The usual way of maintaining gardening, with pexts peculiar to it, an excess of the nadogymicates, the wounded "bare" land, depletes and infect the soil. The yield falls, cultures are poorly developing, they are ill, fruits are minor. To move away from traditional agriculture and replace it with a natural, restoring soil fertility, offered a dacnik from the Far East. Warm beds and an amazing garden of Igor Lyadov allow you to multiply yields regardless of the state of soils, the conditions of the site and weather popsicles.
Advantages of Lyadov technology
The essence of rational gloomy in Lyadov is reduced to the unification of two technologies:
- cultivation of cultures on narrow ridges, by the method of mitlider;
- transition to natural agriculture.
Lyadov shows a yield
From where the ideas were born
Pay attention to the Mitlider technology, Igor Lyadov forced the plight of his own garden. The plants suffered from an excess of rain moisture inherent in the Far Eastern climate, lost taste and benefit after feeding with mineral fertilizers, fruits were fine, the yield of the year fell from the year.
After noting that on traditionally wide garden beds (1.5-2 m), only those cultures that grew up from the edge were performed and opposed the diseases, Igor Nikolayevich suggested that the access of fresh air, light and space affects their condition.
Igor shows his potatoes
The Mitliderovskaya method of vegetable growing on narrow beds (up to 45 cm) in combination with wide arses (75 cm) was confirmed. But unlike Mitlider, Lyadov raised his ridges over 15-25 cm tracks to get rid of permanent floodings, and "enveloped" their wooden box. Such a vegetable container had a lot of advantages over the open landing:
- retained the shape of the ridge;
- kept water after watering;
- contributed to the rational composting of the Earth;
- prevented the loss of nutrient elements and carbon dioxide secreted by bacteria.
In high plants, tight and healthier
Own developments of Lyadov
The only thing that Lyadov decided to refuse to organize the ecological purity of the final product - the use of mineral fertilizers. Groans according to the Lyadov method receive only organic feeding based on manure, humus, ash, infusion of herbs.
The width of Lyadov Girdo allows 60-100 cm, and the passages are 60-80 cm. At the same time, the passages do not "walk" without affairs, but they work for an increase in yield, because, according to scientists, 60% of the food of culture is obtained from the air. If necessary, the ridges can be turned into a greenhouse, providing them with arcs and underfloor material.
The care of the vegetable container is not complicated: you do not need to be engaged in extracting and autumn pumping. It is only necessary to occasionally pour and spring in front of the landing works by a manual cultivator to explode the land by 5-7 cm to knock off the crust.
Thanks to this, the garden in Lyadov also called lazy beds. No need for feeding during the summer. Such a landing by itself is a compost bunch and excessive zeal can be reconciled by plants.
High beds of Igor Lyadov, thanks to the internal organic "stuffing", which decomposes and highlights heat, can be used for early sowing of thermo-loving crops, as well as in areas with a short summer and a rigid climate. In the arid areas to reduce the overheating of plants in the sun, the author proposes to paint the outer walls of the box with white breathable paint or lime.
Narrow ridges
Pluses of high beds
Natural agriculture, gentle soil protecting it from drops of temperature and loss of nutrients, given to plants - this is what warm beds and an amazing garden of Igor Lyadov. The benefits and rationality of this approach to gloomy are concluded in the following:
- the ridges will "work" 5-6 years, without requiring great care effort, labor-intensive processing of land, and a number of manual operations are not needed at all;
- during abundant or protracted rains, the height rescues from damage to the root system;
- wide aisle gives 100% of light and air;
- the absence of mineral fertilizers retains the purity of the fruit, the fertility of the Earth is restored;
- an organic device providing internal heat allows early landings;
- the plot on which the smart beds of Lyadov is broken, differs by purity, the order (there is no untidy compost pouches, they are hidden in containers) and more like a park than to the garden, especially if the aisle is sown with lawn grass;
- thanks to the layer laying of the nutrient material, the boxes are ready-made compost boxes and when planting fertilizers in the wells do not need to be made;
- the volume of harvest is 2 times more than on the usual garden, and the squares of the country area under the sowing is less;
- inside the container is well maintained moisture and often watered cultures do not need;
- the design can "work" for several years without replacement and fertilizer of the Earth.
Cucumbers do not touch the earth
What is grown on warm beds
Despite the narrowest of the landing site and the lack of mineral fertilizers, Ladov's beds are ideal for disembodies any cultures: leafy, root, berry (strawberry).
What cultures like height
When growing on raised narrow beds, it is important to comply with the proportions:
- large-like (cabbage, pumpkin and others) and bush (tomatoes, eggplants, peppers) plant in two rows in a checker order closer to the edge;
- leaf and fine-flowed in 3-4 rows (radishes, carrots, beets, garlic, onions, salad);
Crops with beds
Chess seating, according to Igor Nikolayevich, one of the best geometries in which plants develop well and productive. He also noticed that the harvest on the beds is better than the larger the plants of light and air. A small landing site with large passages best meets this requirement. In addition, the small area of \u200b\u200bthe land is generous shares with a culture with cultures than big.
The amazing yield of Ladov's beds is due to the right layered arrangement of heterogeneous organic material in a built vegetable container. Such a "puff pastry" gradually decomposes, gives good food and heats the soil.
In order for the mold and causative agents of disease in this compost pile, a permanent air exchange is needed. The use of sand helps to solve this issue. They dilute loamy and clay soils, they become easier and the roots are better breathing in them.
Alternation of landings depending on age
The beds in Lyadov can be used for 4-5 years in a row without feeding, and this is what is better to grown on them in accordance with the "age":
- In the first year of creating microorganisms container intensively decompose organic raw materials. In the ground a lot of heat and nutrition for plants. Such conditions are ideal for cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkins. In the first two years it is better to refuse to plant beets, radish and salad, as they accumulate nitrates.
- In the second year, you can continue to plant cucumbers, zucchini. There is still a lot of nutrition in the soil. Also suitable for planting tomatoes, cabbage.
- On the third year, the organic reserves decrease, but they are enough for peppers, beans, cabbage, tomato, potatoes, lettuce, carrots and beets. The two recent cultures are better to plant near, as they help each other in growth and strengthening.
- For the fourth year, you can still do without additional feeding, if you plant the undemanding to food of culture: peas, greens.
Once made beds, serve for many years
In the future, you can do in two ways:
- The contents of vegetable containers shift into the garden or to the garden to improve the structure of the Earth. And the formwork is re-filled.
- Severe sewer beds, such as oats. Feelable to the ground with a reworked manure or make a compost. In the autumn oats mix with the soil, it will be the best compost and nutrition for microorganisms.
Make the beds of Lyadov do it yourself
If you describe in a nutshell - this is a fence from any girlfriend, filled with heterogeneous organic. Geometry and the design of high beds Igor Lyadov can be any: rectangle, wave, oval, choose the best option to help the photo. On the construction of the Giber-box, the costs of boards, nails, paint and time, but this is the only minus of this technology of vegetable growing.
Typical scheme of device
Food box-boxes
Creating a bed-box with your own hands and its filling is better to start in the fall. Then, by the Spring, the land will see, as a result of the operation of microorganisms and the debate of the tops, foliage and it is easy to deliver it. The box is going without a bottom. Igor Lyadov himself builds his beds from logs and boards. Below is its construction methodology.
- On a flat platform, the logs are laid at a distance of 60-120 cm (depending on the dryingness of the area: the greater the amount of hot summer days, the greater can be done). Loss of arbitrary.
- The logs fasten with nails. Instead of the bottom, the platform inside the box will be asstated by cardboard. He will save sowing from weeds and pests.
The process of creating a box
The height of the box wall varies from 15 to 30 cm and is selected depending on the climate: the rainy summer season or north the area, the higher the wall. It is necessary to place a garden in a straightmost "north-south" so that it gets maximum sunlight.
Tracks-aisle, the famous dacket proposes to fall asleep with sand or sawdust, coat with rubberoid or PVV film, so that they remain clean from dirt and weeds.
Control from the board
Improvisation of folk craftsmen
The tree is not the only material from which dackets build vegetable containers. Having understood in the question how to make Ladov's beds, they improvise from any materials:
- Beautiful and durable alternative wood will be sides of stone or brick. These materials are appropriate in any landscape, look spectacular and allow you to build a high bed of any form.
- The inexpensive replacement of the tree and brick will serve as a leaf plastic. The main thing to choose the material is environmentally friendly.
- It looks very original out of wicker branches, but it is very short-lived.
- There are options for arrangement of beds from bottles of glass and plastic. Bottles are placed by rows or wall out and fasten with cement mortar or rope. Option is economical, but plastic is not durable material.
- You can use the sheets (wide bands) of stainless steel as portors. The option is very durable, durable, but expensive. It is not recommended to use non-stainless steel, since corrosion products will constantly wash off to the ground with rainwater.
- You can make high beds from slate, new or remaining from the old building. If you paint the sides in bright colors, it will be rosy and original. This is an economical option, since Slate is durable and cheap.
Vegetable containers from slate
A variant of the "swallowed" warm bed is also possible when the organic raw material is laid in the prepared trench. Raising over the main level of land in such a landing is small, and maybe there is no absent.
This option is suitable for sites where the spring of melt water is not stored, and the groundwater is not suitable to the surface. It is cheaper to build it (there is no need to purchase materials for sides), and it is easier to care, watering a swallowed landing requires less.
Disposal of bottles
Filling a gro.
The layer laying of heterogeneous raw materials into high narrow beds Igor Lyadov is made according to the following scheme:
- Cardboard, serving the bottom of the box, is covered with a thin layer of sand. Sandwinking will provide drainage.
- The sand is laying out a vegetable layer of 1.5-3 cm from large organic raw materials: branches, cooks corn, tomato treasure, potatoes, trees leaves, sunflower residues. This layer will provide feeding the root systems of cultures.
- The fertilizer layer, which is formed from various info: herbs, manure and contributes to the breeding of microorganisms. The irons watered the organic and closed its land, removed from the river.
- The earth is falling asleep at 8-10 cm, but not in short with sides, so that the place is left to climb the organic beds of Lyadov.
Filling scheme
Total raised beds contain no more than 30 cm organic material and thanks to this roots of plants do not overheat, but grow powerful and healthy.
Video: How to build high beds with your own hands
The use of smart garden saves strength and time, and the organic farming proposed by Igor Lyadov helps plants to reveal and give a person to the maximum of their capabilities. On the way to a rich and healthy crop, it is important to correctly take the first step: to build and fill the high bed. And if there are some doubts, refer to the specialists.
A modern man is needed not only to satisfy the peasant's instinct and ensure its family with vegetables and fruits, but also as a place to relax from urban problems and fuss. And no one is in doubt that relaxing is always pleasant at a conveniently equipped beautiful territory. The topic of our article is "smart" beds from the point of view of organic farming.
The main goal of organic agriculture is to preserve and increasing the fertility of the soil. And the technology of the device "smart" beds will help us learn how to plan it right and decorate the nuclear area.
The beds in organic agriculture may look different, but the basic principle of their formation is to maximize small areas.
The "smart" tracks must have a width of at least 40 centimeters - so it will be convenient to walk, carry a wheelbarrow, wearing water and so on. The most inconvenient in the garden is straight corners. Therefore, when booking "smart" beds and "smart" tracks you will have a wide field for experiments and creativity. You can equip oblique, triangular, radial beds, in this case everything rests on the convenience of using and maintenance.
The "smart" beds can be raised above the ground or deepened in it, may be "relaxed" and filled with humus. The height of raised beds ranges from 20 to 80 centimeters, and the width can be different, it all depends on the fact that it is planned to grow on such a garden.
Organic farming is constantly in development. Practitioners gardeners from year to year improve the methods of creating "smart" beds, invent various forms and configurations. Here the main thing is to deal with the basic principles, understand the essence of the process, and then everything will depend on your desire and opportunities.
Raised beds-containers
Vegetable container is one of the varieties of raised beds, which are used in organic farming. The width of this structure is usually about a meter, the length of any, and the height is from 30-40 cm to 70-80 cm. Such beds are conveniently organized directly on the lawn, and they will give your garden with tiled masonry - such a fence beds for vegetables . In the center of the garden, you can install a sleeper for climbing crops. And ideally, such a "flower" need to cover the transparent roof, it will protect the vegetables from various diseases.
For the walls of a vegetable container, thin materials (plywood, slate, thin boards, and especially iron) are not suitable, since such a bed will be very hot in hot. And in the shadow it can not be equipped - there will be no good crop. In this case, the framework must be done by capital, because it can damage strong winds, and the weight of the plants during the fruiting period is not small (50 kg per meter running). It is best to use a timber or brica, brick or wild stone.
A vegetable container is filled in layers only by organic. At the very bottom, you can put rotten large branches of trees, chips, chips. Next is the coarse non-driving organic, which is poured to accelerate ripening with bacterial fertilizers. We will talk about these fertilizers in more detail with you in the following articles. The non-dried organic is driven by humus and earth. Next to the very top, the garden is filled with a layer of finished compost. It is important that this layer is at least 15-20 cm. It is impossible to mix sand or land to the finished compost, it is compacted from this and settles. It is not necessary to looser such a bed, in the spring you just need to add a layer of finished leveling, and when the planted plants are growing, the soil must be closed by straw or other suitable materials.
Watering a vegetable container is best done inner. To do this, when bookmarking the garden, it is necessary to evenly insert several tanks with holes (pipes or plastic bottles), which should be filled with water as needed. Under the humus, you can also bury the holey hoses, wrapped with by kapron stockings or other synthetics transmitting water. The end of the hose is outward and attached to the water source. The main thing is not to forget to turn off the water in 15-20 minutes so as not to dismisse the bed.
The vegetable container is best done with a roof of transparent materials (polyethylene film, cellular polycarbonate). This, of course, somewhat increases the cost of the design, however, the roof reliably protects plants from diseases. There is practically no dew under it, which provokes the emergence and development of phytoophulas, peridospodes and other dangerous diseases.
Vegetable container raised above the ground level high enough, so the soil is heated in it and ripens before. Any thermal-loving cultures on such a garden can be sown before ordinary terms. If you correctly calculate the time and location of plants, then you can first remove the crop of radishes and cress lettuce, then in the middle to build a charm for tomatoes or cucumbers, and at the place of radishes to plant beets, onions or carrots. By gathering the fall of root, in a vegetable container, you can drink Redis and Salad again.
As you can see, a vegetable container is comfortable and beautiful. Such a garden saves a place in the garden and allows for one season to get a crop of various cultures. A large amount of nutritional compost allows you to minimize watering, feeding, weeding and loosening. The advantages of mass, however, there are disadvantages.
Vegetable container must be built, and it is necessary to find forces, time and means. For such a bed, many organic organics are required, which you also need to take somewhere and make sure that it is good quality. These three tangible disadvantages determine the moment that the vegetable container on household plots is infrequent.
Experienced gardeners, taking as a basis, the arrangement of a container beds, invented the options simpler and cheaper, but no less effective and comfortable. For example, the harvest of some crops can be raised right on the compost pile. To do this, to the place where the compost roses, attach the additional compartment. In the spring in this compartment, they throw over the entire winter under the film semi-prepared. You can land zucchini, cucumbers, pumpkins and tomatoes on such a garden.
Grocery-box
Raised beds-box are very popular among organic agriculture adherents due to the simplicity of arrangement and high efficiency of use.
The box is a stationary bed, sides for which can be made of the material available. In this case, any boards, slate, plywood and the like are suitable. The height of such a garden, as a rule, 15-20 centimeters, width - 1-1.2 m, and the length can be done at his discretion. The garden-box is filled with an organic matter: a layer of semi-rubber manure or compost is poured at the bottom, and from above, a layer of no less than 6-7 cm, the finished high-quality humus is stacked.
If the box is wide, then row can be located both along and across. In order for the plants to receive more sunlight, rows on such a garden should be placed in the north-south direction.
In the middle of the beds-box make a sleeper for climbing crops, such a bed can be covered with a roof. That is, simply speaking, the box is a low container. And its main advantage in this case is the moment that there are no many organics to fill the bed. However, the thin layer of compost quickly loses the nutrient elements and moisture, and in the heat such a garden need to water more often. It is possible to do this with a hose or a buckets of a large capacity. To save moisture, a rather thick layer of mulch is required. It is recommended to use various organic fertilizers to feed the growing crops that will be described in detail in the following articles.
If the soil is good on the site, then the box does not necessarily. The land will burst under it on its own on a sufficiently large depth (in the first year already centimeters for twenty). As we have already found out in the article "Enough to destroy the land with loosening and quiet," the work of structuring and loosening will be engaged in soil inhabitants - rainworms and bacteria. The next spring will simply need to be poured into a bed of a few packs of finished compost, and plant vegetables right into it. If a good quality organizing agent, then weeds will be a bit, and those that will appear, are deleted quite easily.
Using a simple frame or wire arc, the Grocery-box can be quickly turned into a guy, in which it is convenient to grow seedlings of various cultures in the spring.
When using this kind of "smart" beds, the main thing is to fertilize them correctly and water timely. Then in boxes, as in a vegetable container, you can grow three or four crops of different vegetables.
In-depth beds-trenches
As you have already noticed, our list of "smart" beds is based on the principle - from expensive and productive, to a cheap, but no less efficient to use. The practitioners of the farmers in their sites connect the advantages of all types of beds, they need to be cheaper than their bookmark and adapt to the conditions of this or that site.
If the groundwater area is low enough, and it never adhesion, a narrow compost box can be deepened to the ground. Thus, it turns out a peculiar garden trench.
The main advantage of in-depth beds is that they can be digging directly in virgin. To do this, in the turne dig a trench of two bayonet shovels and a depth of a bayonet. Length, as in previous cases (vegetable containers, beds-box), depends on your desires and opportunities. Even the boards from the boards do not need here. Right on the bottom of the trench, semi-dry manure is stacked, and from above - a layer of finished compost, a height of at least 6-7 centimeters.
You can land tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, cabbage, beans on such beds ... After the plants went into growth, the trench must be mediated with any existing material. About what materials can be used as a mulch, we will tell in detail in the following articles.
In the future, all departure will be in timely irrigation as needed. And still have a couple of times for the season to melt the grass in the aisle. In order not to do this, the aisle can be covered with burlap, and to fall asleep with gravel - and beautiful, and the weed does not grow up.
The main advantage of the in-depth trenches is that they are wonderful to hold moisture, and the plants here grow well, even with moderate irrigation. And the main disadvantage - from the classical position of the gardener when careing for such a bed, it is certainly nowhere to go anywhere.
Basics of decorative vegetable garden
As already noted, the cottage is needed by a modern person not only to grow vegetables and fruits. Most people use their gardens as a place to relax the whole family. Let's figure out how to decorate a nuclear area without spending a lot of space, forces and time.
Such structures as arbors, fences, as well as southern walls can be used to arrange a bed. If the fence is made of a grid, then he in itself will be an excellent chopper for high curly crops. You just need to dig along the trench and fill it with an organic. Such a garden is ideal for growing cucumbers and beans. There are no advantages - and the celever does not need to build, and the places do not occupy, and the blooming plants, with skillful care, are also a wonderful decor.
In the same way, you can surround the trench gazebo. In this garden, you can land various types of decorative pumpkins and beans, blooming red, white, and even purple colors (hyacinth beans). The gazebo decorated in this way will be the highlight of your cottage and a favorite place for family gatherings. It should be noted that the cucumbers are not recommended to climb the gazebo, sometimes they lose and lose their decorative properties.
The southern and eastern walls of various country buildings are able to warm well per day and give plants reflected light and heat, which contributes to the acceleration of growth and the development of thermal-loving crops. Such walls can become an excellent support for Cherry tomatoes, and at the bottom you can land such attractive in the kind of cabbage, like Kohlrabi and Broccoli.
In order to give a home-rooted area, all the free spaces between the "smart" beds need to regularly twist - this will turn the weeds into a disintegrating lawn.
We master the virgin
You have become the proud owner of the country area. But it's not enough - the land on it has never been processed or processed for a long time, and raise a crop in the first year you do not see any possibility, since the mastering of virgin is the case is an extraordinarily time-consuming. Do not despair, on the contrary, you are lucky - you got a plot with live land and, with a skillful approach and proper processing, you can preserve its fertility for many years. What to do in order to be able to grow your own harvest this season?
Experienced gardeners, in the process of studying and understanding the principles and techniques of organic farming, invented several ways to use virgin nervings already in the first year. We have already spoke about the in-depth beds-trenches.
On the principle of in-depth beds, you can arrange a place for growing various mesh crops. For this, even the trenches do not dig. For a device of such a bed right in the turne, it is enough to dig a hole near the meter in diameter and in a depth of two bayonets. The pit fill as usual - a semiconductous manure will go to the bottom, which can be mixed with a coarse misfortune. From above, a layer of 6-7 centimeters with a thickness, frenched completely humid. In such pits, pumpkins, cucumbers, zucchini, melons and watermelons grow perfectly.
All subsequent care for such a bed will be imprisoned only in timely watering. In order for the weeds to be grew here, it is necessary to wear a burlap or any other material (cardboard, old rugs, etc.), and on top to cover mulch from the organic (straw, sawdust). Under such a carpet weeds will die, and the next spring you will be left only to explode the soil with flat.
Another wonderful way for simple and efficient turf treatment is a special mulch for mastering the virgin and weed control. This technique is considered one of the most "smart" techniques applied for many years permacultural gardens and organist farmers. Its essence is as follows.
At the beginning of May, fresh bunoan poured with juice, it is wonderful food for soil organisms. Buriana scatter a layer of disturbed humoring a passage with manure and a small amount of compost. To speed up the process, all this can be treated with special bacterial fertilizers. On the humus with a manure of 2-3 layers, newspapers and magazines are placed, you can use packing cards for these purposes. A layer of nutrient organic is poured directly on paper, a thickness of 10-15 cm (it may be not allowed manure and unplanned humus). From above, all this "cake" is covered with straw, foliage or hay. With such a coating, paper or cardboard cut off the weeds, and the organic layer holds moisture well and provides meals.
For this bed in the first year, seeds, of course, do not sleep - therefore, there are seedlings of large plants (tomato, peppers, eggplants, as well as various melting crops). Sit down in a certain way - slightly rolls a little straw and manure and pierce the paper layer, and the roots themselves will find the road down. Then watered and again buried the layer of mulch. If rains happen relatively often, it almost does not have to water such a bed.
The following year, all this "pie" will fall and turn into a high-quality compost, the soil will break down from below, and the happy gardener will have a new fertile and weed bed. Only it remains that each year add humus - and you can sow everything that the soul wishes.
So, summarize our conversation about the bookmark of organic beds. What you need to always plan and organize a comfortable and beautiful household plot for a long time and without significant temporary and financial costs. We highlight several basic principles:
- always use geometry of narrow beds;
- on dry plots, such a garden are lowered into the ground, and on the height - lifted above the soil surface;
- any beds fill in the organic, and later we mulch well;
- all walkways between the beds occasionally cut off to prevent the growth of weeds.
Performing all these not very complex rules, you can not only grow a good harvest, but also turn your garden into a conveniently organized and beautiful place to relax the whole family.
- bulk, raised over earth earth facilities intended for planting and growing grassy plants. Used in gardening and garden areas under garden crops and for planting colors.
Pros and cons
The raised plot of land has a number of advantages and disadvantages:
| pros | Minuses |
| The absence of squeezing of the side walls of the soil, with protected structures by partitions. | Through the side walls made of the "breathable" material, the soil moisture is faster, as a result of which the frequency and volume of irrigation, it is necessary to increase. |
| Independent from the soil located on the plot - you can use the purchase of the black mill. | Periodic costs for the purchase of Chernozem are required. |
| Creating a favorable climate for plant growth, - elevation over the general level of land significantly reduces the risk of lesion by cold during the freezing period. In addition, the bed is easy to protect from external influence, a breakdown with a tarpaulter or a sheltering material. | The limited interaction with the overall mass of the Earth is forced to increase the use of mineral fertilizers. |
| An earlier period of cultivation of cultures - during the spring period it takes off the snow, the soil warms up faster. | The risk of breeding insects, which will harm plant plants. |
| The possibility of creating a greenhouse or mini-greenhouses that are dismantled with the onset of a warm age of the year. | At the initial stage of creating high beds, you have to carry material costs and make additional physical efforts to create a land construction. |
| Good drainage, allowing you to optimize watering and soil moisture. Due to this, there is no risk of the appearance of soil wetting, the growth of moss, there is no decay of plants. | Limit on the plant assortment - not all plants take out an open, blowing site. |
| Deep soil resistance is held 1 time in 3-4 calendar years. The rest is enough to carry out shallow loosening. | |
| Convenience when working with low growing plants, it is especially important for older people or with limited physical abilities. | |
| Obtaining a greater harvest, compared with traditional methods of growing plants. | |
| The high level of land allows to reduce the physical efforts necessary during the processing of the soil, caring for green plantings, harvesting, for example, you can use the folding chairs. | |
| Optimal layout of the garden plot. | |
| Creating a bed with an unusual shape and design. |
From the presented comparative data, it is clear that the idea of \u200b\u200bhigh beds has the right to life. Measures aimed at reducing negative factors will contribute to this.
How to eliminate minuses?
Ways to reduce negative factors:
- Reducing the number of mineral fertilizers introduced into the raised land plot contributes to the extended use of organic fertilizers:
- litter of birds, manure from coarse livestock, creating on their basis tinctures for liquid feeding;
- the use of ash from burning firewood in furnaces or fireplaces;
- creation on the site of its own compost pits for the processing of remnants from plants and food of man, which will reduce the amount of the purchased black mill;
- the use of il from the septica.
- Reduce dependence on watering, the device will help the device "drip" mode: Such structures in abundance can be found on the Internet.
- Reducing the material costs required when creating high beds, contributes to:
- the use of materials that remain from the construction of a country house or the arrangement of the fence, for example, or professional flooring;
- the use of industrial substandard material, which is sold with significant discounts;
- remains of construction products appearing when demolishing dilapidated housing, or in other similar cases.
- The appearance of harmful insects and weeds can be avoided by means of preliminary soil preparation:
- processing chemicals,
- removing roots.
Views
High beds differ from each other by several parameters:
- geometric dimensions, - long, width and height above the total level of the site;
- finishing side walls.
Wooden
Wooden High Grokes
The wood material material is used as lateral supporting walls:
- boards;
- plywood moisture-resistant varieties, for example, OSB-3;
- log design;
- materials with the presence of a tree, for example, arbolit sheets (trees) - a mixture of cement and chips;
- rods from the vine.
The main advantage This material is its availability and simplicity of processing. But widespread deciduous (birch, ox) and coniferous (pine) of wood varieties are susceptible to rotting, their accuracy of the bug. The use of persistent species, such as larch, is associated with its higher cost and difficulty processing. But this type of wood improves its properties over time (part of the old Venice rests on the Siberian larch so far).
Plastic
For the fence, products made of dense plastics are used:
- plexiglas;
- , including cellular;
- professional flooring from polymers;
- plastic pipes, for example, used for a sewage device with a diameter of 100-200 mm;
- package, plastic boxes with perforated walls.
Dignity - Plastic refers to "eternal" materials, does not rot, it does not decompose, racks to water and exposure to bacteria and insects.
But in winter it is embrittled, so during this period of the year requires careful circulation.
Easily can be machined, easy to install. Plastic products have a variety of color gamut, which contributes to the decoration of the garden.
Metal
For the device of the earth embankment, finished products and semi-finished products are used:
- galvanized metal sheet, for example, running on the roof;
- professional flooring and other metal products.
Maintenance requirement - Lack of corrosion, so in the absence of protection it is necessary to perform measures to cover the surface of products with anti-corrosion compositions. Externally, the beds can be performed in a classic rectangular form or give a designer species, to simulate an oval design that resembles a large bath.
In addition to the above materials, slate slate sheets, bricks, concrete products, gabions and many other products that fall asleepings are widely used.
Technology
Before consideration of the technology of a high bed device, you must familiarize yourself with a number of rules.
Rules of creation
Requirements for beds are necessary for proper placement on the site, local climatic conditions must be taken into account, the range of grown plants.
- Sizes of beds. The length of the earthen embankment is limited to the size of the plot and convenience for the passage. Hence: The optimal range is 2-5 m. Width - up to 1-1.2 m, a large value will create inconvenience when processing the median part. The height of the design should not exceed 1 m, otherwise it will also create problems with plant maintenance and will require significant costs when using the purchased soil. The minimum level is 25-30 cm, is determined by the climate and dimensions of the fence existing "at hand".
- The soil. The meaning of the creation of high beds is an increase in fruiting and rapid harvest. The black mill is one of the components. Therefore, to save on the quality of the Earth, means to spend your efforts, time and finance in vain.
- Location. The abundance of sunlight is one of the pledges of normal growth of plants and their fruiting. Place the beds are expedient on open outstanding places. But it should take into account the overall planning of the site, - not to the detriment of other plants and economic buildings.
- Fencing material. It should not be chased behind superior products, - boards, remaining from formwork, or the old brick performed the functions of the enclosing walls. And the money will be saved.
- Protection of green plantings. Most of the country is located in difficult climatic conditions, at which there are no rare frost at the beginning and end of summer. Reduce the risks of lesion of plants with cold air, will help a pre-mounted protection system - for example, a design for a greenhouse.
Earth embossing device
Stages of work:
Planning landing
It is advisable to arrange high beds in the late summer or early autumn, it will contribute to the additional progress of the organic and creating its local microflora. If it is necessary to create a landing place in spring or summer, if there is an opportunity, the soil should be filled with a minimum 1 month before planting plant material.
Most vegetable berry and flower crops can be grown on raised earthlings. Moreover, they can successfully be posted on one fenced territory. For example, cold-resistant: radishes, green onions, salad, you can disassemble around the thermo-loving, - in summer all these plants will be comfortable, and tomatoes will receive additional protection when the air temperature drops.
Berry and vegetable cultures on such raised embankments under favorable temperature conditions and timely watering ripen for 1-2 weeks earlier, so it is necessary not to miss the harvesting deadlines, otherwise it will start to be installed and just disappear.
You can even assess the advantage of high beds, even on one initial experience, is enough to start with simple crops, onions, radish, carrots and gradually expand the emerging experience on other plants.
At the request of many of my friends, I will tell you how I grow vegetables.
I work, so I can travel only on the weekend. At the same time, it is necessary to rest after the labor week, to eat kebabs, shake in the bath, well, and hard to worry on Earth. Currently, in gardening there are several problems: soil fertility falls. The land becomes dense, exhausted and has gray. Falling fertility entails a decrease in harvests collected.
The use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides leads to infection of soil, water, air and food, which leads to diseases of people. Traditional agricultural engineering used by most gardeners is very laborious. And this reduces interest in gardening among young people.
However, all these problems are solved fairly easily, if natural is used instead of traditional agriculture. Such an agrotechnology not only preserves, it also restores soil fertility. The consequence is to increase the yield of garden crops. Mineral fertilizers do not apply, which retains the purity of nature and maintains human health. A number of garden operations in Natural Agrotechnology are applied less often than with traditional. And some in it are completely absent. All this reduces the complexity of the processing of land and leaving plants.
In my opinion, it is more important to return to nature and forget the postulate, as if the soil needs to be pushing with fertilizers, tormented with shovels and sprinkle with pesticides. Natural agriculture is primarily gentle by the processing of soil, protection of it from the temperature difference, the return of nutrients, which land generously gave plants.
Every year in the spring, coming to your country area, we sow or land vegetables on your beds. The size of the bed with a width of 1.4 meters to 2 meters, the tracks between them from 20 cm. Up to 40 cm. Maximum. This is a traditional way to plant vegetables to bed. The plant on such beds, especially in the middle, is often sick, exposed to shockting, it is poorly developed, the vegetables are small, not yet stored. But for pests weakened plant and good nutrition, and you can postpone off the offspring. Alone, to handle such a caring such a torment.
But on such a bed I saw one positive side. Extreme plant, regarding those that are located in the middle, looked more worthy. Larger, are not affected by the disease and it is convenient to pour, reload, etc.
I also thought about one more factor. Single tree along the alleys in the city feature, no one feeds him, the foliage that it throws out, and they try to remove for appearance and beauty. Although this foliage could serve a fancy tree. So at the expense of this tree exists and where does it take nutrition? In recent years, scientists have established that the plant is about 60% taking power from the air. It is of course interesting.
The unpredictability of our Far Eastern climate, high temperatures, night and day, arid or rainy summer, excessive precipitation by the end of August and the beginning of September confirmed the samples chosen by me for many years and errors of frosting vegetables. I came to the conclusion that you need to look for another way less time consuming, but with the ability to get higher yields. I combined two technologies.
1. "Narrow ridges - a unique technology of vegetable growing for small areas."
2. "Agrotechnology of natural agriculture."
I have strengthened in the opinion that it is the organizing agent that can reveal all the possibilities of plants, saving strength and time. Only on a good compost you can see and evaluate the quality of Western and domestic varieties: most of them are created for organic soil. I am sure: we can not go anywhere from the organic. Total things: learn to compost and still arrange stationary beds - once for many years.
Vegetable growing on narrow ridges was developed by J. Mitlider in the 70s of the last century and brought by the author to Russia in 1989.
But blind copying of the receptions and tips, even the very best, will not lead to anything. There must be a creative approach and to understand the biological patterns of the culture itself, and the processes occurring during its cultivation. Mitlider has one drawback (this is my opinion) when using mineral fertilizers, the taste of the fetus is unnatural. To fix it - instead of mineral feeding uses humid, ash, manure, infusion of herbs, etc. (I am a supporter of organic fertilizers). I am for a pure ecological product.
But you do not need to perceive mineral fertilizer as a poison. Observe the only dose. It is better not to pectinate the plant than to overgrow it.
For which I am especially grateful to J. Mitlider is for the development of narrow beds. Although Mitlaider does not recommend putting a box for narrow beds, I still screamed the box. Nature itself suggested me. In the spring, many cottages floods, water does not have time to go, water is worthwhile. We have the same problem at the end of August and early September - the rains are poured and at night. And in the middle of the summer it rains can pour 2 - 3 days, and maybe in half an hour pour the whole garden.
Therefore, raising the beds by 15-25 cm. Above the tracks - solves this problem. The width of the ridge 60 is 100 cm., Arbitrary length. The groove between the beds 60 is 80 cm. It only seems that the land in the aisles walks without use. It is the passages and work, and even how!
Vegetable container is a high garden, the walls of which are composed of bricks, bric, timber, boards, stone, slate ... Crickerels stretch from north to south. The aisles between them can be inspired by sand, sawdust, rubberoid, etc. I preferred the lawn, which is once a month with a trimmer. Some passes I posed sawdust. The beauty of the garden does not leave anyone indifferent. Weeds are not, the plot is clean and beautiful.
Box - the box is filled with organic. Down tolerances are plant residues (grass, straw, foliage), then compost or manure, or shed in herbs and the like; The top layer puts the Earth from the aisles. Thus, the box is filled.
Each garden is 2 rows of vegetables, planted along the edges in a checker order between vegetables. In this geometry hidden a huge reserve of productivity, it has long been noticed: the extreme plant develops almost twice as well as in the middle - they have much more light and space for growth. And here - all plants extreme. Wide aisle and necessary in order to give them light and space. The small area of \u200b\u200bthe organic gives more than a large area of \u200b\u200bsoil. One who at least one season has worked on narrow ridges, is convinceding in the vast capabilities of this method and simply cannot return to traditional technology. Working on the ridges, a person is joy not only from a good harvest, but also from the process of growing vegetables.
The beauty of the garden, which is more like the park, does not leave anyone indifferent. Weeds are not, the plot is clean and beautiful.
In two rows in a chess order, I soaring cabbage, eggplants, pepper, tomatoes, etc.
Four or three rows I land onions, garlic, beets, salads, radishes, carrots, etc.
Disadvantages requires material costs for the first year to build a garden. This tiny disadvantage makes the container inaccessible to most dacities.
Such a garden works for several years, one can say forever (replenish it with waste, vegetable residues, foliage, etc.). After crawling, Sota Siderats. When landing, it is not necessary to introduce neither compost in the well, nor overwhelmed manure. Such a garden itself is a compost.
The humus is not washed, because the garden is fenced. According to many agronomists 60 - 80%, the plant is powered out of air, therefore large passes play a significant role in the biological process of the plant. Culture gets good illumination and sufficient air flow.
About 30% plant gets food from the ground. Naturally, the consumption of organic and mineral fertilizers is spent 2 times less consumption of organic and mineral fertilizers. At the same time, the harvest is much higher than you get with a narrow bed. I checked it for several years and it can be seen in my photos.
Contains a large volume of nutrients, moisture supply.
Convenient watering.
There is no stagnation of water.
Does not require dipping.
Does not require a musting - if the garden is clicked.
Does not require resistance, only loosening by 7 - 10 cm.
It is possible to produce an early fit, as the beds in the spring warm up faster than ordinary.
On narrow beds it is easy to do crop rotation. Where last year the onions, this year you can plant carrots or cabbage. Groats all one width.
Yield rises 100% and higher.
Tubers, rooted roots without visible signs of disease.
Beautiful and easy to work.
It takes a minimum of space, does not create dirt and disorder.
It is very convenient to make the shelter by plastic arcs that are sold in seed stores. We put 2 piles from both sides of the bed and put on them an arc. Distance between arcs near the meter. Depending on the bed length, you install the desired number of arcs. On top of the arcs, you can use the observer material or film, until the frost threat passes.
This system of narrow beds and allows me to receive constantly high yields, independent of weather whims and conditions of the region.
True great? And this is still to take into account that Igor lives in the Khabarovsk Territory, in Komsomolsk-on-Amur!
And we have a risky agriculture zone, a risky agriculture zone :)) 
Creating a bed garden.
At the request of many of my friends, I will tell you how I'm doing a bed. Vegetable container is a high garden, the walls of which are composed of bricks, bric, timber, boards, stone, slate. The beds are drawn from north to south.
In the photo you will see, the garden is composed of logs. Birovna remained after the parsing of houses, they did not take them into the construction, as the core rotted, but for the garden will go.
We prepare a flat platform.
Firmly labeled log in the ground, you can even deepen a little. Width from 80 - 120 cm, it all depends on climatic conditions, the hotter, the wider bed.
Loss of arbitrary.
Breeding with nails or screws.
At the bottom of the cardboard, so as not to develop a long-term weed ...
... as well as the pests of Khrushche, a wire and so on.
We put the rough vegetable remnants of corn, sunflower, etc.
Yes, you still need to paint or bother. Now for sale water-based paint for facades. This so that the sun does not heat the land and insects are less than the hernia, and the most important beauty of the garden.
Then I lay the vegetable remnants of other cultures of carrots, cabbage, potato, tomato, tomato, etc. Regardlessly infected with diseases or not. Effective microorganisms recycle all sores. It is impossible to lay a weed of long-term. I do not use Baikal and the like.
Igor Lyadov uses 4 kinds of tinctures
1. I believe that each agriculture can prepare for itself microbial drugs, almost as diverse in composition, as sold EM cultures, but from their local, adapted to climate and soils of microbes, which will be ecologically more competent and practical.
We offer a practical, simple and cheap way to restore soil fertility and increase plant yields. Considering that the main component of the EM is yeast and dairy-acid bacteria, which is already enough in the soil and around us, we suggest a conventional sugar-yeast masturbation as a start-up of organic infusions.
Prepares infusion. In the 200-liter capacity (barrel) placed:
- shovel of wood or herbal ash;
- half anclation of manure or litter;
- bucket of rotten straw or opad leaves;
- shovel by humus, compost or just garden land;
- shovel of sand;
- liter of dairy serum or sources;
- 3 liters of brothers!
Iron is preparing: on 3 liters of not chlorinated water takes 5 tbsp. Sugar spoons and chopping yeast. Walks 2-3 days, then added to the common tank. Before using the brand, it is necessary in the refrigerator - it is valuable until it zakis.
In the general tank, the whole burda is insisted during the week. Sometimes it should be mixed. When using infusion is diluted at least twice. (Yu.I.Slashinin)
2. In 200 liter barrel laying 2/3 of the barrels 2/3. (You can add ash 2 shovels). Bulk water, I close the film from above. It is for two weeks. When using infusion dilute 1 to 10.
3. In 200 liter barrel laying fresh manure, 1/3 barrels. Bulk water. It is for two weeks. When using infusion dilute 1 to 10.
4. In 200 liter barrel laying a chicken litter, 1/3 of the barrel. Bulk water. It is for two weeks. When using infusion dilute 1 to 20.
Growing potatoes in Dutch is a technique in which any little thing is taken into account. When landing along this technology, up to 250-300 kg of tuberfolds from acres were collected.
Dutch technology provides potatoes:
- sufficient heat;
- admission of oxygen to roots;
- fertilizers.
How many potato growing technologies
In addition to growing the traditional method and in Dutch, there are other new ways: Chinese; Technology developed by Dr. Agricultural Sciences by Jackob Mitlaider from the USA; Galina Aleksandrovna Kizymah method, holding a childhood in the working village in the Southern Urals.
What varieties are suitable
In varieties from Holland immunity to diseases, they are high-yielding, but not they do not suit for landing in the north of Russia. There is better to plant domestic zoned varieties adapted for home conditions.
It is required to plant in the country and early and late potatoes.
Suitable Dutch potato varieties:
- ANOSTA - Early. Yellow tubers, smooth. The flesh cream Potato immunity to nematode.
- Red Scarlett - Early. Scarlet blossoms, white-white flesh, does not change color when cooking.
- - Early grade. It is planted in the central regions of Russia, and in the Siberian Federal District. From shoots to harvest takes 50 days.
- Yarla - Early. Unpretentious in leaving, put even in exhausted lands.
- Prior - Early. He has immunity to viral diseases, nematode, phytoofluorosis.
- - Medium. Pinkish pinkish, snow-white flesh. Immune to phytoofluorosis.
- Monasse - Medium. It has immunity to all diseases.
- - Medieval. Tubers yellow, pulp cream. Sustainable mechanical damage.
- EBA - Medium impact. Immune to viral diseases. Tubers of a yellowish shade.
Domestic varieties:
- - Medium grade. Immunin to nematode, cancer, pasche, mosaic and other diseases. But his minus - the tuberplods stored at a temperature of about 0 degrees, otherwise they will germinate.
- . It has immunity to disease. He has a wonderful taste, but in the tuberfolds quite a bit starch, so it is not welded. You can collect 600 kg of potatoes from weaving.
- - Early grade. It has immunity to all diseases. Tubers are yellowish, snow-white flesh.
- Zdabaktak - Late variety. Immunin to diseases. In the tubers a large number of starch.
Is this method suitable for growing potatoes in the country
Potatoes are grown on the fields, applying equipment, and at the cottages, making all operations manually.
Technology detail
What is the Dutch way
- For the cultivation of tuberplods, a variety of Holland is taken, immune to diseases, which grows a large number of tubers. And in the northern regions of Russia, domestic zoned varieties are planting. Select required Only healthy tubers. Change the planned varieties.
- Clubwood are selected having 3-5 cm in diameter, with 100% germination.
- According to the landing scheme for 1 m² planted 6-8 tuberplodov. The Russian goddard seems that with such a landing, the Earth is empty in vain, but on this technology, the bushes grow splashing, they have powerful roots, the crop collect more than with the traditional planting method.
- Even the Dutch feed potatoes, given the needs of this variety.
- It is required to vychuchi I. pour ridges with a height of 10 cm.
- Vintage must be assembled on time. If you need seed material, the potatoes are digging a month earlier than tubers intended for consumption.
Selected selection and preparation
For planting choose smooth healthy tuberplodes diameter 3-5 cm, best varieties.
Potatoes, which are not less than the size of the size, as the grown bushes will be very weak. Larger potatoes are imprisoned only if the harvest is from its own seeds. On each selected edge of 5 eyes.
A month before landing, potatoes germinate. Potatoes are planting when the sprouts in the eyes are 0.5 cm, but it is for mechanized landings.
It is required to correctly pick up the landing time so that the sprouts do not die from return freezers. The tuberplods are carefully put in packets from polyethylene with handles, when sprouts will be 0.5 cm high. So potatoes are conveniently transported to the place of landing. For landings, manually waiting for the sprouts placed in plastic bags will grow up to 2.5-3 cm.
Earth processing before landing
Potatoes will hurt less and amaze pests if it is planted in one place once every 3 years. It is required to give the soil of rest and 1 year not to plant anything at all, but to scour weed grass. If you do not have such an opportunity, then squeeze the tubers on the place where the beans, peas, oats, rye grew up before that.
In the fall, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen are scattered in the fall and dump the ground to a depth of 22-27 cm.
If you have a slope, then in the fall do not pump the soil and do not put feeding, as in the spring flood all the beneficial substances can be mocking.
Care
- Spring soil is dripping make holes with a depth of 6-8 cm. The distance between the rows is 75 cm, and there are 30 cm between the wells. But such a big distance has its advantages:
- The soil for dipping is embanked from the rivers, because of this, tuberplods are above the rods. The ridges are well lit by the rays of the sun, and oxygen comes to the root system.
- The cross section of the ridge is 1200-1500 cm².
- With heavy rains, water is not stuck under the bushes, as being in the aisle;
- With the heat and absence of rains in the crest, there is enough moisture so that the potatoes do not die from drought to the rain or watering.
- In the well, first put overwhelmed manure or humus.
- Then 100 g of ashes and a handful of crowded shell from eggs, as well as a slightly onion husk, which will scare the wire and slugs.
- Clubwood put in well sprouts up and poured soil.
- If you see that weeds rose, pull them out.
- Under the growing sprouts, hurt them so that the ridges have a height of 10 cm.
- If the threat of frosts arose, then the young shoots are sprinkled with soil, and high shoots are beyond and sprinkled. When warm weather comes again, the bushes rise and watered with water from the watering.
- 14 days after landing, weeds, and the soil from the rivers sweeping to Roshak So that the ridges have become a height of about 25 cm, the ridge width at the base is 75 cm, and at the top - 30 cm.
- When attacking the colorad beetles, the bushes spray insecticides.
- If drought is standing, then the bushes are watered 1-3 times per season (1-2 times before the dissolution of buds, 1 time - during the blooming of flowers).
When and how to collect a crop
First, eat the tops, and after 10 days dig bushes.
Then the peel will be strong, and the potatoes can lie more time without sprinkling.
That is, the cultivation of potatoes in Dutch is a landing of tubers at a distance of 30 cm, with a distance between rows of 70 cm. These are also bulk ridges and taking into account the needs of potatoes in fertilizers.