violence verse Pushkin made it possible to clarify why the author of Oda "Wolney", like his predecessor, could be regarded by the authorities as a "riotrist" deserving links to Siberia. "Buntocker worse than Pugacheva" called Ekaterina II A.N. Radishcheva, having familiarized himself with his "Traveling from St. Petersburg to Moscow." Pushkin in the late 1810s is perceived by contemporaries as a political enemy of the courtyard, expressing his opposition in poems and acute epims on the nobles and Emperor Alexander I, the "worst despot", misleading the assurances in the fact that everyone is ready to give "people all The rights of people "(" Fairy Tales ", 1818). For Pushkin, a recent lyceum, novice poet, a police supervision is established. In the spring of 1820, a decision was made about its expulsion from the capitals. Thanks to the efforts of influential friends, a reference to Siberia or Solovki managed to replace the translation into the service in Ekaterinoslav, but still the next six years at the poet went away from the centers of cultural life and from friends, associates in literature. The reason for the repression was the winsted moods that caused the specifics of his early lyrics. Their expression is characteristic of the works of various genre characteristics - messages, Elegia, epigram. Messages are especially noticeable, as the image of a generation designed to embody dreams about liberation in them.
Pushkin belonged to that generation, which is called the Decembristian. His lyceum friends, I.I. Pushchin and V.K. Kyhehelbecker, participated in the uprising in the Senate Square prepared in the emotional plan, including the winsted lyrics of the young Pushkin. ODU "VOLOSTI" was found in papers seized from the Decembrists during the search. The poet himself during the uprising on December 14, 1825 was in the link in Mikhailovsky, he was saved from his stay in St. Petersburg (according to the legend, before the carriage, secretly held him in the capital, hare was running, which was a bad admission, forced to turn back). Pushkin was not a member of the Decembrist societies, but for him was undoubted that his beliefs should be confirmed by the case (in conversation with the emperor Nikolai I, who called him out of the link, the poet frankly admitted that, be it in the capital, it would be necessary to participate in the uprising ). The globility of his generation The lyrical hero of Pushkin poems called "Flame" ("Denis Davydov", 1819), considering his dominant ability to "breathe sweetly" ("KN. Golitsyn", 1818), burn ("to Chaadaev", 1818) Spare-Doy , all "sacrificing only her" ("Kn.y. Plussova", 1818). For him, it was important that the unity of the aspirations of young nobles, ready to sacrifice the really "all" - the future, life, - in order for the "ECHO of the Russian People" to respond to their appeal:
Freedom only to praise
Poems sacrificing only her
I'm not born kings amuse
Small museum of mine.
…
Love and Mystery Freedom
Inspired the heart of the hymn simple
There was an echo of the Russian people.
("K N.Ya. Plussova", 1818)
In Oda, the "liberty" outlines are outlined and the ideological basis, and the emotional mood of the representative of this proud, bold, noble generation, refusing to the charm of youth for the ideal of the "liberty of the Saint" ("Wolnity", stanza 4). In the poem, facing like-minded people, the struggle for the achievement of the public good as the acquired meaning of life becomes the central motive ("to Chaadaev", 1818).
In the embodiment of the artistic goal of the author, as the analysis of ON "WILLY" PUSHKINA showed, not significant aspects played the main role, which are important for the epic story about events and characters, and the specific features of poetry, thanks to which it becomes possible to express the mood, experience, feeling. In conclusion, we will try to analyze the size and rhyme in the "liberty", drawing by the explanation to how the poet succeeds in the dynamism of the development of a lyrical plot throughout the twelve stanza, to highlight key statements. Pushkin's OK differs from the traditional product of such a genre. In the "liberty" by A. N. Radishchev, who became a remnice-free source for Pushkin images, was preserved the same stanza, consisting of ten lines of the difference in a variety of rhymes. In Pushkin, the number of rows in the line decreases to eight, and such a minimum change is important, since, thanks to him, the speaker appears. Poetic speech is perceived as a speech monologue, where the meaning of appeals, exclamations, appeals, cautions increase depending on their location. From the desire to allocate ODU as among their own works ("Where are you, where are you, the thunderstorm of the kings, / freedom of proud singer? - / Come, sorrive with me a wreath, / break off the lion ..." - stanza 1) and in the world Literature ("Open me a noble trail ..." - stanza 2), the lyrical hero comes to understanding the need to summarize historical patterns. Their consideration continues, making a new shade, an assessment of reality, unacceptable for him to the rule of unrighteous forces. It is not hidden by public laws that are found people on unheard, slavery (stanza 3), the blinding of Vladyk, who forgot about the fact that they are equal to all citizens (stanza 4), the abrasion of the law (stanza 5). He sees his task in reminding the tyrants about the briefness of earthly establishments, in the union of courage and hopes in the "fallen", and most importantly, in the appeal to give the tribute to the Divine, the sacred right of a person's free life.
Violation of the World Law perturbs the "singer", "allaches" makes it makesone to translate from the midnight star to the signs of earthly "gloomy" reality. In stanza 6-11, his lyrical gift is subordinated to the civil goal - to convince the reader on the examples from the past that:
... Crown and throne
Gives the law ...
And grief, grief tribes,
Where he is careless, he carelessly
Where Ile people, Ile King
The law rules maybe!
(Stanza 5-6)
The rhyme scheme is such that attention is attracted to the final line in stroke. Thanks to this feature, the meaning of the statements that end the storm is standing out (inside the text to create a similar impression are used - semantic, from Greek. "Related to the meaning of the word", as well as intonation funds, including exclamations). Let's see how rhymes are located in the eight-grades of Pushkin Oda. Denote the male, ending the shock syllable, rhyme - "A", the female - "b". Then the scheme will look like this: Abababba. In the first quatrain, the rhymes are crosst, and in the second - a conjunctive. At the last position - a strong place. The melody smoothly approaches the final chord in each stanza, but the last line in the poem is perceived as tonic in a musical product.
Only if the requirement expressed in it is embodied in it, harmony will be restored in a terrible, imperfect, threatening people with disasters that violates God's will ("reproacitate God on Earth" - stanza 8) of the world:
And you study, about the kings:
Neither punished nor rewards
Neither shelter darkness nor altari
Not true for you fences,
Build the first chapter
Under the village of reliable law
And become eternal guards of the throne
Peoples of liberty and peace.
(Stanza 12)
To determine the size of the poem, it is necessary to calculate the number of strong places in the line, here four are a four-stranded yum, the size that was used by Pushkin in the works of different poetic genres affecting the whole range of topics. The four-stranded poems are written poems, which expressed winsted aspirations, philosophical meditation, friendly feelings, impressions of nature, search for answers to creative questions, recognition in love. The size does not argue the creative possibilities of the Great Poet, for each aspect of the content in his verses there is an expressive form. Analyzing its specificity, you should not forget that the poet in it embodies ideological intent, including both an abstract thought and feeling. In the freestyle lyrics, Pushkin is expressed and indignation by public and moral vices, and civic feelings, and emotion from waiting for change.
The lyrical hero of Pushkin woln-loving poems does not want contemporaries to experience methers in which, as "in the noise of storms of recent" (stanza 6), humanistic values \u200b\u200bare forgotten, people die. Call "Rose, Fallen Slaves!" (Strap 2) Contains not the demand of the rebellion, but attempt to instill in the hope of hopeful, the desire to "rebel", revive for new life tests, the result of which will become "peoples of liberty and peace." The final conclusion is significant to identify the essence of the author's position, deprived of mindlessness. The poet does not embellish the story, does not hide that there were horror in it, and shame (concepts are repeated in stanza 8.11). For him, it is important to restore equilibrium in society.
Only his life, together with the fate of like-minded people, he is ready to sacrifice. They do not have a martyr's crown, as in "witnesses" of historical errors ("On the martyr's mistakes of nice ..." - stanza 6, where Louis XVI is remembered). They are aware that the intervention in the course of world events makes them participants in the universal tragedy, the heroes, which fell away with the happiness to confirm the sincerity of the belief, the elevation of the thoughts and the fortress of the Spirit. Appeals to friends whose names will remain in the memory of descendants as destroyers of an unfair order, awakening Russia from a century-old sleep ("Russia will love from sleep ..." - "To Chaadaev"), approaching the "Chief" Day of Freedom (A.N. Radishchev. "VOLOSTI"), are the most important part of the woln-loving lyrics of Pushkin.
The war of 1812 has changed the views of the advanced part of the nobles in relation to the serfs and the autocratic power of Russia. At the moral formation of Pushkin, the influence of the Tsarskoye Lyceum, which was conceived, as an educational institution for noble children and which was to prepare future officials, loyal royal power. But it turned out the opposite. Lyceum has become a stronghold of freedomiff.
A vast influence on the winsitious ideas of Lyceistov, Professor Lyceum Alexander Petrovich Kuckingin, who taught logic, ethics, psychology and legal science, and believed that power must be limited, and the power is not only public, but also the parent, otherwise it turns into tyranium.
Under the influence of the philosophy of Rousseau and Kant, Kunitsyn lectures, communicating with lyceumists, against the background of the sentiments who twisted after the Patriotic War, the Ode was born, forever defeated the relationship of Pushkin with the emperor, and served as the reason for his expulsion from the capital. It - .
She was created immediately after the end of the lyceum, in 1917, when Pushkin was located in the Turgenev brothers apartment on Fontanka, the windows of which went to the Mikhailovsky castle. The same castle, where the sovereign Pavel Petrovich was killed. Perhaps this species from the window and inspired the young, but already famous poet for such a free-industrial work.
When on the gloomy neva
Star midnight sparkle
And carefree chapter
Calm sleep agults
Pensive singer looks
On the hardware sleeve
Tirana desert monument,
Forget the abandoned palace
The ODD, glorifying and praising the power of the pre-war, wrote to Pushkin. Ode Pushkin performs the opposite target. She condemns the absolute monarchy. The main idea of \u200b\u200bthis work is a protest against self-leveling.
Only there over the royal chapter
Peoples did not legally suffer
Where hard with the liberty
Laws of powerful combination;
In this work, the poet openly and emotionally expresses his feelings, attitude to autocracy. It is not surprising that, in the life of Pushkin, Oda was not published, but she very quickly went to the lists, and yet got on the emperor's table.
Tirana of the world! Breshing!
And you, be furious and put it,
Rose, fallen slaves!
Making an analysis of ODD "liberty", we see that it is divided into 3 parts. In the first part of the poet outlines the purpose of the work:
I want to fight freedom to the world
On the thrones to hit the vice.
In the second part, the poet expresses his opinion on the law, which is "above the crown and throne." The poet on the significant examples of the Russian king Paul and the French kings develops his thought.
The third part of the ODD is the conclusion with the call to the power to the precondition:
Build the first chapter
Under the village of reliable law
And become eternal guards of the throne
Peoples of liberty and peace.
The poem is a lyrical monologue written by a four-stranded yamb. Rhymes unstressed, with mixed stanza. All this gives the product the dynamism and clarity of the rhythm.
In the "liberty" at all the rigor of the composition there are many expressive epithets: "Weak Queen", "Wasned Lira", weak tears "" noble trail ". These and other epithets help the poet to convey their main idea - the law is above all.
Oda A.S. Pushkin echoes the same Radishchev's named the same name, but he puts the people over selfhood. Although the ideals of freedom, humanity are approved in both works. This product was rated by A.I. Herzenom, who wrote that "Pushkin's song continued the era of the past, filled the practical sounds of real and sent his voice to the remote future."
"WILLY" Alexander Pushkin
Run, falter from eyes,
Cyters weak Queen!
Where are you, where are you, the thunderstorm kings,
Freedom proud singer?
Come, sorvi with me a wreath,
Speakers of the raised LIRA ...
I want to fight freedom to the world
On the thrones to hit the vice.Open me a noble mark
Of that elevated gall *,
To whom the middle of the glorious troubles
You're harmful hymns inspired.
Pets windy fate,
Tirana of the world! Breshing!
And you, be furious and put it,
Rose, fallen slaves!Alas! Wherever I'll throw a look -
Everywhere Beach, everywhere gland,
The laws of death shame
Uniliest tears;
Everywhere unrighteous power
In a condensed MGL of the predestration
Run - slavery formidable genius
And glory rocky passion.Only there over the royal chapter
Peoples did not legally suffer
Where hard with the liberty
Laws of powerful combination;
Where all the firm shield is all
Where squeezed by faithful hands
Citizens over equal chapters
Their sword without choosing slipsAnd the crime is hung
Fights righteous scope;
Where they are not bribing their hand
Neither evacuated misfortune or fear.
Vladyka! You are a crown and throne
Gives law - not nature;
Stream above you are people,
But the eternal above you law.And grief, grief tribes,
Where he is careless, he carelessly
Where Ile people, Ile King
The law rules maybe!
You in witnesses call
About the martyr's mistakes of nice,
For the ancestors in the noise of storms recent
Molding the royal chapter.Goes back to the death of Louis
In mind silent offspring
Head of the widespread student
To bloody flareness.
Silent the law - the people are silent,
There will be a criminal sequir ...
And CE - the villainist Porphira
On galls compounds lies.Self-resistant villain!
You, your throne I hate
Your destruction, death of children
I see with fierce joy.
Read on your chel
Printing curses peoples,
You are the horror of the world, shame of nature,
I am reproached to God on Earth.When on the gloomy neva
Star midnight sparkle
And carefree chapter
Calm sleep agults
Pensive singer looks
On the hardware sleeve
Tirana desert monument,
Forget the abandoned palace ** -And hear the clums of terrible voice
Behind this terrible walls,
Caligula last hour
He sees videos before
He sees - in ribbons and stars,
Wine and angry jeeded
Go killers Potenne,
On the faces of the audacity, in the heart fear.Silent the wrong clock,
Omitted silently bridge lifting,
Gate holes in the darkness night
Hand of betrayal hired ...
About shame! Oh horror of our days!
How animals invaded Yanychars! ..
Incusional strikes will fall ...
A crowned villain was killed.And you study, about the kings:
Neither punished nor rewards
Neither shelter darkness nor altari
Not sure for you fences.
Build the first chapter
Under the village of reliable law
And become eternal guards of the throne
Peoples of liberty and peace.* Gall - This refers to the French poet A. Singa.
** Palace - Mikhailovsky Castle in St. Petersburg. The following describes the murder of Paul I.
Analysis of the poem of Pushkin "Volost"
in the works of this author, capable of transferring the entire spectrum of feelings experienced by the poet. Even since his lyceumistic youth, Pushkin sincerely believed that each person is originally born free. However, it is the society that encourages it to change its principles and comply with conventions that are all a sensible person.
The winsted views of the poet clearly can be traced in the works of the early period of creativity, when Pushkin still does not recognize the existence of censorship and believes that he can openly express their thoughts. Such poems belongs to the Oda "liberty", which was written by the poet in 1817 immediately after the end of the lyceum in the royal village. By that time, Pushkin had already tasted the first fruits of literary glory and did not doubt what it would devote his life. However, he had the highest ideal, which was in universal freedom. It is her who calls him in the first lines of his work, and is even ready to sacrifice it with his talent. "Come, sorvi from me a crown, splits a fancy liru," the poet tries.
It was in this work that Pushkin predetermines his fate as a poet and a citizen. He is convinced that if heaven was pleased with his literary gift, then you should not spend it on trifles. Therefore, the author decides not to be exchanged for trifles, his goal is noble and simple. "Tirana of the world! Breshing! And you, forgive and get it, rise, fallen slaves! ", - Calls the author.
Meanwhile, in his incomplete 18 years, Pushkin already understands that it will not be easy to change the world for the better. He regret notes that "the laws of the Missile Shame" reigns everywhere, with which all the estates of society have to put up. But if the power of the property perceive this as proper, then for the simple people, serfdom, barishment and louges are akin to canthals. Glory and slavery - here, according to the poet, the two main driving forces of the Russian society of the first half of the 19th century. Yes, the Russians are the valiant people who managed to glorify their homeland with the roasted feats and victories. But the opposite side of this medal is poverty and slavery. Therefore, the poet is asked: whatever the modern society becomes, it is truly free. To understand this, the poet appeals to the story and recalls Zaporizhia, where "firmly with the liberty of the holy laws of powerful combination". Arguing on the topic of freedom of choice and destinations of every person, the poet comes to the conclusion that the government cannot inherit, it should be transferred by the law to those who are most of all worthy. Thus, Pushkin is openly opposed to autocracy, considering it by manifestation of the densence and submission of the Russian people. Moreover, the author emphasizes that "shy silence" is characteristic not only for his contemporaries. It was exactly that ordinary people in Europe, Rome and Ancient Greece, when the rulers of various countries were created by lawlessness. But, at the same time, the author predicts that those times will come when mighty rulers still have to live by law when "will become the eternal guards of the throne of the nation and peace."
The ode "Velost" was never published during the lifetime of the poet, since Pushkin understood all the utopian of the views and ideas set forth in this work. Nevertheless, the author to the end of his life continued to believe that someday the world will change so much that justice, equality and real freedom will be reigned in it. It was this work that Pushkin predicted the emergence of secret societies of future Decembrists, who were destined to shake public foundations.