Ski racing classic move. Types of skiing for ski training lessons

In which participants - athletes need to overcome the competitive distance skiing, while having overtaken their rivals.

The first competitions in running on speed among skiers took place in 1767 in Norway. Then, the experiment of Norwegians followed Finns and Swedes, but this was just beginning. Already in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the passion for ski races has spread throughout the world, and in 1924, FIS was created - the International Federation of Ski Sports, which by 2000 had 98 national federations.

Technique skiing

Competent vehicle movement technique is a system of movements, with which an athlete can achieve maximum efficiency of its actions. It also helps to fully implement the ability to achieve the desired result. The main indicators of the quality of equipment are effectiveness, naturalness and efficiency.

If we talk about actions that skier performs, then it is worth noting three main:

* pushing sticks;
* repulsion by skis;
* Slip.

There are two main styles for skiing - skate (free) and classic.

Skown (free) style

This style of movement implies that the skier can independently choose the method with which it will move along the distance. It is worth noting that the classic move is significantly inferior to the free at speed.

Since 1981, skate movement methods are actively used by skiers. At that time, Pauli Sitonen, a skier from Finland, who has already stepped over a 40-year-old frontier, first applied him to competitions, in the race by 55 kilometers and won.

Among free moves, these days most common:

* Double simultaneous (used on rises of medium and low steepness, as well as equible areas);
* Single simultaneous (on gentle areas, uncrowded lines, plains, as well as during starting lift).

Classic style

This style includes the types of movement, in the process of which the skier passes almost the entire intended distance on a predetermined ski access, which consists of two killers located in parallel to each other.

"Classic" ski moves are divided into simultaneous and alternating, according to the method of repulsion by sticks. In according to the number of steps performed in the same cycle, they are divided into alternately bison, at the same time one-sigteed, as well as stealing.

The most common of them, however, is considered to be a bias alternate move, which, most often, is used on sloping slopes and lifting sites, as well as on the rises of the average steepness (but only with very good slide). But one-sided simultaneous move is used only on the detached lines (with free slide), on even areas or on slopes, with relatively good slide.

It is worth a separately talk about the main types of ski racing.

Types of ski races

* relay race;
* Competitions with a separate start;
* Individual sprint;
* Racing persecution;
* command sprint;
* Competitions with a shared start.

Relay race

During the relay, commands compete, which consist of four (sometimes -3) athletes consist. Relay can pass one or two styles. In the first case, all participants run on their stage free or classic style, and in the second - the first and second stage of the athletes run "classics", and the next two-skate style.

The start of the relay is the mass start, and in order to distribute the most favorable places, a draw between the participants is carried out, or they are given to the teams that have gained the greatest points and received high results at previous competitions in this sport.

The transfer of the relay between athletes from one team is carried out by touching the palm of any part of the body of the starting participant, and exclusively at the moment when both athletes are in a specially prescribed relay zone.

The result of the team is calculated by the basic formula "the arrival time of the last team member" minus "The starting time of the first term", which is usually leveling zero.

Competitions with separate start

In this type of ski racing, the athletes go off the start with a predetermined interval, in a clearly regulated sequence. Most often, this interval is thirty seconds, much less often - one minute or 15 seconds.

The sequence of the athletes starts with the help of the draw, or the position of the participants in the ranking (the strongest goes on the track last). Sometimes a separate pair start is held.

To calculate the outcome result of the athlete, the Finish Time Formula is minus "Start Time".

Individual sprint

Competitions begin with qualifications organized in the format of a separate start, in the already after that, the athletes who were selected are competing among themselves in the finals held in the form of a mass start of 4 people.

Racing persecution

Pursuit races are combined competitions that are held in several stages. At the same time, the sequence of the start of the athletes, at all stages, except the first, is established depending on the results of previous competitions.

This type of ski racing is divided into two types:

* GP without interruption;
* GP with a break.

Team sprint

It is carried out in the format of the relay with commands, which consist of two athletes, alternately replacing each other, after each runs from three to six circles of the track. If the number of teams declared for participation in competitions is too large, 2 semifinals are held, of which an equal number of teams received the best results are selected in the final.

The final result of the command sprint is calculated by the same rules as the relay.

Competitions with a shared start

With the mass start, all participants in the competitions go to the track at the same time. At the same time, the best places go to athletes who have a higher rating. The final result is the finish time of the athlete.

In the school program on ski preparation provides for acquaintance and exploration of students with the execution of various types of skiing.

This move is one of the main ways to move on skiing, applied on lins of small and medium steepness, as well as on the plain with poor sliding conditions. The cycle of the stroke consists of two sliding steps, in which the skier twice alternately repels with their hands.

Phase 1 Free one-voice slide on the left ski. It begins from the moment of separation of the right skiing from snow and ends with the formulation of the right stick on the snow. The goal of the skier in this phase is as far as possible to lose speed and prepare for repulsion by hand. The right leg after the end of the repulsion, bending down in the knee joint, with the aim of relaxation rises along with the ski on the inertia back-up. The removal of the right hand forward ends with a lifting of the brush to the head level. The skier begins to tilt the torso ahead of the right hand in the shoulder joint, preparing for the stagnation of a stick on the snow. The left hand at the beginning holds a stick from behind, and then begins to lower it down.

Phase 2 Sliding with the straightening of the support (left) foot in the knee joint lasts from the staging of the stick on the snow before the flexion of the left leg in the knee joint. In this phase, the skier must be supported, and if possible, and increase the slip speed. The left stick is placed on the snow not much ahead of the left leg shoe to a sharp angle to the direction of movement. This allows you to immediately start repulsing it. Right leg bent in the knee joint, the skier begins to lower and, bending it in a hip joint, to lead to his left leg. With the arrangement of the right leg on the snow is summed up to the left when sliding the right ski. Left hand, slightly bent in the elbow joint, lowers down.

Phase 3 Sliding with a substantial on her left leg. It begins with the bending of the support (left) leg in the Kalented joint H ends with the left ski stop. The goal of the phase will speed up the rolls. The left foot bends in the knee joint, her shin leans forward. In this phase, it ends with the right leg to the left. Left hand skier begins an accelerated trailing of the stick forward. In this phase, it is necessary to quickly bend the leg in the ankle joint, accelerate max foot forward, strengthen the pressure with a hand on a stick.

Phase 4 lungs with a right foot with a substantial on her left leg. A phase begins with a ski stop to ends with the beginning of the extension of the left leg in the knee joint. The goal of the skier in this phase will speed up the lunge. With the left ski stop begins an accelerated lunge on the right foot with a ski slide.

Phase 5 repulsion with straightening the push (left) legs. She begins with an extension of the push legs in the knee joint and ends with a margin of the left skiing of snow. The purpose of the phase to speed up the movement of body mass forward. At the beginning of this phase, it is completed with the right hand extension of it in the shoulder and elbow joints. The angle of inclination of sticks at the time of separation of them from the snow is about 30 °. The second sliding step begins with the left of the left skiing of the snow, but already on the right ski, the phase structure of the movements in which the same as at the first step.

Movement by this move is carried out only due to the simultaneous repulsion by hand. The course on gentle descents is applied, as well as on the plain with good sliding conditions. The stroke cycle consists of free sliding on two skis and simultaneous repulsion by hand. Cycle length 59 m, duration 0.81.2 s. The average speed in the 47 m / s cycle. The pace of 5075 cycles in 1 min / in the stroke cycle is released by two phases: free ski slide and ski slide with simultaneous repulsion.

Phase 1 free slide on two skis. It begins from the moment of the separation of sticks from the snow and ends with the formulation of them on the support. The purpose of the phase to prevent the large loss of ski slide speed acquired as a result of repulsion to the hands, and prepare for the next repulsion to the hands. In this phase, you should not make accelerated movements of the hands up after the end of the repulsion, it is necessary to smoothly blend torso and carry the hands forward. Staging sticks on the snow is carried out due to the accelerated tilt of the body.

Phase 2 Sliding on two skis with simultaneous repulsion by hand. It begins from the moment of staging sticks on the snow and ends with a separation of them from the support at the end of the repulsion by their hands. The goal of the skier in this phase increase the slide rate. Currently, a variant of the simultaneous stepless movement is applied. In which there is a movement of foot forward-back relative to each other. In the free slip phase with the removal of hands ahead, one of the legs are allotted several years ago, the mass of the body is transferred to another leg. And when repulsion, the free foot moves forward to the supporting leg. At the same time, the skier makes substantially with the redistribution of body weight on both bent legs. At the same time, he pulls out a stop of the supporting leg a little forward.

This move is applied to the plain areas of the terrain and on the gentle lines with good and excellent slip conditions. The cycle consists of one repulsion by foot. Simultaneous repulsion of hands and free sliding on two skis. In the cycle of the speed option, six phases are highlighted, the analysis of movements begins with the end of the repulsion by hand.

Phase 1 free sliding on two skis. A phase begins with the separation of sticks from snow and ends with the beginning of flexion of the right leg, which will be jerking, in the knee joint. If at the beginning of a free slip, the mass of the body is evenly distributed on both legs, in the future the skier takes the flying (left) leg almost on the foot back, bends it in the knee joint and begins leads to the support (right) leg. The mass of the body skier tolerates to the right leg, the hands lowers the straight down.

Phase 2 sliding with a substantial. The phase begins with bending the support (right) legs in the knee joint and ends at the time of stopping the right ski. During this time, the skier flexs the right foot in the knee joint at 20 °, the deflected shin leads to the position of inclined ahead at an angle of 85 °. The skier's mother leg catches the support (feet together), he tilts the body, bending in the hip joint on 57. Hands skier begins to move forward in the elbow joints.

Phase 3 lunge with a substantial. A phase begins from the moment of stopping the right ski and ends with the beginning of straightening the right leg in the knee joint. Phase duration 0.030.06 p. The lunge leg of the skier can start to stop the right ski (too early), at the time of the stop (timely) or after stopping it (with the receipt). In this phase, the skier, bending the right leg in Kalenny and the ankle joints, finishes national. The projection center of body mass is focused on the front of the table. Flexing hands in the elbow joints, the skier continues to accelerately pull the sticks forward.

Phase 4 repulsion with the straightening of the push (right) leg from the beginning of the extension of the right leg in the knee joint and to the separation of the right skis from the snow. In this phase, the skier actively rectifies the right foot: in the hip joint 65 °, in a knee by 55 °. The repulsion ends at an angle of 45-55 ° extension in the ankle joint. The skier continues to cut the sticks ahead, raising the hands of the hands to the eye level. It is in about 10 ° in this time at this time and forms a straight line with a push foot.

Phase 5 free one-voice slide on the left ski. A phase begins with a separation of the right ski from snow and ends with the formulation of sticks on the support. After graduating, the skier continues to divert the right foot on the inertia back-up, bending it in order to relax in the knee joint. The support (left) leg, it begins to blend smoothly in the knee, and the shin, tilted forward, leads to a vertical position. The skier stick continues to be taken up, and his hands are closed above the head.

Phase 6 slide with simultaneous pushing hands. Phase duration 0.20.25 p. The mother (right) foot is not fully supplied to the support, but remains on the plates behind it. The foot left leg is advanced, its shin is rejected back 50 ° from the vertical, which is provided with a rigid (without depreciation) the transfer of the effort developed when repulsion of the torso and hands, on sliding skiing. The separation of sticks from the snow ends the cycle of the high-speed version of the simultaneous one-bar stroke.

Main option for simultaneous one-bar

In the cycle of the main version of this course, the same phase as in the cycle of the speed option, but in coordinating the work of the legs, the hands of the body have differences. In the main embodiment after the end of the simultaneous repulsion of the skier sticks. Going to a free slip on two skis, extensions the torso and makes hands forward without making a feet with a foot, as in the high-speed version.

Simultaneous one-sided move (basic option)

Having done a step, the skier takes sticks from the position of rings to himself in the position of the rings from herself, and pushing his foot, he must again arrange their rings to himself. Staging sticks on the snow and repulsion them are carried under an acute angle. The entire period from the end of the repulsion of the hands before the next repulsion is much longer than in the high-speed version. The move can be applied under good sliding conditions on gentle descents (13 °), as well as on the plain areas of the terrain with excellent sliding conditions (ice skiing, coarse snow, etc.).

Simultaneous two-piece move

This turn is applied to the plain areas of the terrain with good and excellent sliding conditions. The cycle of the simultaneous double stroke consists of two sliding steps, simultaneous repulsion by hand and free sliding on two skis.

Analysis of movements in the cycle of the stroke begins from the moment of separation of the ski sticks from the snow after the end of the repulsion of the hands.

The skier begins to actively and accelerately let down the hoof leg to the support with such a calculation so that the subsidence is completed until the end of the repulsion and hands. The moment of separation of ski sticks from the snow ends the cycle of simultaneous double running. Currently, this course qualified skiers is rarely used.

The cycle of movements of the alternated four-star stroke consists of four sliding steps and two alternating repulsion by their hands into the last two steps. Consider the actions of the skier in the cycle of an alternate four-soda when moving on the plain.

Simultaneously with the first push, the racer pulls the same hand to the same name with a stick. The push of the foot (this course is done in the same way as in a two-joint alternate. By the end of the push, the skier should raise the brush the half-bent hand to the shoulder level. The bottom end of the stick has been turned back. With the end of the shock and the end of the hand of the same name, the racer begins to slide on One leg and endure the second hand and freed after a shock. These are done with such a calculation so that by the end of the second push the hand and leg finished the movement at the same time.

During the end of the second hand and legs after the first push, the skier's hand, which began the movement earlier, transfers the stick to the ring position. After the end of the second push, the racer is preparing for the third pushing foot. With the beginning of the third push, the one-name pushing leg should be put in the position of the ring from ourselves. Throughout the third push, it is placed under an acute angle. The fourth push with the leg of the skier is similar to the third.

With the beginning, his skier puts in the snow stick for the second push with his hand. During the fourth push, he makes movement with the other hand, similar to the movement of the first hand at the time of the third push with the foot, and therefore conditions are created by the end of the fourth shock the conditions for the beginning of the second hand. With the end of the push, the second hand is completed and the cycle of motion in a four-star progress. An alternate four-sided move is applied rarely.

Ski skiing

One of the most effective ways of movement skiing. Use it allows you to develop high speed. This course is applied on the plain sites, gentle lins from descents, when driving on an arc. For him, you need a ski track, which would ensure the right direction of sliding skier at the skate pushing the foot. The stroke cycle consists of simultaneous repulsion by hand, repulsion by foot with a moving focus and free one-sized slip. Phase analysis of movements in the turn cycle is advisable to start from the end of the repulsion of the foot. The principle of phase release in the course cycle is based on the time characteristics of the repulsion of the legs, hands and free sliding.

The cycle of the half-one turns on four phases: free one-sample gliding, slip with hands, sliding on two skis with simultaneous repulsion by foot and hands, sliding on two skis with pushing foot.

Phase 1 Free one-stage slide (on the right ski). It begins with the end of the repulsion of the foot and continues until sticking sticks on the snow. At the beginning of the phase, the projection of the center of body mass (p. M. M.) Skier is somewhat rear-side in relation to the foot of the support leg. In the process of sliding, the support leg and the torso smoothly straightened, the hands remain in the extreme rear position (freezed), the wave leg looms freely upwards. During the free one-sized slip of p. m. T. Skier moves from the position of the rear side in relation to the support on the front of the tables. Thus, it is provided with a slide on a flat skidding. Finishing free sliding on almost straight support leg, the skier begins to tilt the torso, bring the fly-to-foot forward and puts sticks on the snow. It puts the right stick at an angle of about 70 °, the left at an angle of 80 °. Miscellaneous tilt of sticks is needed to perform them on the support at the same removal (front) from the foot of the support leg, since the torso by this time is somewhat rotated around their own axis toward the push legs.

In phase 1, it should strive smoothly, but almost completely straighten the support leg, while retaining a slight tilt of the body. Due to this, the muscles of the support leg and the torso are relaxing before the upcoming work. The actions described completes the preparation for the fulfillment of the main workforces aimed at an increase in the speed of the skier's movement.

Phase 2 Slide on the right ski with repulsion by two hands. It begins with the staging of sticks on the snow and continues until the left skiing on him. The skier is repelled by his hands due to the active inclination of the body, the position of his hands does not change. Machova, slightly bent in the knee joint, he makes a row forward-to side and puts skis at the snow at an angle of 16-24 ° to the direction of movement, the ski heels are arranged in a fragile, the support right leg begins to bend. The higher the speed, the smaller the angle of skiing on the snow.

Phase 3 sliding on two skis with pushing left foot and hands. It begins with the decree of the left skiing on the snow and continues to the separation of sticks from the support. In this phase of the half-shot turn, the repulsion of the foot is fundamentally different from repulsion not only in classic, but in all other skate strokes, because at the beginning the skier does not extend, and bends the jam. This requires separating the repellent foot into two subfasses.

Subphaise 1 Sliding on two skis with repulsion to the left foot (her definition) when flexing in a hip. knee, ankle joints and simultaneous repulsion of their hands. Podphaz duration - 0,160.19 p. In the subphase 1 skier continues to actively tilt the body up to 30-35 ° to the horizon, repelled by hand, flexing them in the shoulder and elbow joints. Stripping by your hands, it is subded on the support (right) leg, bending it in the knee joint at an angle of 130-135 °, in the hip angle of 80-90 °, which reduces the body mass pressure on the sliding ski and relieve the repulsion of the hands. The active movement of body weight from the support leg to the push is extremely necessary not only to reduce the load on the muscle when flexing the support, legs, but also to increase the power of the repulsion to the assignment, as well as to ensure effective repulsion to the leg when extending it in subsequent phases.

Subfasses 2 Slide on two skis with an excretion of the push foot and repulsing with their hands. At this time, the skier finishes the repulsion of his hands, continues to repel the left leg, and begins to blend it into the hip joint. The support leg remains bent in the hip, knee and ankle joints, it ends with the slope of it to the left and moving the body weight on the joyful leg, tilted ahead.

Phase 4 - Sliding on two skis with repulsion and extension of the left leg begins at the end of the repulsion by hand and ends with a margin of the left skiing of snow. In this phase, the repulsion ends with a leading and active extension of the left leg in a hip, knee and ankle joints when gliding with the left skiing on the inner Kant. The reference foot at this time remains bent. The torso begins to straighten smoothly, the hands on the inertia continue to be relaxed moving back-up. The efficiency of repulsion completion is also dependent on the position of the support leg. The larger the support leg bent, the less the angle of repulsion and the more horizontal component of the force of shock. However, the muscle tension increases dramatically due to the need to keep the body weight on a bent support leg.

Skidding without repulsion

Two versions of this move are used: with Mahami and without turns. In both embodiments, the stroke cycle consists of two sliding steps, during which two alternate repulsions are performed, and includes two phases characteristic of each step -Bed-like sliding and sliding with pushing the leg.

Phase 1 The free one-voice slide on the right skiing after repulsion to the left foot H continues until the left (Machova) legs forward-to the side. The supporting leg of the skier at the beginning of the phase is bent in the hip joint at an angle of 97-103 °, in a knee at an angle of 72-78 °, ankle 67-73 °, a torso tilted at an angle of 30-45 ° (to horizontal), left hand holding a stick In the horizontal position, lowered in front, right (side) holds the stick with a ring behind - at the top. Having pushed the left foot, the skier flexings it in the knee joint and pulls up to the supporting leg. Simultaneously p. m. T. Skier moves to the front of the foot of the supporting leg from the position of the back-side relative to the support. Almost a straight left hand along with a stick in this phase moves back to the knees, right forward. By the end of the phase, both hands move towards the legs of the same name and each other and go down to the knees.

Phase 2 Slide on the right ski with repulsion to the same leg begins from the moment of removing the Machova (left) leg forward-to the side and ends with a margin of the right skiing of snow. When sliding on the right skiing in this phase, the mask (left) foot moves forward to the side at an angle of 1014e to the direction of movement. At the same time, the projection of the body mass of the skier shifts towards the movement of the Machova.

The ski move without moving hands, as well as with Mahami, is used under good sliding conditions on the plain, gentle descents and during acceleration on the sharpening descents when the speed is above 7 m / s. Low rack, motionless position of hands in front of the breasts at a high velocity of movement provide a decrease in air resistance force. This course is economical due to small sailboat, a high length of slip, a low rate of movements.

Phase 1 Slide on the left ski with repulsion with the right hand begins after repulsion to the right foot and ends with a separation of the right stick from the support. The duration of the phase 0.12-0.15 s. The support (left) leg skier during the slip begins to smoothly straighten in the knee and hip joints. Flying leg, gradually bending her in the knee and hip joints and at the same time holding a ski at the same angle to the main direction of movement, skier pulls up to the supporting leg. P.TS.M.T. The skier begins to move to the front of the foot of the support leg.

Phase 2 glide on the left ski with repulsion to the left foot. Free Slide Slide on the right ski, sliding with simultaneous repulsion by hand, slip with simultaneous repulsion by hand and foot (right), sliding with repulsion to the right foot.

When overcoming lifting in the cycle of this stroke, the following phases are distinguished: free one-step sliding, sliding on the left ski with repulsion to the left foot, slide on the left ski with repulsion to the left foot and hands (hand), sliding on the right ski with simultaneous repulsion of the hands, slide on the right Skiant with repulsion to the right foot and hands (hand), sliding on the right ski with repulsion to the right foot.

This course is the most complex in coordination. Since with each sliding step, the extension of the joggest is accompanied by a slope of the body and repulsion. Analysis of movement movements is advisable to start from the end of the repulsion of the foot.

The stroke cycle consists of two sliding steps. Each step includes repulsion to the leg (right or left), simultaneously repulsing with hands and one-sample slide. When moving on the plain and on gentle lins in the cycle, four phases are distinguished (in one sliding step): free one-step slide, sliding with simultaneous repulsion by hand, slip with simultaneous repulsion by foot and hands, sliding with pushing foot.

With an increase in the increases of lifting, the phase structure of the stroke varies somewhat. Under these conditions, the repulsion of the hands begins almost simultaneously with the pushing the foot and three phases are distinguished in the stroke cycle: free one-step sliding, slip with simultaneous repulsion by foot and hands, sliding with pushing foot.

Alternated skate stroke

The alternate skothproof is applied on the lines of the large steepness (more than 8 °), as well as with soft skiing and bad conditions of sliding on less steep lines. Although this move is the least high-speed, it is impossible to underestimate it.

The stroke cycle consists of two sliding steps, in the process of which the skier twice alternately (alternately) is repelled by their hands. Depending on the rises, the rate of movement, the technical skills of the athletes use two variants of alternate skate stroke. In the first embodiment, the end of the repulsion of the hand coincides with the beginning of repulsion to the foot, and more often the effort of the hand to the legs are superimposed. In this embodiment, the speed is maintained due to the frequency of steps in shortening the sliding step. This option is applied on steep climbs, with bad sliding conditions, with physical fatigue, when the athlete cannot power enough to push off. In the second variant there is a phase of a free one-step sliding (after repulsion by hand and before repulsing the foot).

Consider the sequence of movements in the first variant of the alternate skate stroke.

Phase 1 Slide on the left ski with repulsion to the right hand begins with the separation of the right skis from the snow and continues until the Machova (right) legs are removed-to the side. . Slipping in this phase is supported by the active extension of the right hand in the shoulder and elbow joints, as well as insignificant (23 °) slope of the body. The support (left) leg of the skier at a slip is extension in the knee joint by 24-28 °, in a hip for 20-24 °, and the shin tips at 70 °, turning (right) foot along with the ski racer pulls up to the support leg, gradually bending knee joint. In this case, the angle between the ski and the direction of movement does not change, the heel of the foot is supplied to the supporting leg. In this phase, the skier continues to endure the left hand, gradually bending it in the elbow joint, the brush of his hands it raises almost to the shoulder level.

Phase 2 Slide on the left ski with repulsion to the left foot and the right hand begins with the removal of the Machova (right) legs forward-to the side and ends with a separation of the right stick from the support. When, as a result of the active movement of the Machova (right), the legs forward-towards the foot of the skier are as close as possible, it begins to repel the left foot, flexing it first in the hip joint. At the same time, the skier finishes repelled with his right hand, and the left hand continues to endure forward.

Phase 3 Slide on the left ski with repulsion to the left foot begins with the separation of the right stick from the support and ends with the decree of the left stick. The skier continues to be repelled with the left foot, flexing it in the hip and knee joints (he straightens up to 23 °). Flip foot, bent in the knee charter almost to the direct corner, the skier moves forward-to the side. At the same time, he finishes the removal of the left hand and puts a stick on a plug under an acute angle, and the right hand after repulsion begins to move down-forward. At the end of this phase, the skier puts the flying (right) foot on the snow at an angle of 1624 ° to the direction of movement.

Phase 4 - Slide on two skis with repulsion to the left foot and the same hand starts from the stage of the stick on the support and ends with a separation of the left skiing of snow. Phase duration 0.090.16 p. The silent (left) leg skier continues to be blown up in the hip and knee joints, and the extension of it in the ankle sinnation finishes repulsion. With the end of the repulsion of the left foot and the separation of it from snow begins the second sliding step in the course of the course, movement in which the same as in the first step.

Usually, the raises are up to '/ s distance and are overcome by a sliding, stepping, running step, a "seal", "Christmas tree", "ladder" and skate strokes. The choice of a method of overcoming depends on the rises of lifting, quality of ski lubrication, training and technical training of a skier. Rises overcome straight, burned, zigzag.

When overcoming lifts, the rolling force acts, calculated by Formula FDS \u003d PSINA where the weight of the skier, A is the riveting rim. The skier weighing 70 kg, going to the rise of the steepness of 5 °, should overcome the power of resistance to the movement (FDCT), equal to almost 5 kg, with an increase in lifting 10 ° to 12 kg, 15 ° to 18 kg. On the rise of the pressure of the skier on the support is less than on the plain, it is determined by the formula n \u003d pcosa. The cooler climb, the less the friction force. However, the ski slip time decreases and with a certain steepness skier generally goes to a stepping step.

Therefore, with a decrease in the coating force of the ski, the speed of movement of the skier on the rise does not increase significantly, and the tensile strength of the skis with snow is reduced and the skier becomes harder to repel their feet. Therefore, he crushes a step, repelled by the leg at a large angle and works with his hands. With the same clutch coefficient (KSC) ski with snow, the end of the repulsion of the leg increases at as much as the revolution is increasing. If, with a clutch coefficient of 0.4 on the skier's plain, it can finish pushing the foot at an angle of 68 °, then on the rise of the steep 5 °, the minimum angle of repulsion will be 73 ° at a rise of 10 ° -78 °.

When moving from the plain to the skier's lift to a certain point, continues to maintain the phase structure of the sliding step. With an increase in the increases of lifting, the free sliding phase is reduced. Qualified skiers are able to maintain a free sliding on rises of steepness up to 5 °, and they go to the sliding step on sharp rise. A distinctive feature of his absence of free slip.

At the end of the end of the repulsion, the skier puts the same stick on the snow. P. C. m. T. Skier is mixed on the heel of the support leg. Energetically working the body and hand, it slides on the ski, and the shin of the support leg slightly rejects back. With the stop of the skiing of the supporting leg, the racer begins to bend in the ankle and knee joints, and the mahovy leg is behind the reference. Ski stops to the lounge. Standing skis to a phase fallow, which is not not when walking on the plain. To achieve optimally high speed when moving with a sliding step, you must not pull the ski sliding when repulsing with hand and cut the ski phase to the loudness as possible. If the steepness of lifting is more than 10 °, skiing is impractical and skiers go to the way of lifting with a steering step.

When traveling, the skier's stepped step is alternately repelled with his legs and arms. With the end of the repulsion by one foot, he immediately transfers the body weight to another leg. Ski does not slide. The racer puts a stick on the support until the end of the repulsion of the same name and the opposite hand (there is no free slip phase). Thus, it relies simultaneously on both sticks.

Therefore, the task of repulsion by the hands of the mass of the body of the skier forward on the support. When you move the step-up step, the skier makes it flock through a bent leg. Not flexing it with Mahe. With the beginning of the lunge, the skier continues to bend the supporting leg, and the strongest skiers, as a rule, immediately begin to bleed it in the hip and knee joints, i.e. to repel. Steep short lifts (15 ° and more) skiers overcoming a running step. At the same time, all phases of sliding are replaced by the flight phase. From the moment of putting the stick, the body mass moves to the hoof leg. Next follows standing ski to the lounge. Well-trained skiers start the lunge simultaneously with the straightening of the support leg, and sometimes N before. The lift is overcome on the legs heavily bent. Temp with a running step 70 cycles in 1 min.

When overcoming the lifts, the ramp is applied to the rise of the "halftime". Ski, located above, slides in the direction of movement, and the toe of the lower ski is assigned to the side. The angle of laying the lower ski depends on the rises and slip conditions of the skier's hands alternately. The rise of the "Christmas tree" is used when overcoming lifts directly. At the same time, the method of lifting ski socks is bred to the direction in the direction of movement, and to improve the grip with snow, the racer runs the skis to the inner ribs. The steeper the rise, the more ski socks are bred.

When lifting the "Christmas tree" skis do not slide, and the feet to the hand of the rider work alternately. The rise of "Lestenka" at competitions of skiers is not applicable. To climb the "ladder", you need to get up left or right sideways to the rise, put skis to the upper edges and climb into the palm steps. If the skier overcomes the rise, turning the right side to him, he is repelled with his left hand, at the same time flexing his left leg, and the right leg takes away from the left. With the right skiing and stick on the snow, the left leg is made to the right, etc. Technique overcoming lifting by skiing methods: simultaneous one-bar, duplex and alternately based on repulsion by sliding focus.

Phase 1 The free one-voice slide on the left ski lasts from the end of the repulsion to the right leg before the launch of the Machova (right) legs forward-to the side and start the extension of the left leg. Phase duration 0.200.45 s. The support (left) foot at the beginning of the free one-step slide is greatly bent: in the knee joint, an angle of 110-115 °, a hip-bed at an angle to 90-95 °. The skier's body is tilted to the horizon at an angle of 45-52 during the sliding on the flat left ski at an angle of 16-22 ° to the direction of movement skier smoothly extensions the supporting leg in the knee joint by 30-35 °, in the tzobednennnomna 45-50 °, straightens the torso by 8-10 °. The extension of the support (left) leg allows to significantly reduce the static tension of the muscles of this leg when sliding. After performing the preparatory movements, the skier is stirred by paragraphs. m. t. From the position of the rear side with respect to the support on the front of the foot and grows to effectively push into the foot. At the same time, he bends the supporting leg in the ankle joint by 811 °.

Phase 2 ONE-REDGE Slide on the left ski with a simultaneous repulsion of the left foot begins with the leads of the Machova (right) leg forward and continues until the left stick is on the support. Phase duration І120.22 s. After preparatory movements in the previous phase, the skier performs technical actions that contribute to an increase in speed. He repels, actively flexing his left foot in the knee and hip joints. The heel of the feet at the same time pressed against the ski. Right leg skier makes energetic mothers forward with a lead. The removal of the left hand forward and flexing it in the elbow joint at an angle of 90-100, he finishes with a stick on the snow almost at right angles. The right hand of him, somewhat lagging behind the left, continues forward moving.

Phase 3 Sliding with repulsion to the left foot and hands begins with the decree of the left stick on the support and ends with a margin of the left skiing of snow. The duration of the phase is 0.03-0.18 p. At the beginning of the phase, the skier slides on the left ski and repels to the left foot to hand. On the gentle rags, the left stick and the right skiing simultaneously put on the snow. From the middle of this phase, the skier begins to slide on two skis (two-heat slide) and continues to be repelled with the left foot and the one-name hand.

With the movement of body weight with the left (push) legs on the right (support) leg, favorable conditions arise to effectively complete the repulsion: the vertical repulsion force decreases and the load on the muscles, holding the body weight on the push leg, is reduced, since a significant part of the body mass is transferred from a jog On the reference and the possibility of fast repulsion is created. Ends up repulsion to the left foot by extension of it mainly in the ankle joint, the body weight is transferred to the support (right) leg. Bending in the knee joint at an angle of 114-120 °, in a hip at an angle of 96-108 °. Skier's torso tilt at this moment at an angle of 38-45 °

Phase 4 Slide on the right ski with simultaneous repulsion of the hands begins with the left of the left skiing of snow and continues until the mane (left) leg is left to the side. Phase duration 0.180.34 s. The skier continues to actively tilt the body and blends his hands in the shoulder and elbow joints. When repulsted with his hands, it is subsequent on the supporting leg, bending it in the knee joint to 103-108 °, in a hip-beached up to 85-93 °. Due to this, the body mass pressure on the sliding ski is reduced and relieved by hand. During sliding on the right ski, the racer pulls the left leg to the support, bending it in the knee joint. The projection center of the body mass of the skier from the position of the rear side in relation to the support moves to the front of the foot. The shin at the same time leans forward by 8-10 °. Before repulsing the skier is grouped.

Phase 5 Slide on the right ski with repulsion to the right foot and hands begins with the elimination of the left leg forward-to the side and extension of the support (right) leg and ends with a separation of the right stick from the support. Phase duration 0.090.16 p. When sliding on the right skid, the racer actively moves the left leg forward-to the side begins to repel the right foot. Flexing it in the knee and hip joints, and finishes the repulsion of the left hand. Further, he slides on the right ski, pushing out the right foot and his right hand, and continues the active removal of the left (Machova) leg. Left hand after the separation of a stick from the snow moves back, and the right hand finishes repulsion in this phase.

Phase 6 Slip and repulsion to the right foot begins with the separation of the right stick from the support and ends with a passage of the right skiing from snow. The duration of the phaseB0,120,18 s. At the beginning of the phase, the racer slides on the right ski and repels the right foot, blending it in the knee and hip joints. He begins to straighten the torso. Continuing the removal of the left leg, the skier puts the left skiing on the snow at an angle of 16-22 ° to the direction of movement, and his hands finish the movement back. Then the racer moves on two skis, pushing out the right foot. The angle of repulsion depends on the position of the support leg. The more it is bent, the less the angle of repulsion and the more horizontal component of the force of the push, however, the muscular voltage increases. Holding body weight on bent under the optimal limits of the support leg ensures the effectiveness of repulsion.

Alternated twofall move

An alienated two-ski course is most close to the movements of a person and reminds walking with a wide step.

Alternated this move is called because the hands are taken out and repel alternately; duplex - as the skier does two

sliding steps (one left, other right foot) constituting the stroke cycle. The main element of this move is a sliding on one leg, after the time of the other, i.e. it is a single slide. To learn this go well, you must present it. A twofold stroke is applied on the plain, on the rope canopy (Fig. 1,2).

To perform this move, you need to tilt a bit of the torso ahead and make the left foot with a sliding step forward. At the same time, it is necessary to repel the right foot and at the same time take out a slightly bent right hand with a stick forward. Brush at the level of shoulder, the stick is placed on the snow near the shoe sock. The left hand finishes repulsion, it is stretched back and down. After the shock of the ski, it takes off from the snow, the stop is raised by 10 cm. It is necessary to slide it alternately, then on the left, then on the right foot, smoothly carrying the body weight on the supporting leg and pushed with sticks with pressure.

Alternated twofold stroke can be seen in parts. To do this, put sticks on the snow aside. Standing on a ski, take the position of the skier planting - the legs are slightly bent in all joints, the torso is tilted forward so that the brushes of lowered hands are at the knee level. At the same time, the shoulders are relaxed, the spin is round. Start free flywheel movies forward-back, the movements of the hands should be strictly parallel. Then the exercise of the "scooter" should be performed - strongly push off one ski and transfer body weight to another and slide in this position. Stripping one foot and move forward, continue the exercise, like on a scooter, 30-50 m. Then change the push leg. After try alternating repulsion to your feet. The jog should be completely united in the knee, and after a slightly climb over the snow upwards. Hands at the same time perform alternate free mahs. Exercise is better to perform on a canopy descent. At the first lesson, it is possible to take 4-5 times 50-80 m, resting between the exercises for 1 minute, at the end of the classes freely ride a ski with sticks, trying to slide longer on one leg.

Simultaneous moves

The main element of simultaneous moves is the simultaneous push by hand. These are the most effective, rapid moves that require good physical training for their fulfillment. Their three: stealing, one-sided, double. The simplest stealth: the skier is repelled only with his hands, no legs in repulsion are not involved (Fig. 3).

This move is applied at speed or under the slope. Sliding on both skiing, should be slightly bent hands forward, the brushes are not higher than the shoulder level. Then quickly put sticks on the snow under an acute angle of 70-80 ° and begin pressure on them. Initially, it is necessary to tilt the torso, pouring on sticks, then start blending hands. The brushes pass near the knees and after the jolt rise to the level of the hip joint, with the shoulder position also at the pelvic level. Studying the progress is better to spend on a well-rolled ski door, under a slope, with a good pilot support.

Preparatory exercises for it - the removal of sticking sticks on the ground, without repulsion. It is necessary to alternate an alternate two-piece movement with simultaneous in their occupations.

Simultaneous onefly move.

When performing this stroke skier makes one push with foot (right or left) and simultaneous push with hands (Fig. 4).

She gliding on two skis, skier, a little bending his hands, pulls out sticks, directing the rings forward and down, at the same time carrying body weight on the left foot. Together with the staging of the stick, the skier is repelled with his left foot and takes a step - lungs with the right foot, carrying the body weight on it.

The torso leans forward, as if pulling away to the sticks, and, tilting the sticks and down, the skier sharply repels the bent hands and sticks his left foot. The torso leans to a horizontal position, the hands are inflicted.

When repulsion, the foot of the ski should be tightly tight to the snow. After the fall, load ski try smoothly, but to put softly, do not straighten the case early (until the end of the push with your hands), at the moment you do not squat with your hands. Thick leg change in each cycle. The move to work first on the slope to 80-100 m, then on the rolled ski.

Simultaneous double-to-go.

It is based on two sliding feet with the simultaneous removal and pushing sticks. Sliding step with his left foot to end the stick. Stepping with the right foot, put sticks on the snow forward rings and, pushing out the left foot, start pushing the sticks, tilting them forward and down. Starting push together with the prefix of the left leg and a strong tilt of the body. This move is easier to perform on three accounts (Fig. 5).

A two-ski simultaneous move is used on the plain, with a bad slide - on gentle descents. At the present stage, skiers use the original variety of simultaneous moves - the simultaneous half-one (Fig. 6)

It requires plastic skiing, a qualitatively prepared skiing, good physical training of an athlete.

The skier slides according to the ski door on the bent support leg, gradually blending it. At the same time, the pushing foot is approaching the head of the support leg and is made a little forward in relation to it. The skiing leg should be raised above the snow, and her sock is assigned to the side - outside at an angle of 25-30 ° to the ski.

At the same time, the stick forward and put on the snow by the movement at an angle, somewhat ahead of the mounts and from the skiing to the sides by 30-40 cm. Then the movements of the torso and hand are performed in other simultaneous moves. The supporting leg at the beginning of a push sticks in the knee and when the rings of sticks are on the heel skis, the skiing leg is put on the inner edge at an angle to the ski. It is partially transferred to the body weight and it is repelled without stopping. When repulsing the foot is inflicted first in the knee and then in the ankle joint with the simultaneous removal of sticks.

Skiing is represented by almost two dozens of disciplines, most of which are included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games. Skiing classification involves the allocation of 8 groups, among which races, skiing, freestyle and snowboarding are the most extensive. Common characteristics combine types of skiing in each of the following groups.

Race

Skiing began with racing. Therefore, they are considered a classic skis and well train stamina. Present in the Olympic program from the very beginning of the organization of the winter games. Ways to move the skier:

• classical;
• skidding;
• free.

Sprint. By analogy with running ski sprint, this is a short distances race. Running sprint distances are too short for a winter rider. Therefore, they were increased to the minimum 800 m for women and 1000 m for men. The maximum length of the sprint distance for men is 1600 m (in the command version).

The command sprint is one of the most spectacular competitions. In each team 2 people. After the first team breaks the distance, the second replaces it - so they alternate three times, exercising a total of 6 race. The winning teams are fleeing in the semifinals and the final with the mass start.

Percept-racing persecution.They are divided into ordinary percepty (with a break between the steps) and Skiathlon (without a break). At the first stage of ordinary redness, it is started individually with a periodicity of 30 seconds. At the second stage - in a few hours or days - participants go on the track in the sequence and with the difference in the time they came to the finish at the first stage.

In the skiathlon, the start is massive, and there is no break between the steps. The specificity of the asslessness without a break is that athletes need the first part of the way to overcome the classic way, then change the skis and go free style. At the same time, the stopwatch does not stop, which gives the competition an additional gambling component.

Distance to each stage in Percept - from 5 to 15 km. One-day persecution on long distances require good skier's endurance.

Relay.4 teams participate in ski relay, each by 4 people. One person runs one distance (up to 10 km), concerns the second participants of his team, transferring to him the relay - and so on all four athletes. The first and second skier run only the classic style, the third and fourth - free.

In the Winter Olympic Games programs, skiing appeared some time after inclusion in it ski racing. He can rightly be considered No. 2 in ski sports. Not inferior to the place and in the workout of endurance.

Downhill.Speed \u200b\u200bdescent is the most real extreme skiing. The length of the descent is 3 or more kilometers. The athlete is not only traveling along the prepared track, but also with a height drop carves up to a distance of up to 50 m. To ensure the best slip, the descent must have ice cover of snow, so that the average speed is developing up to 110 km / h. There are no cases when an athlete reached the speed of B150 km / h. The registered record is more than 200 km / h.

The speed descent requires significant physical fitness, ideal ownership of technique, skier's endurance. It is believed that after passing the track at the speed athlete raises their qualifications and behaves more confidently on the slalomes and jumps from the springboard.

Slalom.Slalle - "descending footprint" - descent from the mountain with overcoming obstacles represented by the so-called gate - installed flags between which it is necessary to drive. It is required to drive all the gate. For skipping gates, the athlete is removed from the competition. Characteristics of the slagistic route:

• Gate width - 4-5 m.
• Length of the track - up to 0.5 km.
• The height difference between the start and finish is up to 150 m.

The slalomal competition is held for a while and consists of passing every slalomist of two different trails.

Giant slalom.Great slalom differs from ordinary larger characteristics:

• Gate width - 6-8 m.
• The distance between the gate is 0.75-15 m.
• Length of the track - up to 1.5 km.
• The height difference between the start and finish is up to 450 m.

The steepness of turns in the giant is less than in the usual slalom. The descent technique involves performing turns with a flat slide in the interface of the arc. At a speed of up to 70 km / h, the athlete passes the descent on average for 100 s.

There is also a supergigant version of slalom.

Freestyle

Despite the fact that the freestyle is perceived by many as free from Rules, since 1988, freestyle directions are included in the Olympic Games Program and, therefore, fully apply to ski sports and have their standards.

Acrobatics.The so-called air acrobatics is the basic freestyle discipline. The athlete accelerates on the descent and makes a jump from a springboard of one or another height and slope. The jump is made flip, coups, rotation and other acrobatic elements. Special attention is paid to the technique of landing the freestyleler. Separate estimates are exhibited for the artistry of execution and the correctness of the landing.

Mogul.Mogul is a descent on the slope consisting of low, but often located bugrov. Might skiing non-rigging, with a row cutting in the center. In addition to the passage of the cheeky route, the freestyleler must perform jumps from springboard up to 60 cm. The length of the route for Mogul is within 200-250 m. The state of the track is presented with strict requirements for the maximum and minimal height difference and angle of inclination. Freestyleler should demonstrate the ability to properly make turns with type, jumping and landing, show the best result in time.

Ski-cross.The youngest of the Olympic disciplines using Ski: Ski-Cross was introduced into the Games Program in Vancouver (2010). Unlike mogul and acrobatics Ski cross - competitive skating and, therefore, the most spectacular. A distance of 1.2 km with various obstacles - harsh lifts, descents, tramplines, gates - need to go for a while. Initially, individually, in the semifinals - a mass start group of 4 people. Athletes develop speed up to 60 km / h. Ski-cross connects elements of slalom and high-speed descent, reinforced by additional obstacles.

Jumping from springboard

Not everyone to decide to fly in the air more than 100 m with mountain skiing on the legs. In this case, it is necessary to do it beautifully, landing correctly, without touching the surface and without falling. Jumping from the springboard is a professional competitive discipline for individual execution or as part of a team of 4 people.

When evaluating the jump, in addition to the technique of execution and distance, take into account such parameters as the speed and direction of the wind, the height of the starting gate.

Ski federal

Combined ski discipline (individual, team of 4 people) includes two stages:

• jump from a springboard;

• an individual sprint is 10 km free style or a team relay from 4 stages of 5 km each.

The sequence of the start of the participants on the spinning distance is determined by the result of a jump from a springboard, whose scores are translated into seconds.

Orienteering

Sports orienteering is not included in the Olympic Games Program. Meanwhile, the championships on it are held annually around the world.

Participants are issued locality cards with printed ski tracks and compass. At the same time, the laid tracks have different speeds of passage. Each participant must decide on which routes are optimally used to come to the finish for the smallest time. Sports orientation can assume additional complicating conditions: a detour of markers, following a specific route, etc.

Biathlon

Ski discipline, which even people know, little interested in sports - biathlon. It is a spectacular ski race combined with a rifle shooting (or sports bow). The skier moves free skating. The total distance depends on the type of race: sprint, relay, percept. Biathlon is a command or individual. Depending on the type of target shooting racing, 2 or 4 times from the position lying and standing. Distance to targets - 50 m.

The biathlon route is held for a while. The target's misses add a penalty time or a penalty area of \u200b\u200b150 m.

Snowboarding

In the classification of ski sports, snowboarding could be attributed to freestyle as to the "modernist" direction. However, the absence of skis, which is replaced by the board, increased extreme (2 times traumatic than other ski disciplines) requires a singing of snowboarding into a separate appearance. Especially since the discipline itself is not homogeneous and includes such subspecies as:

• slalom;

• racing cross (sprint);

• half Pipe (acrobatic tricks in a semiconducting snow ramp);

• slope Style (acrobatic tricks on the slope with obstacles);

• big Ayr (spectacular and powerful jump from the springboard);

All of them are full Olympic disciplines, and Big Air will become her in 2018.

Skiing enjoyed much popular in the second half of the 20th century. Today, many forgot about it, and unfair, because walking or skiing is an excellent version of physical activity that allows you to keep yourself in excellent physical form and strengthen health in the snow period of the year.

From our article, you will learn about how this sport is useful, what effects it has to organize a person, as well as about the types of ski walk and about whether to teach kids to ski.

What are useful skiing

Skiing is one of the most useful types of aerobic load. They have a lot of varied positive effects on the human body:

1. The easiest effect is a good mood. Ski tracks, as a rule, pass in picturesque places, which means that the athlete has a wonderful opportunity, in addition to the main occupation, admire the beauty of nature, he gets aesthetic pleasure that it certainly affects the mood. In the process of driving, the body strongly produces joy hormones - endorphine. This contributes to the fight against depression.
2. Hardening effect. The conditions of the external environment during the ski walk are constantly changing: snow, wind, frosty air - each skier faces with these natural factors. The body learns to react to changes to weather, which means that its resistance to the effects of adverse factors outside increases.
3. Bloodstock and breathing are activated. In the process of skiing, as with any other types of movements, the heart is more often reduced, the blood is rapidly circulating according to the vessels, which are expanding. It is studied and becomes a deeper breathing, which means that blood is better saturated with oxygen and delivers it to all organs and tissues of the body. The signs of oxygen starvation disappear, the metabolic processes are accelerated, exchange of metabolism (so-called slags) are actively displayed.
4. All of the above processes and conditions of the external environment, and the activation of blood circulation, respiration, the metabolism - will certainly have an impact on the immunity system, significantly strengthening it. A man engaged in skiing, less frequently picks up any infections, and if it sinks, it is not seriously ill, without complications and quickly recover.
5. The blood supply to the kidneys is also improved. They begin to work more intensively, deriving extra liquid from the body and toxic products of metabolism.
6. In the process of skiing, almost all muscle groups participate. The maximum load at the same time falls on the muscles of the lower extremities - the thighs and the legs, the muscles of the press and back, as well as the upper limbs, slightly less actively. Such a load on the muscles leads to an increase in their tone. They acquire an attractive form, become stronger. Increases the endurance of an athlete. Note: Different types of skiing affect different muscle groups; If you need to put in the order of the hip, use the ski move, and when problematic buttocks are ridicked by a classic way.
7. For those who want to lose weight skiing - also an excellent option. Depending on the pace of walking and type of equipment, the body burns from 500 to 1200 kilocalories in the hour of training. It is even more than when running or swimming.
8. Skis is useful for the musculoskeletal system, since it allows you to strengthen it. In particular, it concerns the knee joints: while skiing is not sharp, but soft, smooth movements. This is the best burden on the joint - it does not injure it, but on the contrary - stimulates the production of the joint liquid, improves the work of the joint as a whole.

Ski Skiing Technology

First of all, it should be said that, depending on the pace of walking, they highlight walking and skiing. The latter, of course, is a higher level load, but novice skiers, only the student in this sport, preferably start still from walking.

It is also important to mention that there are 2 types of skis - running and mountainous. Each of them can use various ski styles.

So, in cross-country skiing there are 2 skiing techniques - the course is classic and the ski move.

The classic move is characterized by a ride at the same time on two skiing located in parallel. It can be used both on a special trace - ski access and outside of it - on rough terrain. This riding style beginner athlete often seems difficult enough, but this is only a matter of experience - as the corresponding skills acquired the problem comes on.

Skiing skiing is technically similar to those skating. The athlete relies alternately on one one, then another ski, pushing off from the surface of the snow inner side. Such a skating style requires a special well-rolled high-wide highway, and from the athlete - the maximum consistency of the movements of the upper and lower extremities. It allows an athlete to gain higher speed compared to the classic course. This type of move is a fairly high load on the body of the riding, so it should be used by persons who do not suffer from serious diseases of respiratory and (especially!) Cardiovascular systems.

There are more styles in skiing skiing than skiing:

1. Tourist style. This is a whole range of classes, predetermined by its organizers. It includes rest on a specialized resort and skiing under the guidance of an instructor.
2. Sport style. Includes gloss simple and sloth gigant, as well as high-speed descent. This is a competitive style, the essence of which is to overcome a certain route without technical errors and for the lowest possible time. For it, they equip individual slopes with the checkboxes located in a certain order, which should be surrounded by an athlete according to the specified principle.
3. Freeride. Translated from English literally denotes "free ride". It implies skiing outside specially equipped descents and trails. Fits exclusively for professionals and for extreme lovers.
4. Freestyle. Literally means "free style". It is not just a ride on the highway, and riding on the strum, also in combination with jumps from a springboard. It is included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games. Includes such discipline as:
   • ski acrobatics (athletes during skiing are performed very complex acrobatic jumps from a special springboard);
   • mogul (descent on the hillside slope (bugs - Moguls) and jumping from a springboard);
   • ski-cross (passage of a specially prepared ski slope with obstacles - springboard, virates - for speed);
   • hAFPIP (Skiing Descent, during which an athlete is in a special design - hafpipe, resembling an externally half of the pipe);
   • slopestyle (from Slope - Slope and Style - Style; A series of acrobatic tricks on special adaptations - pyramids, tramplines, railings and others, located along each other along the entire route);
   • new Square (a new variety of freestyle using special ski "Twinthip" - with curved heels that allow the athlete to land after jumping back forward; the style combined in itself the snowboarding techniques and might with acrobatic tricks).

Of course, freestyle is an occupation exclusively for people who are professionally dealt with skiing. Newcomers should choose the style easier.

Earlier, the so-called ski ballet also referred to freestyle, the second name of which is figure skiing. Now this skating style is gradually forgotten.

Skis and age

Skiing is useful for children and adults.

Many readers are probably interested in how old you can offer a ski child. Experts believe that healthy, normally developing children can start riding in 2-2.5 years. Of course, at first, the dosing mode should be observed - the duration of the ski walk for such babies should not exceed 10-15 minutes, for children 4-5 years old - 20-30 minutes, for preschoolers - 30-40 minutes. As the child masters the ride skills, as its muscles adapt to a new type of load, the duration of the walk can be gradually increased.

You can visit organized skiing (ski sections) from 6-7 years. The extreme age of the start of classes is 13-14 years old. Of course, this concerns only those children who want to associate their future with skis - become a professional athlete in this area. For those who seek simply to strengthen their health and develop endurance, there are no age restrictions - if a doctor allows, you can even engage in skiing for 80.

Preparation for skiing

If you are in a skiing newcomer, immediately stand on skis and overcome them a large distance you will be more than difficult. That is why it is still very desirable before the start of the snow season to increase the level of its physical activity: every day to perform energetic exercise with an emphasis on breathing, running on the spot and special exercises for skiers. It should also walk more on foot, seeking at least 1 time in 5-7 days to overcome for one such a walk about 5-7 km. Total duration and exercise, and walks should not be less than 40 minutes.

In addition, it is very important to get "good" in skiing from your attending physician and explore the terrain on which you plan to ride (special attention should be paid to the availability of mobile communications in it so that in case of any unpleasant situation you can get through wherever It is necessary and asked for help).

Equipment

First of all, it is necessary to choose the right skis. Yes, there are several types of them - amateur, mountain, pleasure, universal, professional and so on. They differ in the material from which the width, length and other parameters are made. The most important thing is that the skis be in size are not small and not great. The length of them is needed so that your elongated hand pulling the edge of the edge of the ski vertically. Sticks should be slightly higher than your armpits. Sticks should choose durable, elastic and lungs. Sliding surface ski - smooth, smooth, without bitch. Fastenings - ideally with a steel bracket - it is reliable. If you first come across the purchase of skis, it is better to seek help from a specialist.

Clothes and shoes in which you plan to do should meet weather conditions and your sustainability. If you are planning long walks, consider possible temperature differences and other changes in the weather and provide these points in the selection of clothing. The shoes should be waterproof, comfortable, spacious - hosting several pairs of warm socks. Ideal shoes are evenly fitted, have a flexible sole and removable cuffs. You can, after purchased, to impregnate them with oil or fish oil (to reduce the risk of flothing), as well as grasp the economic soap. Take such a procedure 2-3 times a day for 2 days, and the skin of the boot will become waterproof and elastic.

• Please, before starting classes, carefully read the rules of behavior on the ski track.
• Well wash your feet and to places subject to friction of shoes, apply a layer of vaseline, and only then wear socks and ski boots.
• Skis before use. Lubricate with a special ointment (depending on the air temperature on the street).
• Take a thermos with hot tea - if you freeze, it will help to warm up faster.
• Prepare a backpack, fold things in it that can be useful to you on the way (including thermos).
• Carefully watch your condition. In the event of symptoms of supercooling (feeling of cold, tingling the skin of open areas of the body) or overheating (feeling of heat, dizziness, and so on) stop and warm or, on the contrary, remove an excess layer of clothing.
• If you strive to support physical form, walk on skiing for 40-60 minutes 1 time in 3 days, that is, 2-3 times a week. If necessary, reset the extra weight train will have more often - preferably every other day.

Skiing is an excellent way to develop endurance, strengthen health and for a long time to preserve beauty and youth.