It is worth showing a surrender, hard work, and - despite the well-known saying - it may turn out from the cast tube very good ... Garden inventory. Moreover, with minimal costs of its manufacture. The published material of the Candidate of Agricultural Sciences S. Larkina from the Moscow is a confirmation of that.
"Slopat projectile"
Gardening and gardening took up seriously 6 years ago. Naturally, it took the appropriate inventory. Among the descriptions of numerous homemade structures of the shovel - an indispensable in the farm "Shopping projectile for Copki, the Upbrush, Navalki and Power Power" (the definition of the existence of an intelligent dictionary V. Dalya) - Attention attracted publication in the third issue "M-K" for 1985.I liked the idea itself: the possibility of using the segment of the water-gas pipe with a clutch for mounting the canvas (bayonet) shovel-hoes to the cutting. It was not satisfied with the difficulty of fulfillment and reduced, judging by the size taken as the basis, the reliability of the fastening finger is the binding to the Czechoslovak grocery of the factory manufacturers used.
Designed by me, the design is free from these disadvantages. As in the above prototype, the housing of the rotary assembly in the proposed shovel-hoe serves a cut of a pipe. It is best of the domestic sorting a steel water supply pipe (GOST 3262-75) with an outer diameter of 33.5 mm and a wall thickness of 2.8 mm. The canvas (bayonet) is made of its spent, shortened to the R-210 mm of the Copal rectangular shovel of the CPL (GOST 19596-87) with a modified toilet.
The refinement is that the latter is cut up to 57 mm, and from the inside, the cheeks of the sheet steel of the brand Article 3 are brewed with a thickness of 5-6 mm. You can use trimming remaining when shovels. The side of 14 mm with a diameter of 14 mm for the axis from the steel st.3 is drilled in the tube.
As in the prototype, for rigid fixation of the bayonet in any of the three positions, it is enough to rotate the threaded clutch until it stops into the appropriate ends of the cheeks.
Elderly people can be recommended another tool. Using it, no longer need to continuously "bow" when paving the garden or garden plot. Recalls here "shoe" into the rubber "shoe" A stubborn rack with a screw and a special turning device, made in the form of two sliding relative to each other for a row of pipe segments with the corresponding parameters. So that the bayonet was easier to shower into the pound, the shovel is equipped with a wooden handle in a metal (made of painted pipe cutting) holder and has a somewhat modified plane of the canvas itself.
The basis of the design is again the shovel of the CPL. Only the canvas are no longer shortened. And so that it is deeper and with less resistance included in the ground, not slipping out of the crumbling roots of the forest row on the site, the cutting end is performed not smoothly rounded, but trapezoidal. Moreover, the plane of the blade, without affecting the edges of the causing, straighten with the hammer. The resulting rectangular teeth are sharpened at an angle of 20 degrees and thermally treated to hardness 37 ... ... 53 HRC.
But make a similar shovel - still half. It is important to learn how to work. Taking the end of the stalk with his right hand, the left leg is plugged into the ground (approximately at an angle of 70 degrees). Then the cuttings are repelled from herself until it falls perpendicular to the soil. And right there, pressing the stubborn stand to the ground, the shovel stalk sharply pull (with a turn) on itself. As a result, the next portion of the soil seems to be thrown forward.
It is very convenient for such a shovel with potatoes, other root plates. Drop the bayonet at right angles next to the plant bush. Then we slightly move the cuttings for yourself and again dramatically turn it forward: to the position perpendicular to the earth. Now the left foot press the thrust rack and throw the tubers in the direction of the crocheted row with a small turn of the handle.
Remove lightweight rakes
Extremely needed in the farm and rake. For many centuries, their design has undergone a little change. And modern rakes are essentially the same (according to V. Gal) "Manual Harrow, consists of a ridge, bar in Arshin, with through holes, up to 12, in which the teeth are killed, pegs in the finger, and the ribbon Human growth, stuck in the middle of the ridge. "True, wooden rake will now not see almost anywhere. Instead, usually welded, metal. But me, for example, they are far from always arrange. After all, the options produced by industry are usually heavy. Even with a light jug, they immediately plunge into the ground and can break the surface roots of plants. That is why I prefer to use homemade rakes of almost archaic, wooden design.
Fastening - tubular. It is based on the same painted segment of the water-based pipe of the corresponding size. Preferably, the pipe with an external diameter of 33.5 mm (or 26.8 mm), successfully conjugate with cuttings D \u003d 40 (or d \u003d 30) mm and a length of 1300-1600 mm, which goes into our trading network. In order to avoid unwanted cracking, when it is necessary to provide technological holes in the nodes of possible stresses that threaten the advent of cracks and breakdowns.
It has a special device whose design is so simple that in explanatory drawings and drawings does not need. It represents a plate cut out of the segment of an old saw, with a base of 570 mm, the height of the sidewall 35 mm and converging in the form of an inecese triangle by the central part. The peak of this triangle is 120 mm.
The device is attached to the teeth of robble with the help of a lining screwed on the other side by "lambs" M-6. And it serves to destroy weeds that appear on the beds shortly after the end of Sev. Conducting a weeding, first cut with a weed fixture. And then, removing it from the teeth, they collect with robbles all this "biomass" and loosen the surface layer of the Earth.
Loose will become easier
Ruff the earth in the garden or in the garden is often. And the inventory manufactured for this purpose is often manufactured so that it is necessary to lean something that works. Can you do without it?Of course, you can. An example of this is the two designs of rippers that have been successfully performing additional functions.
The ripper-digger is made of segments of water-gas pipes with an external diameter of 26.8 mm, hingedly bonded with each other. The dimensions of the arcuate pedal, as well as the rotary stand-handle - depending on the characteristics of the figure of the most worker. You can even foresee the execution of the handle-handle sliding. Let's say, from telescopically incoming one to another pipes. The teeth are made of steel stamps according to the dimensions indicated in the figure, and are strengthened in the holes of the crossbar by sprinkling the back of the neck with a diameter of 8 mm. The reference tooth is performed and installed in its place in the same way. But the point is intentionally blinking for the convenience and security of the working.
The method of using a ripper-digger is not much different from working with a rotary shovel having a support rack. By clicking on the arcuate pedal, the gardener tilts the stand-handle on itself: a swallowed crossing with teeth easily turns the next room of the earth.
For the manufacture of the loose-wiretapper, the segments of water-gas pipes are also needed, but there are already a few different sorting. And the working body here is a peculiar boring, made of the canvas of the old two-handed saw. The shape of the head is triangular, the edge down. On the sides, it has small, bent in opposite sides cutting edges with an angle of sharpening 20 degrees (not shown in the illustration). And in the upper part - three appropriately bent wedge-shaped sections. This trio is formed by cuts with subsequent reversals: Central - against, others - clockwise. Side sections in the upper part work as dumps-guides for the sliced \u200b\u200bsoil, and the central serves to reliably fix the head on rivets in the eye, made at the lower end of the rack. Heat head heat treatment to hardness 37 ... 53 HRC.
The Lunk-Popper Ripper has proven himself at the landing of Car Tofel. It is possible to use it for the execution of the hole when landing the colors of the family of bulbous. It should be remembered: the depth of planting depends on the type of plants, but on average, the rules of the "three-time" height of the bulbs are adhered.
Under the depth of the planting implies the thickness of the layer above the bulb, and not the distance from the bottom of the pits or groove to the surface. On severe clay soils, it is reduced to 2-3 cm, and on the lungs, sandy, on the contrary, increase the same 2-3 cm.
"Competitive" scrap
If it is always easy to proceed from the fact that ingenious is always simple, it should be, apparently, to recognize the entire model design of the scrap with a sample of supergamenity. But there are other considerations on this.
The fact is that an ordinary scrap has a rather tangible return, it is especially if the soil is rocky. We will work and, as they say, do not feel your hands. And the release of the "uncomfortable" breakdowns of the industry is still not adjacent to the industry, at least all kinds of designs, self-deplets are offered a lot. Their basis is usually closed with tips tube with a full-fledged lead (one third of the volume of cavity) by a large lead fraction. The latter extinguishes the reflection occurs at the moment of impact. But it makes it partly - due to friction crushers on each other and the inner walls of the scrap case. In addition, the crushes themselves gradually lose their shape, wear out.
In the proposed design of the scrap, the crushers have a diameter of 2-3 mm each and are rich in moistened with machine oil. In addition, the form at the tips optimally corresponds to the loads that occur during operation. And this is important. After all, the impact force here has a greater than that of a regular scrap, the amount.
"Model designer" 8/91
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Good day, dear readers.
Today we will talk about how to make an improved version of the Sovic shovel itself.
The shovel is undoubtedly an integral part of any country plot. The work on the plot for many would be impossible, however, you would agree that and it is not easy to transfer to it suppose, a lot of land: you will get tired and spade something and it wishes to turn over in the brushes, however Improve the structure of shovels and problems will disappear.
The authors of this material took care of it.
To modify, we need:
◘ shovel Soviet.
◘ welding.
◘ riveting.
◘ hook.
◘ Iron rod.
◘ Some time and consumables.
Step one: It is necessary to attach to the end of the meager to handle, as on an ordinary bayonet shovel, and in front of the scoop, strengthen peculiar support.
Step two: Iron rod bend, as shown in the image, and equip a wooden handle. The most convenient size of the device is adjusted by trial and errors.
Step Third: To the blade to attach a hook, screwed into the cuttings. Ready, can use and enjoy your creation.
Thank you for your attention, I hope the article turned out to be useful for you and you will use it in practice.
Probably, even if they want to find a farm in which this garden tool is missing, it is hardly possible to do it. The shovel became an integral attribute of our life, without which it is impossible to perform construction or garden work. With this tool, people have learned to use quite a long time, and since then the shovel has been constantly improved, reaching us in modern form. If the main objective of the labor of our ancestors was known to everyone from the school bench "stick-spell", made by craftsmen from the girlfriend, then modern shovels are manufactured on specialized enterprises from special steel grades. Now models made from alloys with the addition of titanium, which allow such an instrument to work with the solid fittings without breakdowns. Modern products are produced with ergonomic handles that reduce the necessary effort when working.
Depending on the type of work performed, the shovels are divided into several main species:
Choosing a bayonet shovel
The choice of bayonet shovel must be approached very responsibly. The unsuccessful option can not only reduce productivity when working, but also undermine health. Before you go to the store, you need to assess the scale of excavation works and the type of soil on the site.
Depending on the working conditions, you must select the most optimal option. Of course, for different types of work it is better to have various pycle shovels, but here you need to look at the possibility of their acquisition. Optimal size for bayonet shovel
Although, many employees believe that the size of the working part and the shovel cuttings do not have a fundamental importance. However, this is not the case. From the right selection of the size of the bayonet shovel depends on the effort that will be applied to the production of work. Too big working part (blade) shovels will turn the large car of the soil, which has a lot of weight. Having worked for several minutes of such a shovel, the middle set is guaranteed to get tired. On the contrary, too small blade will require more operations to overheat the same area. Special attention is worth paying a cutlery. It must be optimal length. In the vertical position of the stalk, installed on the bayonet shovel should not get to the shoulder of the employee 10 cm. Although, it is quite an average, and there are people who work well with short cuttings. Care of shovelIn order for the shovel to serve a long time and productively, it must be treated carefully. After working, the remnants of the nagwood soil should be considered, and the tool itself is removed into a well-ventilated place. Stored bayonet shovels. The exceptions are models that are equipped with a sealed glass. In this case, to remove moisture from it, so that it does not damage the wood of the stalk and the glass itself, the shovel put the edge up. The fascinated tool must be treated with emery circle, or a grinding stone. If knots or chips appeared on the handle, they are cleaned with the help of sandpaper. With careful operation and storage, the bayonet shovel even the cheapest last long. Bayonet shovel do it yourself
The manufacture of shovels, as a rule, are engaged in specialized enterprises with industrial equipment. At home, the bayonet shovels are not profitable. Usually, homemade "cooulibins" only upgrade the factory option, facilitating its work. One of these projects offered one amateur gardener. According to him, such modernization will significantly save forces in the production of garden work. As a donor, the usual shovel bayonet was taken, dimensions according to GOST, made in factory conditions. The essence of modernization was to shift the point of effort to achieve the best efficiency when working. From the shovel was cut off the toilek with the help of an ordinary grinder. Then, from the pipe was made of a stunned one of the toilet, greater length. The fact is that short fastening is often the cause of the cutting breakdown. Toulinka was welded to the rest of the shovel, but not directly, but is connected by a piece of stripes that forms a step. The stalk was chosen with thickening in the mounting area with the working part. This made it possible to reduce the load on the hands when Copf. Thanks to the stage, the digger's leg can make an effort strictly in the center, which distributes the load on all the edges evenly, increasing the efficiency. In the proposed product version, the cuttings are not on the same axis with the edge, and is 4 cm forward. Such a lever allows you to significantly reduce the effort when turning the soil. The fork handle that grinds the stalk will easily turn the raised soil reservoir. There are homemade shovels with a half-hour. Their form of something resembles a rocking chair. When working with such a shovel, the half-wave acts with nothing but a point of support, thanks to which a person does not need to make considerable effort to lift the soil. However, such models are suitable only for garden work, to dig a trench will be at least inconvenient. Shovel bayonet: photo
Shovel bayonet: video |
Shovel - the most ancient invention of humanity, the design of which continues to be improved and so on. Varieties shovel - many. Thus, only in modern domestic GaTe, three main types of shovel (construction, gardening and loading and unloading) and 17 of their types are given.
Unfortunately, our industry produces only two ... Three types of shovel, so many gardeners are forced to dig gardens not gardening shovels, but by construction, spending more forces on unnecessary deep "squats". But the garden shovels differ from the construction to the smallest - in the first toulica bent from the canvas by 10 °. But as a result, it does not have to eat low. And this is not a trifle, if you imagine that with a peroxide 1 m² of the garden, 50 ... 80 "squats" are required. Now multiply these "squats" on the Metage of your beds. (Let's remind you that Tulika is part of the blade of the shovel in which the cuttings are inserted. - Rest. Ed.)
Improvement of bayonet shovel
I happened to work with different types of shovel of one or another destination, including those implemented on the recommendations of the respected American professor Mittlider. And it came to the conclusion that the main disadvantage of all of these shovel is an excessive effort that has to make "excavator" when the shovels in the soil and when lifting the layer. The fact is that leaving the foot is more profitable in the center of the canvas, but it hinders the cuttings, so part of the effort is wasting.
When lifting the shovel of the layer of the Earth, the hand on the cutlets is at a fairly large distance from the canvas. And because of the big shoulder, the load on the arms increases.
I have a little strength, therefore, as the Russian saying says: "The trouble gives rise to the mind." It is for this reason that appeared bay shove new type (Fig. 1). For my homemade, I purchased a canvas from the shovel of a coal pointed (LKO) and cut off from him to Toulike. To the word to say, the sizes of Tulek shovel produced by our plants are always less than this is provided for by the state norm, apparently, manufacturers to make such shovels are easier, but as a result of consumers, that is, gilders often arise problems with cuttings that break exactly in Toulinki area.
Then it made a toulink longer and welded it to the blade of the shovel using a steel strip of 45x4 mm in size, and the band was cut off. Put a stalk made of young pine. Please note that the stalk insert is inserted into a thickened part. All according to the laws of nature. So all trees grow. Now look at your shovel, after which you will immediately understand that we are selling something wrong. Top consolidated a fork handle.
With the shovel of my shovel in the Earth, the foot is located in the center of the canvas, which facilitates the work and increases the efficiency of the farm. Relieving in the ground, the sharpened part of the strip cares the layer. When lifting the layer of Earth, a working can intercept the cutlets or above the previous point or closer to the canvas, which saves strength (Fig. 2).
And when resetting the layer, the fork handle helps turn the cloth to the side. Such a shovel is convenient not only to dig, but also to cut the weeds. But the main thing, the gardener does not need to bend into three deaths. Such a design solution is also suitable for garden fork, which are often used for peroxide. A new shovel my wife quickly learned to deftly dig up any transplant greens with a big lore land.
Try to make such a shovel and you will be convinced.