How and how to align concrete floor: modern technologies and materials. Floor alignment: how the finish mixture is prepared, the instruction for filling the concrete floor by the self-leveling mixture with their own hands as and how to level the floors

The attractiveness of the floor covering depends on whether they remained on the basis of irregularities and other defects or not. If its surface is not perfect smooth, then the flooring will reflect all the flaws of the base: potholes, differentials, roughness and other disadvantages. Therefore, before the finishing flooring, it is necessary to make the base even and smooth. Today we will tell about the technology of alignment of concrete floor in the apartment.

Floor alignment methods

There are several ways to align the floor:

with a cement or concrete screed;
using self-leveling mixtures (bulk sex);
alignment floor plywood.

Clean the base from the garbage.
Gaps and cracks are covered.
Straighten the surface. The primer helps the self-leveling mixture is better to adhere to the surface and is evenly distributed across the floor.
Mix the solution according to the instructions, pouring a dry mixture into water, and not vice versa so that there are no lumps.

The solution retains its fluidity for half an hour. If the solution begins to harden, it is no longer suitable for leveling the base, and it is impossible to add water to the finished mixture.

These include:

Laser level - accurate and easy to use. The error is small, only 1-2mm / m. The laser level is harmful to the eye, so before its use you should wear safety glasses.

Level - Used by professionals of construction business, because this geodesic tool requires knowledge and skills in its use.

Today we talked about floor alignment technologies in the apartment, the devices and tools required to measure the curvature of the floor. What technology you apply will depend on the conditions, from the shortcomings, the irregularities of your foundation. We hope that smooth and beautiful sex will delight you for a long time, attracting the attention of friends and acquaintances, causing their admiring glances.

If you produce overhaul, both in the room and in the whole apartment, then surely you can not do without floor alignment procedure. Floor alignment is an integral part of major repairs, because it is unlikely that the floor in your apartment will be even, especially if the house is built for a long time. Also without alignment of the floor to lay the new floor covering is illogical. That is why we want to stay in more detail on the issue of alignment of the floor.

The content of the article:

Floor alignment methods

Floor alignment is the very first procedure for repair, of course, after all preparatory actions. Thus, leveling the floor is necessary until the ceiling and wall alignment. To align the floor there are several ways, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages, and we describe them so that you can choose that version of the alignment that makes the most suitable for your room.

So, today there are three ways to align the floor:

Alignment with a bulk gender;

Alignment of floating floor.

Let's briefly describe all these options for alignment of the floor, disassembled their "pros" and "minuses", as well as told which of the options to use in one way or another.

Floor alignment by lighthouses

This alignment variant received such a name in view of the fact that for alignment to the floor, lighthouses are initially stacked and recorded - metal rails, in terms of which the screed is aligned. Floor alignment by lighthouses is the most common level of alignment, it is most often used to align the floor of large rooms: hall, bedrooms and kitchens. The advantage of this method of alignment is a high-quality, durable and smooth surface that can be achieved even with large surface irregularities. The disadvantage is that drying the screed may be from 10 to 30 days, everything will depend on temperature and humidity indoors, as well as from the screed layer. If you want to make repairs as quickly as possible, then this method is not particularly suitable for you.

Floor alignment by lighthouses The best way to align laminate and linoleum laying, as it is for laying these floor coverings a perfectly smooth surface is needed.

Alignment of the floor surface using the level solution - the easiest and easiest way to align the floor. The essence of this alignment lies in the fact that with the help of a rare special solution on a cement basis, you flood the floor, thanks to the specific feature of such a mixture, it is evenly spreading along the floor, which ultimately create a smooth surface. In contrast to the previous method, the leveling of the bulk floor is faster in time: both in the level of alignment and the time of drying the screed, since its layer is several times less than a layer of screed when aligning the floor by lighthouses.

It is worth noting that a layer of bulk sex should be at least 3rd millimeters. The maximum height of the liquid floor layer should not exceed 35 millimeters. Therefore, if the level of irregularities is very large, that is, the plane of the floor plate leaves one of the sides, and from the top floor level to the bottom more than 35mm, then in this case this method does not fit.

The indisputable advantage of floor alignment using a self-arguing mixture is rapidly, as it does not need a lot of time. This is a great way to level minor irregularities of the floor surface, as well as for filling a warm floor. In addition, this method is the cheapest, which makes it, in essence, the most optimal. The deficiency of the bulk gender is one - it cannot be used at large floor irregularities.

The last way of alignment of the floor is its extension. The essence of this method is that wooden lags are mounted on the floor, with the help of which a smooth plane is created, after which the boards or sheets of plywood are fixed.

This method of alignment of the floor is best suited for the first floors of buildings, as well as for cottages and cottages. The advantage of this method is that with the extension of the floor, the empty space can be filled with thermal insulating material, which will allow the floor to be insulated. It is also an excellent option if you need any communication, such as autonomous heating pipes. The method is more painful even compared to alignment by beacons, but will allow the floor level to raise the height.

Paul alignment when laying tiles

In addition to listed alignment methods, you should mention the alignment of the floor when laying the tile. This method is, in fact, is not a full way, that is why we did not mention it above, but not to mention it is impossible. It is used in the irregularities of the floor surface, but not a plane.

The essence of the alignment of the floor when laying the tile is that with a slight slope or irregularities of the floor surface, it is possible to align it when laying a tile by adding a larger amount of solution on its base. To do this, you will simply need to find the lowest floor area and the highest, then it is necessary to calculate on which height it will be necessary to raise the level of the tile in a particular field of the floor with respect to the upper point.

Floor level measurement and alignment preparation

In order to choose the floor alignment method and calculate the required amount of material, you need to measure the floor level. In order to make measurements, it is necessary to dismantle the old flooring, otherwise it will not be a sense of measurements. When the floor is ready, we make it test for the presence of irregularities.

It is worth noting that the floor can be uneven for two reasons: due to the irregularities of the floor plate or when it is wrong (curve) laying during the construction of the house. Most often there are both types of irregularities. That is, in most houses the surface of the floor slab is uneven, and it is laid crookedly.

To measure the floor level, you will need a long level, with which it is necessary to check the level of all sections of the floor. First, check the presence of irregularities on the plate itself, then its plane. Mark the highest point of the floor level and the lowest.

If the slab's slope or its surface have minor irregularities, the maximum amplitude of the drops or the slope of which does not exceed 35mm, then we recommend to level the floor with a bulk sex. If the irregularities of significant or stove "goes out" into one of the parties, then the only way that will help solve the problem - alignment by lighthouses. When you have determined how the floor level will be raised, check if it is possible, since as a result, a balcony or door can not be opened in the room, or it will also be necessary to raise the battery radiator. Therefore, before performing any actions to align the floor - think over and solve all the nuances.

In some cases, if the floor plane itself is smooth, and there are, permiss, irregularities in the joints of the floor slabs due to the fact that the seam is not careful, then irregularities can be knocked down the perforator and then this part can be fired by cement.

As a mixture for floor alignment, you can use both ordinary cement, mixing it in the desired proportions with sand and special mixtures that are specifically designed to align the floors.

How to align concrete floor

How to align the floor by lighthouses

Before aligning the floor, it must be carefully fascinated, after which it is necessary to treat the primer layer. In order to align the floor by lighthouses, we will need metal perforated corners. Laying beacons is made along the room. The first lighthouse is laid at a distance of 30cm from the wall, follow-up - at a distance of 100cm from each other. The last beacon must also be laid at a distance of 30cm from the wall. To fix beacons, we will need cement or gypsum solution.

So, put lighthouses along the room, if necessary, pon them in size. Then, hardly "slap" movements, we bring the solution with a step in 20-25 cm. Lighthouses are put on the solution and leveled in terms of level. As soon as the beacons grabbed a bit - emptiness between the floor and lighthouses are also filled with a solution. When the beacons are leveled - we give them firmly to fix and then proceed to the alignment of the floor.

To align the concrete floor, you need to prepare a mortar on a cement basis, it is necessary to drain the mixture to the so-called bittenness of sour cream, note that the mixture should not be too rare, since it will be hard to align, besides, it will dry even longer. The too thick mixture is also unnecessary to do, as it will be very difficult for you to smooth the surface of the screed - it will be loose.

Floor alignment is starting from a long corner, moving towards the exit. We produce the fill from the first and second rows at the same time, in view of the fact that the first row is only 30cm, and at the end we do the same with the latest and the last few sectors. The finished part of the mixture applies to the sector, and is evenly distributed to the trowel, in order to eliminate the formation of voids inside the screed. After that, the rule, putting him by an edge, leading according to the beacons, align the part of the sector filled with mortar. First, the rule move towards yourself, from side to side, and when you have achieved a flat surface, then the last time we carry out the rule for the beacons smoothly. In the same way, make further alignment of the concrete floor. It is important to note that each subsequent fill produce very carefully, since due to the different consistency of the cement mortar, irregularities can be formed in the places of influx, it is necessary to monitor.

When the floor is aligned, give the tie to dry, and we can proceed to further repair work. To the floor dried faster in winter, you can turn on the heater. In general, this procedure is best spent in the summer, the screed will completely dry in a couple of days.

Equaling with a bulk sex

The alignment of the floor by self-leveling mixture begins with cleansing its surface. When the concrete base is cleaned, you need to thoroughly predict the surface of the floor using a special primer used for bulk floors.

Then we drag the self-leveling mixture in such proportions as indicated on the package. Despite the fact that the consistency of the mixture allows it to spread independently on the floor, it must be labeled with a needle roller to remove possible air bubbles inside the mixture. The height of the needle of this roller should be greater than the height of the leveling mixture. The flooded space must be thoroughly rolled with roller in different directions. After that, we can height dry, as a rule, for this you need a few hours.

Alignment of floating floor

If you want to warm up the floor, or raise its level, then the best option - the extension of the floor with the help of wooden lag, it is also called the floor alignment of the plywood. The advantage of this method is obvious, since this is the only light way to raise the floor level in which you can insulate its foundation, as well as to carry out communication within it.

In order to align the floor with this method, you must first examine its surface. If there are any slots or holes, for example, in the corners, they must be seen. Then you need to predict the surface of the floor. After the primer is dry, proceed to laying a vapor barrier film that needs to be laid with an allowance to the wall with a height of equal to the height of the recent floor. Between the sheets of film must be glued with scotch. After that, go to the laying of the lag.

For laying the lag, you need to know the level of lagging, and also determine which height will be raised by the floor. Lags can be attached both on an anchor and on special metal plates - the method of attachment to choose you. To fix the level of the lag and so that they do not bend, they need to put wooden or plastic wedges to which lags are fixed with self-draws. Take lags along the room, 5cm from the wall, with a step in 50cm. When lags are laid, they must be fixed to the floor.

The next stage of work is the laying of the insulation in the sector between the lags. Use the sheets of glass winds as insulation. Sheets of glass whales must be chopped by the size of the sectors, leaving several excess letters of the allowance so that they come closely in the sector. After that, there are either wooden boards, or plywood, fixing them on the self-tapping screw.

In the first video you can clearly familiarize yourself with the floor alignment procedure using lighthouse leveling.

If you want to align the floor by self-leveling mixture, then this method is disclosed in this video.

Neither finally the third way of alignment of the floor, with the help of its extension. This method is somewhat different from the proposed us and more suitable for alignment of the balcony floor, but some highlights you can borrow for yourself.

It is equally relevant for apartment owners in old houses, and for the inhabitants of new buildings. The first is looking for an answer because the basic coating in their residential premises is in a deplorable state due to the already large operational periods (yes, perhaps, it never was good, even during the years of her "youth"), but the second you need to know this The reason that, despite the application of new technologies, the quality of the finish even in the newly donated buildings is still far from the ideal. While modern flooring requires sometimes almost smooth surface. How to create acceptable conditions for them? What to do? How to align the concrete floor and how best to do it? You will find all these questions in our review.

We estimate the existing surface and choose a new floor covering

It is worth noting that the alignment procedure can sometimes be quite expensive and quite long. That is why, in order to reduce material and temporary expenses, you need to be able to correctly assess the situation. That is, carefully inspect the reason and decide which floor covering will be applied. As for the first. The base surface may be different. Sometimes it is in full of decent state with the exception of some places covered by cracks. Or there are only small protrusions and depressions. In such cases, you can do with low blood, by overgrowing the floor locally, as they say, according to the testimony. If there are significant defects on the base coating, as well as huge height differences, it will be necessary, naturally, roving from the angle to the angle. Now it concerns finishing materials. Some floor coverings are very demanding to the base. Take the same laminate. Even a minor difference in some five millimeters is able to reduce all work on finishing. Laminate laminated on this basis can simply be simply deformed and crap on the seams. While the linoleum is not terrible defects. So it is from the choice of the finishing floor covering and directly the very state of the basic base and must be repelled, staying in search of a response to the question of how and how to align the concrete floor.

Obvious options that require elimination

So, what concrete floor is subject to alignment? To put in order must necessarily have a foundation having:

Roughness, chips, various cracks.
All sorts of protrusions or pit, which are noticeable with visual inspection.
SCOS or drops in height.

Depending on the existing defects, choose a method of alignment and the material necessary for work.

Types of alignment

If the floor does not have special drops in height, but has some defects of the type of cracks, they are close using their own composition or epoxy concrete, while conducting some prerequisites for the preparation of the base. Local protrusions and pits close up in the same way. Height differences are eliminated by dry screed, alignment on lighthouses or by bulk composition.

Get rid of cracks

Such defects may appear both on the old basis and on the recently filled, if the steps or requirements of the technological process were violated. Therefore, know how to get rid of cracks on the concrete floor, you need to each master. So, it's impossible to smell them from above. First, you need to carefully catch the entire surface of the crack, and a very peculiar way - it is necessary to cut the chisel to the defect with the help of a hammer as deeply as possible. Thanks to this procedure, first, you will be able to detect hidden chip defects, and secondly, create the desired gap for the mixture. After the preparatory work is carried out, you need to diligently remove all pieces of concrete, clean the cavities from dirt and dust, pour water. After drying, the entire surface must be projected. Perfect for these purposes the composition Grund. After that, you need to mix with water cement M400 brand. The solution must have a consistency of liquid sour cream. And then you should add liquid glass or PVA glue. The amount of additional ingredient should be equal to the volume of the prepared mixture. Then you need to pour cracks with the resulting solution, wait for drying and sticking the surface. Very small cracks can not be expanded, but simply close them with tiled glue of any brand, pre-forgetting to trust.

Close up of pits

If the floor surface is quite smooth, then the screed is not fully needed. Just just get rid of pits. For this, their walls and bottom need to be treated with a grinder to remove chips and fragile layers. After that, the pit should be cleaned from pieces of concrete, dirt and dust, pour water, after drying to progress. On the bottom you need to pour a dry small-piece crushed stone with a rather thin layer, and then close the defect with epoxy concrete. The domestic composition "Glain" is perfect for these purposes. I pour them to a pit so that the solution does not reach the top of the centimeter for two. After drying (approximately an hour), we compare the surface with a special putty on concrete. Experts recommend paying attention to the brand "Elac-ED".

As for the buggers, they are enough to sile with a grinding machine, clean, harvest, and then align the surface with the help of the same "elacra".

Dry screed

How and how can the concrete floor can be aligned if there is little time at the disposal and do not really want to mess with solutions? Make a dry tie. This procedure is quite simple, so practically any domestic master can cope with it. The principle is next. The base base is thoroughly cleaned from dirt and dust. Then the waterproof film is laid on it (you can use the usual thick polyethylene). Then over the entire surface layer with a thickness of five centimeters, a dry leveling mixture is poured. It can be made of crumbs, granulate, the sand of quartz or even polystyrene foam. And on top already laid on the lags and fasten with self-stakes or Phaneru, or Fiberboard sheets, or moisture-resistant plasterboard. But it is best to use special sheet material for these purposes called "Super Poll". After a dry screed, you can almost immediately lay the finish flooring. It is the home masters that experts recommend primarily considering this method, since it is possible to align the concrete floor with their own hands with this method without any problems.

Screed in lighthouses

Since it is sometimes impossible to align the floor with the help of less costly methods, it will have to consider such a way as the fill of the new floor using lighthouses. As for the financial side of the issue, it is not so terrible, but the procedure will require significant costs. In addition, in this case you need to have at least minimal skills of working with lighthouses and cement mortar. What should be done? First of all, clean and rebuilt the base. Then to mark the markup, it is desirable using a laser level, and pull between the walls in the direction from the window to the door of the thread orientation for the beacons. And then, to install perforated guides on them on the floor, using cement (plaster) mortar. The step between each lighthouse should not be more than one meter. After that, it is necessary to prepare the M400 cement solution (the amount of water will be indicated on the package), pour it between the installed profiles and align the rule, moving backwards from the window to the door. Such a screed dries sufficiently long, in addition, the first three days it must be made with water. However, this method is quite budget and allows you to get a really smooth and durable coating. Therefore, if you have a sufficient number of time and do not know, for example, how to align the concrete floor under the laminate, take it into service this method.

As for the beacons, some masters remain them inside. However, experts recommend still to get a profile, and emptiness is chopped with tile glue. It is perfect for these purposes budget, but because the luxury is no less durable.

Self-leveling floor

If the height difference is no more than five centimeters, and there are free funds available, the leveling mixture for concrete floor is perfect for the arrangement of the base surface. She is quite expensive, but it's easy to work with it, in addition, the alignment procedure does not take much time. As for technology, it is necessary to start, as always, with preparation. The basic base is required to clean and primed. Then you need to mark up the laser level, drawing on the walls of the line for which the upper borders of the new floor will be held. After that, it is required to mix the solution according to the instructions placed on the package. The best mixes for alignment, according to experts, these are selfiethlers Ceresit CN 69 and Ceresit CN 68, Vetonit 3000, EK FT03 FINISH. Many masters praise and more budgetary domestic mixtures produced under the brand "prospectors. So, the alignment is starting from a long angle, pouring the solution to the floor and aligning the coating (according to the marked marks) first by the rule, and after a special roller with needles.

How to align concrete floor under laminate

Laminate is, perhaps, the most capricious floor covering, which requires almost perfectly even grounds. What is better to align the concrete floor under it? By and large, in this case, any of the three methods described above will suit. However, there is another option. You can try to align the concrete floor of the plywood. Unlike the same tile, laminate when laying does not require the use of the solution, so that the presence of wooden sheets under this coating will not affect the quality of the base base. And the alignment method itself is quite simple and fast. The concrete base is cleaned of dirt, it is ground, after which the sheets of plywood moisture resistant (thicknesses in 10 mm will be sufficient), and in the same principle, as well as laminate (so that the seams of the elements did not coincide, but were in a checker order) . After that, another layer is laid, but so that his joints do not coincide with those of the lower layer. This plywood is already attached to the lower sheets of self-draws. After laying, you need to walk along the seams with a grinding machine for the purpose of final alignment of the draft floor.

A few words about the loggia

On loggia you can also apply all the methods described above. However, quite attractive many experts consider the alignment in this concrete floor with the help of the same plywood, but on the lags. What do they determine their choice? By the fact that thanks to this method, you can additionally insulate the floor of the loggia, having paved between the lags the corresponding material. Say, foam, mineral wool. Or a professional, but more expensive insulation Tekhnonikol.

... about the garage

It is quite clear that in this room no one places laminate or parquet. The floor here usually makes concrete. Basic requirements for the foundation - so that it is even. And, of course, durable. How to align best to do and then cover it with a special layer of the hardensier - the so-called topping, which will protect the surface from destruction. Caparol-Disbon, Neodur (Korodur), MasterTop (BASF) and Domestic "Herculite" and Reflorine are considered the best compositions.

... and about ceramics

If it is planned to lay ceramic tiles to concrete and the base itself is not particularly curved, you can align the floor in the process by adding a greater or smaller amount of tile glue under level control. True, this method is applicable only if the differences are not more than three centimeters. In addition, if you decide to resort to this method, you need to buy only high-quality, with improved characteristics, for example, intended for ideally suitable for these purposes "Ceresit".

Conclusion

We tried to tell enough about how and the better to align the concrete floor in one way or another. In addition, they also affected the issues of alignment technology, named the brands of the best materials used in this type of work. We hope now you can easily choose the appropriate option for your specific case. After all, you already know no worse than any professional, how and how to align the concrete floor.

Paul alignment - The mandatory stage during repair and finishing works followed by the installation of the flooring. Why compulsory? The fact is that the floors lose the original shape over time - there are convexities, gaps and cracks in them.

If you wish to update the appearance of the room and lay, for example, laminate or carpet, this not such a noticeable initially defect becomes a serious obstacle to the embodiment of the cherished target. The only exit from the current situation becomes the alignment that can be carried out independently.

Floor alignment mixtures

Aligning mixtures form a screed having a lot of advantages. First of all, it is:

the possibility of mounting any floor coatings (linoleum, tile, parquet board, etc.);
immaculate adhesion with a substrate;
high strength;
environmental friendliness;
low abrasability;
simplicity laying;
lack of shrinkage;
unpretentiousness in subsequent care (there is no need for daily watering);
set of fortress for several days.

Classification of mixes

Mixtures for alignment are divided into leveling and self-leveling. First - it is necessary to smoke manually. High viscosity indicators allow you to get a thick screed and equip bias. The second - due to high yields create a smooth horizontal surface with almost no active human participation. By the way, they can be called in different ways: levels, self-alignment, bulk floors, self-confined solutions - the fantasy of the averages does not know the obstacles.

Distinguish self-leveling mixtures for primary and finishing applies. The difference is in the size of the fractions. Solutions for primary application consist of large particles, and therefore, it is not necessary to talk about a smooth surface. The finish mixtures include small fractions and provide an opportunity to get a smooth horizontal screed.

Conditions necessary for applying

Not everyone knows that when working with aligning mixtures, several important rules should be observed, on which the quality of the coating is depends. First of all, you need to close the windows and doors. Air movements during work and during the next 24 hours above the surface of the floor should not be felt.
The temperature of the base, as well as the room temperature, should vary from +5 to +25 degrees. No more. As for relative humidity, the maximum allowable mark is 90%.

Rules of dilution

In the prepared container pours warm water. Not hot - otherwise the mixture quickly grab and achieve a smooth surface will not work. Dry the mixture is added in small portions, stirring a drill with a special nozzle running on low revs.
Water should be as much as indicated on the package. The amateurness of the fraught and leads to foaming, poor solidification, stise bundle. Bringing to dilution should only after the final preparation of the foundation. Consider the active participation of the assistant - necessarily. Until you apply a solution, your healthy prepares a new portion.

Floor alignment methods

There are several types of alignment, the choice of one way or another depends on the deadlines allocated to work, the floors of the floor level, the features of the sound insulation device. So, consider the most popular alignment options.

cement-sand - The easiest way to prepare a draft floor. If the budget is limited, then it is worth a preference to the screed on a polymer basis (cement, sand, PVA). The screed is made in the beacons, after it is frozen from above, a thin layer of glue or self-leveling mixture is applied;

dry screed - It becomes recently the more popular method of flooring. At the heart is not a new bulk principle. Dry floor screed has a lot of advantages, among which, first of all, it is necessary to highlight the speed of laying, high thermal insulation properties, the possibility of laying cable, film electric heaters and a small weight.

The technology of laying difficulties does not represent the only condition - to comply with the sequence.

1. Flooring steam and moisture insulator (polyethylene film or pergamine). It is necessary to label (20 cm), along the edges, the material rises about 5-6 cm. To ensure sound insulation, it should be left around the perimeter of the bezards walls (10 mm), which are sampled by a special tape.
2. Lay out the bulk component (clay, sand, fine-grained slags). Fasting layer thickness - about 4 cm, with significant irregularities - up to 6 cm.

3. Align the backbone. Then lay out on the rammed surface of the chipboard, GVL, waterproof Phaneur. Sheets are mounted with glue and self-drawing.

self-leveling floors - The optimal solution to the problem of the preparation of the draft surface. They are durable, easy to perform and will be a real salvation for those who decided to align the floor under laminate or linoleum with their own hands. So, the features of technology.

1. Clean the floor and degrease it with a cleaning agent, dismantle the plinths, close the slit bar.
2. Fill in potholes with mortar, scatter.
3. On the length of the room in accordance with the length of the rule, swipe the lines and screw the screws in terms of 30 cm in increments.
4. Using a laser level, determine the highest point based on the highest point, add the bulk floor thickness to it and perpendicularly made by screw screws. For lighthouses near each screw, lay out alabaster.
5. According to the instructions, mix the mixture with water and after the dough for homogeneity - boldly pour the solution to the area of \u200b\u200bno more than 2 m2.
6. Rule crush the mixture for beacons. Come on the surface with a needle roller.

Wooden floor alignment

The wooden floor quickly surrenders the crushing power of the time - strifting and loses its original shape. But even in the very difficult case, when the floor dissipates right in front of, you can find the output - the correct method of alignment. Consider the options for eliminating defects in more detail.

1. Cyclical - time-consuming, but effective way to equalize the agony. It is advisable if only lacquer is planned, without flooring flooring. Cyclishing is carried out manually or mechanically. In fairness it is worth noting that the manual method is less effective, so it is better to arma with the cyclical installation.

preparing the room - cover your furniture with a film, remove the curtains, we endure unnecessary interior items;
we explore the surface for the detection of nails, carpet buttons and other fasteners. When finding such - either delete, or blend the hats below the floor level;
we do in protective clothing (remember about mittens and headphones) and proceed to work;
we start cyclish from the corner, moving around the room snake. After the upper layer is removed, put the holes with putty and take a break - we are waiting for its full polymerization;
difficult areas are processed by a manual cyclic;
after completion of the work, we remove dust and sawdust with the industrial vacuum cleaner. It remains to wipe the floor with lint-free matter moistened in White Alcohol, and put the lacquer.

2. Alignment by self-leveling mixtures It becomes necessary if on the finished, the old floor is required to lay the coating.

repeat the surface again (we cut the hats, springing boards fix with self-draws). Grind the floor. When voids are detected - fill them with an acrylic-based putty;
we apply moisture-proof primer, which will ensure the necessary adhesion of the tree and the building solution;
walls around the perimeter cleaner insulating material. Do not forget to create a deformation seam made of polystyrene foam;
water level determine the level of future bulk sex. In the doorway, install a wooden bar;
breeping to the floor reinforced mesh with a pioneer of 6 cm;
according to the instructions, we prepare the mixture, let it be stirred. We pour the solution on the grid, we remove bubbles with a rubber roller and recall the surface (rule, rubber spatula or mop);
drying time depends on the composition of the mixture. Information about this can be found on the package.

Alignment of the wooden floor by self-leveling mixture leads to an increase in the floor level. This fact should be taken into account when conducting construction events.
3. Wooden floor alignment plywoodguarantees smooth black floor. The method is most justified if it is necessary to lay laminate. Plywood is purchased with a thickness of 12 mm, class 4/4 and higher.

install the lighthouses (self-tapping screws). Then begin to lay lags with a width of 30 cm, the emptiness is closing the bars of plywood. Confirm them with glue or self-drawing;

we are preparing plywood sheets - we divide the standard sheet into 4 parts. Sleeping must be neat - bundles and chips should not be;
phaneur laid with offset to avoid intersection of seams at one point. Cut the sheets by paying due attention to the form of the floor in places of arches and protrusions;
freedy Phaneru with a secret hat and a fastener fastener.

Ready. If it was planned to align the wooden floor under the laminate, then you can proceed to the arrangement of the substrate, if under the linoleum - to grinding and varnishing.

Wooden floor alignment: video

Alignment of the concrete floor without the help of hired specialists is not so complicated if approaching it "armed" certain knowledge. We will understand how you can perform this process yourself.

Why do you want to level the floors?

Outdoor concrete coating Nowadays can be seen in commercial premises, and industrial facilities, and in residential rooms. It has a lot of useful characteristics, but to use them is obtained only when concrete bases are qualitatively aligned. The most common defects of floors from concrete are the following flaws:

small "waves", called zyaby, which appear after the rule;
smooth repeated changes in the floor level - wave differences;
enhance (local) floor levels - influx.

With prolonged operation of poor-quality equipped concrete grounds, cracks, as well as cavity and lenses - lowering (local) floor levels are often formed. Sometimes on its surface, protruding slices of rubble filler appear, which indicate the destruction of the coating. All voiced defects lead to irregularities on the floor, which are able to cause human injury, the impossibility of a reliable installation of equipment used in everyday life and in the kitchen, furniture.

And from aesthetic point of view, uneven floor covering, you see, does not attach the premises of beauty. To avoid these inconvenience, the literate alignment of the floor is required with their own hands. Such a procedure conducted qualitatively, in addition, will make it possible to achieve a high level of noise, hydro and thermal insulation of the floor covering. The alignment of the concrete base is carried out by arranging a screed, which can be made with a wet or dry way.

In the first case, it is mandatory to use a special composition for alignment with the addition of water. With a dry method for applied dry mixtures. The choice of optimal technology for each specific case is based on the state of the initial flooring and the height differences available on the floor of the room. Usually, cement-sand formulations, "dry" compositions and self-leveling mixtures are used for screed. About them and talk further.

Cement-sand composition - classic alignment

The screed based on sand and cement is considered a classic and very effective way of giving floors of the desired "evenness." It is recommended for the premises where the platform level difference is five or more centimeters. The technology of the cement-sand tie is characterized by certain difficulties and the high complexity of the process.

But it can be performed independently in any residential room - in the bedroom, corridor, in the kitchen, and be confident in the strength and excellent reliability of the resulting coating. It is only important to remember that the thickness of the prepared mixture should be at least three centimeters. With a lesser thickness, the strength indicators of the screed will be unsatisfactory. Tell how to align the concrete floor with a mixture of sand, cement and water.

First you need to remove all dirt from it and accumulated dust, erase stains from oil solutions that were used when performing construction or repair work. Then the waterproofing material is stacked on the floor - it can be any. At this stage, it is important to smoke the joints of waterproofing well, and leave the allowances near the walls. Next, beacons are installed using the level. For their installation, the profiles of metal are used, fixed on the floor by plaster solidification solutions.

Between the guides of the executed "frame", the distance takes to one meter, not more. With a larger distance, it will be difficult to pour it on the mixture. The sand-cement mixture is prepared from cement M-300, conventional sand and water. Now, no one does this solution. Some more convenient to buy dry ready-made mixes and add water to them for the proportions that are recommended by the material manufacturer.

Stir the composition is very carefully. It is best to do a construction mixer. The finished solution should not be spread, but at the same time on an even base, it is obliged to break slightly. Note - the mixture is applied after stirring for 60-90 minutes (otherwise it simply hardens). Moreover, it is necessary to prepare it immediately to the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room.

Cement-sand tie - we work carefully

The prepared solution is beginning to fill the room between the beacons from the far corner. It is necessary to immediately jump the composition after applying each individual portion, using the rule. Move it to yourself, not from myself. The rule should also be "scattered" the mixture on the sides (some rolls it exclusively along the guides, which is incorrect) to achieve a good sealing of the screed layer and filling out existing voids.

Professionals also advise to calculate the applied metallic rod of a small diameter. Such a simple action will avoid the risk of the appearance of air emptiness in the screed. If the mixture of sand and cement makes a large thickness, it is desirable to strengthen the reinforcement of the reinforcement from the convenient (existing one) material. In addition, it is recommended to cut special seams in it (they are called shrinkage) every 250-300 cm. Long interruptions when laying cement-sand composition should be avoided.

If you are noting, "cold seams" will be guaranteed on the surface. They will significantly reduce the strength indicators of the finished layer. For this reason, the alignment of the floor should be performed not alone, but with an assistant. Putting the entire cement-sandy solution, it is left for 24 hours, and then with the help of a pulverizer or a roller for painting work is carefully wetted. After 48-60 hours it will be necessary to check how well it grabbed.

After that, the screed is again moisturized and placed on it a polyethylene film. It protects the floor from rapid drying, fraught with cracks. Over the next 7-8 days, once a day, it is necessary to clean the screed with water. And then the film is cleaned and leave the floor to dry in vivo for another 1-2 weeks. On the card performed in the kitchen or in another room, you can safely lay the floor covering that you chose. But first make sure that the screed is performed efficiently.

If everything was done correctly, the floor surface has a homogeneous gray color, and when climbing it from a tree, it makes the same sound in all parts of the room. We hope that we explained quite clearly how to align the concrete floor by applying a wet mix of sand and cement. This technique can be used in all accommodations of housing, including in the kitchen and even on the street (on open verandahs, terraces). We add that the finished surface is allowed to be additionally polished. This procedure does not make sense to produce if the coating was done on the street. But for residential rooms, it will not be superfluous.

Grinding is performed by a special unit (machine), which quickly and high qualityly aligns all minor irregularities.

Dry screed - how to align floors without water?

More "clean" alignment of the floor with their own hands is carried out with the help of mixtures consisting of granulate, quartz sand, crumples or polystyrene foam, and DVP, chipboard, dry-fiber moisture-resistant sheet materials or conventional plywood. Such a screed sounds additionally and insulates the room, so it is used in the kitchen or hall in the apartments of multi-storey houses. Alone to make this alignment is easy to even very far from the construction of a person.

Advantages of dry screed:

fast operation and the possibility of laying the selected floor coating immediately after the end of the leveling operations;
no need to use water to mix the solution;
it is allowed to install engineering communications inside the screed;
works can be done without helpers, performing them gradually on small areas of individual areas of the room.

In addition, the dry screed makes it possible not to take care of the need for additional arrangement of the systems of sound and thermal insulation of the floor.

The scheme how to align the concrete floor according to this technology is as follows:

the base is thoroughly cleaned;
the waterproofing material is stacked - a 50 micron film from polyethylene (before it is desirable to prejudice the surface);
scatter dry mixture on the film and evenly distribute it;
put the plywood, sheets of gypsum or chipboard, bonding them with each other with glue and self-drawing;
ground the resulting screed and remove excessive film (cutting off its protruding parts).

Works are performed fast enough. The problem you may have only so that the sheets are forbidden to move along the layer of the leveling dry material. So, it is required to put them on the scheduled place from the first time.

Bulk floors - an affordable and convenient method of alignment

If in your kitchen or in another room, the floor level difference is relatively small - up to three centimeters, it is recommended to align their special mixtures that themselves diverge on the surface. Similar compositions today are very popular. They are manufactured on the basis of cement, in which additive modifiers, increasing the fluidity of the solution.

Such self-leveling coatings cannot be operated "bare" - without flooring on them ceramic tiles, PVC materials, linoleum, corks or carpet. If you decide to use, for example, in the kitchen, be sure to make their finishing finish with the specified materials. Otherwise, they will actively absorb oils and various liquids.

How to align the floor with your own hands using a self-adjustable composition? It is completely easy. Adhere to this scheme:

read the foundation - remove dirt from it, vacuuming, close even the smallest holes and cracks;
clean the primer (special primer composition) surface;
prepare the manufacturer's instructions a small portion of the mixture (it becomes unsuitable for use after 15-20 minutes);
apply with 30-50-centimeters by width strips, self-leveling solution on the floor and distribute it with a spatula.

Now just wait until the mixture does not completely freeze (from 6 to 24 hours).

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