Orthodox calendar. Modern look
Where are the Holy Mountains?
July 30, 2008.
Icon of the Mother of God Svyatogorsk
July 30, 2008 The Russian Orthodox Church honors the icon of the Mother of the Mother of Svyatogorsk, and, together with it, the UPC MP is joined to this honor. Especially since 2008 Brought to the church life of the Russian Orthodox Church, a number of revolutionary changes can be said. And this year, honoring the icon of God's Mother of Svyatogorsk, will be held against the background of the celebrations dedicated to the 1020th anniversary of the Baptism of Russia and with the personal participation of Patriarch Alexy II, which is in itself an extraordinary event.
But, by virtue of historical realities, a certain historical historical appeared at the Orthodox Church, and I would even say the church conflict, which in the ROC, where everyone is passionate about the new church construction, they do not want to notice hard.
For in the Russian Federation, in the canonical territory of the ROC, there is a Holy Assumption Svyatogorsk Male Monastery (Pskov Region) where there is an icon of the Mother of Svyatogorsk and in Ukraine (Donetsk region) has a restored in 1992. Holy Assumption Svyatogorsk Monastery.
And since 2004, he has already become the Svyatogorsk Holy Assumption Lavra, where there is also a miraculous Svyatogorsk icon of the Mother of God.
And the celebration of these icons occurs in one day, although the history of their appearance and the beginning of the worship cult, in the time interval, was divided into 300-400 years, in favor of the Holy Assumption Svyatogorsk male monastery (Pskov region).
And believers, there are no old confidence, where are the Holy Mountains on the Pskov region or in Ukraine? As it is not logical, have two places of religious reverence of the same icons, in monasteries with the same name and locally with similar names?
But if you follow the logic of the latest events, then the decision of the Patriarch of the ROC Alexy II II to visit on July 29 and 30, Donetsk and Svyatogorsk Lavra, where on the last day of his stay in Ukraine he will lead Liturgy on the Day of the celebration of the Svyatogorsk Icon of the Mother of God, says that "True" Holy Mountains "are in Ukraine ....
It is a pity, however, that Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin, in such a situation, as he was offended, since it was in this holy Uspensky Svyatogorsk Men's monastery that in the Pskov region and is the generic tomb of Pushkin. There is a modern policy, more important than the historical memory of a nationwide Russian pet.
Taking into account this priority and attention to the leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Svyatogorsk Holy Assumption Lavra and its main shrine, we will begin our essay about two monastic monastery, with this monastic monasticist, so that finally find out where the holy mountains and whose icon of the Mother of God are honored July 30, 2008
Chapter 1 Part 1
Holy Assumption Svyatogorsk desert - Holy Uspensky Svyatogorsk Monastery - Saintogorsk Holy Uspenskaya Lava (Ukraine)
Historical part
On the right bank of the River Seversk Donets is regenerated from 1992. The monota abode is the Assumption Svyatogorsk Male Monastery.
This abode is in the region, which is still long before the baptism of Russia was for the church legend of Christian.
We will throw the stories of the church legend that the monastery was originally founded by the monks of the Byzantium and proceed to documentary evidence.
So in the "History of the Russian Church" Mer. Makarius indicates that Khazara living here, already in the middle of the VIII century. Have had her bishop, a certain chief of Spleensky, exiled in Kherson for icon.
Through the century, the Greek emperor Mikhail at the request of Khazar sent SVV. Kirill and Methodius in Khazaria, because "Byyu Tamo Jew for the peasant faith of Velmi is hung."
Whether Kirill and Methodius were in the Svyatogorsk Monastery, the story is silent. But Metropolitan Macarium argues that after repeated hot debates with Khazari, Saracines and especially Jews, the brothers with God had achieved the goal of their embassy - according to the testimony of the lives of equivalent brothers, the prince himself, the boyars and many people believed in Christ and accepted the Holy Baptism.
Another church authority archite. Philaret (Gumilevsky). Explaining the name of the Holy Desert, he wrote like this: "Why is the Donetskaya Mountain named saints? -
- This name is only explained by the fact that since 1540, the shrine of Donetsk rocks was already too famous - the image of SVT. Nicholas, acquired by the inocities (in the caves), and the holiness of the inkoms who lapping here ...
With everything is probability, we can assume that in the XIV century. Already existed the Svyatogorsk Resident ... "
Please note the dear reader that the first and main icon of the Svyatogorsk desert from 1540g. I became the icon of St. Nicholas!
In the XI-XIV centuries. There were, in close proximity to the Holy Mountains, there was, in the opinion of some modern archaeologists, as a series of small settlements and a large center - "Tsanno Gorodishche", part of the inhabitants who confessed Christianity to Greek ritual.
Repeatedly the Holy Mountains are mentioned in the historical documents of the XVI century, such as the Moscow and Lviv chronicle, and in 1624, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich gives Igumen Simeon with a sick diploma.
In Russian historiography, taking such a royal diploma, this is how the official adoption of the monastery under the wing of the Russian Orthodox Church is usually considered as a year of foundation.
And all that was before, as it were, not in the expense, did the Khazar of the "jigid" besides, also wondered?
The Kirill and Methodius brothers came and left, and the Khazars, but not Slavs and the Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians came out from them, remained in the territory of the present in the Donetsk region.
At this time, the Svyatogorsk desert, was the most advanced, southern, Russian settlement in the wild steppe and stood on the path of the Crimean Tatar Horde, who were repeatedly walked for tribute to Muscovy, and also ruined by Tatars, although we know, they did not take the monks And the church was not taxed.
. In the fact that the monastery was an advanced fortress and testifies its location on almost impregnable rocks.
But the dyes were gone, the reign of Catherine II was.
Ukraine was conquered, Zaporizhia Schish is eliminated.
In 1782, Catherine II concluded a peace treaty with Crimean Khan, a peace treaty and the need for the Russian Empire and naturally for the Russian Orthodox Church, in the desert disappeared.
In this regard, in 1787, the abode was "abolished". According to the "spiritual states", published Catherine II on February 26, 1764, all monasteries who owned patrimonies and not abolished, with the exception of the Laurel (Trinity-Sergievskaya and Kiev-Pechersk) and those of which were made by the Cathedral, that is, intended For bishops (Alexander Nevsky, miracles, Christmas-Vladimir, Ipatievsky, Savior-Preobrazhensky, Novgorod-Seversky), were divided into three classes and there was a norm of regular monks and nuns.
In men's I class monasteries, there were 33 monks, in second-class - on 17, and in third-class - 12 monks; In the first-class women's monasteries, there were, from 52 to 101 nuns, and in the second-class monasteries, the nuns were put on 17.
All monasteries, deserts and beds in one of the Great-Russian provinces in 1762 consisted of 881
Only regular monasteries have now received a certain money from the state.
But, not all was clean here, without corruption, as they say now, it did not cost, and the miraculous icons of Svyatogorsk, did not help.
An unexpected turn in the history of Svyatogory, was the decision of Catherine II to present this "paradise on Earth", as the Empress itself was expressed, his favorite - the prince Gregory Potemkin. After that, the territory of the desert became its ordinary secular cottage.
Yes, I almost forgot to note that by the time the desert closure she owned 27,000 decishes of the Earth and 2000 peasants. Very wealthy was the monastery community! And not a gift you can see Potemkin "I liked."
Since 1790, the Holy Mountains owned the Prince of Potemkin, and after his death - his relatives of Engelgarda. Those who have T.G. Shevchenko in the Cossacks served who does not remember. The churches of the monastery were partially disassembled, and partly became just a church arrival.
All monasteries, deserts, beds and women's communities (not counting the few assignment monasteries, in which only a few monks live to send worship) in Russia by July 1, 1896 existed 789 [
But back to the topic of the narrative.
Almost after 54, the Svyatogorsk desert fell off again. This happened in 1844 in connection with the coming to the settlement of the first 12 monks led by Igumen Arsenia (Mitrofanov).
The history of this "miracle" if they are expressed by the church language.
In 1842, the nephew of Engelgardt Alexander Potemkin (Samelights of Count Potemkin) and his wife Tatiana (nee Golitsyn), having been here, decided to revive the abode, for which they turned into a synod with the last restoration of the monastery.
And on the "All-Advanced Report of St. Synod" Nicholas I Decree of January 15, 1844 "People deigned to restore the Svyatogorsk Assumption Desert on the basis of the hostel and adopt the charter of the Kursk Diocese of the Kursk Diocese for the foundation of the inner welfare. (This posts and now there is a Glinen desert in the village. Sosnovka of the Glukhovsky district of the Sumy region of Ukraine)
Again, I draw the attention of the reader to the fact that the king allowed the foundation of the non-monastery, but the "desert".
And also, I usually please on misunderstanding, and maybe for malicious intent, an important detail "" deigned to restore the Svyatogorsk Assumption Desert on the basis of the hostel ... ".
T. and in its first legal status it was not a monastery, but deserts.
This is fundamentally important because "deserts" is a term denoting the monastic settlement, in the tradition of Russian Orthodoxy, usually remote from the main monastery of the Skit.
And in Orthodoxy, Helicing - the form of monastic, "Skitsky" or "deserted" lives, privacy associated with voluntary adoption in addition to general statutory additional ascetic vows (for example, enhanced prayer, strict postal term, silence).
Now let's talk about one important detail of the restoration of the Svyatogorsk desert. About the charter of the Mlinsky desert. This is a special document in Russian monasticism and it deserves a detailed description as, to understand its essence, it can be understood that the monks of the Syyyogorsk desert should be engaged.
The Charter consists of three departments, including 36 chapters.
The first define the order of worship and meals.
From 24 o'clock in the Glinskaya desert, the morning prayers and the midnight were read, Morning, lithium was performed, from 6 o'clock - Akathist Virgin Mary, from 8 o'clock - Liturgy, from 16 o'clock - evening, lithium.
From 18 o'clock - the vintage with three canons, also read prayers for the dream of the coming and a snan. Sunday and festive vigility began at midnight and lasted in the Lord and Virgin holidays (except for the reading of Kondakov and Ikos of Akathist) five hours, and in other holidays - four hours.
On Sunday, at 5 am the Cathedral Akathist Jesus was committed to the sweet. In the monastery was introduced a special clay racetrack, partition singing of the PRP. Philaret did not allow.
After the Liturgy, the brethren was afraid into the refectory, the rank of Panagia served. In the desert there were continuous reading of psaltiri and daily reconciliation on a special synation. In the first week of each month, the sanctification of water was committed.
Among the features of the worship of the Glinskaya desert were wearing with the deacons on the Temple of Darochranicants, each conclusion (codes with handles).
The second and third departments of the Charter regulated the responsibilities of the abbot, senior and ordinary brethren. Inka did not have any property, did not take anyone in Kalia, there were occasionally occasionally and only in the hotel. Women entrance everywhere, except the temple, was prohibited.
Everyone who arrived in the abode was commissioned for the spiritual bump of the old man. In addition to the obediences of the confessor and the treasurer, the PRP. Philaret introduced in the Glinskaya desert the post of adolescent, risching, tired, Eclicisiarch, Economa, hospital, hotel, etc.
According to the 25th chapter, the brethren who did not fulfill the charter was removed from the desert.
Rev. Seraphim Sarovsky is so now honored in Russia, Putin's era, called the Glina Desert "Great School of School of School of Life."
The Glinsky Charter, borrowed by many monasteries (about 15), served as a "cornerstone of a durable device and prosperity."
The Hieromona of the Glinsky Desert Innokenti became the first abbot of the Soviet Desert.
At the end of 1844, work began to restore churches, clearing the caves and underground moves.
From this time, over the second half of the XIX century, the old buildings at the river are replaced with new stone.
The underground church of Rev. Anthony and Feodosia Pecherski was restored in 1846, and in 1859 they rebuilt the main Cathedral of the Desert - Assumption. The Cathedral of Assumption was height from the base to the Cross of 53.5 m.
In 1850-1867, in one of the keys, inside the sheer cliff performed a feat of the rejection of Rev. John (hooks).
It was the Svyatogorsk Resident that the skit famous for the entire Russian Empire, the Skece at the railway station Borki, where the imperial family was wonderful in the catastrophe of October 17, 1888. This is when the people, the bomb was under way, if someone has seen a school history.
In 1874, a staircase called Kirillo Methodiyevskaya was arranged to the top of Mount Favor.
The staircase numbered 511 steps and was made in the form of an indoor gallery with 16 platforms, two towers and 22 transitions.
In general, we can say that in 70 years in the monastery, a large construction was held: 8 temples in the monastery, 5 temples on farms, 2 beds, hotel hulls, hospital, school, huge exemplary farm, the olderity was revived
This is clearly visible on the preserved pre-revolutionary picture of the Svyatogorsk Monastery and its surroundings.
In the "full geographical description of Russia, for 1903." You can read:
"Svyatogorsk Assumption Hostel" is located in the Izyumsk district of the Kharkiv province, in 155 versts on the soil tract from the city of Kharkov, in 35 versts from the city of Izyum and 18 versts from the famous Mineral waters of Slavyansk ...
From the city of Slavyansk to the station of the same name on the Azov railroad three versts, and from there on the cast-iron to Kharkov 237 miles "
Nevertheless, the monastery took annually thousands of Bogomoles. The total number of monks, novices and just tenants (Baltsev) and attendants were about 600 people. A large farm required a lot of workers.
This is where the abode of the fatal for the whole Russian Orthodox Church is 1917.
In 1922, after the period of repression and looting of the monastery, he was closed.
In today's church literature, such statements can be found: "The opening of the monastery predicted by Svyatogorsk elders took place in 1992.
The author believes this prediction made by rear. And in the proof of its point of view, refers to the historical document.
He is eloquent than any words, indicates how monks lived in the desert at the Bolsheviks.
"The act of investigating the atrocities of the Bolsheviks, committed in the Svetogorsk Monastery of the Izyum district." He dated 1919.
"Normal life in the Svyatogorsk Holy Assumption monastery, known not only in the Kharkiv province, but also throughout Russia, was violated in 1918.
In early January, the grandfamyshevy land committee of the Izyumsk district, as well as the Bogorodic and Slavic committees, took on the account of the property of the monastery having their branches in various places (Scribes) with the household and various workshops.
Taking into account the monastic property, the committees began to immediately eliminate him in their favor, and the grandfamyshevsky mercilessly cut the forest.
Thus, the entire stock of bread was taken out, and the cattle was sold out. From the use of the land, monastic brethren was eliminated. The monks that make up labor were subjected to compulsory eviction, and from 600 people left from 200 to 300 old people's clergymen and part of the monks who were accustomed to the monastery itself. Losses of the monastery, according to the modest calculation, there are about 250 thousand. Such a position did not save the monastery from further attacks. Since February, numerous searches begin, every time accompanied by robbery.
Already on February 15, the monastery is broken by armed sleek man in 15, as the local peasants said, mainly from the Izyumian police officers, it requires a contribution of 15 thousand rubles and, by communion of Celi, takes all what they like. Contributions to get this time the robbers failed. On March 26, a group of Bolsheviks reappeared.
Under the pretext of finding weapons, the unseasoned guests went to the cave temples, where they were blasphemed, entering here in the caps, smoking cigarettes, turning over the thrones and foul language. By the same time, the confiscation of church utensils escaped to the monastery from the churches of the Volyn and Vilen Diocese. The selection of these items, according to the testimony of witnesses, was produced unusually rude. The sacred items with curses were squeezed into the boxes, sv. Gifts were thrown out of the Daroni and stretched immediately.
After the search, the Bolsheviks headed for the abbot, demanded church wine and immediately drank him. Leaving, they captured a monastery horse with them.
By the beginning of April, the brutal murder of the monk Ipatiya, published for monastic walls. Apparently, it was robbed and chopped with checkers by stray Bolshevik detachments. In June, armed robbers (from 5 to 8 to 8 people) came to the skete with the village of Gorozovka and they demanded the monk of the monk of the monasure of the issuance of money reversed from the sale of monastic property. Economy stated that he had no money. He was taken out for the fence and immediately at the gate shot. Another monk, named Israel, was killed while trying to escape.
Cross stroke in the Holy Resident
A somewhat weakened during the hetmanship gangsterism was maintained, however, all the time wandering in the vicinity of the Bolshevik detachments, which were nicknamed the nickname "Lesovkov". By this time, the murder of several persons from the clergy of the Svyatogorsk Resident.
In October 1918, a particularly honorable in the terrain of the icon of the Svyatogorsk Mother of God was transferred from the village of Seli in the village. The congestion stopped for the night in the village of Bairachek. Here on the room that occupied the clergy, attacked the robbery gang, hacked the doors and the shots killed Ieromonakhov Modest and Irinarh, Ierodiacon Theodot, who lived in the same house of the Local Church's Psaller, the owner of the house and his daughter.
Five corpses lay at the foot of the icon standing in the puddle of the blood. There were no money from monks. But not one robber's motive led the robbers, judging by one of them during the murder: "You pray that God punished the Bolsheviks."
With the care of Germans, the activities of the Bolsheviks immediately revived. Already on December 1, a group of armed men, demanding the issuance of weapons that had had for self-preservation of the monastery was. The weapon was issued. Then the gang of a man who had expecting the results of negotiations of the gang broke into the monastery and began robbery of monastic and fraternal property.
From the monastery cash register kidnapped 7 thousand rubles, the monks took clothes, shoes, underwear, clocks, and so on., And all the loot taken to the monastic six horses, capturing two more crews.
Days on January 2 and 3, 1919 were the most serious for the Svyatogorsk Monastery and, together with the days of the most tense blasphemy and bullying over the Orthodox abode and violence against its clergy and monks. On January 2, about three and a half hours of the day, the Red Armenians came to the monastery of the Red Army for up to 60 people.
On the chest and on the rifles they had red ribbons. They burst through the gate of the hotel and, wraping the place of the monk head of the hotel, beat him with a plane and scattered along the buildings of the monastery.
Robbery began with the most incredible bullying. At that time, worship was saved in the Pokrovsk Church. Several Red Army teams broke into the temple in the headers, loudly demanding the rector and issuing keys from monastic storage. The issuance of 4 million contributions was made to issue 4 thousand money, formerly in the monastery ticket office. The Red Army teams crashed into small parties for the purpose of the sought search and robbery of monastic premises. The prior to the monastery of Archimandrite trifon was scattered all the situation and things, with a brave and threats of weapons demanding money.
Searches, robbery and bullying went simultaneously in all cells. The monks took their property to the latest shirt and boot inclusive. They were smashed and rushed to the floor of the icons, the monks were forced to smoke and dance in the corridors.
From one of them (monk Joseph), under the threat of execution, demanded that he scolded the Lord and God's Mother, and after the refusal forced to smoke, she would be fading deeper by beatings. The beaten, robbed and validated brethren began to be collected led by archimandrite in the church for worship. But even the redarmeysian gangsters, in the caps and with candles in their hands, inspecting the legs of the boots who seemed to be praying and taking it all the time.
At about 2 o'clock in the morning, when it seemed, some calm came, it was proceeded to commit Liturgy.
Holiday in the revived monastery
Liturgy in the cathedral served Archimandrite with another clergy. During the objects, a group of redarmeys broke into the temple. One of them ran into the amvon and with a cry: "It is enough for you to pray, the whole night goes, a one of the church!" - turned back by the shoulders of the proclaiming items of the Ierodiacon. Under the enhanced requests of Archimandrite and Briatia, it was given the permission to graduate from Liturgy. But the redarmeys did not leave the temple.
During the singing of the Cheruvim song, they entered the throne and continued to inspect the boots of praying. Brachius, waiting for further suffering and even death, met sv. Tyne. By the end of the dinner, a new gang of redarmeys broke into the temple. One of the gang, holding the scissors in the hands, shouted: "Stop, nor from the place, come in turn, I will cut everyone," and immediately cut his hair with one of the monks. Monks tried to run.
Another Red Army fellow in the altar, opened the royal gates and, standing in them, shouted: "Do not come out, shoot." At the same time, the redarmeys produced robbery, blasphemy and bullying in all premises of the monastery.
In the apartment of Archimandrite, the risers slept, hiding in the Epitrohil, in the room the treasurer, the portraits of the hierarchs of the Russian Church. Mockery and violence continued everywhere. Multiple monks arched her hair and beard, wobble forced to dance, smoke and even drink ink. In the morning, when the dinner began again, the redarmeys did not allow worship. The broken gang pounced on the clergymen and began to pull them out in the riza from the temple, but by giving way to the requests of the priests, allowed them to expose.
Then everything led by archimandrite was derived from the temple. From Archimandrite, the boots were removed, giving him some kind of lean, and despite the frost, built everyone in the ranks in front of the temple. Began accompanied by beatings and obscene abdomen of mockery of monks to marching and military receptions.
At this time in the neighboring temple blasphesed another group of red. One of them, putting on Riza and Mitra, sat down on the throne and shoved the gospel, and others, too, in Rizakh, blasphemously represented worship, then discovering, then closing the royal doors to fun with their like-minded people. The temple was defiled by the feces at the candle drawer.
Stones and samples with a mister and icons - everything was stolen. All the loot was exported from the monastery to 38 clads. At the same time, all the monks of the Hospital farmer ", located next to the monastery, were robbed.
During the management of the Bolsheviks by order of the Izyuma Executive Committee to the Bogorodic parish, a contribution of 80 or 85 thousand rubles was imposed. The Bogorodic Executive Committee demanded a 50,000 of the monastery to the Contribution. Brachia gathered 10 thousand rubles, and 5 thousand was paid from the monastery sums.
In the spring of 1919, the colony of children of different ages was sent from Petrograd in the spring of 1919, up to 18 years' inclusive, and is located in two monastic buildings. The colony of up to 350 people headed the Communist Poltoratsky, conducting education in the appropriate communism of the spirit. All icons from the busy buildings were removed, a visit to the church is prohibited.
During his retreat at the end of May of this year, the Bolsheviks visited the Svyatogorsk Monastery once again.
At first there was some kind of military and, calling himself to General Skura, demanded to indicate the abbot to him, and then the Shahka "Fighters" broke, demanding 50 thousand contributions. At the same time forced the Jeromonach John to put his head under the bumps. Hieromona was separated by the fact that he gave to the rapists of the former 40 rubles with it and received two strikes with Nagayki.
During the retreat of the Bolshevik, the hair was cut on the heads and beards of the Hieromonakhs of Nesor and Vonifati, the monk Timoli was killed in the field and left the left alive with the severe fingers of the Moses obedient.
The present act of the investigation is based on the facts mined by a special commission in compliance with the rules set out in the charter of criminal proceedings. Compiled on July 17, 1919 in Ekaterinodar. "
And this is all yesterday's zealous parishioners, about which so warmly wrote A.P. Chekhov in a story about visiting the Svyatogorsk desert, truly God subjected her best servants, a strict test ....
And on June 8-12, 1922 in the city of Bakhmut, the court session of the Donetsk provincial revallement took place.
DOUBLE 9 people of Svyatogorsk brethren led by Archimandrite Trifon. The main accusation is to conceal the church values \u200b\u200bfrom the withdrawal to help the starving.
The sentence was submitted after a 6-day court, which sentenced Archimandrite Trifon (Skriphenko) by 2 years of forced work with imprisonment.
So, by 1922. If someone from the monks managed to survive, then it was clearly not before forecasts about the revival of the monastery.
For the Bolsheviks came seriously and for a long time. The times for all as believers, and unbelievers have come terrible, even the most terrible ...
But after 1922, the Soviet government managed to find a different use of church buildings - in the desert, created one of the well-known health resorts.
In 1948, the remaining buildings of the monastery were announced by the cultural monument, and in 1980, Svyatogorye was proclaimed by the State Historical and Architecture Reserve, whose employees did a lot for the fundamental study of the history of the Holy Mountains, the restoration of mutilated war
But now I come in 1991. The USSR collapsed, and in free Ukraine, began to slowly return the assigned state, church property.
The efforts of the local Gorlovsky Diocese in 1992, the Holy Assumption Svyatogorsk desert, resumed its activities as a monastery.
Chain times, as they say, connected ... But there is one but. To understand it, it is necessary to make a retreat and will explain the unprepared readers, which today in the RPCs are monasteries.
Currently, all monasteries in Russia are divided into community and abnormal, regular and spent ones.
In the hostel monasteries, the monks are all necessary from the monastery, and their work on priesthood in the monastery and various monastic "obediences" to the appointment of rebels are provided in favor of the monastery;
Neither the monks nor officials with the abbot at the head can not have any rights to have ownership; The reisons are elected by the monasticists themselves (having complete monastic initiation).
In the monasteries of the abnormal monks, having a common meal from the monastery, clothes and everything else necessary for the ink, acquire themselves for the salary given to them or on the income from worships and from a different type of monastic "worklines", whose works can go on sale (for example, highlight cross, icons, etc.).
Abboots in these monasteries are appointed by the diocesan bishop with the approval of St. Synod.
The regular monasteries are called those that receive the content in known certain sizes and have in their composition the number of monastishes defined by staff.
They are divided into three classes in size from the content issued by them and according to the degree of rights.
In the first grade, four laurels are distinguished by some special privileges and rights, and seven Stavropiigial monasteries (Solovetsky, Simonov, Donskaya, Novospassky, Voskresensky - hereinafter referred to as Jerusalem, Zaikonospassky and Savier-Yakovlevsky).
The name of Stavropigial is produced from words - a cross and - hoisting, and explain it in the sense that when establishing their cross in them was hoisted by the patriarchs themselves, in direct control of which some of them were first.
Their advantages are now consisting in some bishops of the worship of their archimandritis (for example, it is entitled to autumn the people during the liturgia triciary and the Cyrian) and in the fact that they are withdrawn from the jurisdiction of the diocesan bishops, while in the direct institution of St. Synod or Moscow Synodal Office (Moscow Stavropigial Monasteries).
In the management of economic affairs, Lavr takes part so-called. "The Spiritual Cathedral" from the oldest monasticists, and in all other monasteries in the management of the economy, the "oldest brethren" promotes.
The internal structure of the monastic life of all monasteries is regulated by common monastic rules, special charters and "instructions of adolescent monasteries".
With some of the first mock. The monasteries are available, in some distance from them, in the places of the lonely, several keys for a more strict mobility life, the totality of which wears the name of the Skeit (as such, for example, Anzer's Solovetsky Monastery, Gefsema-Troice-Sergiye Lavra, etc.).
Cash monasteries are called monasteries that do not receive a salary and existing on the income mined by the priesthood and works of the monks themselves.
And the Svyatogorsk Assumption Desert until 1918, this is a spent, hostel, monastic community of the Kharkiv Diocese.
But back in our time!
As of 2007. In the conduct of the monastery there were three terrestrial and three cave temples, two bell tower, on the main one of them, 17 bells, the weight of the main bell "Iguumensky" more than 6 tons.
Among the parishioners, the UPC MP is considered that there are no monastic monastery, similar to Svyatogorsk, on beauty and unusual buildings.
The cave move, a length of about one kilometer, with chapels, tombs, beemen worshiped as a shrine.
In addition to them, the monastery is kept by the miraculous image of the Mother of the Svyatogorsk, PRP power. John the Naewnika, laying with particles of the relics of many saints, of which there are relics of sv. John the Forerunner, evangelists, as well as a part of the life-giving Cross of the Lord.
The most revered holidays in the Holy Mountains:
May 22 - SVT. Nicholas. The congestion rises on this day to the Holy Rock to the temple of the Wonderworker.
July 30 - the Svyatogorsk icon of the Mother of God. A crowded criety is performed with a miraculous icon around the monastery.
August 24 - PrP. John the Naewnik, the procession is performed around the monastery with the icon and the relics of the saint during a set of several hundred clergy and up to 10 thousand pilgrims.
August 28 - the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary - the preponal day of the monastery. The main celebrations are held in the Assumption Cathedral.
Services are performed daily. All obedience to the monastery mainly fulfill their brethren, from among which is an excellent choir.
In addition, brethren works in a carpentry, sewing workshops, a forge, bakery, apiary, vegetables, brotherhood, brotherly and pilgrimage, in garages, guides and other obediences, there is no disadvantage in which a reviving monastery.
And everything would be in the monastery, it would be according to the charter, would be quiet, the smooth and God of God, if not politics ...
(end 1 part)
The National Natural Park "Holy Mountains" was created in 1997 on the basis of landscape reserves of the national value of the "Mount of Atrema" and "Svyatogorsky". He became the first national natural park on the left bank of Ukraine. The park is located in the Slavic and Red Policy districts of the Donetsk region on the square of more than 40 thousand hectares. The basis of the complex of monuments of the reserve is, founded in the 13th century. She rises in a mountain speech and makes an easy impression by his appearance.
The park suffered significant destruction in 2014 during hostilities in the east of Ukraine.
What to see in the park "Holy Mountains"
On the territory of the National Natural Park "Holy Mountains" there are about 130 objects of archeology (from the Paleolithic era to Middle Ages) and 73 monuments of history. The park spread out in the territory of several settlements, in particular the cities of Svetogorsk and Slavyansk. In the park "Holy Mountains" combine rare landscape forms and ancient historical and religious monuments:
- The peculiarity of the park is the chalk mountains, on which rare plants have been preserved, for example, Cell Pine, growing in the smoothnik period. In 2008, the chalk mountains on the territory of the park were in the top 100 all-Ukrainian competition "Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine".
- The real pearl of the reserve is the cave temples with the wooden Nikolaev Church, built in the style of Ukrainian Baroque in the 17th century on the chalk rock, from the material of which the altar was made.
- Andreevsky chapel.
- Pokrovskaya church.
- The memorial zone of burials known in the countryside of the 19th century - Golitsyn, Kurakina, Ilovaiski.
- The caves on the territory of the former monastery Arsenyevsky Skita are greater historical value, as well as Mount Favor, where the Transfiguration Church existed.
Excursion routes
In the National Natural Park "Holy Mountains" have developed 4 tourist routes, there are excursions on the labeled ecological path "Oak Grove" and a non-marked trail attractive places.
- Ecotreop "Oak Grove" - \u200b\u200btwo-hour excursion, during which you can see, artificial pine forest and;
- Ecotouristic route "On the chalk (holy) mountains" - a five-hour excursion, which has 3 thematic routes;
- Ecotouristic route "From Mayatski to Saint Mountains" - bus route for about 11 km;
- The ecotourism route "To the Skit" Holy Place "begins from the bridge over the Seversky Donets and ends at the Skit of St. Art. Lasts about 3 hours.
National Park "Holy Mountains".
This Ukrainian park is located in the north of the Donetsk region and occupies three districts: in Krasnoliman, Slavic and Artemovsky. On the territory of the park there are famous chalk mountains, where the rarest plants of antiquity are still preserved, such as the grinding pine, which is known from the ice age. The heart of this Park is the Holy Assumption Svyatogorsk Lavra with its history, originating in the depths of centuries. There is a version that binds the emergence of the Svyatogorsk Lavra with the inquins who fled from Byzantium from the persecution of the emperor during the times of the iconocrous heresy. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe park is 40589 hectares, including the Park property accounts for 11878 hectares.
The date of creation of the park is considered February 13, 1997. And the park itself was created according to the decree of the President of Ukraine. It stretches mainly along the left side of the coast of Seversky Donets with quite large protractions on the right bank.
It is difficult to overestimate the natural value of the park "Holy Mountains". Here are the chalk mountains, where the rarest ancient plants are still preserved. An example can serve a pine chalk, which has been preserved since the times long before the glacial period.
Flora of the National Park is represented by 943 species of plants, 48 \u200b\u200bof which are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine. Protected plants in the Valley of the Seversky Donets are as follows: Representatives of relict and endemic plant groups on chalk delaminations, relices of pine trees of chalk, bairan forests, steppes, meadow and swamp vegetation. In total, the Park flora includes about 20 endemic species.
About 256 species of different animals make up the fauna of the National Park. Approximately 50 species of them are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine. In general, the fauna of the park is represented by 43 species of mammals, 40 species of fish, 194 - birds, 9 - amphibians and 10 species of reptiles.
Great and historical value of the park. Here are 73 historical monuments and 129 objects of archeology, which include samples of various historical periods: ranging from Paleolithic and ending with medieval. In 1980, the historical and cultural reserve of state values \u200b\u200bwas founded on the territory of the present park. The basis of the complex of monuments in the reserve is the Holy Assumption Svyatogorsk Lavra. The status of the Lavra was assigned in 2005, despite the fact that it was founded in the XIII - XVI centuries. Laurel on the right bank of the River Seversky Donets, which is covered with cliffs. The complex of historical monuments also includes the monumental sculpture of Artem, and the second of which is I. P. Kavaleridze. Not far from the monument was erected by a memorial in honor of the Great Patriotic War.
As part of the National Park "Holy Mountains" there are specially protected natural territories. List of these facilities Next: Mayatskaya Cottage, Utaima-1, Dendropark Mayan Lesstickniestia, Pine Spring, Lily of Lily, Chernetskaya, Lake Chernetskaya, Sampled, Oak, Black Stallion, Poplar, Pine Springs, Martynenkovo \u200b\u200bSwamp
For a long time, this place is known entitled "Holy Mountains". Now this is one of the largest national significance reserves. The park is occupied by an area over 40 thousand hectares, and has a varied landscape. The city of Svyatogorsk is also its protected historical and cultural part. The Park's tasks include scientific work, the preservation of unique nature and organized ecological tourism.
The entire territory of the National Park is divided into a functional zone with different security regimens.
The coast of the River Northern Donets, which is part of the reserve, has a huge historical importance, the events described in the "Word about the Igor regiment" took place. Here, according to the chronicler of Nesor, in 1111, Vladimir Monomakh won a glorious victory over Polovtsy military.
Park Northern Donets. - One of the largest rivers in Ukraine. Lakes deep, and rich in keys, beating from their bottom.
National Natural Park "Holy Mountains" Very rich in vegetation, over nine hundred species make up its foundation. , mostly oak, occupy a large (91%) area of \u200b\u200bthe park. The most valuable of them, Maitsky Dubravy began to guard by Peter I. There are even six hundred-year oaks in the reserve, a height of thirty meters, and more than six meters in girth. Self-valuable chalk bors consisting of relict chalk pines listed in the Red Book.
Generally Holy Mountains They called the treasury of live fossils. There are plants that are difficult to find in other places of the planet. Cretaceous pine is found in Russia, and there are several hundreds of hundreds in the national park, and the task of the reserve staff is to save them.
Another relict plant, carefully persistent in the Holy Mountains - Skumpy. It from the seventeenth century served as a dye for the skin, giving it a special shade of brown. Skumpia is very beautiful, especially in the fall, when her leaves become crimson. There is a reserve and a rare fund, which includes such particularly rare plants, like a goose onion, a Donkeeper, chalfthorn championships, and other representatives of the disappearing flora.
The fauna is also very interesting here, forty species of fish, including Elets Danilevsky and Dinor. Midhoga Ukrainian is listed in the European Red Book. A very rare marsh turtle is found in the reservoirs. Freck, Medica and Vijuki also feel perfectly in natural conditions.
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One of them is the National Natural Park "Holy Mountains" (http://www.svyatygory.org -offitial site). The park was Code on February 13, 1997. Located in the northern particide deck of Ukraine, in Slavic (11957 hectares), Krasnolymansky (27665 hectares) of the IARTEKOV district. Located along the left bank of the River Seversky Donets with large protrusions on the right bank. In 2008, the chalk mountains on the territory of the National Natural Park "Holy Mountains" fell into the Top-100 All-Ukrainian competition "Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine".
The park is working on the protection and study of valuable natural and historical and cultural complexes and objects in its territory, the creation of conditions for organized tourism and recreation of the population and the environmental education of visitors.
The park is essential in the historical and archaeological plan. On the territory of the saints, 129 objects of archeology (from Paleolithic to Middle Ages), 73 monuments of history. In 1980, the State Historical and Cultural Reserve was founded at the current territory of the park. The basis of the complex of the monuments of the reserve is the Holy Assumption Svyatogorsk Lavra (founded in the XIII - XVI centuries, the status of the Lavra received in 2005), located on the rocky law of the Seversky Donets. The complex of historical monuments also includes the monumental sculpture of Artem's work I. P. Kavaleridze. Next to the monument is the memorial of the Great Patriotic War. The composition of the National Natural Park "Holy Mountains" includes 13 specially protected natural territories of the Donetsk region - landscape, forest, botanical reserves and monuments of nature.
The vegetation of the National Park "Holy Mountains" has a huge scientific value. In an area of \u200b\u200b40.5 thousand hectares, half of the types of higher plants grow, which ever marked in the south-east of Ukraine - 943 species, including 27 species - trees, 63 shrubs and 853 - grassy plants. 48 species of plants are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, 20 species grow only in this area. The vegetation of the Valley of the River Seversky Donets is guarded: Relic and endemic plant groups on
Chalk delaminations, bairan forests, steppes, meadow and swamp vegetation. Of particular value are unique chalk bors, formed by the Pine Chalk, the tertiary relic, brought into the Red Book of Ukraine and the International Red List of IUCN (IUCN). As a unique corner of nature, the chalk mountains have long attracted the attention of scientists. The grind pine is different from the pine ordinary. Currently, in Ukraine, Pine Chalkom has been preserved only by the head of "Holy Mountains" and the "Chalk Flora" reserve.
The animal world of the park is very interesting - 256 species of animals live on the territory of the "Holy Mountains". Fauna has 43 species of mammals, 10 - reptiles, 9 - amphibians, 40 - fish. There is caressing, forest ferret, American mink, forest and stone cunits - ordinary residents of typical biotopes of the National Park. Miscellaneous, badger and otter are also found, listed in the Red Book of Ukraine. A few groups of wolves constantly live on the territory of the park. Hoofers are represented by the Aboriginal for the region of Rowers and Kaban, the Taiga resident of Else, which is widely distributed in the second half of the twentieth century, and acclimatized in the 60s from Primorye Spotted deer.
In total, among the wilders of the National Park "Holy Mountains" 49 species are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine and 13 in the European Red List. The rare composition of the animal and vegetable world can be considered with the Gold Foundation "Saints Mountains".
The National Natural Park "Holy Mountains" is a wonderful place to organize and conduct tourism, environmental excursions and environmental education. Here you can relax, health and get acquainted with the beautiful natural and cultural and historical complexes.