How to strengthen the lags of the floor from the deflection. Strengthening wooden overlap - ways to strengthen the ceiling and second floor beams

When organizing wooden floors, lags often use, especially the premises located on the 1st floor. They can be performed from wood, reinforced concrete, metal, etc.

What is wooden lags

Lags are transverse beams that are installed on bricks or reinforced concrete base. Performed from a solid wooden square of a square or round cross section. To save money, some owners perform them from the fascinated boards installed on the edge.

Floors organized on lags

Advantages of using lags

With the same height of the lifting the floors, organized by Lag, have a much smaller weight of the design, for example, compared to reinforced concrete.
The floor organized in this way is well ventilated.
Between the bars of the flooring, you can install hidden communications.
Paul having free space under the flooring, you can additionally insulate and make noise insulation.
Such floors can be aligned even if they have a large difference in height.
The floor that has such a design can be easily dismantled for restoration.

So that the overlaps were reliable and served for a long time, the bay cross section should be correctly calculated. To do this, you can use special tables.

Table calculation of the segment of the beam

However, such situations arise when the floors need to be strengthened. This happens in the following cases:

increases the load on the floor, for example, due to re-equipment of the attic into the attic;
the damage to the carrying of wooden elements, of which the floor was performed, fungal diseases, due to the damage to rodents;
exceeding the bearing capacity to which the floor was originally calculated;
initial incorrect calculation of the cross section of wooden elements, etc.

Attention! It is allowed that the floor has a 1: 300 deflection. That is, if the beam has a length of 3 meters and at the same time, the deflection is 10 mm, then this is a valid value, and the gain is not required.

There are several ways to enhance lag. Consider some of them.

We strengthen the floor with the enhancement of wooden structures with lining

It is done if cracks or the floor began to fasten the floor in wooden structures.

Previously, before performing work, it is necessary to unload the floors, it may also be necessary to dismantle the coating. Design unloading is performed using the installation of temporary racks from the log, timber or jacks. The number of racks and their cross-section depend on the length of the design and load.

If the lags are made of a solid log, it is allowed to install a single rack in the place of deflection. If the design is composite, then you need to install several racks. In the place where the floors are saved, the jack is installed, and with its help lead the system into a horizontal position.

If the floor flashed due to the fact that the beam of smaller diameter was originally used than, using the table, calculate the desired amount of diameter. Next, the beam diameter is deducted from the desired value. The resulting value and will give us the minimum thickness of the lining, which is used to increase the beam.

The pad is installed with one or on both sides and stalls with the old design using bolts with metal linings. They are needed in order to prevent the destruction of the tree under the load at the fastening site.

To enhance the floor, instead of wooden linings you can use metal. In this case, metal stripes are used with a thickness of 10 mm and width, 10-20% less lag width. As in the case of wooden linings, metal are installed with one or two sides of the structural element, only the number of mounting elements increase by about 25%. Metal before installation is processed by anti-corrosion compositions.

If the gain is performed when the timber is damaged, then it is necessary to install the backup, remove the damaged area, and this place is treated with antifungal compositions. Also treated with antifungal composition and lining themselves.

Strengthen beams using wooden linings

The gain can be performed using a carbon fiber, which is used if the beam is damaged by the fungus, but it appeared cracks.

In this case, the damaged part is winding with carbon fiber, which is fixed with a special adhesive composition made on the basis of epoxy resin. Such a material allows you to strengthen the design without increasing the thickness of the enhanced element. A layer of carbon fiber is winding 1-5 mm, depending on the intended load and the status of the bar.

After the repair work is completed, the supports are removed.

Strengthening wooden beams using prostheses

If the ram is damaged by fungus or insects, the floors can be repaired, amplifying the design with prostheses. The prosthesis is a special small metal farm, which is installed instead of a damaged area.

Prostheses are made from channel or welded with metal rods. For repair on its own in this case, it is better to use a channel, as it is performed by standard sizes, and it is only necessary to choose a suitable prosthetic. Due to its form, the channel perfectly opposes the existing loads on the floor.

Attention! For the manufacture of a protester from metal rods, it is necessary to perform quite complex strength calculation, and therefore it is better to trust the specialist.

To strengthen the floors, use prostheses made from a chapellera or metal rod

Often, damage occurs in the part of the bar, which rests on the wall, since it is in this place of the lags are affected by sharp fluctuations in temperature and high humidity. If this part of the structure is damaged, then to strengthen the floors, use a system of wooden and metal prostheses.

Before starting work to enhance the design, the damaged element is supported by supports. The damaged area is cut. The cut is processed by antibacterial compositions.

Next, wooden lining is chosen so that the total thickness of the structure would be slightly larger than the thickness of the original design. Between the linings inserted insert. Fixed insert to lining with nails.

Strengthening design with a wooden prosthetic

Strengthen the floors between the floors

To strengthen the floors that are located between the floors, you can lower additional supports that will take part of the load on yourself. In this case, the floors will be able to carry a greater load.

If possible, you can install additional intermediate beams. It will also strengthen the floors.
If possible, you can install additional intermediate lags.

If there is no possibility to strengthen the timber in the above methods, then you can unload designs, redistributing the load on additionally installed items.

Thanks to the lags, you can make perfectly smooth floor in any room. Modern technologies in construction are unique opportunities. For many, words such as bridge and polymers, tape floor, GOST, CUMBES, CONNECTIONS, sizes 100x200, or 150x50 say nothing. But already faced with repair know that it is most likely about the field on the lags. Someone just wants to make sex strengthening, and someone needs to be laid new, durable and beautiful. And very often used flooring technology on lags.

Their advantages: what are lagows

Immediately it is worth saying that putting the floor on the lags in many cases is simply the perfect solution. Indeed, this method has many advantages. It is very important that the floor is warm.

Among the benefits of Lag is worth noting reliability and a small price.

Also worth making floors on the lags as:

Noise from the neighbors around the apartment will not penetrate to you;
Installation can be completely made with your own hands;
The cost of sex and work is quite acceptable;
Wires and pipes, not very attractive, but necessary, you can hide under such a floor;
This is an eco-friendly floor.

When you work, the smell in the room will stand very pleasant. For many, by the way, the smell of treated tree is a real antidepressant, which by itself raises the mood and configures to work.

Lagas are called bars, which are needed as a support for the hard coating of the floor. Lags can be made of metal, polymers, reinforced concrete, but usually wooden lags are taken. With wood and work easier, and it costs it cheaper.

Lugi's beams are distinguished by mobility and smaller sizes. Beams after installation, if you give a shaped example, it is impossible to move, and the lags can be moved. Yes, and mount them at times easier, and if you need a repair - it will be simple and fast.

Installation Tools: Lagat Flooring Device

To work, you will need a hammer, level, screwdriver or drill, knife. Materials for the manufacture of such a floor are taken by the following - pieces of chipboard or plywood, any insulation, screw screws, corners or P-shaped fasteners.

All necessary lag mounting tools can be purchased at any construction store at an affordable price.

To prepare the floor to installation, it follows the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe floor. Check out the old screed if the concrete floor is already deprived of integrity, it needs to be pushed. Then the garbage and dust is removed, everything should be clean. Then you need to eliminate the defect of the rough floor. Paul should be primed. How many people do not speak about the need of primer, some kind of negligent attitude to this procedure. The primer is right, it should absorb and dry, and only then filled flats.

Then, in terms of level, the maximum surface point in the room is calculated. It is necessary to set a mark so that it is a guide for subsequent work. And then the work is developing in two possible scenarios: to make a screed, with a surface with one level, or set lags into the level of plywood gaskets of small size.

Step-by-step instructions: Installing lag for sex with your own hands

It all begins with the fact that the one-piece or connected bars lay out the width of the room. The first bar and the latter will be 20 cm from the wall. You need to calculate the step between lags in advance.

It is necessary to remove the floor level, the quality of the finishing coating will depend on this moment;
All bars must be put in one horizontal plane;
For lifting, bars or plywood lining are used;
Install little, you need to fasten the lags, for this, or screws are used, or they put anchor bolts;
The length of the mounting interval is 70-80 cm, drill the timber, capturing the concrete foundation, spinning the self-tapping screw.

To make the floor warm, there should be thermal insulation material between lags

There is an option to install the lag and on adjustable fasteners, turning it, will achieve the desired result. By the way, if the finish coating is not a wooden floor, but a ceramic tile of small size, then the distance between the bars will be 30 cm. Only in this situation there are also transverse lags, and at the same distance. They need to be attached to an equal level with longitudinal bars (a corner is used). Such a strengthening of the design should be used, because the size of the tile is small.

Modern lags for the floor: timber

The reliability of the structure depends not only on whether you use the board or metal elements, but also from whether the calculation is correct. First, the length and thickness of the bar is determined. Length is the length and width of the house. At the same time, it is necessary to leave the gap, and the bar, respectively, is selected by 20-30 mm less.

Such a ventilation gap is necessary - it prevents deformation if the differences of humidity and temperature happen.

The cross section of the bar, its size is more complicated. The potential load on the floor is important here, as well as the size of the spans between directly points of the Lag support points. There is a table that facilitates the calculations. The greater the span, the thicker it will be a bar. For example, the size of the span 3m, it means that the section is lag - 150 by 80 mm. The form of section is usually rectangular. Install the timber on the edge, so that the lags sustain high pressure.

What is the distance between the lags of the floor

The step of lag will depend on the thickness of the flooring. If you use flooring from durable thick boards, lags can be attached relatively rarely. Well, a thin and not special durable coating requires to put more lag.

Choose the distance between lags should depend on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and its structural features

Dependence can be considered on a pair of examples. For example, the thickness of the floorboard is 30 mm, it means that the interval between lags is half meter. Or a thickness of 40 mm, therefore, the step between lags is 700 mm.

Straight, the exact calculation is not needed. Sufficient will take simply the distance between our lags averaged value. And if at the end of the installation you saw that the distance is inaccurate, take less step between these last lags, and the design will be durable.

Brous size: lags for the floor

The length of the bar must approximately 3 cm be less than the width and the length of the room, where the floor is placed. Lagged Length must be less than the length of the room to avoid the deformation of the design, if the temperature differences happen. It's good to make lags from solid materials, but there can be a bar need to lengthen.

Around two elements according to the rules:

Under the splicing site should be supporting elements, for example, pillars;
If neighboring lags are spliced, then the splicing points have relative to each other with a displacement.

The compound must correspond to these conditions, otherwise there may be a threat of low floor stiffness in the very place where the timber is combed. Neighboring lags are spliced \u200b\u200bwith a displacement of meter. This fact affects the size of the bars taken.

Algorithm: Floor laying on lags with your own hands

Stop the wooden lag is needed with the angular part of the room. Then, the first row usually places with a tongue relative to the wall and, in this case, the slot between the wall and the lag should be 1 cm equal to (to avoid wood deformation). Then a number of lag are placed offset relative to the first lag, about several BRUSIV.

So that firmly boards were attached to the ground, you need to knock a lot with a construction hammer tree. For fastening it is necessary. Boards are attached along the wall, fixed with screws. Screws can be on the surface, it does not matter, they will close their plinth.

Tip: How to strengthen sex lags

Here everything is individually, but there are some general rules. For example, if on the same level there are sex lags and a strapping bottom timber, then it can be coppped with rolling brackets with each other, or perforated corners will help. If the lags are located below the strapping bar, then the strut bracket, metallic.

Roughly speaking, the main goal of the amplification is the rigid fixation of the lag of the floor and the bars of the Lower Crown. In this case, when strengthening the flooring, the flooring will stop talked. Also, as an option, you can use the floors to eliminate the cracks, and the gaps simply overlap with the plinths.

Modern technologies in construction are unique opportunities. For many, words such as bridge and polymers, tape floor, GOST, CUMBES, CONNECTIONS, sizes 100x200, or 150x50 say nothing. But already faced with repair know that it is most likely about the field on the lags. Someone just wants to make sex strengthening, and someone needs to be laid new, durable and beautiful. And very often used flooring technology on lags.

Immediately it is worth saying that putting the floor on the lags in many cases is simply the perfect solution. Indeed, this method has many advantages. It is very important that the floor is warm.

Also worth making floors on the lags as:

Noise from the neighbors around the apartment will not penetrate to you;
Installation can be completely made with your own hands;
The cost of sex and work is quite acceptable;
Wires and pipes, not very attractive, but necessary, you can hide under such a floor;
This is an eco-friendly floor.

When you work, the smell in the room will stand very pleasant. For many, by the way, the smell of treated tree is a real antidepressant, which by itself raises the mood and configures to work.

Installation Tools: Lagat Flooring Device

Step-by-step instructions: Installing lag for sex with your own hands

It is necessary to remove the floor level, the quality of the finishing coating will depend on this moment;
All bars must be put in one horizontal plane;
For lifting, bars or plywood lining are used;
Install little, you need to fasten the lags, for this, or screws are used, or they put anchor bolts;
The length of the mounting interval is 70-80 cm, drill the timber, capturing the concrete foundation, spinning the self-tapping screw.

Modern lags for the floor: timber

Such a ventilation gap is necessary - it prevents deformation if the differences of humidity and temperature happen.

What is the distance between the lags of the floor

Dependence can be considered on a pair of examples. For example, the thickness of the floorboard is 30 mm, it means that the interval between lags is half meter. Or a thickness of 40 mm, therefore, the step between lags is 700 mm.

Brous size: lags for the floor

Around two elements according to the rules:

Under the splicing site should be supporting elements, for example, pillars;
If neighboring lags are spliced, then the splicing points have relative to each other with a displacement.

Algorithm: Floor laying on lags with your own hands

Tip: How to strengthen sex lags

How to put lags on the floor (video)

Today, when the floor can be seized, pour, make polymer coatings, use plastic parts, brick splashes, etc., many refuse many repair methods. But sometimes instead of complex and expensive designs require old and proven ways. The same floor on lags, which "make friends" and with wooden, and with a brick house.

Sometimes in the homes of individual buildings you can observe the deflection of the ceilings of the second floor or, which can be found less frequently, the floor on the first floor. There is such a phenomenon due to improper calculations or exceeding the permissible load. How to strengthen the wooden overlap and return the carrying capacity of the floor beams, that is, Lag, you can learn from the article.

Lags are beams that set across the buildings on bricks or reinforced concrete base. Most often, they are a one-piece wooden lap of a square or round section. There is also an economical option when the lags are constructed from fascinated boards.

Flooring on lags has the following advantages:

Attention! When choosing a wooden overlap, you must definitely calculate the section of the beams. Only so they will be securely and for a long time.

Under certain circumstances, lags are required. Do it for several reasons:

With a significant increase in the load on the floor. This happens after re-equipment the attic in the residential attic.
Sometimes carrier beams made of wood are damaged by fungi, insects or rodents.
Initially, the cross section of wooden elements is not properly calculated.
The life of the flooring from the tree is very long, which contributes to the appearance of cracks and other types of destruction of woody breeds.

In order for everything to return to the norm and in the future, there were no deflection, they carry out such manipulation as an increase in lag, and in each case they are suitable for solving the issue in different ways.

Floor strengthening with lining

Enhance the lags in such a way can be in case of detection in wooden structures of a large amount of cracks. The method is suitable and in the case of severe floor deflection. Work using wooden or metal linings is considered simple, but quite reliable.

Attention! Lagges with amplification allow you to significantly increase the load on inter-storey structures and securely exploit them. It does not require tangible investment and repair of large volumes.

Now it is often used special carbon fiber. But it can only be used in the case of complete confidence that the beam is not damaged by the fungus and on the tree the usual cracks. In this case, in order to strengthen the lags, the fiber winds the damaged part and fix it with adhesive composition.

The coarse layer should be from 1 to 5 mm. Its value depends on the state of the crossbar and its future load.

How to strengthen lags with prostheses

A steel farm of small sizes is used as a prosthesis, which is installed on a damaged part of the wooden beam. For its manufacture use a channel or a rod from a metal. The first option is considered more reliable, since the item has standard dimensions, which simplifies the selection.

Attention! The manufacture of a protester from metal rods is better to entrust the expert competent in this matter, since it is necessary to perform a complex calculation.

Very often, the lags are damaged in the area of \u200b\u200bthe bar, which come into contact with the wall. It is these sections that are stronger than all are exposed to change temperatures and high humidity. In this case, wooden and metal prostheses are used for repair at the same time.

Prosthetic amplification is produced according to the following scheme:

In conclusion, the work fixed insert with nails. Sometimes the possibility of gaining beams is completely absent. In such cases, the redistribution of the load on additional elements is used.

Set several supports that will sign lags below.
Increase the number of logs, adding several new newly installed.

Such non-standard solutions can be used only in the event of an increase in the load. At the same time, the lags themselves should not have damage.

Methods for enhancing overlaps between floors are enough to ensure that you can choose the appropriate option. The main thing here is a responsible approach and reasonable calculation.

How to remake Wooden Overlap: Video

For modern technologies for construction and repair of low-rise buildings, the use of techniques for amplifying the designs of the second floor is used quite often. Thanks to the accumulated experience and use of new materials and technologies, many works, including the strengthening of the lag of the second floor, became one of the ordinary operations of repair and restoration work. However, with this, it would seem, the process of existing simplicity requires a detailed study and misceposition of all parameters and operations and the choice of the optimal method of work.

Beams and lags: what is general and what the differences of these concepts

In a private low-rise house building, two-storey houses are quite widespread. As a rule, it is homes of individual two- and three-storey projects and buildings, refurbished by arranging the attic floor. In any case, the inter-storey overlap is equipped in such houses, and flooring is made of second floor.

For houses built with the use and frame-shield technology, yes, actually, and all other buildings, except for those where reinforced concrete slabs are used as an inter-storey overlap, the base of the design is the beams and lags of the floors.

Beams Used in quality bearing ceiling designs , overlapping and bases for installing floor lags. And here lagi- This is nothing more than the beams of the reduced size, which is attached to the boardwalk flooring and the clean floor of the second floor or attic.

Overlapping beams are usually installed perpendicular to the inner bearing wall, the beam supports are the outer bearing wall of the house and the inner bearing wall or simpleness.

The lags of the second floor are fitted perpendicular to the beams of inter-storey overlap. They can be laid directly on beams or have an additional design forming an additional amount of inter-storey overlap.

As baockers Usually used:

Wooden whole beams;

Wooden set of beams;

Metal beams made of brands, channel, pipes or a heateur;

Metal beams in the form of composite farms;

Reinforced concrete beams from the designs of different profiles;

As lag. The floor is commonly used:

Wooden beams;

Bakes from glued structures;

Combined structures made of metal and wood;

Thus, despite the overall similarity and the same principle of use in the design of the building, beams and lags have a different purpose, dimensions and, accordingly, different, although in many ways similar gain methods.

In the classical case of the use of beams of inter-storey overlap and lag of the second floor seats, the design will have the following form:

Overlapping beams from solid wood, rectangular shape, without joints (the cross section depends on the length of the span - the width of the room) are the basis of the design of the interheautable overlap;
The ends of the beam are fixed into the array of opposite bearing walls and are fixed using metal studs or on self-drawing and metal perforated fasteners;
On top of the beams are installed lags of the second floor floor. They are installed perpendicular to beams at the same distance and have a shape and section that ensure reliable fastening of the finish floor boards;
The space between the beams and lags is filled with insulation for noise and thermal insulation of the premises.

Construction of inter-storey overlap

In such a design, designed for a payload of 400-450 kg per square meter, the deformation is considered to be deformed to the 1/300 length of the beam. Simply put, with the length of the beam in 6 meters, the beam has a maximum of about 2 cm. . If the beam rushed to the greater value, the design requires additional strengthening and strengthening.

The beams themselves withstand two types of loads: the first is a static load on the weight of the other elements of overlapping and installed furniture and equipment on them. The second is a dynamic load - arises from moving along the floor of the floor of the second floor of people and the temporary installation of furniture in the central part, when the beams and lags have the greatest load.

To withstand various types of loads and do not succumb to the deformation of the inter-storey overlap design help correctly selected materials, their quality, and the installation method, including the distance between the beams and lags.

Dependence (in miliesther) sections of lags and steps between them from the thickness of the genital boards

Optimal is considered food form of composite lag For Paul I. Composite shape of beams for inter-storey overlap. At the same time, for any species of lag and beams, the main type of deformation affecting the entire design of the house, protrudes in the central part. And that is why the beams and lags located in the center are most often carried out.

When it is necessary to strengthen lags

In construction practice, the strengthening of the lag of the second floor is used in several cases, most often at the construction stage and reconstruction of the building. At the construction stage, the amplification is easier and more convenient, especially since several methods can be applied to this, choosing the most suitable one. When reconstructed, the gain can be made after a complete or partial dismantling of the floor and insulation coating, while the methods of installing additional structures are quite a bit.

Strengthening work is usually held:

To prevent the deformation of inter-storey beams and second floor floors at the construction stage;

To correct defects made in the construction process and detected in the process of building the building;

To replace the wooden structures of the building or structures from other materials deformed or affected by natural pests as a result of the impact of third-party factors.

To enhance the lag when repairing the floor.

Methods and methods of strengthening of the structure in such cases are chosen depending on the volume of work and the degree of deformation of the floor and the most inter-storey overlap. In some cases, the simple strengthening of the lag will not have a proper effect without significant on the volume of work on the restoration of beams, because, aligning the floor of the second floor, sooner or later, the ceiling of the first floor will have to be aligned.

Conducting the floor assessment, it is necessary to objectively assess its condition, because in many cases it is required to replace the deformed floor boards or their alignment, and not an increase in lag.

This method is applicable to enhance the structure of the floor of the second floor, when the beams do not have a deflection, and the lags themselves, based on the calculations, can withstand the estimated load. The essence of this method is to install additional lags in the central part of the room, thus providing the load distribution more evenly, to a greater number of supports.

Most often, the installation of additional lag is carried out in the center of the room by reducing the distance between lags by 25-30%. So, if necessary, establish lags after 0.5 meters, in the central part, the distance is reduced to 0.4 - 0.35 meters.

Standard lags used in the design are used to gain. For the strength between lags, additional spacers are installed from solid segments of boards or metal bar prosthesis, installed crosswise.

Rod metal prostheses to strengthen Lag

The method of installing additional linings and enhancement of lag is possible both at the construction stage and during repair work. For lag from the bar, an increase is most often used with wooden linings and plywood linings or OSB plates.

Wooden lining uses:

To enhance mechanically damaged plots of lag;

To enhance the place of the joint or the traction of the lag;

To create additional strength along the entire length of the lag.

a, B, B - Strengthening lag with wooden lining on bolts, g - enhancing a rod prosthesis

Osb plates and plywood pads are mainly used on places docking segments among themselves and in places where defects are visible or there are minor mechanical damage.

Metal plates can be superimposed on the locations of damage and arresters as the local solution of the problem.

Full strengthening overlays

The installation of linings on the lags along the entire length is carried out with the help of a bolted connection through the body of the linings and lag, with the help of self-samples along the entire length or using a ligament by several mounting wire harnesses.

The installation of the lining is carried out alternately with the temporary fixation of the lining with the help of clamps or screws to the body of the lag.

The drilling of the holes is carried out on the same line. The distance between the junction holes is usually not less than ¼ of the length of the lag. The holes are drilled like this: one in the center, and from the edges at a distance of 1/3 of the height of the lags from the edges of the lag. Such a location of the holes will not give the opportunity to split beams and lags along the length. Bolts must necessarily have washers on both sides - and under the bolt head and under the nut. The tightening is carried out gradually, to a significant resistance of the tree, and the final tightening is alternately, starting with extreme bolts. In this case, the tightening is done evenly on the ¼ turn.

If the lags have fixation of the edges in the brick wall, the hole is necessarily done to the edges of the beams also be fixed in the wall. The processing of additional beams by an antiseptic is carried out before installation on the lags.

If necessary, straighten the flarelined lags, use wooden wedges or a regular automobile hydraulic jack, pressing the lag to the desired level.

Local strengthening of lag designs is mainly used in the fields of joints or communes of Lag. To strengthen these sites, use the layout installation method on one side or installing overlays from two sides of the beams. For a unilateral method, a tree without bitch and visible damage is used, in which case the width and height of the additional element should be equal to the width and height of the lags itself.

Partial strengthening of the lag (on both sides) in the locations of the joints

Fixation is carried out with the help of bolts, screws and nails. The length of the element should be at least the distance between the two beams of inter-storey overlap. Bolted connections are made through, the washers should be wider than nuts and a bolt head 3 times.

Strengthening lags with wooden lining

To fix the joint of the lag with double-sided lining, the use of a bar is allowed narrowing than lag. Usually for this uses boards in 1/2 width of lags. The length of the linings is usually taken at least 1 meter. The screed is also made with bolts or screws.

For lag from glued material or structural wooden heateur, plywood or osp plates are most often used. Such linings are also set in the form of bilateral linings or one-sided enhancement of lag. The fixation of such a compound is carried out using self-samples. The thickness of the plywood element or an element from the OSP plate should be no less than 10-12 mm. The size of the lining for the structural flawer must correspond to the height of the central part.

Strengthening lag plywood

Fixation by self-drawing is made on both sides of the lining. It is important that the tapping screws pass through the thickness of all fastened elements.

Metal linings used to enhance lag houses of the second floor may be:

Piece elements from perforated sheet metal with a thickness of at least 5 mm;

Made of metallic strip of various widths of at least 5 mm thick;

From the shaped tube of a square or rectangular cross section with perforation or welded elements of fasteners;

From a corner or brand.

Piece elements The sheet metal is used to enhance the junctions of the lag. The dimensions of such linings may have both standard indicators and selected depending on the specific case of the compound. The fixation for the joints of the beams of a small height is carried out using self-tapping screws, and if the lags have a height of more than 10 m, then with the help of a bolted connection. Metal pads are used for two-way installation.

Strengthening lag with steel sheets

Metal strip Usually enhances the lags of long-length, while if the bandwidth used for installation is greater than or equal to 50 mm, then the fixation can be both with the help of self-samples and with bolts.

Strengthening lag with metal stripes and chapels from two sides

For lags that need to be strengthened throughout the length, as elements of the design apply shaped metal pipes Square or rectangular section. The installation site of such elements is central lags of premises, where defects are most bright. Pipes are simply fixed to lags over the entire length from one or two sides. The bolts are used for a screed of lags with a height of 80 and more than millimeters. For lag smaller, fixation is carried out using self-samples.

Shaped metal pipes can be used to enhance wooden lags

Corners Most often apply to installation at the bottom of the lags, reinforcing it from the deflection from the bottom. For this, the corner of 30 * 30, 45 * 45 or 60 * 60 mm is breeded below the lags and fasten using self-screws into the holes drilled in the corner.

Strengthening lags with corners

Tavr Various size can be attached both on the side and below the lag. The mounting method depends on the width and height of the lag.

The use of metal for installation of the lag found its application relatively recently. Mainly metal structures in low-rise construction are used as beams of inter-storey floors. At the same time, the TAVR, the channel and the 2-ways are often used as the base for fastening the wooden elements and serve excellent lags for the first floor.

The nature of the changes and deformations in such structures, as a rule, does not differ from the wooden lag - the deflection in the central part of the room is also characteristic of metal elements.

Methods for enhancing such structures depend on which space can be used to install additional elements. If under metal lags there are beams of inter-storey overlap, then, in such a case, it is possible to use the following methods:

Installation of additional structures in the form of farms;

Raising the rose plot and install an additional supporting rack under it;

Installation of additional lag from a more stable form of metal rolling.

Installation additional design in the form farms made of pipes, corners or reinforcement it will ensure the rigidity and reliability of the lag. For this purpose, the farms of a triangular or rectangular farm with diagonal stiffeners are used.

In the event that it is possible to strengthen the place of deformation by the stand under the place of the greatest deflection extra rack With a support for the beam of the inter-storey overlap, this method will ensure the easiest and most effective gain method. True, it should be borne in mind that the beams of overlappings must withstand loads from such an increase.

Than you can strengthen the lags of the second floor

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