Interjections and onomatopoeic words,
their pictorial and expressive capabilities and text-forming functions
Goals:
Actualization, expansion and deepening of students' knowledge about interjections as a special part of speech and onomatopoeic words, their use and spelling.
Formation of the skill of determining the visual and expressive capabilities and text-forming functions of interjections and onomatopoeia.
Improvement of the culture of oral and written speech of students, the skills of stylistic analysis of the text.
Preparation for control test work
To foster interest in the Russian language, to promote aesthetic education.
Equipment: handouts, tutorial
DURING THE CLASSES
Org. moment
Language warm-up
Explain the punctuation in the above statements.
Language is the first tool of labor, the first machine that helps a person transform the world. By doing logical operations for us, he serves man and enslaves him. (A. Genis)
You can talk to those who speak a different language, but not to those who put a completely different meaning in the same words. (J. Rostan)
Language is the best medium for establishing friendship and harmony. (E. Rotterdam)
What do these statements about language have in common? (Language serves man)
How do you understand the second statement? Expand its meaning.
Find words that are spelled "root vowel unchecked".
Name the spelling in explain.
Give an interpretation of the words: Language, Mediator, Enslave (if necessary, refer to the Explanatory Dictionary)
What is the common thought uniting these statements? (the language must be treated with care. It is not only a mediator for the establishment of friendship and harmony, but also a means of enslaving a person)
And language is also a way of self-expression and self-knowledge, the key to the door behind which the secrets and secrets of the native language are hidden, let's try to open these secrets.
Topic. Goals.
Operational and cognitive stage
Theoretical information block
Highlight with notes I know / need to be clarified / learned
1. A bit of history
(A.P. Romanov).
In the "Academic grammar of the modern Russian language", released in 1980, the interjection is defined as follows:
.
2. Classification of interjections
As expressive linguistic means, interjections are often used outside the actual emotional speech sphere. Such use entails a significant complication and expansion of their semantic and syntactic functions and leads to their convergence with words of other lexical and grammatical classes.
onomatopoeia
Bam! A snowball is flying through the window, And the recluse knows: Down there, his friend is calling him with a Sign.(V. Vysotsky); (L. Kassil); (A. Blok).
Interjections are divided into non-derivatives and derivatives
TO non-derivative .
When describing non-derivative interjections, primitive onomatopoeia are also noted, including, along with words like include words such as bryak, bang, drip, slap, click
Of course, in their appearance, some onomatopoeic words are close to primitive interjections (it is interesting that among them there are many words containing sounds and sound combinations that are rare or even unusual for the Russian language: brr, um, whoo, ugh
Derivatives golly, for heaven's sake and etc.?
give it up, it will, you see and see(from see)(from Pali), come on(simple.)please have mercy, tovs(from get ready), vhl(from kusi), enough.
(from quiet as well as connections well and well, she-she-she.
.
stable type combinations wait, wait, come on, get down.
b) expression of will;
jump-jump, claw-scratch.
(guard), urge to respond (ay, hello, hey) (shh, shh, sh-sh-sh, chu, chur) .
-those and connect with a particle -ka ... Interjections Ay , Zhenya, where are you?
vocative (conscription) kitty-kitty, duck-duck, chick-chick) and the so-called verbal interjections boom knock bang, clap, snap, somersault
There are many unsolved problems in the study of interjections, but academician V.V. Vinogradov: “... semantic analysis; clarification of the essence of those linguistic phenomena that form and expand the category of interjections; disclosure of patterns in the transition of different parts of speech and modal words into an interjection, its syntax. "
Physical exercise
Stage of development of knowledge and skills
Control. 231 - write out interjections and onomatopoeia from sentences, characterize interjections
* Parsing
Homonymy of interjections and words of other parts of speech
Analysis of proposals (collectively)
How to distinguish between cases of homonymy
- Hey! Respond! (Ay is not a member of the proposal)
Here ay was heard in the distance (N. Nekrasov) (ay - addition)
- Help! Help! (Guard is not a member of the proposal)
There is a guard of honor at the mausoleum (ay - subject)
Individual work on cards
Describe interjections (or homonymous words) by origin and use in speech
I. It is a non-derivative interjection that appears when sounds are expressed feelings or expressions of will, as well as onomatopoeia;
II. It is formed from words of other lexical and grammatical categories, but is used (individually or in a given combination of words) usually in the role of interjections;
III. A word or a combination of words of another lexico-grammatical category in this context is used as an interjection;
IV. Interjection is used in the meaning of another part of speech
Ah, for a long time I could not forget two legs ... 2. He explained his subject slowly, visibly, boringly, with endless "um" and "ege". 3. And he shouted to the dark starless sky: “Lord! How awful! " 4. Mousetrap slammed shut. 5. She-she, it's not a pity to give your soul for the look of the beauty of the black-browed one. 6. "Fuck you devil," Krapivin sighs heavily.
Oh my father! income is not enough. 2. Across the river I heard "ege-gay" 3. What a shame! Again I put a blot on paper! 4. He fucks me over the head! 5. "Oh-oh", - moans Krapivin, plumping into a chair. 6. But, my God, what a boredom sitting with a sick person day and night ...
Onomatopoeia
Analysis text.
Expand the brackets, insert the missing letters and punctuation marks, do the parsing, define the parts of speech, indicate their role in the sentence.
A comment. No matter what Blokhin was preparing his unit for, neither he nor his players clearly expected such an opponent. And who expected it? These are truly frantic opponents - just a flicker in the eyes and "whack-whack" in the ears.
Let's pay special attention to the variety of particles (both formative and semantic), prepositions, conjunctions and onomatopoeic word. It acts as a subject noun. This role of the onomatopoeic word is indicated, in particular, by the homogeneous subject flickering with it.
creative work
Exercise 1
Read the poem and answer the questions:
What words does the poem consist of? (Interjections and onomatopoeic words)
A Slightly Unusual Unusual
Zhzhzhzhzh TOP-TOP
Zhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzh zzhzhzhzhzhzhzh
Bam! TOP-TOP-TOP.
F ... f ... zhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzh.
Zhzhzhzh SLEP !!!
Zhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzh ... ...
(T. Sobakin)
What happened in the poem?
How did you guess?
What name would you give it? Why?
The poem is called "How a clever hippopotamus chased a cheeky fly in a cramped room where there was a lot of glassware."
** Task 2
Try to compose a similar story using interjections and onomatopoeic words, do not forget to give it a title.
For a snack
It turns out people different nationalities differently
Compare:
| Rooster cry | Dog's bark |
|
| Russian | crow | Woof woof |
What are the reasons for these differences?
2. Cuckoo. How do you think the cuckoo got its name?
Of course, for the fact that she cuckoo, she shouts: Ku-ku! Ku-ku!... You probably already guessed that the cuckoo itself told people what to call it. And it was not only the Russians who heard it. In many countries, the name cuckoo sounds like Russian. For the Czechs - heap, among Bulgarians - cuckoo, the Germans - cuckoo, for the French - kuku, among the Italians - kukono... All these peoples paid attention to one sign - the cry of the cuckoo, so the name of the bird in different languages sounds very similar.
Lesson summary. Reflection
Homework
30, 31; ex. 234; prepare for the control test work
Unsolved problems of studying interjections
1. A bit of history
Interjection is a poorly studied class of words, which, due to its intermediate position in the general system of parts of speech of the modern Russian literary language, has not yet received a precise definition.
In the history of science, there are two points of view on interjections.
The first, which laid the foundation for the scientific interpretation of interjections, is associated with the name of M.V. Lomonosov. It was developed by A.Kh. Vostokov, F.I. Buslaev, A.A. Shakhmatov, V.V. Vinogradov and A.I. Germanovich. The views of these scientists were accurately expressed by Academician V.V. Vinogradov: "interjections functionally converge with different parts of speech." Proponents of this point of view:
a) recognize interjections as part of speech;
b) do not make a sharp distinction between words expressing emotions and words expressing thoughts, i.e. do not separate interjections from the general system of parts of speech;
c) raise the question of studying the structure of interjections, their function in speech, the history of their formation.
The second point of view is associated with the names of N.I. Grech, D.N. Kudryavtseva, D.N. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky, A.M. Peshkovsky, V.A. Bogoroditsky and others. Supporters of this point of view:
a) do not consider interjections as words and exclude them from the composition of parts of speech;
b) do not consider interjection words as a fact of articulate speech, an act of conscious speech creativity;
c) refuse to study the structure of interjections, their syntactic properties.
Such polar points of view on interjection allowed Academician L.V. Scherbe call it an "obscure and vague category", "an annoying misunderstanding." In the 40s-60s, during the period of active linguistic disputes, interjections remained “linguistic disenfranchised” (A.P. Romanov). In the 70s, the fundamental work of A.I. Germanovich "Interjections in the Russian language", after which the interjections were recognized as part of speech and ... undeservedly forgotten.
In the "Academic grammar of the modern Russian language", released in 1980 (hereinafter "Gr.-80"), the interjection is given the following definition:
Interjections are a class of unchangeable words that serve for the undivided expression of feelings, sensations, mental states and other (often involuntary) emotional and emotional-volitional reactions to the surrounding reality: oh, bah, priests, brr, well, well, wow, oh, have mercy, then, ugh, hurray, uh, fi, damn, ayda, alle, au, ay, scat, guard, stop, u-li- liu, kitty-kitty, chick-chick-chick.
Interjections characterize the emotional sphere of the language, where they are used outside of connection with other words and, of course, not to connect the latter. Interjections can receive an independent intonation design.
2. Classification of interjections
In the system of parts of speech, interjections occupy a special position. As words devoid of nominative meaning, they do not belong to any of the significant parts of speech. At the same time, interjections differ significantly from official words, since their role in the syntactic organization of the text is not analogous to the role of particles, conjunctions and, even more so, prepositions.
In "Gr.-80" it is noted that "for a number of signs, interjections adjoin onomatopoeia, which are conditional intentional reproduction of sounds accompanying actions performed by a person, animal or object: khe-khe, wa-wa, ha-ha-ha, hee-hee, quack-quack, chik-chirik, tyav;bam, boom, fuck, smack, clap, crunch ". But then we should immediately make a reservation what are onomatopoeic words for us - one of the unexplored groups of interjections as a part of speech or a special, "semi-significant" (like interjection) part of speech.
M.A. Telenkova characterizes these words as follows:
"In appearance, onomatopoeic words approach (and therefore are not) with interjections, but differ from them in that they do not express either feelings or expressions of will."
Thus, the words highlighted above act as onomatopoeic only in the function of the "main member of the so-called interjection sentence": Bam! A snowball flies through the window, And the recluse knows: Down there, his friend calls;-Boom! Poo! ... Poo! .. Lelya! .. I can see you, I've already killed you twice ... And you keep crawling. Let's do "mind you, not games"!;Fuck-tah-tah! - and only echoes Respond in homes ...
Two classifications of interjections are considered depending on the attribute that is the basis for the division.
By origin (ways of education) interjections are divided into non-derivatives and derivatives
TO non-derivative include interjections that have no connection in modern language with any of the significant parts of speech, such as ah, aha, ah, ay, ah, ba, brr, scat, gay, she-she, them, na, but, well, oh, whoa, oh, oh, whoa, bye, ugh, alas, oo- lu, uh, uh, fi, uh, ha, hee, ho, tsyts, hey, ehm, eh.
When describing non-derivative interjections, non-derivative onomatopoeia are also noted, including, along with words like agu, khe-khe, ha-ha-ha, ho-ho-ho, wa-wa, yoke-go, kar-kar, woof-wow, meow, moo, snort, tra-ta-ta, dzin- dzin, fuck-tah-tah include words such as bryak, bang, drip, slap, click etc. There is a mixture of these parts of speech and non-delimitation of their lexical composition.
Of course, in their appearance, some onomatopoeic words are close to interjections (it is interesting that among them there are many words containing sounds and sound combinations that are rare or even unusual for the Russian language: brr, um, whoo, ugh), however, onomatopoeia differ from interjections in that they are used only as an expressive stylistic means.
Derivatives interjections are a group of words, in varying degrees correlated with words or forms of one or another significant part of speech. In this regard, questions often arise: have all of them already passed into interjections? in which group should the words of etiquette be considered? how to distinguish appeals to God in prayer from interjection expressions golly, for heaven's sake and etc.?
Derivative interjections related to nouns include the words priests, mothers, god, devil, etc.
A significant number of derivative interjections are associated with the verb: give it up, it will, you see and see(from see), hello (those), sorry (those), or(from Pali), come on(simple.)please have mercy, that's enough.
There are single derivative interjections associated with pronouns, adverbs, particles or conjunctions: won (simple), then, then, eva (simple), ek, eka; out, down, away; already (simple.), however; ts, tsh, tss, sh-sh-sh(from quiet). It is also customary to include here non-segmented or weakly segmented combinations of a non-derivative interjection with a particle or pronoun: yes, on you (here), well, well, yes, oh as well as connections well and well, she-she-she.
A prominent place among derivative interjections is occupied by stable phrases and phraseological units: priests-lights, right God, my God, my God forgive me, please tell me, here those (no) times, that's it, no matter how it is.
Unlike non-derivatives, derivative interjections are a growing group of words. The main sources of replenishment here are evaluative nouns like grief, trouble, death, fear, tobacco, pipe, skiff, stable type combinations like this cranberry, like that thing, like that number, as well as verb forms with the meaning of urgency: wait, wait, come on, get down.
By its semantic functions are divided into groups of interjections:
a) emotions and emotional assessments;
b) expression of will;
c) etiquette (greetings, wishes, thanks, apologies). The division of interjections according to semantic functions does not coincide with their division according to the methods of formation.
Onomatopoeia are close to emotional interjections. (ha-ha-ha, hee-hee-hee, ya-ya, meow, ya-ya, bryak, click, bam) and verb-interjection forms such as jump-jump, claw-scratch.
Interjections of will express commands and calls to people or animals. A significant part of them, representing borrowings from other languages, belongs to the professional speech of the military, hunters, sailors, builders, trainers: fu, fas, alle, ankor, aport, rear, down, isi, kush, pil, tubo, shersh, myna, vira, polundra... In addition to these words, this semantic sphere includes interjections - calls for help (guard), urge to respond (ay, hello, hey), demands for silence, attention, consent (shh, shh, sh-sh-sh, chu, chur), inducement to carry out or terminate any action (come on, come on, scatter, take, come on, shoot, march, on, but, come on, whoo, sabbath).
By virtue of their semantic proximity to the imperative mood of the verb, interjections expressing expressions of will reveal a number of specific verbal features. Some of them are capable of attaching a postfix -those (na - nate, well - nut, leta - aydate, tsyts - tsytste, scatter - scatter) and connect with a particle -ka (na - na-ka - nate-ka - na-tka, well - come on - come on - come on, come on - come on)... An even greater number of such interjections show the ability for syntactic connections with different parts of speech - nouns, adverbs, more often pronouns: mind me, well, you, chick (scatter) from here, march home, let's go to the river, to the apple... Interjections ay, hello, hey, na, well, whoa, ooh-lu-li can be used when addressing: Ay , Zhenya, where are you?
But, in spite of this "verbal nature" of imperative interjections, when classifying, they fall into a special group vocative (conscription) interjections (they are formed from everyday calls to pets: kitty-kitty, duck-duck, chick-chick) and the so-called verbal interjections(they are also called interjection verbs, verb-interjection forms) type clap, twirl, lo and behold, mah-mah, morgue, whip, skok, knock, slap, good, tyk, hap, grab, rub and so on., formally and functionally coinciding with the primitive onomatopoeia of the type boom knock(in "Gr.-80" this series continues with forms of the type bang, clap, snap, somersault) etc. All of them convey the meaning of emotional expression of will, but have not yet been included in a single classification.
Describe interjections (or homonymous words) by origin and use in speech
I. It is a non-derivative interjection that appears when the sounds express feelings or expressions of will, as well as onomatopoeia;
II. It is formed from words of other lexical and grammatical categories, but is used (individually or in a given combination of words) usually in the role of interjections;
III. A word or a combination of words of another lexico-grammatical category in this context is used as an interjection;
IV. Interjection is used in the meaning of another part of speech
1. Alas! Tatiana fades, turns pale, fades and is silent. 2. Hurray burst out in the distance. 3. The king howled: “Oh, children, children! Woe is me! both our falcons got caught in the net! " 4. And the girl-hee-hee-hee! yeah ha ha ha! Not afraid to know sin. 5. Oh, you disgusting glass! 6. “Thank you, Kaplya,” he says.
Expand the brackets, insert the missing letters and punctuation marks, do the parsing, define the parts of speech, indicate their role in the sentence.
What (no matter) (no, no) prepared his sub ... division Blokhin such a contender (no, no) he, (no, no) his players clearly (no, no) expected. And who waited .. gave (that)? Here is (really) truly ... well (not, not) earnest opponents ... only ... flickering in the eyes and "whack-whack" in the ears.
A Slightly Unusual Unusual
Zhzhzhzhzhzhzh zzhzh TOP. zzhzhzhzhzhzhzh zzhzhzh
Zhzhzhzhzh TOP-TOP
Zhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzh zzhzhzhzhzhzhzh
Bam! TOP-TOP-TOP.
F ... f ... zhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzh.
Zhzhzhzh SLEP !!!
Zhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzh ... ...
Bam! Bam! Shmyak. zhzhzhzhzhzh And it became quiet. Bam! Boom! DZyn! ..
(T. Sobakin)
It turns out people different nationalities differently hear sounds made by animals, birds.
Compare:
| Rooster cry | Dog's bark |
|
| Russian | crow | Woof woof |
What are the reasons for these differences?
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- rPYEM L YUETFH ...
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- rPMESH EEE, RPLB S FEVE CH NPTDH OE DBM! - CHDTKHZ UCHYTERP Pvetokhmus L OENKH zTH'PCH. - vTSCHUSH, LPMVBUOIL! .. oh, NPMPDETSH, LFP RPLHRBEF? ъB DCHB U RPMFYOPK PFDBA, FBL J VSHFSH ...
OPCHYULY NPMYUBMY, OP RP YI ZPTSEYN ZMBBN CHYDOP VSCHMP, LBLYN CHSCHUPLINE UYUBUFSHEN LBBMPUSH YN PVMBDBOYE TEDLPK YZTHYLPK.
- oh, RPUMEDEE UMCHP, TEVSFB, - DCHB GEMLPSCHCHI! - LTYLOKHM zTKHHPCH, RPDSHNBS CHSCHUPLP OBD ZPMPCHPK ZhHFMST Y CHETFS YN. - uBNPNKH DPTPTSE ... oh - TB! DCHB? h LFP CHTENS EZP ZMBBB CHUFTEFIMYUSH U OBRTSTSEOOSCHN CHZMSDPN vKHMBOYOB.
- b-b! vHMBOLB! - ЛЫЧОХМ ЕНХ ЗПМПЧПК ЗТХЪПЧ. - rPLHRBK ZhPOBTSH, vKHMBOKHYLB. vHMBOYO UNKHFIMUS.
- with VShch U TBDPUFSHA ... FPMShLP ..
- SFP FPMShLP? DEOES OEF? dB S UEKYUBU Y OE FTEVHA. h PFRHUL RPKDESH?
- ChPF Y CHOPSHNY X TPDOSCHI. LY DEOSHZY - ДЧБ ТХВМС! oEVPUSH, DChB-FP TXVMS FEVE DBDHF? b? dBDHF DChB TXVMS. wHMBOLB?
VKHMBOYO Y UBN OE REFINERY VSH ULBBFSH: DBDHF ENKH DPNB DCHB THVMS YMY OEF. OP UPVMBOO RTYPVTEUFY ZHPOBTSH VSCHM FBL CHEMIL, UFP ENKH RPLBBMPUSH, VKHDFP DPUFFBFSH DCHB THVMS UBNPE RHUFPE DAMP. "Oh. X UEUFET DPVHDH, UFP MJ. EUMI NBNB OE DBUF ... chSCHETOHUSH LBL-OYVHDSH ", - HURPLBYCHBM ON RPUMEDOYE UPNOES.
- DPNB DBDHF. DPNB NOE OERTENEOOP DBDHF, FPMShLP ...
- oH CHPF Y RPLHRBK, Y RTELTBUOP, - UHOKHM ENH zTHHPCH CH TXLY SALE. - FCHPK ZHPOBTSH - CHMBDEK, zhBDDEK, NPEC nBMBOSHEK! DEEYCHP PFDBA, DB HC PYUEOSH FSCH NOE, vKHMBOLB. RPOTBCHIMUS. b CHS. VTBFGSCH, - PVTBFIMUS PO L OPCHYULBN, - CHSCH, VTBFGSCH, UNPFTYFE, VHDSHFE UCHYDEFEMSNY, UFP vKHMBOLB NOE DPMTSEO DCHB THVMS. OH, YUKHT, NEO WEB TBNEOB ... SMOOTHY? FSH, ZMSDY, OE CHDKHNBK OBDKHFSH, - OBZOKHMUS PO CHOKHYYFESHOP L vKHMBOYOH. - pFDBYSH DEOSHZY-FP?
- oH PPF. LPOEUOP, PFDBN.
- ъБВПЦЫУШ.
- chPF, EK-VPZH, PFDBN, YUEUFOPE UMCHP ...
- mBDOP ... b FP X OBU YOBEYSH LBL.
st, RPDOEUS L MYGKH vKHMBOYRB LHMBL. zTHHHPCH RPCHETOKHMUS ABOUT LBVMHLBI Y CHCHRMSHM Y PFDEMEOYS UCHPEK YBFBAEEKUS RPIPDLPK.
oPChPZP IPBSYOB ZHPOBTS FPFYUBU TSE PLTHTSYMY FPCHBTYEY. UP CHUEI UFPTPO RPFSOHMYUSH TSBDOSCHE TXLY.
- b OH-LB, RPLBTSY ZHPOBTSH, vKHMBOLB. yuezp tse fsh ezp rtsyueysh? vKHMBOKHYLB, DBK RPUNPZTEFSH.
zhPOBTSH UFBM RETEIPDYFSH Y TKHL CH THLY, CHSCHSCHBS FP ABCHYUFMYCHCHE, FP DEMPCHSCHE, FP ChPUFPTTSEOOSCHE, FP LTYFYUEULYE VBNEYUBOYE. h PVEEN, PDOBLP, YZTHYLB VPMSHYOUFCHH PYUEOSH RPOTBCHYMBUSH: POB PWEBMB CH VHDKHEEN CHUENKH PFDEMEOYA NOPZP ABVBCHOSHI NYOHF. OP DEA vHMBOYO, UMEDYCHYYK TECHOYCHSCHNY ZMBBNY ZHPOBTEN B, B OBIPDYCHYYNUS YUHTSYI THLBI, W FP CE CHTENS OE PEHEBM B UEVE PTSYDBENPK TBDPUFY, B THLBI zTHPChB, YDBMY, ZHPOBTSH LBBMUS ZPTBDP BNBOYUYCHEE J LTBUYCHEE.
- fSH UNPFTY, vKHMBOLB, - RPUPCHEFPCHBM uEMSHULYK, TBZMSDSCHBS OB UCHEF LBTFYOLKH, OBTYUPCHBOOKHA OB UELMSOOPK RMBUFYOLE, - UNPFTY-FOPSHERZ
- LPOEUOP, LPOEUOP, RTYOEUH.
- UNPFTY TSE ... B FP ...
- b FP UFP? - URTPUIM YERPFPN vKHMBOYO, J EZP UETDGE UTSBMPUSH PF OESUOPZP RTEDYUKHCHUFCHYS.
- VIFSH VHDEF, - ULBBM UMSHULIK FBLCE YERPFPN. fSH EZP OE BOBESH ... ON PFYUBSOOSHK. EUMY OE OBDEESHUS DPUFBFSH DEOEZ, MHYUYE HC RPDY L OENH CH RETENEOLH Y PFDBK OBBD ZHPOBTSH.
- OEF, OEF ... BUYEN TSE? with PFDBN ... SFP C ... - ABMEREFBM vKHMBOYO KHRBCHYN ZPMPUPN. rPUME UMPCH UEMSHULPZP PO UTBJH Y PLPOYUBFEMSHOP PIMBDEM L UCHPEK RPLHRLLE. «Th YBYUEN NOE VSCHMP RPLHRBFSH LFPF ZHPOBTSH? - DHNBM PO U VEURPMEHOPK DPUBDPK. - oh, RETEUNPFTA S CHUE LBTFYOL, B DBMSHYE UFP TSE? ChP CHFPTPK TB DBTSE Y OEYOFETEUOP VKHDEF. dB J DBUF MY NBNB DCHB THVMS? dCHB TXVMS! GEMSCHI DCHB THVMS! b CHDTKHZ POB TBUETDYFUS, DB Y ULBTSEF: JOBFSH OYUEZP OE BOBA, TBDEMSCHBKUS UBN, LBL IPYUEYSH. LEE, DETOHMP TSE NEOS UHOHFSHUS! "
rTYEM VBFAYLB. h PVPYI PFDEMEOYSI RETCHPZP LMBUUB HYUYM OE UCHPK, ZYNOBYUEULYK UCHSEOOOIL, B YR RPUFPTPOOEK GETLCHY, RP ZHBNYMY REEETULYK. b OBUFPSFEMEN ZYNOBYYUEULPK GETLCHY VSCHM PFEG nYIBYM, NBMEOSHLYK, UEDEOSHLYK, ZPMHVPZMBSCHK UFBTYYUPL, RPIPTSYK ON oYLPMBS-HZPDOYLB, YUEMPCHEL PFNEOOPK DPVTPFSCH DHYECHOPK OETSOPUFY Q, P BUFHROYL IPDBFBK RETED DYTELFPTPN B RTPCHYOYCHYYIUS RPYUFY EDYOUFCHEOOPE MYGP, n LPFPTPN vHMBOYO CHSCHOEU dv UFEO LPTRHUB UCHEFMPE CHPURPNYOBOYE.
REEETULIK, UPVUFCHEOOOP, DBTSE Y OE VSCHM UCHSEOOOILPN, B FPMSHLP DSHSLPOPN, OP EZP CHUE TBCHOP CHEMYUBMY "VBFAYLPK". ьFP VSCHM ZYZBOF, CHEUSH HYEDYK CH ZTYCHKH YETOSCHI CHPMPU J CH ZKHUFHA, PZTPNOHA VPTPDYEKH, RTYUEN LBRTYJOBS UHDSHVB, FPYUOP OB UNEI, DBBMB ESPH. chPLTHZ EZP FENOSCHI ZMB VPMSHYYI, LTBUYCHSCHI, CHMBTSOSCHI J VEUUNSCHUMEOOSCHI CHUEZDB METSBMY NBUMEOYUFSCHE LPTYYUOECHSCHE LTHZY, YUFP RTYDBCHBMP EZP MYGH RPDPTYFEMSHOSCHK PFFEOPL OE OP EMEKOPUFY, OE OP TBCHTBFB. rTP UYMH REEETULPZP CH ZYNOBYY IPDYMP NOPTSEUFCHP MEZEOD. ZPCHPTYMY, UFP PYUEOSH YUBUFP NBUUYCHOSHE DHVPCHCHE UFKHMSHS OE CHSCHDETTSYCHBMY FSTSEUFY EZP PZTPNOPZP FEMB Y MPNBMYUSH RPD OYN. tBUULBSchChBMY FBLTSE, YUFP B UFBTYYI LMBUUBI, ZPCHPTS P TBMYYUOSCHI DBTBI, OYURPUSCHMBENSCHI OEVPN YUEMPCHELH BY RTYVBCHMSM "chOYNBKFE, AOPY, I HUETDYEN UMPCHH VPTSYA, Q BL VHDEFE FBL CE EEDTP CHSCHULBOSCH, LBL J C '. y VKhDFP VSCh RTY UMPCHBI, reEETULIK CHSCHFBULYCHBM YJ LBTNBOB NEDOSCHK RSFBL J FHF TSE, ABOUT ZMBIBI YJKHNMEOOPK BKHDYFPTYY, UCHETFYUCHBM FKH EZP
OP YUEN HTS DEKUFFCHYFEMSHOP EZP ZPURPDSH OE CHSCHULBM, FBL LFP LTBUOPTEUYEN. pVYASUOSM ON UCHPK RTEDNEF NEDMEOOOP, FSZHYUE, ULHYUOP, U VEULPOYUOSCHN "ZN ..." Y "LZE ...", U RPCHFPPTEOISNY PDOPZP Y FPZP TSE UMPCHB. rPD EZP NPOFFPOOOPE RIMILBOSHE OECHPMSHOP UMYRBMYUSH ZMBB Y ZPMPCHB UBNB UPVPK PRHULBMBUSH OB ZTHDSH, PUPVEOOP EUMY HTPL RTPCHYUPUPIPLBYBD. CHPURIFBOOILY EZP OE MAVIMI, OEUNPFTS DBTSE ABOUT EZP MEZEODBTOKHA UIMKH, LPFPTBS CH ZYNOBY GEOIMBUSH CHCHCHYE CHUEEI DBTPCH, OYURPUPSHPCHEMBENCHY OYEMBENCH. h OEN YUKHCHUFCHPCHBMUS MYGENET. ON UFBCHYM IPTPYE PFNEFLY, OP YUBUFP TsBMPCHBMUS ABOUT CHPURIFBOOYLPCH YOURELFPTH. lTPNE FPZP, PO "AB CHUSLKHA NBMPUFSH" ABRYUSCHBM RTPCHYOYCHYYIUS CH LMBUUSCHK TSKHTOBM, UFP YURPMOSM LBMMYZTBZHYYUEULINE RPYUPUETLPPSHN. pDOBTSDSCH ON VBYUBM vKhMBOYOB B "LPEHOUFCHP, UCHYOPRPDPVYE Y UVTPRFYCHPUFSH". uCHYOPRPDPVYE BLMAYUBMPUSH CH OECHCHYUEEOOSHI URPZBI, UVTPRFYCHPUFSH - CH OEEOBOY KhTPLB, B LPEHOUFCHP - FPN, UFP LFP-FP YS PFCHEPHDEBOMEY r.
OB FFPF TBb KhTPL LBBMUS vHMBOYOH PUPVEOOP DMYOSCHN. fpsmshlp ufp rtypvtefeoschk zhpobtsh oe dbchbm enkh rplps.
“B UFP VKHDEF, EUMI NBNB OE DBUF DHKHI THVMEK? fPZDB HTSE, OBCHETOPE, PDOYNY NBUMSOLBNY OE PFDEMBEYSHUS. - TBNSCHYMSM vHMBOYO. - dB. OBLPOEG, LBL S TEYKHUSH ULBBFSH EK P UCHPEK RPLHRLE? LPOEUOP, POB PZPTYUIFUS. POB J VEH FPZP YBUFP ZPCHPTIF, UFP UTEDUFCHB X OBU KHNEOSHYBAFUS, UFP JNEOYE OYUEZP OE RTYOPUIF, UFP PDOPK REOUJ OE ICHBFBEFF FBLHYFYUCHA UPSHAMES LEP
oEF, HC MKHYUYE RPUMKHYBFSHUS UPCHEFB uEMSHULPZP Y PFCHSBFSHUS PF LFPZP RTPLMSFPZP ZHPOBTS.
OP CHDTKHZ, FPYUOP YULTB, VMEUOHMP CH ZPMPCHE vKHMBOYOB FTECHPTSOPE PRBUEOYE, J DBTSE UETDGE X OEZP ЪBELBMP PF YURKHZB ... b YUFP, EUMPY REFTEZB? chDTKHZ TBUFFBEYMY LBTFYOLY YMY RPZOHMY UFP-OYVHDSH? fPZDB zTKhHPCH PVTBFOP OY ЪB UFP HTSE OE RTYNEF ... PO RPUREYOP, DTPTSBEYNY THLBNY, RPDOSM LTSCHYLKH UCHPEZP UVPMYLB Y, RPDDETTSYCHMPSH EPK
oEF. CHUE CH RPTSDLE ... fTHVLB OENOPZP TBUIPDYFUS RP URBA, OP FFP FBL J VSHMP ... CHUE UMSCHYBMY, ABOUT CHUE PFDEMEOYE NPTSOP UPUMBFSHUS ... y LBTFY CHYULCHEUL CHUPUEFUEP
- SFP LFP CHF FBN X UEVS CH UFPMAYLE DEMBEFE? - CHDTKHZ HUMSCHYBM vKHMBOYO FPOESHLYK ZPMPU REEETULPZP.
PO CHEDTPZOKHM Y VSCHUFTP PRHUFIM LTSCHYLKH. lPEM NEDMEOOP RPDIPDYM L OENKH U UBNSCHN MBULPCHSCHN CHCHTBTSEOYEN MYGB, FP UPVYTBS CH LHMBL UCHPA ZKHUFHA VPTPDH, FP TBURKHULBS ITS CHEETPN.
- s ... S ... OYUESP .... s OYUESP OE DEMBA ... RTBCHP, OYUESP, - ABMEREFBM vHMBOYO.
- SFP X CHBU FBN? .. rPLBTSIFE, - ULBBM lPEM, DEMBS CHOEBROP UVTPZYE Y NHFOSCHE ZMBBB Y LYCHLPN ZPMPCHSCH KHLBSCHCHBS ABOUT RBTFH.
- rTBCHP TSE, OYUEZP, VBFAYLB! eK-VPZKH, OYUESP ... with RTPUFP ... WITH LOYTSLH YULBM. vPTNPYUB FY OEUCHSHOSHE UMPCHB, vKHMBOYO LTERLP DETTSBMUS БB LTBS LTSCHYL, OP LPEM U OBUFPYUYCHSCHN, IPFS Y NSZLINE KHUIMYEN RPCHEBSCHETIK YPO
- fBL LFP ChSh ZPCHPTYFE - OYUEZP? th EEE VPTSYFEUSH! vPCYFSHUS CHPPVEE OEIPTPYP, B DMS RTYLTSCHFYS MTSY Y RPDBCHOP ... with CHBN YDEUSH UMPCHP VPCJE PVYASUOSA, B CHSH CH YZTHYEULY YZTBEFEUSH. oEIPTPYP. PYEOSH OEIPTPYP ... PYEOSH, PYEOSH OEIPTPYP.
- vBFAYLB, RPUCHPMSHFE - PFDBKFE .... vBFAYLB, S OILPZDB OE VHDKH VPMSHYE ... pFDBKFE, RPCBMHKUFB, - CHNPMIMUS vHMBOYO.
- USCHO NPK. - RTPYOOEU lPEM, DEMBS CHDTKHZ UCHPK ZPMPU OEPVSHLOPCHEOP OETSOCHN ... Y EZP CHMBTSOSCHE ZMBAB PRSFSH UVBMY LTPFLYNY, - USCHO NPK, S U OPYULPCHYNY ... - ABOUT FFPN "OP" lPEM RPCHCHUIM ZPMPU Y RTYTSBM MBDPOI L ZTHDY, - OP, RPDKHNBKFE UBNY, YNEA MY S RTBCHP LFP UDEMBFSH? NPZH MY S ULTSHCHBFSH CHBY DHTOSCHE RPUFHRLY PF MYG, LPYN OERPUTEDUFCHEOOOP CHCHTEOP CHBYE CHPURIFBOYE? oEF! - PO YYITPLYN TSEUFPN TBCHEM THLY Y U OEZPDPCHBOYEN ABFTSU VPTPDPK. - with OE NPZKH RTYOSFSH LFPZP OB UCHPA UPCHEUFSH, RPMPTSYFEMSHOP OE NPZH ... OEF, OEF, Y OE RTPUIFE ... OE NPZKH-U ...
h ABME TELP Y CHEUEMP RTPJCHHYUBMB FTHVB, YZTBAEBS PFVPK. chPURIFBOOILY CHCHUSCHRBMY YY CHUEEI YUEFSCHTEI PFDEMEOIK YKHNOPK, VEURPTSDPYUOPK ZKHTSHVPK. h FEYUEOYE DEUSFY NYOHF "RETENEOLY", RPMBZBCHYEKUS NETSDKH DCHHNS HTPLBNY, OBDP VSCHMP HUREFSH Y OBRYFSHUS, Y RPLKHTYFSH, Y USCHZKHTBUFSH RETENEOLY zKHUFBS FPMRB PVUFKHRYMB VPMSHYHA NEDOKHA, U FTENS LTBOBNY, CHBHKH, OBRPMOEOOKH CHPDPK. pLPMP LFPK CHBBSH CHUEZDB VSCHMB RTYCHSBOB ABOUT GERI FSTSEMBS PMPCHSOOBS LTKHTSLB, OP EA PVSCHLOPCHEOP OILFP OYLFP OE RPMSh'PCHBMUS. lBTSDSCHK OBZYVBMUS L PDOPNKH Y LTBOPCH, VTBM EZP CH TPF Y, OBRYCHYUSH FBLYN PVTBPN, KHUFKHRBM UCHPE NEUFP UMEDHAENKH. hFPTPLMBUUOILY, OBRPMOYCH "lBRETOBKHN" Y TBVYCHYYUSH FBN ABOUT LHYULY, LHTYMY RPD RTYLTSCHFYEN UFPTPTPTSB, RPUFBCHMEOOPZP X DCHETEK.
vHMBOYO OE CHSCHIPDIM YJ PFDEMEOIS. tO UFPSM X PLOB, BDEMBOOPZP TEYEFLPK, J TBUUESOOP, I UFEUOEOOSCHN UETDGEN ZMSDEM ON PZTPNOPE CHPEOOPE RPME, EDCHB RPLTSCHFPE ULHDOPK TSEMFPK FTBCHPK, TH OF DBMSHOAA TPEH, CHYDOECHYHAUS OESUOPK RPMPUPK ULCHPSH UETHA REMEOH BCHZHUFPCHULPZP DPTSDS. chDTHZ LFP-FP BBLTYYUBM H DCHETSI:
- vHMBOYO! YDEUSH OEF wHMBOYOB?
- ъDEUSH. SFP OHTSOP? - PETOHMUS FPF.
- uFHRBK ULPTEE CH DETSKHTOKHA. REFKHI YPCHEF.
- vBFAYLB OBTSBMPCHBMUS?
- OE BOBA. ДПМЦОП ВЩФШ. POI NETSDKH UPVPK UFP-FP TBZPCHBTYCHBAF. YDY ULPTEE!
lPZDB vKhMBOYO SCHYMUS CH DETSKHTOKHA, FP REFKHI Y lPEM PODOCHTENEOOOP CHUFTEFIMY EZP, RPLBYUYCHBS ZPMPCHBNY:
rEFHI LYCHBM ZPMPCHPK accounting CHOY J DPCHPMSHOP VSCHUFTP, YUFP RTYDBCHBMP EZP TSEUFBN HLPTYOEOOSCHK J OEDPCHPMSHOSCHK PFFEOPL, B lPEM RPLBYUYCHBM UMECHB OBRTBCHP J PYUEOSH NEDMEOOP have CHSCHTBTSEOYEN ZTHUFOPZP UPTSBMEOYS. ьФБ NYNYUEULBS UGEOB RTPDPMTSBMBUSH NYOHFSCH DCHE YMY FTY. vKhMBOYO UFPSM, RETECHPDS ZMBAB U PDOPZP ABOUT DTHZPZP.
- uFSCHDOP-U ... UPCHEUFOP ... NEW ЪB CHBU UPCHEUFOP, - ЪBZPCHPTIM OBLPOEG REFHI. - fBL-FP CHSCH OBYUYOBEFE HYUEOYE? yCH HTPLE YBLPOB VPTSYS CHCH ... LBL VSH ULBBFSH ... TBCHMELBEFEUSH ... YZTHYEYYULBNY YBOYNBEFEUSH. chNEUFP FPZP YUFPVSH MPCHYFSH LBTSDPE UMPCHP Y ... LBL VSCH ULBBFSH ... JBREUBFMECHBFSH EZP CHHNE, CHCH RTEDBEFEUSH RBZKHVOSCHN ABVBCHBHCH FPU UMPSHY ... .. FBL OEVTESOP PFOPUIFEUSH L CHBYIN PVSBOOPUFSN?
- oEIPTPYP. PYEOSH OEIPTPYP. - RPDFCHETDIM lPEM, HREITBS ABOUT "P".
"OE RKHUFE CH PFRHUL", - TEYIM CH KHNE vKHMBOYO, Y REFKHI, LBL VSCH HZBDSCHBS EZP NSCHUMSH, RTPDPMTSBM:
- UPVUFCHEOOOP ZPCHPTS, WITH CHBU DPMTSEO VE'PFRHULB POOFBCHYFSH ...
- ZPURPDY-YO LBRIFBO! - TsBMPVOP RTPFSOHM vKhMBOYO.
- FP-FP CPF - ZPURPDJO LBRIFBO. about RETCHSCHK TBB S HC, FBL Y VSHFSH, OE UFBOH MYYBFSH CHBU PFRHULB ... RPD BTEUF RPUBTSKH-U ... uFHRBKFE! ..
- - ZPURPDY-YO LBRIFBO, RPCHPMSHFE NPK ZHPOBTSH.
- oEF-U. zhPOBTS CHSCH VPMEE OE RPMHYUIFE. UEKYUBU TSE WITH RTYLBTSKH DSDSHLE EZP UMPNBFSH Y VTPUYFSH CH RPNPKOHA SNKH. iDIFE.
- s-L sL-MYU, RPCBMHKUFB ... - RTPUIM vKHMBOYO UP UMEBNY CH ZPMPUE.
- OEF-U Y OEF-U. iDIFE. yMY CHSCH TSEMBEFE (FHF rEFKHI UDEMBM ZPMPU UFTPTSE), UFPVSCH WITH DEKUFFCHYFEMSHOP ... LBL VSH ULBBFSH ... POOFBCHIM CHBU ON RTBDOIL CH ZYNOBYY? uFHRBKFE-U.
vHMBOYO HYEM. uRTBCHEDMYCHPUFSH FTEVKHEF ULBBFSH, UFP REFKHI OE UDETTSBM UCHPEZP UMPCHB PFOPUYFEMSHOP ZHPOBTS. YUEFSCHTE ZPDB UrHUFS vHMBOYOKH RP LBLPNKH-FP DEMH RTYYMPUSH YBKFY ABOUT LCHBTFEYTKH sLPCHB sLPCHMECHYUB. fBN, CH KHZMKH ZPUFYOPK, VSCHMB UCHBMEOB GEMBS ZPTLB YZTHYEL, RTYOBDMETSBEYI NBMEOSHLPNKH lBTMKHYE - EDYOUFCHEOPNKH YUBDH UCHBMEOB VEKHTEYB. ON UPDETTSBMUS CH PVTBGPCHPN RPTSDLE Y, RP-CHYDYNPNKH, REFINERY TBUYUYUIFSCHBFSH ABOUT RPYUFEOOKH DPMZPCHEUOPUFSH CH VETETSMYCHPN OENEGLPN UENEKUFCHE. OP ULPMSHLP ZPTSHLYI, HCBUOSHI CHREUBFMEOIK CHSCHCHBM FPZDB CH PFTPYUEULPK RBNSFY vKHMBOYOB CHYD NFPZP OECHYOOOPZP RTEDNEFB! ..
yEUFPK HTPL CH FPF DEOSH VSCHM OBUFPSEEK RSHFLPK DMS OPCHYULPCH. POI UPCHETIEOOOP OE NPZMY HUYDEFSH ABOUT NEUF, RPNYOHFOP CHETFEMYUSH Y FP Y DAMP U UVTBUFOSCHN PTSIDBOYEN PZMSDSCHBMYUSH OB DCHETSH. ZMBB CHCHPMOPCHBOOOP VMEUFEMY, RBMSHGSCH PDOPK TXLY OETCHOP NSMY RBMSHGSCH DTHZPK, OPZY RPD UFPMPN CHSCHVYCHBMY OEFETREMYCHHA DTPVSH. yn CHUEI UFPTPO CHPRTPYBAEYE MYGB PVTBEBMYUSH A MPRPHIPNH uFTBIPChH, UYDECHYENH ON BDOEK ULBNEKLE (X OEZP PDOPZP PE Chuen PFDEMEOYY VSCHMY YUBUSCH, CHPPVEE BRTEEEOOSCHE ZYNOBYY H), J uFTBIPCh, RPDSCHNBS CHCHETI TBUFPRSCHTEOOSCHE RSFETOY J NBIBS YNY. RPLBSCHCHBM, ULPMSHLP EEE NYOHF PUFBMPUSH DP FTEI YUBUPCH. pWEEE CHPMOOEYE DP FBLPK UVEROY UPPVEYMPUSH vHMBOYOH. UFP PO DBTSE RPABVSCHM P OEUYUBUFOPN ZHPOBTE J P UCHSBOOSHI U OYN ZTSDHEYI OERTYSFOPUFSI. tO, FBL CE LBL J DTHZYE, UHEFMYCHP VPMFBM OPZBNY, FYULBM MBDPOSNY MYGP J UHDPTPTSOP ETPYYM ON ZPMPCHE CHPMPUSCH, YUHCHUFCHHS, LBL X REZP H ZTHDY BNYTBEF YUFP-OP FBLPE UMBDLPE J OENOPZP TSHFLPE PF YUEZP IPYUEFUS RPFSOHFSHUS YMY BREFSH PE Chui ZPTMP. OP CPF TBDBAFUS YCHKHLY PFVPS, CHUE CHULBLYCHBAF U NEUF, FPYUOP RPDVTPYEOOSCHE LMELFTYUEEULYN FPLPN. lBL VSH OY VSCHM UFTPZ Y REDBOFYUEO RTERPDBCHBFEMSH, LBL VSCH OY VSCHM CHBTSEO PVYASUOSENSHK YN HTPL, X OEZP OE ICHBFYF DHIH YURSCHCHCHBCHNYUHETSFLH. "VMBZPDBTYN FEVE, UP'DBFEMA", YUIFBEF ABOUT IPDH, U FTHDPN RTPVYTBSUSH NETSDKH ULBNEKLBNY. uEMShULYK, RP OYLPNH DBTSE J H ZPMPCHH OE RTYDEF RETELTEUFYFSHUS ... in IMPRBOSHEN PFLTSCHCHBAFUS J BLTSCHCHBAFUS RARYFTSCH, HCHSSCHCHBAFUS CHETECHLBNY Lojze J FEFTBDY, LPFPTSCHE OHTSOP CHSFSH have UPVPA, B OEOHTSOSCHE, LBL RPRBMP, YCHSCHTSAFUS J CHFYULYCHBAFUS W Rabat.
nPMYFCHB LPOYEOB. dCHBDGBFSH YUEMPCHEL MEFSF UMPNS ZPMPCHH L DCHETSN, EDCHB OE UVYCHBS U OPZ RTERPDBCHBFEMS, LPFPTSCHK U UOYUIPDYFEMSHOPK, OP OEULPSCHMSHLPK VPP dv CHUEI YUEFSCHTEI PFDEMEOYK PDOPCHTENEOOP CHSCHTSCHCHBAFUS FY TSYCHSCHE, OEHDETTSYNSCHE RPFPLY, UMYCHBAFUS, RETENEYYCHBAFUS, J UPFOS NBMSHYUYYEL NYUYFUS, LBL UFBDP NPMPDSCHI DPTPCHSCHI TSYCHPFOSCHI, CHSCHRHEEOOSCHI dv FEUOSCHI LMEFPL ON CHPMA ... rTYVETsBFSh B URBMSHOA, OBDEFSH NHODYT, YYOEMSH J LERY, TBMPTSEOOSCHE yuEFHIPA BTBOEE RP LTPCHBFSN PFRKHULOSCHI, - DEMP PDOPK NYOHFSH. FERETSH POOFBEFUS RPKFY CH "DETSKHTOKHA", ZDE HTSE UYDSF CHUE YUEFSCHTE CHPURIFBFEMS, J "SCHIFSHUS" REFHICH.
- ZPURPDYO LBRIFBO, YUEUFSH YNEA ...
- b RPYUENH X CHBU RHZPCHYGSCH OE RPYEEEOSCH?
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- ъB vKhMBOYOSCHN RTYEEIBMY! rTPUSF RPULPTEE PDECHBFSHUS!
th HC OB FFPF TBZ ZPMPU DSDSHLY LBTSEFUS vKHMBOYOKH OE KHNSCHYMEOOOP TBCHOPDKHYOSCHN, B CHEUMSCHN, UPYUHCHUFCHEOSCHN, DBTSE TBDPUFOSCHN.
Topic: “Punctuation marks for interjections and onomatopoeic words. Morphological analysis of interjections "Lesson type: lesson to consolidate what has been learned
Goals:
To consolidate knowledge about interjections and onomatopoeic words
Fix hyphenated interjections and onomatopoeic words
Fix the setting of punctuation marks in interjections
To teach to make morphological analysis of interjections
Practice expressive reading of sentences with interjections, paying attention to intonation
Continue the development of the guys' imagination and their creative abilities
Equipment: blackboard, cards for each student, textbook for grade 7 "Russian language" M.T. Baranov, T.A. Ladyzhenskaya, M., "Education", 2011.
During the classes
Organizing time. (2 minutes)
Hello guys! Open your notebooks, write down the date, class work and the topic of our today's lesson - “Punctuation marks in interjections and onomatopoeic words. Morphological analysis of interjections ”.
Lesson goal message. Adapted target for guys. (1 minute)
Today we will consolidate our knowledge of interjections, onomatopoeic words and their correct spelling, as well as learn how to correctly place punctuation marks in interjections and try to expressively read the resulting sentences. For those who will work well today, I will put grades in the diary, so do your best!
Updating basic knowledge. (5-7 minutes)
First, let's remember what we learned in the previous lessons.
Frontal poll:
Is an interjection an official or independent part of speech?(this is a special part of speech)
What types of interjections do you know?(motivation, emotions, etiquette)
What do we call an onomatopoeic word?(words imitating the sounds of the surrounding world)
Is this also an interjection?(no, but adjoin interjections)
How do they differ from interjections?(do not express feelings and motives)
What interjections and onomatopoeic words can be in a sentence?(subject, predicate, or may not be a member of a sentence)
Homework check. Consolidation of what has been learned. (25 minutes)
Your homework assignment was exercise 416. There you emphasized interjections as members of the sentence. Did everyone do the job? Let's check it out.(I interview 6 students: how they wrote words with missing letters, why, what punctuation marks they put and how interjections were emphasized)
one). Here is ras dalosya ay vdbut leke. (N.A.Nekrasov).(acts as a complementary noun)
2). The whole capital is sodrO bent, and the girl hee-hee-hee yes ha-ha-ha.
(acts as a predicate verb)
3). All these hee hee, ha ha, singing, cowardly ras talk is an abomination. (L.N. Tolstoy).(acts as a subject noun)
4). Aboutb he clarified his pre dmet slowly, viscous, with bawith the ultimate um, ege.(acts as a noun-circumstance)
five). Hey, Petrov, start a song!
6). well, young woman, I'll help you out now. (A.I. Kuprin).(not a member of the offer)
Pay attention to the punctuation marks in the fifth and sixth sentences:
Hey Petrov, start a song!
Well, girl, I'll help you out now. (A. Kuprin)
Why did they put a comma here after the interjection?(because
interjections are separated by commas)
What else can you distinguish between an interjection in a sentence?(exclamation mark)
We write the rule in a notebook:
InterjectionsStand out :
A comma if they are at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence.
Eh, tie a knot for memory ... (A. Griboyedov)
Ears, she-she-she, well cooked. (I. Krylov)
An exclamation point if it is at the beginning of a sentence and pronounced with increased intonation.
Guard! Catch, catch and crush it, crush it. (A. Pushkin)
InterjectionsDO NOT STAND OUT :
If they stand before the personal pronoun YOU, YOU, followed by an address.
Oh you, my steppe, free steppe. (A. Koltsov)
And now, let's remember with you how complex interjections and onomatopoeic words are written. Divide a page of your notebook into two sections: right and left columns. On the left, write the word "THROUGH THE DEPHIS", and on the right - "SEPARATE". I will dictate words to you, and you write them down in the desired column.
Checking. Well done! Now write down another colloquial interjection, which is spelled with a hyphen.: come on. Some writers use it in their works to convey the vivid colloquial speech of characters. Let's write an example:
“Wonderful song, sing in whatever company you want; only the bust ... does not work, andgo on ! " (A. N. Ostrovsky). Underline the interjection.
Now open the tutorials on page 192 and find Exercise 419. You need to rewrite the sentences by inserting the missing punctuation marks. Who wants to board? (I call one student to the blackboard, each student reads it expressively before writing a sentence - I work out intonation)
"NS, yes you are a daub (Do you know who a mazunchik is? Let's look into the explanatory dictionary and rewrite its lexical meaning. One student with a loud voice will read and dictate from the textbook) As I can see! » - said Bulba. 2. Well, let's go to , children! 3. U, how fresh and good! 4. Eh, if you knew , Katerina, how cut (What is the meaning of this word? What other meanings do you know?) then we are with the Turks! five ... Ege-ge, yes these are both birds from the same nest! 6. Ay-ay, what a voice! (Let's say this interjection with increased intonation. What punctuation mark should then be put?) 7. Wow, yes it is a grip!
Let's make a morphological analysis of the interjection "hoo". The analysis plan is on everyone's table. Write in a notebook and one person on the board.
Parse plan. (card for each student)
Part of speech
Morphological features:
Immutable word;
Discharge by value (emotional, incentive, etiquette)
Discharge by origin (derivative, non-derivative)
Discharge by structure (simple, complex)
III... Which member of the proposal is.
Lesson parsing plan.
Wow - interjection
Morphological features:
Immutable word;
Emotional;
Non-derivative;
Complicated;
Is not a member of the proposal.
Summing up the lesson. Grading a lesson.
Guys, all great! Today we have fixed the separate and hyphenated spelling of interjections and onomatopoeic words, remembered the correct placement of punctuation marks with them, learned to make morphological analysis of interjections, and also visited the actors a little and found out how important intonation is in expressive reading of interjections. Grades for the lesson are received by ... (I mention the names of the students). At the end of the lesson, bring the diaries, I will give the marks.
Homework.
We open the diaries, write down our homework: exercise. 418, p. 71 and make a morphological analysis of the interjections "Help!" and "Goodbye" from exercise. 415.
Thanks for the work in the lesson! Goodbye!
about the various gifts sent down by heaven to man, he added: "Listen, young men, with zeal to the word of God, and you will be as generously sought after as I am." And as if at these words, Peshchersky pulled out a copper nickel from his pocket and immediately, in front of the amazed audience, rolled it up into a tube.
But what the Lord really did not seek him out was his eloquence. He explained his subject slowly, visibly, boringly, with endless "um ..." and "ege ...", with repetitions of the same word. Under his monotonous squealing, eyes involuntarily stuck together and the head fell by itself on the chest, especially if the lesson took place after breakfast. His pupils did not like him, despite even his legendary strength, which in the gymnasium was valued above all the gifts sent by heaven to man. There was a sense of a hypocrite in him. He gave good grades, but often complained about the pupils to the inspector. In addition, he "for every little bit" recorded the guilty in the class journal, which he performed in calligraphic handwriting, very verbose and ornate. Once he wrote down Bulanin for "blasphemy, swine-like and obstinacy." Pig-like consisted in uncleaned boots, obstinacy - in ignorance of the lesson, and blasphemy - in the fact that someone from the department called Peshchersky "Goat" - who exactly remained unknown.
This time the lesson seemed especially long to Bulanin. The newly acquired lantern haunted him.
“And what will happen if mom doesn’t give two rubles? Then, probably, you won’t get off with oil cans alone,” mused Bulanin. “Yes, finally, how dare I tell her about my purchase? Of course, she will be upset. says that our funds are decreasing, that the estate does not bring anything, that one pension is not enough for such a large family that every penny must be protected, and so on. No, it’s better to obey the advice of Selskiy and get rid of this damned lantern. "
But suddenly, like a spark, an alarming fear flashed in Bulanin's head, and even his heart ached with fright ... But what if he was spoiled by passing from hand to hand? Suddenly they stole pictures or bent something? Then he won't accept Freight back for anything ...
He hastily, with trembling hands, lifted the lid of his table and, supporting it with his head, began to examine the lantern.
No, everything is all right ... The tube diverges a little along the junction, but it was so ... everyone heard, you can refer to the entire department ... And the pictures are all intact - twelve pieces ... Here's another light bulb to examine.
What are you doing there at your table? - Bulanin suddenly heard the thin voice of Peshchersky.
He shuddered and quickly lowered the lid. The goat slowly approached him with the most affectionate expression on his face, now gathering his thick beard into a fist, now fanning it out.
I ... I ... nothing ... I don't do anything ... really, nothing, ”said Bulanin.
What do you have there? .. Show me, ”said the Goat, making suddenly stern and dull eyes and nodding his head towards the desk.
Really, nothing, sir! Honestly, nothing ... I just ... I was looking for a book.
Muttering these incoherent words, Bulanin held on tightly to the edges of the lid, but the Goat pulled it up with persistent, although gentle effort, and pulled out the magic lantern.
Father, let me ... give it back ... Father, I will never be more ... Give it back, please, 'Bulanin pleaded.
My son, - said the Goat, suddenly making his voice unusually gentle, and his wet eyes again became meek, - my son, I would gladly give you your ... your little thing ... I don't need it for anything, but ... - on this "but" the Goat raised his voice and pressed his palms to his chest - but think for yourself, do I have the right to do this? Can I hide your evil deeds from the persons to whom your upbringing is directly entrusted? No! He spread his arms wide and shook his beard indignantly. - I cannot accept this on my conscience, positively I cannot ... no, no, and don't ask ... I can't, sir ...
In the hall, a trumpet sounded sharply and merrily, playing a rebound [*]. Inmates poured out of all four departments in a noisy, disorderly crowd. During ten minutes of "break", which was supposed to be between two lessons, it was necessary to have time to get drunk and smoke, and play a whole game of buttons, and learn a lesson. A dense crowd surrounded a large copper vase with three taps, filled with water. A heavy pewter mug was always tied to a chain near this vase, but usually no one used it. Each bent down to one of the taps, took it in his mouth and, having drunk in this way, yielded his place to the next. The second-graders, filling the "capernaum" and breaking into piles there, smoked under the cover of a watchman posted at the door.
[*] - Before each lesson, the bugler or drummer played the collection, and after the lesson, the lights out. Approx. A.I. Kuprin.
Bulanin did not leave the department. He stood at the window, closed with bars, and absentmindedly, with a cramped heart, gazed at the huge military field, barely covered with scanty yellow grass, and at the distant grove, visible as an indistinct stripe through the gray veil of the August rain. Suddenly someone shouted at the door:
Go quickly to the duty. The rooster is calling.
Did the father complain?
Do not know. It should be. They talk to each other. Come quickly!
When Bulanin appeared at the duty, the Rooster and the Goat met him at the same time, shaking their heads: the Rooster nodded his head upside down and rather quickly, which gave his gestures a reproachful and displeased tone, and the Goat rocked from left to right and very slowly, with an expression of sad regret. This mimicry scene lasted two or three minutes. Bulanin stood, looking from one to the other.
I'm ashamed ... ashamed ... I'm ashamed for you, '' the Rooster spoke at last. - Is that how you start teaching? In the lesson of the law of God, you ... how to say ... have fun ... play with toys. Instead of catching every word and ... how to say ... imprinting it in your mind, you indulge in destructive fun ... What will happen to you next if you already ... er ... how to say. .. so careless about your duties?
Not good. Very bad, - Kozel confirmed, emphasizing the "o".
"He won't let him go on vacation," Bulanin decided in his mind, and the Rooster, as if guessing his thought, continued:
As a matter of fact, I must leave you without a vacation ...
Lord in captain! - Bulanin piteously stretched out.
That's it - Mr. Captain. For the first time, so be it, I won't deprive you of your vacation ... But if something like that again - remember, I'll write it down in the journal, sir, I'll impose a penalty, I'll put you under arrest, sir ... Go! ..
Lord in captain, let my flashlight.
No with. You will no longer receive the lantern. Now I will order my uncle to break it and throw it into the cesspool. Go ahead.
I-k Yak-lich, please ... - asked Bulanin with tears in his voice.
No, sir and no, sir. Go ahead. Or do you wish (here the Rooster made his voice sterner) that I really ... how shall I say ... leave you for a holiday at the gymnasium? Go on, sir.
Bulanin left. It is fair to say that the Rooster did not keep his word regarding the lantern. Four years later, Bulanin had to go to the apartment of Yakov Yakovlevich for some reason. There, in the corner of the living room, a whole pile of toys belonging to little Carlusha, the only child of the Rooster, was piled up, and among them Bulanin easily recognized his ill-fated lantern. He was kept in exemplary order and, apparently, could count on venerable longevity in a thrifty German family. But how many bitter, terrible impressions the sight of this innocent object caused in Bulanin's adolescent memory then! ..
The sixth lesson that day was a real torture for beginners. They could not sit still at all, they were constantly turning around and now and then, with passionate expectation, looked back at the door. His eyes glittered with excitement, the fingers of one hand nervously crumpled the fingers of the other, legs under the table beat out an impatient beat. From all sides, the questioning persons turned to the lop-eared Strakhov, who was sitting on the back bench (he alone had a watch in the entire department that was generally prohibited in the gymnasium), and Strakhov, raising his spread fingers up and waving them, showed how many minutes remained until three o'clock ...
The general excitement was communicated to Bulanin to such an extent that he even forgot about the unfortunate lantern and the future troubles associated with it. He, like the others, fussy dangled his legs, squeezed his face with his palms and convulsively ruffled his hair on his head, feeling something so sweet and a little creepy in his chest that makes you want to stretch out or sing loudly.
But then there are the sounds of the lights out, everyone jumped up from their seats, as if thrown by an electric current. No matter how strict and pedantic the teacher is, no matter how important the lesson he explains, he does not have the heart to test the students' self-control at this moment. "We thank you, creator", - reads Selskiy as he walked, making his way with difficulty between the benches, but nobody would even think of crossing himself ... , and unnecessary ones, at random, are thrown and squeezed into the box.
The prayer is over. Twenty people fly headlong to the door, almost knocking down the teacher, who with a condescending but somewhat timid smile hugs the wall From all four departments, these living, uncontrollable streams burst out at the same time, merge, mix, and a hundred boys rush like a herd of young healthy animals released from cramped cages into the wild.
Running into the bedroom, putting on a uniform, greatcoat and caps, which Chetukha laid out in advance on the beds of vacationers, is a matter of one minute. Now it remains to go to the "duty room", where all four educators are already sitting, and "appear" to the Rooster.
Captain, I have the honor ...
Why aren't your buttons cleaned?
Ah, those damn buttons! Again you need to run to the bedroom, from there to the washroom. There are always two large red bricks on the board.
Bulanin quickly and firmly rubs them one against the other, then dips the flesh of his palm into the powder and so hastily cleans the buttons that he burns the skin on his hand. The thumb turns black with copper and brick, but there is no time to wash, you can have time afterwards ...
Captain, I have the honor to appear. Pupil of the first class, second branch, Bu ...
Ah! Have you cleaned up? Good with. Did they come for you or did they send someone?
Oh my God, waiting again - that's the torment!
Into the tea room, adjacent to the attendant, every now and then go out from below from the reception room and loudly call the pupils:
Svergin, Yegorov, please, they've come for you; Bakhtinsky - to the reception!
“Have they really forgotten about me at home?” Bulanin whispers in alarm, but is immediately frightened by his own thought. “No, no, this cannot be: Mom knows, Mom herself missed you ... Well, here comes the uncle again ... Now probably me. "
Bulanin's heart is beating in his chest until it hurts.
They came for Lamparev, ”the uncle announces in an indifferent voice, and this indifference seems to Bulanin insulting, almost deliberate.
"He does this on purpose ... he sees how unpleasant it is to me, and he does it on purpose."
Finally, the nervous tension begins to ease. Fatigue and boredom replace it. It gets hot in the greatcoat, the collar crushes the neck, the hooks cut the throat ... I want to sit down and sit without turning my head, as if at a train station.
"It's over, it's over," Bulanin thinks bitterly, "I'm the most unfortunate boy in the world, forgotten by everyone and no one needs ..."
Annoying tears are asking for eyes. The uncle cries out more and more surnames, but his appearance no longer causes an impatient uplift of all feelings: Bulanin looks at him with dull, motionless and malicious eyes.
And so - as it always happens if you are waiting for something especially passionately - at the very moment when Bulanin is about to go to the bedroom to take off his vacation uniform, when a heavy, depressing anger against the whole world rises in his soul: against Rooster, against Gruzov, against father, even against mother - at that very moment the uncle, from whom Bulanin deliberately turns away, shouts to the whole room:
We've come for Bulanin! They ask to get dressed as soon as possible!
Bulanin's triumph. - Heroes of the gymnasium. - Bet. - Shoemaker boy. - Honour. - Heroes again. - Photo. - Despondency. - Several gentle scenes. - To the sharap! The heap is small! - Retribution. - Beggars.
The vacation was great. A cap, worn on one side, and a black military overcoat, saddle-stitched, attracted everyone on the street. Everything, positively everything: those who rode in cabs, and pedestrians, and passengers on horse-drawn trams - looked at Bulanin with respectful curiosity and joyful amazement (in any case, it seemed to him so). In their eyes, he read each time a silent exclamation: "Look, look - a military schoolboy! .. It's amazing - he is so young and already wears a military uniform. After all, they say they have terrible severity, and they are even taught to march with real guns."
At home, in front of his younger sister, and especially in front of eight-year-old Vassenka, Bulanin diligently withstood the outward dignity and somewhat stern tone of the old man.
When Vassenka, seduced by the sight of golden galloons, wanted to touch them a little with his finger, the elder brother remarked to him in a displeased bass:
Leave me alone! Why are you climbing? You spoil your uniform, and then I'll get it. "Captenarmus" will never give out anything new.
These new technical words, such as "captenarmus", "rank", "right flank", "bugler" and the like, he especially often sometimes without any reason, but with a very careless air, inserted into his conversation than Zina and Vassenka were finally suppressed. He also told them about Cargo and about his amazing strength (after all, Sunday evening was still so far away!), And it is clear that in the trusting, enslaved minds of the listeners, the figure of Cargo took on the dimensions of some mythical monster, something like the Nightingale of the Robber. "with such here" - almost the size of a human head with fists.
What else is this! - continued Bulanin to surprise his small audience, which already goggle little eyes and gaped mouths. - This is something else! But we have a pupil Solyanka - his, in fact, is the name Krasnogorsky, but we called him Solyanka - so he once ate ten rolls on a bet. Do you see toddlers: ten French rolls! And he didn't drink anything! BUT!
Ten rolls! - repeated the kids in a whisper and looked at each other almost in horror.
Yes, and won the bet. And the other - Trofimov - bet for twenty breakfasts that he would not eat anything for three weeks ... And he did not eat ... He did not eat a single piece.
Bulanin, in fact, only slightly exaggerated the figures in his amazing stories. Such bets were common in school life and were undertaken exclusively from the youth. One argued that within two days he would write all the numbers from 1 to 1,000,000, another would take to smoke in a row and, without fail, inhaling fifteen cigarettes, the third ate raw fish or snails and drank ink, the fourth boasted that he would hold his hand over the lamp , until he counts to thirty ... These bets were born by the deadening boredom of everyday life, the lack of books and entertainment, as well as the sheer indifference of educators to what the young minds entrusted to their supervision are doing. They usually argued over dozens, sometimes even hundreds of morning and evening rolls, for cutlets, for the third course, less often for gifts and money. The whole age followed the outcome of such a bet with keen interest and did not allow cheating.
Bulanin's mother was in complete rapture - in that holy and egoistic rapture that takes possession of every mother when she first sees her son in any form, and to which is mingled with a share of proud and incredulous surprise. “How? Is this my son?” Says their every eloquent glance. form, almost a member of society, almost a man? "
Oh you, my cadet! Oh you, my dear cadet! Aglaya Fyodorovna would say every minute, pressing her son's head firmly to her breast.
At the same time, she even closed her eyes and gritted her teeth, seized by that very sudden, impulsive passion that irresistibly forces young mothers to kiss, squeeze, squeeze, almost bite their newborn children so fiercely.
And Bulanin sternly shook his head and pushed aside.
On Sunday morning, she took him to the institute, where her older daughters studied, then to their aunts on Dvoryanskaya Street, then to her boarding friend, madame Girchich. Bulanin was called "his excellency", "warrior", "hero" and "future Skobelev". He blushed with pleasure and shame, and with rude haste tore himself out of his kindred embrace.
In the same way as yesterday, everyone whom Bulanin met on the streets was pleasantly struck by the sight of the newly made schoolboy. Bulanin never for a second doubted that the whole world was now occupied exclusively with jubilation over his admission to the gymnasium. And only once this triumphant procession was somewhat embarrassed when, at a turn into some street, a shoemaker boy, stained with soot, with blocks under his arm jumped out from the gates of a large house and, rushing like an arrow between Bulanin and his mother, shouted all over the street:
Cadet, cadet, put on a stick! ..
It was impossible to chase after him - a schoolboy on the street befriended "solidity" and serious manners, - otherwise the impudent, no doubt, would have received cruel retribution. However, Bulanin's vanity immediately received pleasant satisfaction, because a general was passing by. Bulanin longed for this occasion with all his soul: he had never yet had a chance to become a frunt.
He delighted in saluting. Not four legal, but at least fifteen steps, he put his hand to the visor, raising his elbow high up, and stared at the officer with shining eyes, in which one could clearly read fear, joy and impatient expectation. Each time, having performed this ceremony and received a Masonic sign in response from a smiling officer, Bulanin only slightly looked sideways at his mother, and he himself assumed such a businesslike, anxious, even seemingly tired look, as if he had just finished a very difficult and difficult, albeit a habitual duty, not clear to outsiders, but requiring special deep knowledge from the performer. And since he was still quite inexperienced in sorting out epaulettes and buttonholes, he saluted with equal pleasure both sergeant majorities and excise officials, and once even saluted a Cossack batman carrying a court order with an officer's lunch, to which the batman immediately replied without the slightest sign of embarrassment , but extremely politely, shifting the vessels from the right hand to the left.
It so happened that his mother tugged at his sleeve and whispered anxiously:
Misha, Misha, look, you missed the officer (she felt at these meetings exactly the same naive, proud and pleasant feelings as her son).
Bulanin responded in a contemptuous bass:
Here you go! It is worth taking care of every officer. Probably just produced.
He, of course, puffed slightly in front of his mother, flaunting his boldness and simply repeating the rude expression he had heard from the old school students. For old people, especially "desperate" ones, it was considered special chic not to give honor to an officer, even, if possible, to accompany this act with some wild trick.
How great I puffed it up! - often told some Gruz or Balkashin. - I pass by - zero attention and a pound of contempt. He shouts to me; "Mr. schoolboy, please come here." And I think to myself: "Naka-s, take a bite." Go! He follows me. I'm from him. He jumps into the cab. "Well, I think: my business is tobacco, it will catch." Suddenly I see a through gate, instantly - sniff! and the gate to the lock ... While he was standing there, cursing, and calling the janitor, I managed to escape long ago.
On the same day, Aglaya Fyodorovna took her son to a photograph. Needless to say, the photographer was incredibly amazed and delighted with the honor of taking a picture of such a magnificent schoolboy. After long meetings, it was decided to remove Bulanin at full height: with his right hand he should lean on the column, and with his left, lowered down, hold the cap. During the entire session, Bulanin was full of inimitable importance, although justice demands to note the fact that later, when the photograph was finally ready, all twelve cards could serve as visual evidence that the magnificent schoolboy and future Skobelev was not yet able to properly button up his trousers ...
At lunch there were exclusively dishes that Mishenka loved, but the hero of the occasion seemed to have lost his hitherto invincible appetite forever ... He already felt that the end of his vacation was gradually approaching, and the prisoner face of Gruzov stood before him - fanged, yellow and rude, his energetically clenched fist and an ominous threat uttered in a hoarse voice: "Otherwise ... you know how! .."
As the hand of the wall clock approached seven, Bulanin's melancholy grew, just some kind of animal melancholy - indefinite, fearful, base and languid. After dinner, Zina sat down at the piano to learn her exercises. From under her unsure fingers stretched, endlessly repeating all over and over again, boring scales. The dull twilight crept into the windows and thickened in the far corners ... Bulanin's nerves could not stand it, and he, forgetting all his morning courage, wept bitterly, burying his face in the hard and cold back of the leather sofa.
Misha, why are you? What's the matter with you, Mishenka? Aglaya Fyodorovna asked, running up to him.
The moment was very favorable, and Bulanin felt it. Now he should have told frankly the whole adventure with the magic lantern, but a strange, bashful shyness gripped his tongue, and he only muttered, carrying his nose:
So so ... I feel sorry for you, Mommy ...
At half past six he and Aglaya Fyodorovna began to get ready. Goodies were tied into an old napkin: a dozen apples, a few homemade cakes, and a jar of raspberry jam.
Look, Misha, - my mother suggested, - eat a little jam ... with tea ... that's enough for you for a whole week ... Give your comrades a spoon, let them try ...
Then she wrote in the finished text of the vacation ticket that “cadet ... Bulanin... during the vacation he was ... with me and behaved ... very good... Signature of parents or persons in their stead ... A. Bulanina".
I had to go through the whole city. Both mother and son were silent on the way, seized by the same feeling of despondency. The closer they got to the gymnasium, the more desolate the area became ... It was already completely dark when they crossed the stone bridge, under which a stinking river was twisting like a narrow ribbon; in it the reflections of street lamps trembled, blurring. Then on both sides of the pavement stretched long, low, monotonous barracks with unlit windows. Here, finally, is the huge three-story building of the gymnasium, the former cadet corps, and even earlier - the palace of Catherine's grandee. Further, there is not a single city building, except for the military prison; its lights barely flicker far, far away at the edge of a military field that now seems blacker than night.
At the porch, Aglaya Fyodorovna baptized and kissed her son for a long time. But since the same entrance every minute drove up and approached vacation school students, then in Bulanin suddenly spoke a false shame: the scene could seem too tender, maybe even funny, in any case, not in the spirit of the youth of the gymnasium. All imbued with compassionate love for his mother and the pain of his close loneliness, he nevertheless sternly, almost rudely, freed his neck from her hands. When, after him, she shouted to him to be more diligent, to obey the teachers and "in case of something" immediately wrote (to which he had already been given envelopes with pre-written addresses and stamps glued), he, hiding in the doorway, muttered:
Okay ... Okay, okay ...
But he still managed to notice how his mother baptized him after with small, frequent crosses.
He slowly climbed to the third floor along a dirty cast-iron staircase, dimly lit by wall lamps, and it seemed to him that he had suddenly become an orphan, became again a small, helpless boy. All his thoughts were there, below, near the mother he had abandoned.
“Here she got into the cab, here the cabman abruptly turns the horse back, here, approaching the corner, my mother casts her last glance at the entrance,” thought Bulanin, swallowing tears, and yet step by step he climbed up.
But on the upper landing, his melancholy increased to such unbearable pain that he suddenly, without realizing what he was doing, ran headlong downstairs. In one minute he was already on the porch. He did not hope for anything, did not think of anything, but he was not at all surprised, but only strangely delighted when he saw his mother in the same place where he had left her in a few minutes. And this time the mother had to be the first to free herself from the feverish embrace of her son.
Finally, he "appeared" to the teacher on duty (at each age, their teachers were on duty in turn), who examined his bundle very carefully. Since the evening prayer had already ended, the vacation pay from the attendant went straight to the bedroom.
There, at the very doors, about twelve second-graders were waiting for them. At Bulanin, as soon as he entered with his white bundle, this horde attacked like a pack of hungry wolves.
And all the hands reached for the knot, colliding and clinging to one another. Each tried to squeeze forward and pushed the interfering comrade with his shoulder.
Gentlemen ... yes, excuse me ... I'm now, '' muttered the confused, stunned Bulanin, `` I'm now ... just ... let me go ... I can't do everything ...
He hastily untied the knot, trying to dodge the predatory hands that were ripping it out, and thrust an apple into someone's hand. But at this time, a huge red-haired fellow flew into the whole mass swarming around Bulanin and shouted in a frantic voice:
On the sharap!
At the same moment, a white bundle, thrown from below by a strong blow, soared into the air. Apples and tortillas flew out of him in all directions, as if from a burst rocket, and the jam jar cracked, hitting the wall. The dump immediately boiled on the floor, in the darkness of the dimly lit bedroom. The old men on all fours chased the apples rolling on the parquet floor, snatching them one from the other from the hands and from the mouth; some immediately went hand-to-hand. Someone bumped into a broken jar of jam, picked it up and, throwing his head back, poured the jam right into his wide-open mouth. Another noticed this and began to pull up. The jar finally crashed in their hands; both were circumcised to the point of blood, but, not paying attention to it, they began to trick each other.
Three more old men came running to the noise of the common landfill. However, they quickly realized that they had come too late, and then one of them, in order to reward himself a little for the deprivation, shouted:
The heap is small, guys! ..
Something unimaginable has happened. The upper ones fell on the lower ones, the lower ones fell to the floor and made convulsive movements with their arms and legs to get out of this mess. Those who succeeded, in turn, climbed to the very top of the "little heap". Some laughed, others choked under the weight of the bodies crushing them, swore like draft cabbies, cried and, in a frenzy, bit and scratched the first thing they came across - no matter whether it was an arm or a leg, a stomach or the face of an unknown enemy.
Thrown to the ground by a strong jolt, Bulanin felt someone's knee rested with force against his neck. He tried to free himself, but the same knee squeezed his mouth and nose into someone's soft belly, while dozens of arms and legs were floundering on his back. The lack of air suddenly gave Bulanin seizure strength. Punching one neighbor in the face and grabbing another's hair, he lunged and jumped out of the pile.
Before he had time to go to his bed, they called him:
BUT! Bulanka! Come on, come here.
Did you bring it? - Laconically asked Gruz, wiping his hands on the chest of his jacket.
My dear ... by God, he couldn’t, ”Bulanin muttered plaintively. - Well, here's an honest, noble word, I just couldn't. Next Sunday I will certainly bring ... certainly ...
Why couldn't you today? Do you want to live out, you scoundrel? Come on back lantern ...
I don't have it, - whispered Bulaniy. - The rooster took ... I ...
He didn’t have time to finish. From his right eye a whole sheaf of dazzling white sparks gushed out ... Stunned by the blow of a cargo fist, Bulanin at first staggered in place, not understanding anything. Then he covered his face with his hands and sobbed.
You hear that next time you either return the lantern to me, or bring money. Only now, not two, but two and a half, ”said Gruzov, again taking up the chicken. - Do you have any presents, at least?
No ... there were apples and cakes ... and a can of raspberry jam was ... I wanted to give everything to you, - Bulanin involuntarily lied, - but the old men just took them away from me ...
Until late at night, old men darted between the beds of first graders, eavesdropping and spying on whether they were eating something secretly. Some acted in parties, others alone. If a newcomer refused to "treat" him, then his things, locker, bed and himself were subjected to a thorough search, punishing him for resistance with cuffs.
Although they did not take away the treats from their classmates, they begged them with all sorts of humiliations, the most vile, beggarly tone, with an abundance of diminutive and affectionate words, recalling at once some old scores about some pieces.
Bulanin is already under the covers when two second-graders stop over his head. One of them is called Arap (Bulanin did not know his last name). He, loudly munching and puffing, eats some sweets. Another - Fedchenko begs him.
Ara-ap, yes-ay, a piece of chocolate, - pulls Fedchenko in a touching tone.
And what about the orange, Arapchik? Give me half a slice.
But Bulanin no longer hears the end of this trade. Before his eyes, the city streets, a photographer with a goatee, Zinochka's gamma, the reflection of lights in a narrow, black, as black river, sweep by in a swift whirlwind. Cargo, devouring a chicken, and, finally, a sweet, meek native face, dimly lit by a lantern swinging over the entrance ... Then everything mixes in his tired head, and his consciousness plunges into deep darkness, like a stone thrown into water.
Moral characteristic. - Pedagogy and your own world - Property and belly. - What does it mean to be friends and share. - Forces. - Forgetting. - Desperate. - Triumvirate. - Solid. - Strongmen.
Every three months, all the teachers and teachers of the gymnasium gathered under the chairmanship of the director downstairs, in the general teachers' room, for a pedagogical council. There, educational and teaching methods were established, the number of lessons in various subjects was determined, the most important misdeeds of the pupils were discussed. In view of the latter, each separated educator was obliged to keep "characteristics" of his pupils. For this, he was given, according to the number of high school students in his department, several dozen blue notebooks with yellow spines, on the cover of which it was indicated in print [*]:
A firmly thought-out educational system, adopted by the pedagogical council on the basis of a deep and comprehensive study of the children's natures entrusted to its leadership and the strong trust that pupils have in their educators. "
Meanwhile, the inner, own life of children's natures flowed in a special channel, without the knowledge of the pedagogical council, completely alien and incomprehensible to him, developing its own jargon, its own customs and customs, its original ethics. This peculiar channel was closely and precisely limited by two inaccessible shores: on the one hand, by the universal unconditional recognition of the rights of physical strength, and on the other, by the general conviction that the authorities are the primordial enemy, that all their actions are undertaken exclusively with a malicious intent to perpetrate a dirty trick, to constrain , cut back, hurt, cold, hunger, that educator with b O he eats lunch with a greater appetite, when a pupil, left without lunch, sits next to him ...
And no matter how strange it may seem, but "his own" boyish world was so much stronger and more stable than pedagogical tricks that he always prevailed over them. It was already evident from this alone that if a fresh, strong person with the most sincere and humane intentions entered the number of educators, then two years later (unless he himself left earlier) he would sink and wave his hand at the old nonsense.
Drop by drop the conviction that these damned tomboys really were his eternal, merciless enemies, that they needed to be hunted down, caught, searched, frightened, punished as often as possible and fed as rarely as possible, was implanted in him. Thus, his own world triumphed over the formalism of the pedagogical council, and some kind of Cargo with his frightening pressure on the kids, without knowing it, stood across the entire harmonious educational system.
Every second grader had enormous rights over the property of every kid. If the newcomer did not want to voluntarily give away gifts, the old man pulled them out of his hands with impunity or turned the pockets of his trousers inside out. The old man did not dare to touch most of the newcomer's things, according to a kind of moral code of the gymnasium, but collectible stamps, feathers and buttons, as items of a partly sporting nature, could be selected along with gifts. It was also forbidden to encroach on government food: it served only as an object of exchange or payment of a debt.
In general, the strong could take away from the weak a lot - almost everything, but then the whole age vigilantly and jealously watched every "loss". Theft was the only crime that was brought to the attention of the authorities (not to mention the lynching carried out on the perpetrators), and to the credit of the gymnasium, it must be said that there were absolutely no thieves in it. If someone has sinned by accident, then later he will be forgiven for the rest of his life. But even here, along with harsh honesty towards comrades, "one's own" morality suddenly gave an unexpected leap, allowing and even, perhaps, encouraging all kinds of theft from educators. Of course, most often they stole food from the lockers in the officers' corridors. Wines and liqueurs were stolen, and they were usually stolen by breaking the padlocks.
In addition to property rights, the second grader also enjoyed rights over the "belly" of the baby, that is, at any time of the day or night he could make him a "lemon" or "pug" out of his face, feed him with "butter" and "nuts", "show Moscow" or "the apartments of doctors" ah "and" oh "," bend the sled "," blow smoke out of the eyes "and so on.
The newcomer, for his part, undertook to endure all this patiently, as politely as possible, and by no means attract thunder.