The main donors were the commander of the squad, Colonel A.A. Mozalevsky and V.I. Zaglukhipsky. A total of 3,000 rubles were collected for the construction of the temple. For the iconostasis, icons of the 16th-17th centuries were collected, the most valuable of which adorned the royal gates - a copy of the royal gates of the Feodorovsky Cathedral in Tsarskoe Selo.
Previously, the church stood in a different place - in Petrovsky-Razumovsky near the Straw gatehouse. At that time, the forest lands of the Petrovskaya Forestry and Agricultural Academy were located in this area. For their protection there was a sentry box with a thatched roof. From her, the temple was named "at the Straw Hut".
The Church of St. Nicholas remained in operation until 1935. But all this time, the authorities ignored the church, which was listed as an architectural monument.
Fyodor Shekhtel came to her defense, but his request for the restoration of the building was ignored.
In addition to technical measures to maintain the viability of this summer, light construction, I strongly insist on decorating the inside of the temple with paintings. To make him joyful and splendid, so that the parishioners love him and, perhaps, be content without a new church. All white and light inside, with paradise flowers, it should enchant them and make them not spare the relatively small cost of the final improvement of it ... The painting inside the church church will be done by my son Lev Fedorovich and my daughter Vera Fedorovna - artists, according to my sketches, in character Ferapontov monastery and according to other sources of the XIV century. I have no doubt that the collegium of the People's Commissariat for Education, in my opinion, will declare it a reserve, in view of the valuable ancient images and generally undoubted interest, such as the holidays of the 15th century. Local image of the Savior, written by the tsarist painter Simon Ushakov or his student Nesvitsky. Banners are sewn according to my sketches by Countess M.D. Bobrinskaya. Candles, a choros, a large chandelier were forged according to my drawings by the masters of the squad, as well as leather panels at the bottom of the iconostasis with flowering flowers. All newly donated icons that are not of ancient value should be accepted with gratitude and returned for repairs ...
In 1935, the church at the Straw Gatehouse was converted into a hostel. And in 1960, the completely destroyed building of the temple was demolished. A 15-storey residential building for police officers appeared in its place.
Address: 127434, Moscow, st. Ivanovskaya, 3.
Directions: m. "Timiryazevskaya", 1st carriage from the center, to the left along the underground passage, exit up to the left, then walk towards the park "Dubki" for about 5 minutes.
About the temple
Patronal feasts
- St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (May 22, December 19);
- Mts. Lyudmila Cheshskaya (September 29).
Shrines
- Revered icons: the Mother of God "Tikhvin", "Iverskaya";
- Cathedral of Sanaksar saints with particles of the relics of St. Theodora, right. warrior Theodore Ushakov, Venerable isp. Alexandra;
- Icon of St. Leonty isp. Mikhailovsky with a particle of relics;
- Icon of St. Nicholas of Mirliki the Appeared;
- Icon of St. Martin of Tours with a particle of relics.
Attached temples
- Church of St. blgv. led. book Dmitry Donskoy at the First Moscow Cadet Corps
Schedule of services
- daily: 08-00 - Divine Liturgy,
on the eve of 17-00 - Vespers. Matins.
- Sundays and holidays:
07-00 and 10-00 - Divine Liturgy,
on the eve at 17-00 - All-night vigil.
Akathist St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.
- on Fridays: Akathist mts. Ludmila Cheshskaya.
Parish activities
- At the church there is an Orthodox sisterhood in honor of St. Nicholas the Miracle Worker of Mirlikia, which takes care of the Central Moscow Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital No. 1, a special (correctional) general education boarding school of the VIII type No. 81, the First Moscow Cadet Corps, and also takes care of the homeless and prisoners;
- Service "Good Deed" - provides assistance to the mentally ill, drug addicted, suffering from alcoholism, as well as those who have family and psychological problems;
- Youth club;
- Military-patriotic club "Vityaz";
- Catechism talks before the Sacraments;
- Sunday School;
- Pilgrimages.
History
The small old village of Astradamovo, adjacent to the Petrovsko-Razumovsky village, ceased to exist at the beginning of the 19th century. The land of the former village passed into the possession of the Petrovsk Agricultural Academy, which carried out artificial planting on them.
In the books of the beginning of the century it is written that once there was a straw-covered booth here by the road, which is why the people called it a “straw guardhouse”. When the Church of St. Nicholas was built in these places, the people's memory added to the name the indication - "at the Straw Hut".
The initiators of the construction of the new temple were the soldiers of the 675th Tula foot squad located nearby and, above all, its commander, Colonel A.A. Mozalevsky, as well as a donor, the future headman of the church V.I. Zaglukhipsky. Summer residents of the village of Petrovsko-Razumovsky also collected money for the construction of a new church.
Academician of architecture F.O. Shekhtel, the author of numerous buildings, including religious ones (the chapel at the Lutheran Church and the Church of Basil of Caesarea, decoration of the Church of Pimen the New, the church in Ivanovo-Voznesensk and some others), awarded many awards, the last of which is the Order of St. Vladimir IV degree for the works of wartime.
Fyodor Osipovich, who converted to the Orthodox faith in 1915, was inspired by the creation of a project for a wooden church in the neo-Russian style. As a result, in 1916, in just one month, a wooden tent-roofed temple was erected according to his drawings. F. Shekhtel wrote that “the church is arranged in the character of the northern churches of the Olonets province, with the exception of the belfry, since in the North, the bell towers were erected separately from the church. "
The church was consecrated on July 20, 1916 in the presence of the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna, the Moscow governor, the mayor, the commander of the troops of the Moscow military district, commanders of the militia brigades, officers of the Tula squad, and the surrounding population.
In Soviet times, after the closure of other churches in the district, the number of parishioners at the Church of St. Nicholas increased from 300 to 2000 people. The temple, built with a frame method, could hardly accommodate parishioners and caused Shekhtel's concern for its technical condition. Turning to the Construction Commission with a memorandum in the mid-1920s, in order to save the church, he advised, with his participation, to establish constant technical control, upholstery inside the wall with asbestos sheets or thick Swedish cardboard, arrange electric heating, keep the underground dry, etc. ...
At the end of the memo, he says that he "invented" a way to make a winter church out of a summer church by upholstery from the inside with two-vertex thick boards.
Schechtel's plans were not destined to come true. The architect himself died in 1926, at the age of 67. And in 1935 the temple was closed, its belfry and tent were broken. According to old-timers, services continued for some time in the church. But soon a dormitory was placed in the building.
In the 60s. XX century, the church was finally demolished, in its place was built a multi-storey building number 4 on Dubki street.
Three decades later, Mikhail Demin, Prefect of the Northern Administrative District of Moscow, and Priest Georgy Polozov had the idea of restoring the church. Work on the restoration of the church began at the end of 1996.
The project of the temple was developed by the architect A. Bormotov using the surviving drawings of F. Shekhtel, amateur photographs and sketches. The project was supervised by an experienced architect-restorer V.I. Yakubeni. The construction was carried out by the joint-stock company "Arkada". The new temple is adapted for winter time, it is heated, placed on a strong stone foundation, the walls are made of timber, and the roof is covered with copper. All this makes the building more durable than before.
The new temple was built not far from where the previous one stood in less than six months and was consecrated on April 20, 1997.
The wooden tent-roofed temple was built in 1916 as the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker of the 675th Tula foot squad in Petrovsko-Razumovsky near the Straw gatehouse. The church was originally built as the first temple-monument of the First World War in Russia. In Soviet times, the church was demolished and rebuilt in 1997 using the original project in a new location - 300 meters from the old one, on the outskirts of Dubki Park.
The name of this area in the north of Moscow sounds somehow not at all urban. The history of its origin is interesting. It turns out that the Straw Gatehouse passage got its name from the guard house, which had adobe (with straw) walls. In this house lived a watchman who guarded the territory of the first higher agricultural educational institution in Russia - the Petrovskaya Forest and Agricultural Academy (now the Russian State Agrarian University named after K.A.Timiryazev).
1. Here Fyodor Ivanovich Shekhtel built a church in the neo-Russian style, which is crowned with a high tent with a small dome.
In 1925, on the reverse side of a postcard depicting this church, sent to the researcher of Old Russian architecture and restorer I.P. Mashkov, the architect wrote: "In my opinion, the best of my buildings." He presented the same postcard to the rector of the church V.F. Nadezhdin.
Photo from Wikipedia
At the beginning of the 20th century, the area where the temple was located was a dacha settlement, through which a road went to the village of Petrovsko-Razumovsky. Nearby were the forest lands of the Petrovskaya Academy. Unfortunately, the Straw Hut, a small adobe house resembling a South Russian hut, with four rooms and a through corridor in the center, has not survived, but the memory of it remained in the name of the passage and the temple.
Thatched hut where the watchmen of the Petrovskaya Agricultural Academy lived
The outstanding architect Konstantin Melnikov, who was born in the Straw Gatehouse, described the gatehouse in detail in his memoirs: it was surrounded by a blank fence, in the yard there was a wood shed, a stall for horses and a well. The writer Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko, who studied at the Petrovskaya Academy in the 1870s, also left his memories of the Straw Hut in the story "Prokhor and the Students".
In the photo from left to right: the famous forester Lokhvitsky is sitting (the cousin of the poet Mira Lokhvitskaya and the writer N. Teffi, his wife, the family's breadwinner and cook, two daughters and a student (judging by the form of the Moscow Agricultural Institute). The family temporarily occupied the gatehouse during the renovation of their own house.
In 1905, due to frequent student unrest, Petrovsko-Razumovskoye was transferred to the jurisdiction of the city police, and the bailiff's apartment was located in the gatehouse. After 1918 there was a police station here. The house was demolished in the post-war years. In 1955, the rebuilt gatehouse was demolished and soon a new residential building №10 was built on the street. Vishnevsky.
The summer camp of the Moscow garrison battalion was located next to the agricultural academy. After the outbreak of the First World War, military units began to be formed here to be sent to the front. Soon, the soldiers of the 675th Tula foot squad offered to build a summer temple with donations. The main initiators were the commander of the squad, Colonel A.A. Mozalevsky and V.I. Zaglukhipsky, who donated his funds to the church and later became its headman. Both officers and summer residents of Petrovsko-Razumovsky donated money for the construction of the church. In total, 3000 rubles were collected.
Photo of 1916 from Wikipedia
2. The construction of the temple took about a month. It was a small wooden church that could accommodate 100 people, made in the style of hipped roof churches in the Vologda region. Shekhtel practically recreated in his project the traditional compositional techniques and architectural details of these churches. An exception was the belfry: in the North, the bell towers were erected separately from the temple. The construction of the temple is also different from the traditional one: it is a frame, not a log one, so the church was unheated. The tent-roofed temple is cruciform in plan, four barrels are attached to the lower quadrangle, forming a cross.
The wooden hipped-roof churches of the Russian North of the 16th-18th centuries became the models for the temple: the Assumption in Varzuga, the Intercession of the Mother of God in Zaostrovye and Klimentovskaya in the village of Una.
Assumption Church of the 17th century in the village of Varzuga, Tersky District in the southeast of the Murmansk Region
Clement Church in the village of Una built in 1501 burned down in 1892. Rice. from the magazine "Niva"
Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God in Zaostrovye, 1900-1917. Postcard from the site https://pastvu.com/p/245745
The interior decoration and painting of the temple was carried out according to the architect's sketches in the style of the decoration of the Ferapontov Monastery. For the iconostasis, original icons of the 16th - 17th centuries were collected. Moreover, the most valuable of them adorned the royal gates, which were an exact copy of the royal gates of the Feodorovsky Cathedral in Tsarskoe Selo. The painting of the temple was carried out by the children of the architect - professional painters Lev Fedorovich and Vera Fedorovna.
Fragment of the iconostasis
3. The temple was consecrated on July 20, 1916 by Bishop Dimitri of Mozhaisk. The ceremony was attended by the Grand Duchess Elizaveta Fedorovna, the Governor-General of Moscow, the commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District, commanders of the militia brigades, officers of the 675th Tula squad and local residents. Theology professor, priest I.A.Artobolevsky, made a speech about the significance of this temple. Moscow newspapers in 1916 wrote about this church in the following way: "Representing an archaeological value as a collection of the rarest icons, this temple is at the same time the first church in Russia, a monument of the events experienced."
4. Fyodor Shekhtel, who lived nearby, often visited the temple, and its technical condition caused the architect's concern. Turning to the Construction Commission with a memorandum in the mid-1920s, in order to save the church, he advised, with his participation, to establish constant technical control, upholstery inside the wall with asbestos sheets or thick Swedish cardboard, arrange electric heating, keep the underground dry, etc. ... However, his proposal for the reconstruction of the temple was ignored.
6. After the October Revolution, the church, originally created for the needs of the squad, became a parish church. On April 6, 1922, 7 pounds of silver were removed from the temple. The temple remained in operation for a relatively long time. After the closure of the surrounding churches, his parish increased from 300 to 2000 people. In the 1920s, the church was listed as an architectural monument and was included in the protection lists as a collection of ancient icons. Despite this, the technical condition of the church gradually deteriorated.
In 1935, the temple was closed, the tent and bell tower were broken. However, according to the testimony of old-timers, services were held there for some time and children were baptized. Then the church building was turned into a hostel. By 1960, the finally destroyed building of the temple was demolished, and in its place was built a block 15-storey residential building for police officers (Dubki street, house No. 4).
7. The idea of restoring the church came up in 1995, and on November 19, 1996, the Moscow Government issued an order to allocate a site and recreate a monument of Russian wooden architecture.
8. The project for the restoration of the temple was developed by the architect A. V. Bormotov using the surviving drawings. The project was supervised by the architect-restorer V. I. Yakubeni.
9. In 1997, a wooden church was consecrated again, completely restored according to the drawings of Fyodor Osipovich Shekhtel.
10. The reconstruction of the St. Nicholas Church near the place where it stood earlier turned out to be a good deed. Now in St. Nicholas Church there is a museum, there is an Orthodox sisterhood, Nikolskoe youth brotherhood, a Sunday school. And in general, life is in full swing and a very friendly atmosphere for everyone visiting this place.
Sources of information.
The small old village of Astradamovo, adjacent to the Petrovsko-Razumovsky village, ceased to exist at the beginning of the 19th century. The land of the former village passed into the possession of the Petrovsk Agricultural Academy, which carried out artificial planting on them. In the books of the beginning of the century it is written that once there was a straw-covered booth here by the road, which is why the people called it a "straw guardhouse". When the church of St. Nicholas was built in these places, the people's memory added to the name the indication - "at the Straw Guard".
The initiators of the construction of the new temple were the soldiers of the nearby 675 Tula foot squad and, above all, its commander, Colonel A.A. Mozalevsky, as well as the donor, the future headman of the church V.I. Zaglukhipsky. Summer residents of the village of Petrovsko-Razumovsky also collected money for the construction of a new church.
F.O. Shekhtel, academician of architecture, author of numerous buildings, including religious ones (the chapel at the Lutheran Church and the Church of St. Basil of Caesarea, decoration of the Church of Pimen the New, the church in Ivanovo-Voznesensk and some others), awarded many awards, the last of which is the Order of St. Vladimir IV degree for wartime labors.
Having converted to the Orthodox faith in 1915, Fyodor Osipovich was inspired by the creation of a project for a wooden church in the neo-Russian style. As a result, in 1916, in just one month, a wooden tent-roofed temple was erected according to his drawings. F. Shekhtel wrote that "the church is arranged in the character of the northern churches of the Olonets province, with the exception of the belfry, since in the North the bell towers were placed separately from the church." Shekhtel in his project almost literally follows the wooden architecture of the past. At the same time, the construction technology differs significantly from the traditional one: the temple was built with a frame system, that is, it is sheathed along the beams on both sides with boards, and not assembled from log crowns. This could not but affect the durability of the building and its vertical characteristics, which look more squat in the central part than the early prototypes.
The church is based on a cruciform plan, when to the lower quadrangle, ending with a tent, four barrels are cut on the sides, forming a cross. The base underneath the barrels has been widened to increase the internal space for worshipers. The core of the composition is a solemnly ascending tent and barrels on the sides, known for such examples of northern architecture as the Clement Church in the settlement of Una (16th century), the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin in Zaostrovye (1726), the Ascension Church in Konetsgorye (1752), in the Assumption that still exists today. churches in Varzuga (1674). Of course, there are differences from these temples (as they themselves differ from each other), but the basis of the volumetric-spatial composition was conveyed by Shekhtel with a rare sense of taste and proportions. There is almost no far-fetched form, detachment from the real structure of folk wooden architecture. Where the principle of integrity is violated, for example, in the construction of a belfry, this is specially negotiated. It should be noted that the original external forms are recreated here as they were seen by researchers and lovers of antiquity at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, that is, under the late cladding, which makes the building clearer and dry, without the picturesqueness characteristic of crowns, the play of light and shade, natural whimsy forms. It is characteristic that the sophisticated language of Art Nouveau, the recognized master of which was F.O.Shekhtel, did not influence the neo-Russian style of the Nikolsky Church. Purity and logical clarity of forms, natural dynamics of composition are the basis of his architectural language. Even the outlines of "broken" barrels, different from the rounded old Russian ones, are determined by the influence of the material - tesa instead of a ploughshare, and not by a conscious technique.
The interior of the temple is also distinguished by its integrity, where the side rooms organically flow into the central space under the tent. Small forms have also been solved in harmony with the architecture: benches, fences for kliros, analogies and even candlesticks. The large chandelier-choros in the central part of the temple does not violate the impression of antiquity. The painted three-tiered (tyablovy) iconostasis, assembled from the icons of the 16th-17th centuries, a unique case of organic synthesis of "new-made" architecture with ancient pictorial originals, also goes back to ancient samples. Ensemble coherence, balance of parts and details (even in the arrangement of icons) make the temple a unique work of art.
The church was consecrated on July 20, 1916 in the presence of the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna, the Moscow governor, the mayor, the commander of the troops of the Moscow military district, commanders of the militia brigades, officers of the Tula squad, and the surrounding population.
In Soviet times, after the closure of other churches in the district, the number of parishioners at the Church of St. Nicholas increased from 300 to 2000 people. Constructed by a frame method, the temple could hardly accommodate parishioners and caused Shekhtel's concern for its technical condition. Turning to the Construction Commission with a memorandum in the mid-1920s, in order to save the church, he advised, with his participation, to establish constant technical control, upholstery inside the wall with asbestos sheets or thick Swedish cardboard, arrange electric heating, keep the underground dry, etc. ... He wrote: “In addition to technical measures to maintain the viability of this summer, light construction, I very much insist on decorating the church inside with painting. - bright inside, with paradise flowers, it should enchant them and make them not regret the relatively small costs of final improvement ... The painting inside the church church will be done by my son Lev Fedorovich and my daughter Vera Fedorovna - artists, according to my sketches, in the character of Ferapontov monastery and other sources of the 19th century.I have no doubt that the collegium of the People's Commissariat for Education, in my opinion, will declare it a reserve, in view of the valuable ancient images and generally undoubted interest, such as holidays of the 15th century.Local image of the Savior, written by the tsarist painter Simon Ushakov or his student Nesvitsky Banners are sewn according to my sketches by Countess M.D. Bobrinskaya Candles, choros, a large chandelier are forged according to my drawing chambers by masters of the squad, also leather panels on the bottom of the iconostasis with flowers. All newly donated icons, which are not of ancient value, should be accepted with gratitude and handed over for repair ... "At the end of the memorandum, he says that he" invented "a way to make a winter church out of a summer church by upholstery from the inside with two-topped thick boards.
Schechtel's plans were not destined to come true. The architect himself died in 1926, at the age of 67. And in 1935 the temple was closed, its belfry and tent were broken. According to old-timers, services continued for some time in the church. But soon a dormitory was placed in the building.
In the 60s. XX century, the church was finally demolished, in its place was built a multi-storey building number 4 on Dubki street.
Three decades later, Mikhail Demin, Prefect of the Northern Administrative District of Moscow, and Priest Georgy Polozov had the idea of restoring the church. Work on the restoration of the church began at the end of 1996. The project of the temple was developed by the architect A. Bormotov using the surviving drawings of F. Shekhtel, amateur photographs and sketches. The project was supervised by an experienced architect-restorer V.I. Yakubeni. The construction was carried out by the joint-stock company "Arkada". The new temple is adapted for winter time, it is heated, placed on a strong stone foundation, the walls are made of timber, and the roof is covered with copper. All this makes the building more durable than before.
The new temple was built not far from where the previous one stood in less than six months and was consecrated on April 20, 1997.
Based on the materials of the book "Temples of the Northern District" (Moscow, 1997), the article "Temple of St. Nicholas at the Straw Guard" (newspaper "Novy Timiryazevets", No. 10, 2002) and