A sharp increase in the external magnetic field - for example, during a magnetic storm - negatively affects your well-being. But much worse, as tests show, is the chronic deficiency of the magnetic field.
For the first time this syndrome was investigated by the Japanese scientist Nakagawa. Its main manifestations are weakness, fatigue, reduced working capacity, sleep disturbances, headaches, pain in the spine, pathology of the cardiovascular system, hypertension, digestive disorders, gynecological dysfunctions, etc.
So, the first, after returning to Earth, were found to have osteoporosis. As soon as artificial magnetic fields began to be used in space, such phenomena practically disappeared.
Lots of history
Magnets have been used for medicinal purposes in China as far back as the 20th century BC. Avicenna magnetically treated liver and spleen diseases. Paracelsus used magnets for bleeding and fractures. They say that Cleopatra wore a magnetic bracelet to preserve her youth. Also, the personal physician of Queen Elizabeth I, William Gilbert, and the famous physician of the 18th century, Franz Mesmer, used magnetic therapy to treat chronic pain, colic, gout, and mental disorders.
Modern approach
In Russia, magnetic therapy methods of treatment are recognized as medical. Magnetotherapy today is a field of medicine that uses the influence of a magnetic field to treat diseases. There are many magnetic devices in medical institutions. Depending on the goals and objectives, a person is exposed to different magnetic fields for therapeutic purposes: constant, variable, pulsating, rotating.
Range of application
The magnetic field affects the inhibition processes in the spinal cord and brain. Headaches and depression pass, oxygen supply to tissues, and the functioning of all organs improve.
The most sensitive to the magnetic field are blood, nervous and endocrine systems, heart and blood vessels. Magnetotherapy improves vascular elasticity, increases blood flow velocity and expands the capillary system. There is a normalization of sleep and well-being in general.
With the help of magnetotherapy, diseases of the musculoskeletal system (in particular, arthritis) are treated. There is a more rapid relief of the inflammatory and pain syndrome, a decrease in edema, and restoration of mobility. This method can be applied and. Magnetotherapy is actively used for wound healing. Also helps with migraines, headaches, fatigue, depression.
Mass market
Magnetic jewelry combines beauty and health. It has a permanent therapeutic effect on the body as a whole.
There are areas on the human body where the effect of magnets is most effective - these are the wrists, neck, and feet.
Structured water charged with magnets is also popular. It heals the body, removes toxins,. You can cook it yourself using a magnetic stick.
Contraindications
Self-medication with magnets can cause negative reactions in the body. Monitor your health and be sure to consult a doctor, especially since the treatment with magnets is not suitable for everyone. After all, each person has an individual body.
MKOU "Lobanovskaya basic secondary school"Earth's magnetic field and
its effect on living organisms
Completed by a student of grade 9
MKOU "Lobanovskaya OOSh"
Kataysky district
Bokova Natalia
Head: I. A. Borovinskikh
Physics teacher
Introduction ……………………………………………………………… .3
I. Earth's magnetic field
1. Features of the Earth's magnetic field …………………………… ..4
2.Changes in the Earth's magnetic field ……………………………… ... 6
1. Influence of magnetic field on plants and animals ……………………………………………………………… 7
2. Magnetism and man ……………………………………………… 9
3. Study of the dependence of people of different age groups on the influence of magnetic storms …………………………………………… .... 11
Conclusion …………………………………………………………… .13
Literature …………………………………………………………… ..14
Introduction
For billions of years, the natural magnetic field of the earth, being the primary periodic ecological factor, constantly influenced the state of ecosystems. In the course of evolutionary development, the structural and functional organization of ecosystems has adapted to the natural background. Some deviations are observed only during periods of solar activity, when, under the influence of a powerful corpuscular flux, the earth's magnetic field undergoes short-term sharp changes in its main characteristics. This phenomenon, called magnetic storms, adversely affects the state of all ecosystems, including the human body.
Thus, the goal of this project is to acquaint with the Earth's magnetic field and its effect on living organisms.
To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
1. Study the literature on this topic;
2. To acquaint with the features of the Earth's magnetic field;
3. To study the influence of the magnetic field on the body;
5. Test students;
6. Create diagrams;
7. Prepare a presentation, abstracts and make a conclusion.
To implement these tasks, I use the following methods:
study of literature;
analysis;
comparison;
generalization;
testing students;
creating diagrams
1. Features of the Earth's magnetic field
The amazing ability of a magnet to attract iron was known in ancient times. The property of a magnet to indicate south and north was discovered later. The Chinese knew about the ability of magnetized objects to be located in a certain direction several thousand years ago. For the first time the assumption about the presence of the Earth's magnetic field, which causes such behavior of magnetized objects, was expressed by the English physician and natural philosopher William Gilbert in 1600 in his book "De Magnete". Observations by the English astronomer Henry Gellibrand showed that the geomagnetic field is not constant, but slowly changing. José de Acosta (one of the Founders of Geophysics, according to Humboldt) in History (1590) first had a theory of four lines without magnetic declination (he described the use of a compass, the angle of deflection, the differences between the Magnetic and the North Pole; although the deviations were already known in XV century, he described the fluctuation of deviations from one point to another; he identified places with zero deviation: for example, in the Azores). Carl Gauss (German Carl Friedrich Gauß) put forward a theory about the origin of the Earth's magnetic field and in 1839 proved that most of it comes out of the Earth, and the reason for small, short deviations in its values must be sought in the external environment.
In 1600, the English scientist William Hilbert in his book "On the magnet, magnetic bodies and the big magnet - the Earth." Imagined the Earth as a giant permanent magnet, the axis of which does not coincide with the axis of rotation of the Earth (the angle between these axes is called magnetic declination).
Hilbert confirmed his assumption experimentally: he carved a large ball out of a natural magnet and, bringing the magnetic needle closer to the surface of the ball, showed that it is always set in the same way as a compass needle on the earth. Graphically, the earth's magnetic field is similar to the magnetic field of a permanent magnet.
In 1702 E. Halley creates the first magnetic maps of the Earth.
A magnetic field is a type of matter that exists around moving electrically charged particles of matter and carries out their interaction. It is created by moving electric charges or an alternating electric field.
A constant MF is created by a constant electric current or substances that have the properties of permanent magnets.
Magnetic properties are manifested in everything that surrounds a person, however, in most bodies, it is very insignificant. Minerals belonging to oxides of iron and titanium (magnetite, hematite, titanomagnetite, titanohematite) have strong magnetic properties and have a special atomic-crystal structure. Chemical elements with pronounced magnetic properties are called ferromagnets. These include iron, nickel, cobalt and their alloys used to make permanent magnets.
The main reason for the presence of the Earth's magnetic field is that the core of the Earth consists of red-hot iron (a good conductor of electrical currents that occur inside the Earth). The Earth's magnetic field forms a magnetosphere extending 70-80 thousand km in the direction of the Sun. It shields the Earth's surface, protects against the harmful effects of charged particles, high energies and cosmic rays, and determines the nature of the weather. The sun's magnetic field is 100 times greater than that of the earth.
Back in 1635, Gellibrand established that the earth's magnetic field was changing. Later it was found that there are constant and short-term changes in the Earth's magnetic field.
Changing the Earth's magnetic field
The reason for the constant change is the presence of mineral deposits.
There are areas on Earth where its own magnetic field is strongly distorted by the occurrence of iron ores. For example, the Kursk magnetic anomaly located in the Kursk region.
The reason for the short-term changes in the Earth's magnetic field is the action of the "solar wind", i.e. action of the flow of charged particles emitted by the sun. The magnetic field of this flow interacts with the magnetic field of the Earth, "magnetic storms" arise.
The frequency and strength of magnetic storms is influenced by solar activity.
During the years of maximum solar activity (once every 11.5 years) such magnetic storms occur that radio communication is disrupted, and the arrows of compasses begin to "dance" unpredictably.
The result of the interaction of charged particles of the "solar wind" with the Earth's atmosphere in northern latitudes is such a phenomenon as the "polar lights".
II. The influence of the magnetic field on living organisms
1. Influence of the magnetic field on plants and animals
How does a magnetic field affect living organisms? Apparently, termites, for example, have demonstrated susceptibility to the Earth's field. The researchers note that the insects are located across the magnetic field lines. We tried to screen the termite mound from the magnetic field, the insects immediately lost their ability to navigate in space, “settled” at random. A powerful magnet brings "order" again. American biologist Brown has shown that mollusks, worms and even algae are oriented in the earth's field. The German entomologist Becker observed that beetles, bees, and other insects prefer north-south or west-east when flying. Both birds and animals were magnetically sensitive. It is noticed that magnetic forces inhibit conditioned and unconditioned reflexes. How do living beings perceive invisible tension? Experimenting with different animals, scientists have found out that magnetic forces are perceived directly by the brain. Only after damage to the hypothalamus is the conditioned reflex in the field sharply disturbed. So, in the first moments of the magnetic field, it affects, first of all, the functions of the central nervous system, but later its action affects the work of other organs, the cells of which are also distinguished by a high level of metabolism. The lizard's head was acted upon by a permanent magnet, and it came to a state similar to that which occurs during general anesthesia. In the "Bulletin of Agricultural Science" (1974), the authors of the article report that under the influence of a low-frequency magnetic field in cows, the fat composition of milk is noticeably improved. The permanent magnet field heals and prevents mastitis. The field also improves the blood picture. Even the sex ratio in the offspring is possibly related to the orientation of the animals in the earth's magnetic field. Do not remain "indifferent" to the magnetic influences of the plant. Researchers A. Krylov and G. Tarakanova carried out experiments with seeds of corn and wheat. They moistened them and laid them in seedlings along the lines of the geomagnetic field. Seeds oriented to the south emerged earlier, roots and stems grew faster. Wheat sown in rows to the west-east produces a better crop than the same variety on the same land planted along the meridian. In a word, both flora and fauna are not indifferent to the effects of magnetic forces. Mice during a long stay in a "non-magnetic environment" die faster and do not give birth to offspring. The Earth's magnetic field serves many living organisms for orientation in space. Some marine bacteria are located in the bottom silt at a certain angle to the lines of force of the Earth's magnetic field, which is explained by the presence of small ferromagnetic particles in them.
Flies and other insects "land" preferably in a direction across or along the magnetic lines of the earth's magnetic field. For example, termites are resting so that they turn out to be heads in one direction: in some groups - in parallel, in others - perpendicular
magnetic field lines.
The earth's magnetic field also serves as a reference point for migratory birds. Scientists recently learned that birds have a small magnetic "compass" in the eye area - a tiny tissue field in which magnetite crystals are located, which have the ability to magnetize in a magnetic field. In a word, both flora and fauna are not indifferent to the effects of magnetic forces. It is interesting to note that not only man uses the power of earthly magnetism (for example, for navigation). There is some reason to believe that birds, which surprise us with their ability to find the places in which they were once born and lived during their flights, also use these powers. Not so long ago, interesting experiments were carried out with carrier pigeons, which, as you know, are distinguished by their ability to determine their permanent location. Five pigeons were taken away from the city in which they were staying. Released, the birds returned unmistakably. Then a small magnet was attached to each pigeon under its wings and the experiment was repeated. It turned out that only one pigeon out of five returned home, and then after a long wandering on the way. So, on our planet, under the influence of the magnetic forces of the Earth, the compass needle is set in a certain direction. But it happens that the compass needle suddenly begins to worry, suddenly and suddenly shudder, rushing from side to side. Scientists call such phenomena magnetic storms. The Earth's magnetic field has yet to be well studied in order to fully figure out its effect on nature.
2. Magnetism and man
From time to time, powerful explosions occur on the Sun, as a result of which a stream of charged particles is thrown into interplanetary space. When it reaches the magnetic shell of our planet in one or two days, then, interacting with it, causes its indignation. The Earth's magnetic field begins to shrink, fluctuate - this is how a phenomenon called "magnetic storm" occurs.
A young and healthy person will calmly survive any storm and will not even notice it, but an elderly and sick person will not always. According to statistics from the Ministry of Health, on days when a magnetic storm occurs, the number of heart attacks increases three and a half times, strokes - two times, angina attacks - one and a half times.
The magnetic storm hits the most vulnerable places. Some have exacerbated chronic diseases, others have a heartache, still others have migraines, and still others fall into depression. Cores, people with excess weight and disorders of the vegetative-vascular system are especially poorly tolerated by a magnetic storm.
It has now been reliably established that during magnetic storms there is a high degree of risk for persons susceptible to cardiovascular diseases. During the period of magnetic storms, people with hypertension are more likely to develop a crisis. In relation to patients with essential hypertension, an unfavorable biotropic effect of the end of the storm was noted. There is a point of view (Agulova L.P., 1996), according to which a hypertensive crisis is a resonance. It occurs when a combination of high interfunctional synchronization and low adaptation reserve. Hypertensive crises occur at extreme points of highly synchronized biological rhythms, more often at the maximum. At these points, the body has the least resistance. The occurrence of hypertensive crises (resonance) can be triggered by both internal and external reasons. Among the external causes, a significant place belongs to geophysical and cosmic factors. Hypertensive crises occur mainly in patients with a right hemispheric profile of brain asymmetry. The activity of the right hemispheres is closely related to the state of the diencephalic structures, which are assigned the leading role in the mechanism of compensatory-adaptive reactions.
It is noted that in patients with ischemic heart disease angina attacks are observed 2 times more often on magnetically disturbed days than on days with low magnetic activity.
In addition, during the same periods, the risk of developing myocardial infarction increases, and the course of the disease is much more difficult than in patients who develop myocardial infarction in a relatively calm geophysical environment. The increase in the number of myocardial infarction during magnetic storms according to Breus T.K. (1992) is a consequence of a violation of biological rhythms. It is also known that under unfavorable heliogeophysical conditions, the lethality from myocardial infarction is 2 times higher than on quiet days. It was also found that the maximum number of sudden deaths from myocardial infarction occurs on the second day after geomagnetic disturbances.
3. Study of the dependence of people of different age groups on the influence of magnetic storms.
After studying this material, I had a desire to observe for myself how magnetic phenomena affect the well-being of people. I have traced this pattern on the example of different age groups of people. Group 1: 10-20 years old, Group 2: 20-40 years old, 3 groups: 40-65 years old. I set a goal for myself: to establish the degree of influence of magnetic storms on our performance and well-being and to calculate the percentage of those who are dependent on the number of respondents. We tracked it for 2 months.
A total of 18 people were interviewed. From the first group - 10 people. There are 3 people from the second group, 4 people from the third group. To the question: Do magnetic storms affect your well-being, the following answers were received:
The results are displayed in the form of a diagram.
The state of health sometimes worsened on the day preceding the difficult one or on the next. The main complaints about health were: headache, weakness, drops in blood pressure. The great dependence of people of groups 2 and 3 is explained by age-related changes, weakening of the protective function of the body. In addition, people with magnetic shielding were identified.
Thus, I checked that the influence of geomagnetic disturbances on the human body exists, but it is purely individual. In some, magnetic storms cause a noticeable response, while others have inherently good protection against magnetic attacks. As a result of the experiment, all participants learned about their dependence or not dependence on the influence of magnetic storms. For addicts, we held a consultation on how to help yourself in difficult geomagnetic days. They recommended not to undergo heavy physical exertion, to take appropriate medications in advance.
Conclusion
At the end of the work, I can say with confidence that I have coped with the set goal. I examined in some detail how magnetic forces affect living organisms, humans. As a result of its completion, I realized that magnetism is the science of the future; it keeps numerous secrets in itself. Solving them means learning to live in harmony with nature, with the Earth, with the Universe. I hope that the acquired knowledge will be useful to me in later life. In any case, working on this project was fun and educational. Indeed, according to Albert Einstein: "The joy of seeing and understanding is the most beautiful gift of nature!"
Literature
1. Big Soviet Encyclopedia.
2. Koronovskiy NV Magnetic field of the Earth's geological past. Soros Educational Journal, N5, 1996, pp. 56-63
3. Koshkin N.I., Shirkevich M.G. Handbook of elementary physics. - M .: Nauka, 1976.
4. Sivukhin DV General course of physics. - Ed. 4th, stereotypical. - M .: FIZMATLIT; Publishing house of MIPT, 2004. - T. III. Electricity. - 656 p. - ISBN 5-9221-0227-3; ISBN 5-89155-086-5.
5. Physics. Translated from English under the editorship of Professor Kitaygorodsky. Moscow. Science 1975
6. "Physical fireworks" by J. Walker. Translated from English under the editorship of I. Sh. Slobodetskiy, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences.
7. http://www.ionization.ru/issue/iss77.htm
8. http://sgpi.ru/wiki/index.php
1. Introduction.
2. The main part.
a) The earth is a big magnet.
b) History of research.
c) Displacement of the Earth's magnetic poles.
d) The structure of the Earth's magnetic field.
e) Field parameters.
E) Plasmasphere.
g) Magnetic storms.
H) The influence of the magnetism of the Earth on a person.
3. Conclusion.
4. Literature.
Introduction
You pick up the compass, pull the lever towards you so that the magnetic needle falls on the tip of the needle. When the arrow has calmed down, try positioning it in a different direction. You won't succeed. No matter how much you deflect the arrow from its original position, after calming down, it will always point north with one end, and south with the other. What force causes the compass needle to stubbornly return to its original position? Everyone asks himself a similar question, looking at a slightly vibrating, as if alive, magnetic needle.
The earth is a big magnet.
The amazing ability of a magnet to attract iron was known in ancient times. The property of a magnet to indicate south and north was discovered later. Even Columbus, when he sailed to America, discovered that the geographical meridian does not coincide with the magnetic one along which the compass needle is set. The angle between these two directions is called magnetic declination. Every place on Earth has a different declination angle, and the navigator of a ship or plane must have an accurate magnetic declination map. Such a map is compiled using compass readings. It is known, for example, that in the Moscow region the declination angle is 7 ° to the east, and in Yakutsk - about 17 ° to the west. This means that the northern end of the compass needle in Moscow deviates 7 ° to the right of the geographic meridian passing through Moscow, and in Yakutsk - 17 ° to the left of the corresponding meridian. The Earth's magnetic axis is tilted to the geographic one at an angle of about 11 °, 5, so the geographic poles also do not coincide with the magnetic poles. The magnetic needle can be made to oscillate and not on the tip, as is done in a compass. It can be fixed on a horizontal axis, then it will swing in a vertical plane. This arrow is called the inclination arrow. Indeed, it shows at what angle to the horizon the magnetic force of the Earth acts on it in a given place, that is, what is the magnetic inclination. At the North and South magnetic poles, the arrowhead points straight down: the magnetic inclination is greatest here - it is equal to 90 °. The angles of magnetic inclination are well studied throughout the Earth. If abrupt changes in inclination angles are found, this indicates that magnetized rocks or iron ores are hidden in this place under the surface of the Earth. The earth is a large magnet, from the poles of which the lines of force of the magnetic field diverge. The compass arrows on the surface of the Earth are oriented towards the magnetic poles. Inside the Earth, a turbine generator acts, as it were. This was the opinion of the American physicist Elsasser.
The role of the turbine in it is played by heat fluxes: they lift large masses of molten metal in all directions from the depths of the core in all directions, which has the property of a liquid. Coriolis force "twists" them around the earth's axis, thus forming giant loops inside the "earth's dynamo". In these closed streams of hot metal, as in the turns of the wire on the armature of a conventional dynamo machine, an induction current must have arisen long ago. He gradually magnetized the earth's core. The initial very weak magnetic field intensified until, over time, it reached its limiting value. This limit was reached in the distant past. And although the terrestrial turbine generator continues its work, the kinetic energy of violent flows of liquid metal is now spent not on magnetizing the terrestrial core, but is completely converted into heat. As for the weak initial magnetic field, without which the terrestrial turbine generator could not start working, its origin is not difficult to justify. To do this, it is enough to recall the attempt to explain the magnetism of the Earth by its daily rotation. It was considered unsuccessful only because it gave the globe a negligible magnetization. But in a natural "turbogenerator" the initial field can be as small as you like, because over time it will increase to the required size. Not all difficulties of the new theory have been overcome yet. It is not possible, for example, to calculate the magnitude of the induction current in the earth's core. It has not yet been clarified to what extent the magnetic field in the core should be amplified. The laws of motion of a metal that conducts an electric current in the magnetic field of the earth's core are still little known. Scientists have not yet been able to fully unravel the true cause of the magnetism of the Earth and other celestial bodies. But it is safe to say that science is now close to solving this difficult problem.
Research history.
The Chinese knew about the ability of magnetized objects to be located in a certain direction several thousand years ago. For the first time the assumption about the presence of the Earth's magnetic field, which causes such behavior of magnetized objects, was expressed by the English physician and natural philosopher William Gilbert in 1600 in his book "De Magnete". Observations by the English astronomer Henry Gellibrand showed that the geomagnetic field is not constant, but slowly changing. Jose de Acosta (one of the Founders of Geophysics, according to Humboldt), in his History (1590), first had a theory of four lines without magnetic declination (he described the use of a compass, the angle of deflection, the differences between the Magnetic and the North Pole; although deviations were still known in the 15th century, he described the fluctuation of deviations from one point to another; he identified places with zero deviation: for example, in the Azores). Carl Gauss (German Carl Friedrich Gauß) put forward a theory about the origin of the Earth's magnetic field and in 1839 proved that most of it comes out of the Earth, and the reason for small, short deviations in its values must be sought in the external environment. Displacement of the Earth's magnetic poles . The displacement of the magnetic poles has been recorded since 1885. Over the past 100 years, the magnetic pole in the southern hemisphere has moved almost 900 km and entered the Indian Ocean. The latest data on the state of the Arctic magnetic pole (moving towards the East Siberian world magnetic anomaly across the Arctic Ocean) showed that from 1973 to 1984 its range was 120 km, from 1984 to 1994 - more than 150 km. Although these figures are calculated, they are confirmed by measurements of the north magnetic pole. As of the beginning of 2007, the drift speed of the North Magnetic Pole increased from 10 km / year in the 70s to 60 km / year in 2004. The strength of the earth's magnetic field falls, and unevenly. Over the past 22 years, it has decreased by an average of 1.7%, and in some regions - for example, in the South Atlantic Ocean - by 10%. In some places, the intensity of the magnetic field, contrary to the general trend, even increased. The acceleration of the movement of the poles (by an average of 3 km / year) and their movement along the corridors of magnetic pole inversions (more than 400 paleoinversions made it possible to identify these corridors) suggests that in this movement of the poles one should see not an excursion, but another polarity reversal of the Earth's magnetic field. This is also confirmed by the current increase in the opening angle of cusps (polar gaps in the magnetosphere in the north and south), which reached 45 ° by the mid-1990s. The radiation material of the solar wind, interplanetary space and cosmic rays rushed into the expanded slits, as a result of which a greater amount of matter and energy enters the polar regions, which can lead to additional heating of the polar caps. In the past, magnetic pole reversals have occurred many times and life has survived. The question is at what cost. If, as stated in some hypotheses, during the polarity reversal, the Earth's magnetosphere disappears for some time, then a flux of cosmic rays will fall on the Earth, which poses a danger to the inhabitants of land and even more if the disappearance of the magnetosphere is associated with the depletion of the ozone layer. It is encouraging that during the polarity reversal of the Sun's magnetic field, which occurred in March 2001, the complete disappearance of the solar magnetosphere was not recorded. The polarity reversal of the solar magnetic field occurs with a period of 22 years.
The structure of the Earth's magnetic field.
At a small distance from the Earth's surface, about three of its radii, the magnetic field lines have a dipole-like arrangement. This area is called the Earth's plasmasphere.
As the distance from the Earth's surface increases, the effect of the solar wind increases: from the direction of the Sun, the geomagnetic field contracts, and from the opposite, night side, it stretches into a long tail.
Field parameters.
Points on the Earth where the magnetic field strength is vertical are called magnetic poles. There are two such points on Earth: the north magnetic pole and the south magnetic pole. The straight line passing through the magnetic poles is called the earth's magnetic axis. The circumference of a great circle in a plane that is perpendicular to the magnetic axis is called the magnetic equator. The magnetic field strength at the points of the magnetic equator has an approximately horizontal direction.
The average field strength on the Earth's surface is about 0.5 Oe (50 μT) and strongly depends on the geographic location. The magnetic field strength at the magnetic equator is about 0.34 Oe (Oersted), at the magnetic poles about 0.66 Oe. In some areas (in the so-called areas of magnetic anomalies), the intensity rises sharply. In the region of the Kursk magnetic anomaly, it reaches 2 Oe.
The magnetic dipole moment of the Earth in 1995 was 7.812 1025 G cm³ (or 7.812 1022 A m²), decreasing on average over the past decades by 0.004 1025 G cm³ or 1/4000 per year.
Widespread approximation of the Earth's magnetic field in the form of a series in harmonics - the Gaussian series.
The Earth's magnetic field is characterized by disturbances called geomagnetic pulsations due to the excitation of hydromagnetic waves in the Earth's magnetosphere; the ripple frequency range extends from millihertz to one kilohertz. The Earth's magnetic field is characterized by the following main parameters: the values of the magnetic declination and magnetic inclination and the numerical values of the magnetic field strength. Magnetic declination is the angle between the astronomical (geographic) meridian and the magnetic meridian. Astronomical meridian is the direction that determines the true north-south position at a given location. The magnetic meridian is an imaginary line on the earth's surface that coincides with the direction of the earth's magnetic field. Magnetic inclination ¬- the angle between the horizontal plane and the direction of the vector of the magnetic field strength. Ampere per meter (A / m) is taken as a unit of magnetic field strength.
Plasmasphere.
Currents in the ionosphere have a noticeable effect on the magnetic field on the Earth's surface. This region of the upper atmosphere extending from heights of the order of 100 km and higher. Contains a large amount of ions. Plasma is held by the Earth's magnetic field, but its state is determined by the interaction of the Earth's magnetic field with the solar wind, which explains the connection between magnetic storms on Earth and solar flares.
Magnetic storms Geomagnetic storm is a disturbance of the geomagnetic field lasting from several hours to several days, caused by the arrival of disturbed high-speed streams of the solar wind and the associated shock wave in the vicinity of the Earth. The 1859 geomagnetic storm (Carrington Storm, Superstorm Solar, Carrington Event) was the largest geomagnetic storm in history. Less severe storms occurred in 1921 and 1960, when there were massive radio disruptions. Scientific forecast of geomagnetic activity using data from telescopes and satellites is given no more than a day ahead with a correlation coefficient of 0.7. On the third day, the correlation coefficient drops to 0.3. The forecast for a month ahead can only be based on the 27-day recurrence associated with the period of the Sun's rotation around the axis. Such a forecast cannot pretend to be highly accurate, since the average lifetime of active centers is 6-10 days.
The influence of the earth's magnetism on humans.
Studies carried out in the 50s-70s have established the effect on a person of magnetic fields in general and magnetic storms in particular. This is quite convincingly and thoroughly stated in the books of AS Presman "Electromagnetic field and nature" and "Electromagnetic fields in the biosphere". Here are some examples. In 1930, A. L. Chizhevsky, and then other researchers drew attention to the relationship between the development of a number of diseases and the processes occurring on the sun. On the basis of statistical data obtained over many years, A. L. Chizhevsky showed a connection between an increase in solar activity and outbreaks of an epidemic of plague, cholera, diphtheria, influenza, meningitis and even relapsing fever. British scientists have established a pronounced increase in neuropsychic diseases during 67 magnetic storms. Similar data were obtained on 40 thousand diseases. In the period 1957- 1961. on 30 thousand diseases, the influence of 7, 14, 21, 35-day systematic increases in magnetic intensity on the severity of the disease was traced. A similar effect on the development of cardiovascular disorders was found. In this regard, the detailed observations carried out by V.M. Gnedushev in Sverdlovsk are of interest. A.S. Presman draws attention to the fact that during periods of solar activity, the multiplication and toxicity of a number of pathogenic bacteria increase, the rate of blood coagulation and the number of lymphocytes increase. VK Podshebyakin in Kiev on a very large number of cases established a clear change in biopotentials in amplitude, frequency and shape of curves that occur during magnetic storms. on the basis of his data, he classifies people into the following groups: the first group includes those who, by changing the value of the amplitude of the biopotential of the brain, react to the coming magnetic storm in 3-4 days; by the second ¬- reacting per day; to the third - at the moment of the storm itself; to the fourth - after 2-3 days after the storm and, finally, to the last (10-15% of those observed) - people whose biopotential state was not affected by the magnetic storm. These facts are not exhaustive. However, the conclusions obtained at different times, in different countries and by different observers unequivocally prove that the fact of the influence of magnetic fields and magnetic storms on a person is reliable. But through what mechanisms is this influence carried out? Electric fields, electric currents in one way or another manifest their influence through interaction with the electrical parameters of a living organism. If the influence of a magnetic field is found, then we can assume that the field interacts with the magnetic properties of a living organism. A characteristic feature of the effect of a magnetic field on a living organism is that it is "transparent" to the field. The vital organs of the body are protected to one degree or another by the muscles from being hit by a stick. Even a strong fire does not immediately lead to a difficult outcome. The circulatory system, musculature, which have electrical conductivity, can, to a certain extent, bypass dangerous currents. Penetrating radiation is partially or completely absorbed in the surface areas of the body. And only the magnetic field acts on the entire organism at once as a whole: from the body and organ to the cell and its individual molecules and atoms.
Conclusion.
It is interesting to note that not only man uses the power of earthly magnetism (for example, for navigation). There is some reason to believe that birds, which surprise us with their ability to find the places in which they were once born and lived during their flights, also use these powers. Not so long ago, interesting experiments were carried out with carrier pigeons, which, as you know, are distinguished by their ability to determine their permanent location. Five pigeons were taken away from the city in which they were staying. Released, the birds returned unmistakably. Then a small magnet was attached to each pigeon under its wings and the experiment was repeated. It turned out that only one pigeon out of five returned home, and then after a long wandering on the way. So, on our planet, under the influence of the magnetic forces of the Earth, the compass needle is set in a certain direction. But it happens that the compass needle suddenly begins to worry, suddenly and suddenly shudder, rushing from side to side. Scientists call such phenomena magnetic storms. The Earth's magnetic field has yet to be well studied in order to fully clarify its effect on the nature
Used Books1. Big Soviet Encyclopedia.
2. Koronovskiy NV Magnetic field of the Earth's geological past. Soros Educational Journal, N5, 1996, pp. 56-63
3. Koshkin N.I., Shirkevich M.G. Handbook of elementary physics. - M .: Nauka, 1976.
4. Sivukhin DV General course of physics. - Ed. 4th, stereotypical. - M .: FIZMATLIT; Publishing house of MIPT, 2004. - T. III. Electricity. - 656 p. - ISBN 5-9221-0227-3; ISBN 5-89155-086-5.
5. Physics. Translated from English under the editorship of Professor Kitaygorodsky. Moscow. Science 1975
6. "Physical fireworks" by J. Walker. Translated from English under the editorship of I. Sh. Slobodetskiy, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences.
It is known that the Earth's magnetic field protects us from the harmful effects of sunlight, but it can also have a direct effect on the human body. Both positive and negative.
Magnetic field and living organism
Modern science has already proven that the earth's magnetic field affects living organisms. It has also been established that living beings not only perceive electromagnetic flows, but also generate their own.
Biophysicists and doctors note the positive effect of the magnetic field on the circulatory system - the state of the blood vessels, the activity of oxygen transfer through the blood, the transport of nutrients.
Back in the nineteenth century, the French neuropathologist J.M. Charcot and the Russian clinician S.P. Botkin drew attention to the fact that the magnetic field has a calming effect on the nervous system. The Soviet scientist A.S. Presman put forward a hypothesis according to which the electromagnetic fields existing in nature had an impact on the evolution of living organisms. According to Presman's theory, along with energy interactions in biological processes, information interactions play an essential role. Moreover, if the sensitivity of the perceiving systems is high enough, the transmission of information by an electromagnetic field can be carried out using very little energy. This theory has received confirmation in the studies of modern, in particular, American scientists.
All-pervading effect
Features of the influence of a magnetic field on a person are fundamentally different from any other effect - chemical, thermal, radiation, electrical. For example, if the muscles and the circulatory system can partly shunt a dangerous current, and radiation can be partially absorbed by the surface layers of the body, then the magnetic field affects the entire body. Employees of the Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation of the Russian Academy of Sciences assume that magnetic fields operate in the ultra-low frequency range, and therefore correspond to the main physiological rhythms - heart, brain, and respiration.
In particular, it was confirmed that the frequencies of the so-called "Schumann resonance" (amplification of electromagnetic atmospheric noise) coincide with the frequencies of the brain.
According to scientists, unlike other physiological influences, a person may not feel the wobbling of the magnetic field, but the body nevertheless reacts to it, first of all, with functional changes in the nervous, cardiovascular systems and brain activity.
Magnetic field and psyche
Psychiatrists have long traced the connection between surges in the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field and exacerbations of mental illness, which often lead to suicide. Kelly Posner, a leading psychiatrist at Columbia University in the USA, notes that “the most likely explanation for the close relationship between psychological deviations in humans and geomagnetic storms is that there is a mismatch in the body’s circadian rhythms (cyclical fluctuations in the intensity of various biological processes with a period of about 20 to 28 hours. ) and a failure in the production of melatonin - the main hormone of the pineal gland, which is responsible for the regulation of circadian rhythms.
Geomagnetic storms directly affect the internal biological clock of the body in a destructive mode, thereby provoking the onset of depressive conditions and an increase in the likelihood of suicide. "
British scientists also drew attention to the connection between neuropsychic disorders and the processes of the Earth's magnetic field. They managed to identify this pattern by examining about 40 thousand patients.
Reaction to magnetic storms
At one time, Russian biophysicist Alexander Chizhevsky, on the basis of numerous statistical data, pointed out the seriousness of the impact of geomagnetic storms on human health. Such storms, according to the scientist, are the culprits of outbreaks of plague, cholera, diphtheria, influenza, meningitis and even relapsing fever. The Yerevan Medical Institute studied the effect of disturbances in the Earth's magnetic field on the incidence of myocardial infarction. This disease is convenient for research in that it is possible to clearly determine the time of the onset of its occurrence, and then relate the data to the time of the onset of magnetic storms. Studies have shown that on the day of the passage of the magnetic storm and over the next two days, the number of visits of people with cardiovascular problems, as well as the number of deaths, increased.
But doctors say that most often the human body reacts to disturbances in the Earth's magnetic field not immediately, but about a day after the start of the magnetic storm.
Numerous studies show that geomagnetic activity also affects the circulatory system. Even during moderate storms, blood clotting increases by about 2.5 times, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate also increases, which leads to the risk of thrombus formation.
"Magnetic field deficiency syndrome"
Doctor of Biological Sciences Petr Vasilik found that during periods of strengthening of the Earth's magnetic field, human growth slowed down, but now mankind is experiencing a period of decline in the activity of the planet's magnetic field and, accordingly, Vasilik explains the acceleration observed today.
And according to the Japanese scientist and doctor Kyochi Nakagawa, weakening geomagnetic activity is the cause of many disorders: poor sleep, loss of appetite, decreased immunity, a tendency to frequent diseases, diseases of the joints, skin, genitourinary system, nervousness and general weakness.
Nakagawa's theory is called Magnetic Field Deficiency Syndrome. However, the deficit of the magnetic field can be caused artificially. For example, in a spaceship or in a submarine, the effect of shielding the magnetic field is created. In people who fell into such conditions for a long time, significant violations of functional indicators were found, a decrease in metabolism and a decrease in the total number of leukocytes in the blood were observed, as well as precursors of various diseases.