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Concrete training under the foundation: For what, the types and order of execution are needed. We make a concret on the foundation of which thickness should be sweeping

In fact, it is very easy to figure out what a sweeping is. Here even the name speaks by itself - this is a layer of thin concrete, which is prepared for a comfortable and economical fill of the main volume of the mixture. In essence, this layer is placed under the main layer of concrete when tilting foundations, for example.

But here is why it is necessary to do this specifically (and whether it is necessary at all) it is worth understanding in detail. In addition, it will be useful to consider how the instructions for installing such a basis.

Photo of the simplest substrate under concrete

Let's start with the most important thing.

Appointment of subsens

Pouring solution on a pre-prepared basis

It is worth noting that the preparatory layer can be made in different ways and materials can be applied. However, the meaning, the appointment of this work remains the same (read also the article "Methods for gluing materials such as polystyrene foam and concrete, in order to create high-quality insulation").

The goal of the work is that it gives in practice the alignment of a draft base. This allows you to reduce the amount of the main mixture when pouring, that is, to save a little. This is due to the fact that the layer of concrete will fall uniformly and no departure of the solution in incomprehensible pits will not be. Preparation of the plane for convenient installation of various design elements. Convenience is that on the flat site you can make a markup much faster, collect the frame from the reinforcement and establish beacons, for example. Agree that it's not so easy to do it on loosen soil with pits and shoots. Creating a waterproofing layer. This refers to the fact that due to the presence of a submersion during the fill with their own hands the main amount of the mixture will not be given moisture from the solution. Accordingly, cracks will not appear on the finished plate or tie, which are usually formed due to the uneven distribution of moisture inside the structure of the working area. Creating groundwater protection. That is, if this layer is done under the foundation of the plate type and groundwater often appear on the bottom of the bottom, then, in this case, the sublimaton requires how to take moisture "on themselves" and prevent its passage further to the main carrier layer of concrete.

An example of slab foundation

In addition, the presence of such a depreciation layer improves the strength characteristics of the entire design as a whole. At a minimum due to the fact that the main layer dries and dials the strength better, better.

Please note that the submersible device implies the use of an inexpensive concrete mixture. As a rule, the "skinny" concrete of B3.5-B7.5 is applied. That is, it turns out that, thanks to the preparation of such a layer, the overall price of the project is reduced, since the considerable amount of general cubic is poured with a less than high cost.

So, for which such work is needed, probably understandable. Now let's figure it out how it is all done.

Methods of dispatch device

Before you begin, it is worth noting that the submersible is, first of all, a very desired measure, but not always mandatory (see the article "The deformation seam in concrete: the need to apply and the features of implementation").

That is, simply speaking, if you have a non-scaped project and a draft base consists of an old screed and no loose soil or uneven relief and in messenger, then such work is simply impossible.

So objectively assess the situation - it's not in vain to spend money where such an additional work will not affect the final quality.

Let's return to the variants of the device of such a layer. As a visual example, take preparations for the fill of the slab foundation.

Installation of the simplest submersible

For work we need this:

  1. Crushed stone.
  2. Tamble fixture. It is easiest to make a tree or metal.

Tamper rubble

  1. Liquid bitumen.
  2. Good and durable Sovic shovels.

You can start.

  1. The required amount of granite rubble is poured into the work area. As a rule, the material is sleeping from the dump truck and in the end it turns out a big pile of rubble.
  2. With the help of a shovel stones are evenly distributed over the entire surface.
  3. Tamble fixture is taken and crushed stone compacted throughout the area.
  4. A bitumen layer is applied to the resulting plane.

Tip: You can save and apply not bitumen, but more or less durable rubberoid or even a film. Of particular good waterproofing in the future, this in any case will not give, but at least these materials will allow you to freely freeze the concrete (without moisture loss).

In general, the easiest option of the submersible is implemented.

Now consider how to make it most correctly.

Capital sub-concrete device

An example of made concrete

So, we have a working area with loose soil and risk of groundwater.

  1. We determine the highest point of groundwater - the submersible will have to do just to this level (well, in any case, it is advisable to do this way).
  2. With the help of a shovel we try to dissolve, plan the soil.
  3. I fall asleep on the bottom of the sand and evenly distribute it on the surface, and then the trambra.
  4. Stool sand with a film or rubberoid.
  5. From thin reinforcement, we make a kind of "cage" with the size of the cells of about 60 by 60 cm.

Stock Foto Frames from fittings

  1. If you wish, we install the guide lines - beacons. It is convenient to stretch the mixture on them to get the most smooth surface as a result.
  2. We stir the cement, sand, crushed stone and water - there must be homogeneous thick mass.
  3. Pour the solution and with the help of the rule distribute it throughout the area.
  4. After the solution is dry, it needs to be processed by bitumen and, in fact, on this device, the sublimaton is completed.

Tip: Almost in every similar design, the holes for communications are made. As a rule, for this, cutting reinforced concrete diamond circles with a grinder or simply drilling using a standard perforator. But it is possible to significantly alleviate and speed up the work, if you "lay down" such holes in advance - in still cheese concrete.

But even if you simply forgotten about such moments, and not only the lining layer, but also the main stove, then it is not worth despair, because you can always use such a service as a diamond drilling of holes in concrete with powerful industrial equipment.

In principle, this is all. Review technology is completed. Let's summarize.

Output

We disassembled in detail the fact that it is a booster and how it is done. Also familiarized themselves in what cases it should be done, and in what no. We hope that all the information provided you will be useful to practice (find out here, how to pour out the steps from concrete).

Well, if you want to learn more, then be sure to check the additional video in this article - in this video there are many interesting and useful!

Why is it necessary to lower on concrete training under the foundation, and what requirements does he put before the builders? What are these norms and rules? These questions arise in the head in many masters, both beginners and experienced.

In this article we will help you to figure out these questions and explain everything.

Stock Foto Pre-concrete base

Preparatory work when building grounds

The preparation of the foundation for the house should include the following steps:

  • conducting preliminary calculations
  • preparation of the foundation site
  • preparation under the foundation.

Here we will stop actually at the last of the listed stages. In principle, the pillow under the base is carried out either from the ramble rubble, or from the skinny concrete and it is easy to perform with their own hands.

Technical requirements are regulated by the thickness of the construction material layer, which must have concrete preparation for the foundation also technology for conducting work. The main standards and requirements for the preparation of the base are contained in Snip 52-01, SP 50-101-2004 and SP 52-101-2003.

The main task of this stage of work is to prepare for the constructions of the foundation. Existing construction rules provide for various types of these works, but the main one is a subsemore.

Appointment of concrete for monolithic structures

  • Protects concrete mass from cement mortar. This contributes to a more rapid achievement of the required base parameters with the overall improvement of its quality.
  • Levels the impact of forces from the ground. Podcast distributes the forces that arise in the ground

Types of preliminary work

Crushed stone with bitumen

This is an unreliable method that has a serious drawback - insufficient substrate rigidity.

The result of this is the impossibility of ensuring maximum convenience of conducting subsequent foundation.

Naturally, to build responsible structures of this species should be avoided. However, for auxiliary, technical or utility buildings, its use is quite acceptable to reduce construction work costs.

Concrete preparation

The device of concrete training under the foundation acquires the relevance for the construction of reinforced belt or slab structures. The main reason is that with such technology construction technologies, it is assumed a rigid installation of steel grids and frames before the fill of the concrete mixture.

Additional reason is related to the fact that on the rigid surface, the construction of the foundation is simplified in principle.

Important. Of particular importance, this method acquires when conducting construction work in the winter, when the soil impairs its properties.

The main abstracts that contain instructions and rules:

  1. The rules allow for sub-concrete to use concrete M50 and higher.
  2. The total thickness of the 10 cm layer is usually enough not only to align the platform, but also in order to form a reliable base for the bounded foundation.
  3. The layer of concrete is laid out on a pillow of sand or rubble.

Sand and crushed stone cushion

Sand preparation under the foundation provides optimal redistribution of the load on the lower part of the base. The actuality of this is due to the fact that the spring and autumn the soil undergoes seasonal changes.

With the help of a sandy pillow, the lower part of the foundation can be raised above the level of groundwater and smooth out the deforming influences of foreign objects and materials due to the obstacle to direct contact.

Council. The sand pillow makes sense to arrange if there is a problematic soil at the bottom of the pit.

In this case, the soil layer is removed and large river sand is falling asleep with a layer of at least 150 mm.

After that, it is recompulted with simple levels and trambed a special tool - rubbing.

Tamping sand pillow

A high-quality sand pillow can be laid when taking into account the level of groundwater and their seasonal change. At a high level, it may take the construction of a drainage layer (which, however, will not be superfluous anyway).

Sand Pillow Placement Scheme

To do this, the trench is digging around the perimeter of the erected structure, which protects against mall and increase the level of groundwater in severe precipitation. This trench must be appropriately hydroizing. Drainage will prevent the flooding of basement.

Instead of sandy, rubberic preparation under the foundation can be used. She is stronger than its rival. The material is the crushed stone fraction of 20/40 mm. Under the layer of rubble at 20-25 cm, a small layer of large sand is poured (10-15 cm).

Crushed stone should be tamped with vibrating plates. After sealing the top layer of the material must be on the zero mark.

Pillow diagram using rubble

Important. The presence of the pillow determines the amount of the distance from the surface of the foundation to the reinforcement, which is called the protective layer.

When using a concrete pillow, this layer can be reduced from the regulatory 7 cm twice as high up to 3.5 cm.

Foundation preparation device

  • Preparation of skinny concrete
    • Rubble preparation
    • Profile membranes
  • Concrete training device for tape foundation
  • Concrete preparation device for monolithic belt foundation
  • Preparation for the Collected Ribbon Fundam
  • Foundation Pillow Device

How is the preparation under the foundation plate? Before the start of work on the construction of the foundation, you need to prepare a construction site. It is necessary that during the fill of the concrete foundation to prevent the cement leakage. Proper construction of the construction site will allow to get a durable base for the house.

Scheme laying the foundation from skinny concrete.

Preparation of skinny concrete

The main goal of the preparation of concrete of the construction site # 8211 to ensure the correct construction process of concrete foundation, eliminate the possibility of soil drawdown, ensure the building the best stability and strength.

Using skinny concrete # 8211 costly option, but nevertheless this method is the most traditional and frequently used. It is a cement solution, which contains no more than 6% cement. The filler is gravel or crushed stone. The solution is poured on the bottom of the thin layer.

Scheme of monolithic foundation with rubbed preparation.

The thickness of concrete training under the foundation depends on the level of groundwater, the type of soil, the weight of the future building. It is recommended to use a layer thickness from 50 to 100 mm. Concretion eliminates the possibility of damage to the frame of reinforcement and reinforcement grids of concrete foundation. If the construction is carried out in winter, it is necessary to add special antiorusive components to concrete. In winter, it is easier to perform a concrete site than a platform from rubble, since before starting work, rubble still needs to warm up.

Under the silent and monolithic structures are arranged by a gravel or rubble base with a thickness of up to 200 mm. Gravel or crushed stone after the coupling poured with skinny concrete. Its thickness should be at least 80 mm. When performing work on dense dry soils, it is possible to use the thickness of the cement layer to 70 mm.

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Rubble preparation

In the production of construction work, the project indicates which of the types of preparation of concrete you need to use. The thickness of the rubber base is up to 200 mm. The concrete site is suitable in the case when a monolithic plate with reinforcement frames is used as a foundation. The crushed stone base is used when it is necessary to fill the base of the base with bitumen before the formation of the film or the full saturation of the soil.

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Profile membranes

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Concrete training device for tape foundation

Ribbon foundation scheme.

Skinning brand 7.5 concrete contains a small concentration of cement. It is used to create concrete training under the foundations of various types. For other works in the construction of civil and industrial buildings, concrete brand M 15 is used. It is more difficult to prepare it. The aggregate in such a mixture is clay.

On 1 m³ of a solution for grade 7.5, the following components are necessary: \u200b\u200b160 kg of cement, 2200 kg of sand, 70 liters of water. On one bag of cement grade 7.5, you need to take the following amounts of materials: 25 kg of cement, 340 kg of sand, 10 liters of water. It is necessary to distribute a certain amount of sand on the site. Then the cement is placed on top. After that, cement and sand are stirred by robbles until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. Then, the required amount of water is evenly poured on top, align the mixture and tamper. The cement is then covered with a polyethylene film in order to protect it from drying out.

Concrete preparation device for monolithic belt foundation

Sequence of work:

  1. Perform the marking of the future construction site under the monolithic belt foundation.
  2. Align the primer on the site.
  3. Grind rubble layer 10 cm.
  4. The vibropilet is touched by a future pillow under the ribbon foundation.
  5. Mounted formwork on the perimeter of markup.
  6. Install formwork.
  7. Concrete is poured to the level of formwork.
  8. Pillow for strength is enhanced by reinforcement. Apply an armature with a cross section of 8 mm.
  9. When pouring, concrete is tamped by vibropilet.

Types of ribbon foundations.

First, the method of breaking the breed into the ground is suitable for sandy or crushed stone base. Then set the formwork for the foundation pillow. The height of the pillow is 30 cm. Install formwork from boards. Two formwork boards having a width of 150 mm will allow pour a pillow with a thickness of 30 cm. Then the rubble base is poured with hot bitumen. After that, reinforcement. Reinforcement grids are fixed in accordance with the project. The lower grid is installed at an altitude of 70 mm on the base. Then the pillow concrete. After the concrete is frozen, the formwork is removed and the side surfaces are isolated by mastic.

The platform on which the cement base is mounted may have dimensions exceeding the foundation size by 10 cm on each side. Recommended after the fill to install vertically reinforcement rods into the solution. They will bind a pillow with a foundation. The reinforcement should perform above the surface of the mixture by 30 cm. Currently, the most reliable is a cement base. It is recommended for all types of concrete foundations in the construction of buildings.

Concrete base for monolithic ribbon foundation can be reinforced by reinforcement. Sometimes they are idle without fittings. In the construction of buildings both of these foundations are equivalent. The difference is that the airbag is limited in its sizes. The minimum thickness of the concrete layer is about 15 cm. The reinforcement grid is used as a reinforcing element. The grid is placed on the bottom of the pit so that it is located at a distance of 5 cm.

In this case, the reinforcement grid will be placed in the best possible way. It can be made of 8 mm rods. They are associated with a wire. The grid can be made using welding. The reinforcement grid strengthens the lower part of the concrete pillow. Stretching force affects the pillow. They arise from the weight of the building itself and other loads.

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Preparation for the Collected Ribbon Fundam

Foundation reinforcement scheme.

Installation of such a design allows long interruptions in operation. When the ribbon foundation is mounted, it is impossible. Under the national ribbon foundation use concrete blocks of factory manufacture or homemade.

For blocks from aerated concrete and foam concrete, a concrete base on the sand is arranged. At the same time, the layer of sand is 10 cm. It is moisturized and tamped. From above, the formwork is installed on the level of the concrete layer. Then the cement mortar is poured. For buildings foundations, the most preferably concrete base than the rammed sandy preparation.

Foundation Pillow Device

Concrete preparation: Floor screed device and sublimaton for foundation

Concrete preparation is essentially a layer of skinny concrete. Which is arranged under any cement-sand mixture or from the same concrete.

Now about technology more.

In addition, the device of concrete training according to YNIR makes it more economical, faster and high quality carry out all draft and marking work before the main fill. After all, you will agree that the guides of lighthouses are easier to install on the same screed on a flat and solid plane than on loose embossed soil. Yes, and the scale to pour in such conditions is easier.

Please note that the feet for floors is not done in the case when the screed is poured onto the slab of the overlap or other similar surface. In such cases, it turns out that the working plane is so firm and smooth.

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Sidebreaker or crushed stone under the ribbon foundation

If the reliability and durability of the building and the structure depends on the quality of the foundation, the quality of the foundation itself depends on the competent preparatory work. The choice of the type of preparation depends on the characteristics of the territory of the development and materials underground part of the structure.

There is sandy, gravel or concrete preparation. As for light frame houses and heavy monolithic structures and houses from the stone, it is necessary to prepare a base for a ribbon foundation.

Concrete preparation is more expensive than a rubbed pillow, but more practical. Thickness of preparation from rubble 20 cm, from skinny concrete 10 cm.

Advantages of sub-preparation

The layer of skinny concrete is 10 cm will be able to align all the irregularities that are allowed during the execution of earthworks. The use of this technology makes it easy and convenient to mount reinforcement frames, according to the project provisions. Also, the base of the skinny concrete will exclude a metal contact with the soil, and, consequently, its corrosion.

The sweep makes it easier for the markup of the axes, the binding of walls and other structures. In fact, this layer serves as an additional waterproofing, which, when building the foundation and frozen concrete, does not give a "cement milk" to pour into the ground. As a result, the actual material brand does not decrease, and the process is used in the process, which is scheduled in the project. This technology can be used, practically, on any construction sites. Apartment arrangement during the hardening of the foundation causes moisture retention, which makes the process as correct as possible.

The cushion from rubble can be chosen if the ground at the bottom of the pit is carefully tumped, and the groundwater level is below the level of preparatory work. But in this case it is better to equip additional waterproofing. You will also have to try with the reinforcement so that it takes an adequate project.

The technology is governed by three standards: SNIP2.02.01-83, SNIP13330.2012 and SNIP50-101-2004. These documents are prescribed to carry out the design and calculations in accordance: with the type of soil, with the characteristics of the environment, taking into account the real loads, taking into account the class of seismicity of the district and the environmental requirements of local authorities.

How is concrete preparation

We are tightly thoroughly soil in trench or pitchel and equal

It is necessary to immediately say that the sweeping is not a mandatory element of the design. If your object is not scaled, the ground on the plot is dense, the relief is even, and the draft base provides for a tight steel screed, performing work is not economical and not practical, since additional efforts will not affect the result.

Align the bottom of the trench with a crushed small fraction and tamper

If concrete preparation is advisable, then its arrangement should be started with the growing trench and the tamper of its bottom. Its depth develops their thickness of pillows and sweatsel thickness. At the bottom of the trench, the calculated amount of sand and stone, which are also tamped. Next is a layer of waterproofing. It can be bitumen, rubberoid or film. Concrete preparation under the monolithic tape should be beyond the underground structures by 10 or 15 cm. Taking into account these values, a sand-chicken pillow should be formed.

Pour the M100 brand concrete into the formwork, align

It is important in the first days of setting the concrete to water water, with a sprayer (not a jet). After two, three days, the formwork is removed and can be applied to waterproofing and set the reinforcement frame under the ribbon foundation.

How to poured concrete Do not forget to water it with water, otherwise the concrete does not mature, but dried

Formation of formwork and reinforcement frame

In order for the foundation to work in the form of a "inverted letter T" reinforcement. At this stage, it is necessary to set a formwork. For concrete preparation, it is enough to use the boards of 150x40, which stakes are fixed in a horizontal position. Then the reinforcement is laid out on the bottom of the design, according to the project. Upon completion of the work, the mixing of a skinny cement mortar begins, where the content of the cement itself is not large. The fillers use crushed stone and sand. The finished material is poured into the formwork. It also needs to be tamped to drive out air with a vibrator.

The top layer of sweeping should be aligned, and cover with a film that will prevent intense surface drying. Depending on the density of the soil, the thickness of concrete training may vary from 6 to 10 cm. Construction standards are recommended to prevent the structure of the structure more than 5 mm per 1 meter of the tape basement. If you want to achieve a reliable linkage of sublimaton with a foundation, it is advisable to install vertical metal rods so that they rise above the surface from 20 to 30 cm.

In almost every construction project, a passage is supposed to pass through such designs. They can be made at the next stage of the construction of an object with the help of a grinder or drilling. But rational "lay down" such holes during the arrangement of concrete training - in the raw solution. This will save time and cash.

The main functionality of concrete training:

  • protection against concrete mortar leaks, which speeds up the achievement of the necessary foundation characteristics;
  • the forces arising in the ground are redistributed through the sublimaton, it levels their action;
  • optimization of the reinforcement process;
  • concrete preparation allows for construction work in the winter season;
  • the aligned surface simplifies work and makes them more accurate.

To mix the skinny solution, it is possible to use concrete to the M50 brand. Preferably, this technology is used to build tape and slab foundations. The exact width and thickness of the sublimaton must be calculated in accordance with the alleged deformations and the bearing capacity.

It is not always necessary to choose a sublimaton as a base for the foundation. But this technology allows us to build reliable and durable bases even in problem areas of development. Works should be guided by building standards. So as a result you will get a house that will delight you and your descendants.

What is needed concrete preparation for future foundation?

Before building a foundation, except for preliminary calculations, you need to prepare a construction site. The so-called concrete preparation under the foundation is needed first. It lies in the construction of the pillow under the base.

There are a number of technical requirements regulating the technology of preparing preparatory work, the choice of material and the thickness of the layer used for the pillow. The list of basic norms and requirements of pre-submarket preparation is set forth in SNiP 52-01, SP 52-101 / 2003 and SP 50-101 / 2004. They are on the topic that interests us contains a lot of information. Basically, the role of foundation preparation comes down to the following.

Basic functions of sweets

If the base is planned to fill in place, and not to build from finished blocks, the preparation for the foundation will help:

  • Protect the concrete mass from leaks of liquid cement mortar. This will speed up a set of the foundation of the desired volume and the overall improvement of its qualitative indicators.
  • Level strengths arising under the pressure of the soil. Concrete preparation redistributes forces arising in the ground and weakens their negative impact on the foundation.
  • Provide comfortable conditions for the preparation of the reinforcement frame of the base, which can be mounted on a flat surface.

Types of preliminary work

According to SNIP 52-01 for concrete training under the foundation, a crushed stone is used as the main material (in it a small binding substance, respectively, a low brand - from M50) or profile membranes.

Crushed stone with bitumen

Preparations of rubble are used to reduce the total cost of the foundation and reduce cement consumption. The thickness of the rubble layer must be from 20 cm. After a thorough seal, the crushed stone is poured by bitumen. Switching preparations are used in cases where it is necessary to pour a bitumen the base of the pit to the maximum saturation of the soil or the formation of a bitumen film.

The use of crumbling preparation of the foundation cannot provide sufficient substrate rigidity. In addition, it is not entirely convenient to build a base on the substrate from rubble. Therefore, it is used in the construction of auxiliary subsidiary and technical buildings to maximize costs.

Concrete preparation

It is needed to ensure the right process of building a concrete foundation and exclusion of soil studs. Skinny concrete is not a cheapest option, however, it is used quite often. In such a concrete, no more than 6% cement, the rest of crushed stone and gravel. The thickness of the concrete preparation layer must correspond to 50 - 100 mm. It depends on the weight of the future building, the level of groundwater and the type of soil.

Concrete training under the foundation is used primarily in the construction of slab and tape reinforced structures. This is due to the peculiarities of the technological process, which provides for a hard installation of frames and steel grids into the body of the future foundation before its fill with a concrete mixture. In addition, on concrete to build the foundation much easier, especially in the winter.

Profile membranes

A modern way to prepare a foundation that can replace rubble and concrete training. When they are styling, "wet" types of work are excluded, the funds will save, and the construction process is accelerated.

How to equip concrete training

Work should be done in the following sequence:

  • First, under the structure of the foundation it is necessary to make the markup of the construction site.
  • The plot needs to be aligned and filled with a rubble layer of 10 cm.
  • With the help of vibrating plastic pillow.
  • Place the perimeter and mount a formwork with a height of no more than 30 cm. It will depend on the thickness of the concrete layer.
  • Under the top edge of the formwork, it is necessary to pour a concrete mixture.
  • With the help of reinforcement, the pillow is enhanced using a rod with a cross section of at least 8 cm.
  • Concrete must be tamped using vibrating plates.
  • After pouring the site by concrete solution, it is necessary to install the rods of the reinforcement, whose task is to bore the foundation with the pillow. Speed \u200b\u200bover concrete they should approximately 20-30 cm.

On each side of the perimeter, it is necessary to retreat beyond the limits of the foundation plate by 10-15 cm, thereby increasing the size of the site of concrete training. For the base made by the Concrete Fill method there are no restrictions on the application. It is considered so reliable that his reinforcement is not necessary. In practice, both options have proven themselves from the most positive side. The only difference is not a reinforced concrete pillow has limited sizes.

Construction requirements provide for the minimum height of the concrete layer, which should rise above the surface of the soil at least than 15 cm. This allows you to optimally place the grid for reinforcement. The grid is needed to strengthen the lower part of the concrete pillow, which is experiencing the strength of the stretch. They are transmitted from the foundation experiencing the weight load of the entire structure.

To understand why concrete preparation is needed under the foundation, you must carefully examine the current regulatory documents. They say that any option of concrete preparation is better than its absence. It will provide the building with the best strength and stability, helping the foundation for a long time to maintain the entire design in the normal state.

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By building, it is important to correctly perform preliminary calculations, as well as technically competently, qualitatively prepare the basis that determines the stability of the foundation of the building. Concrete preparation for the foundation is a set of works on the construction of a pillow under the future object.

The choice of the optimal embodiment of preparatory activities affects the reliability of the foundation, the life of the construction object. Properly prepared base is proportional to the area, redistributes the load-acting load, prevents the cement mass leakage, which is possible in the process of filling the concrete solution.

The formation of the pillow is a responsible operation. That is why the technical requirements that determine the features of the implementation of preparatory activities, the technology, the required material, the thickness of the layer used for the pillow, are regulated by SNiP and the set of rules whose recommendations will then consider in more detail.

There are a number of technical requirements regulating the technology of conducting preparatory work, the choice of material and the thickness of the layer used for the pillow

The requirements of which regulatory documents and rules must be conformized by the Concrete training device under the foundation?

In the implementation of industrial and civil construction, the construction of any types of structures is subject to the special provisions given in industry and state standards, construction norms and rules, as well as crops. The main documentation regulating the specifics of the work is:

  • SNIP 52-01, issued in 2003, are devoted to constructions from concrete and reinforced concrete;
  • SP 50-101, approved in 2004, containing the requirements for the design and maintenance of base foundations;
  • SP 52-101 (2003) dedicated to structures without pre-hard fittings;
  • SNiP 2.02.01, developed in 1983, regulating the parameters of the foundations of construction objects;
  • SP 63.13330.2012 - A set of rules that combines requirements for construction facilities.

These standards clearly define the features of measures related to the foundation devices, their design. They take into account:

  • Features of the soil in the construction site.
  • The specifics of the construction object.
  • Ecology requirements.
  • Existing efforts.
  • The degree of seismic activity.

Requirements for regulatory documents are subject to strict implementation by construction companies and organizations carrying out project work.

The device of any designs in the construction of civil and industrial facilities is subject to certain requirements.

Requirements for building standards and arrangements of rules provide that it is necessary to carry out one of the specified types of preparation. We list the options:

  • the basis of skinny concrete characterized by a low brand, a small percentage of binding ingredients;
  • ground preparation for a base, 200 mm thick, providing a significant decrease in cement consumption. Crushed stone is compacted, poured with a bitumen solution;
  • profile membrane base that combines the features of the above types of work.

Increased strength provides the first option, after which it is more convenient to carry out further work on the establishment of the foundation. Let us dwell on it in detail.

The device for concrete training under the foundation provides the desired state of the base with the necessary bearing capacity sufficient to perceive the accompanying effort. That is why building rates pay higher attention to it. What is the main purpose of sublimaton, which is the base of monolithic structures? What tasks does she perform?

Concrete training under the foundation is used primarily in the construction of slab and tape reinforced designs.

  • Ensuring the protection of a flooded solution from leakage, which contributes to the rapid solidification of the foundation in accordance with the requirements of technology, improving its quality. The lack of moisture is the cause of the cracking of the array, reducing the strength of the base and the subsequent destruction over time.
  • Creating a flat surface that allows you to geometrically correctly, to steadily install the base frame and perform reinforcement in accordance with the requirements of SNiP.
  • Alignment of the soil reaction to the base of the sole, the uniform allocation of effort throughout the area.
  • Preventing a possible soil shrinkage under the influence of point effort and significant loads.

The preparatory stage, according to the rules, provides for the following steps:

  • settlement part, which determines the thickness and dimensions of the foundation base, its ability to withstand deformities;
  • arrangement of the work zone;
  • formation site.

According to SNiP 52-01 for concrete training under the foundation, crushed stone is used as the main material

Construction Rules require the calculation of efforts that can perceive the grounds in the following cases:

  • If there are serious compressive efforts.
  • When the construction object is located near the embankments, slopes or slopes.
  • With the arrangement of the sole of the foundation located on weak soils.

Standards are allowed not to perform the calculations of bearing loads, if, according to the project, measures will be performed that do not allow soil displacement.

As forces acting on the basis, the set of rules takes into account all transmitted loads acting as briefly and throughout the entire period of operation. There is also a mass of the zero mark of the object of the object below.

The main stages of work on the preparation of the soil to install a concrete foundation foundation include:

  • the arrangement and marking of the pit, taking into account the future thickness of the layer of sandy-gravel mixture and concrete;
  • layout and climbing bottom bottom;
  • sealing of loose soil using vibratory slabs;

Regardless of the type of soil, at the first stage of work on the implementation of the preparation of the skinny concrete under the foundation should be aligned with the bottom of the recess

  • additional moisturizing or drying of the soil depending on the results of work on the seal;
  • subsight of the sand-chicken fraction with a thickness of 10 cm required for drainage;
  • running massif;
  • application of the waterproofing layer from the film or roofing plates;
  • collection of formwork height not more than 30 cm for concreting.

Only after that begin to perform concrete work. These are the main stages stipulated by the standards, of which concrete preparation under the foundation.

According to the construction standards, concrete preparation under the foundation provides for the need to enhance the concrete array with steel reinforcement. This event improves the reliability below the zero mark of part of the construction, strengthens the sweet.

Strengthening the base is carried out by steel grids associated with a special wire with a diameter of 8 millimeters. The design is laid on the base before filling the formwork with a mixture. Standards provide for the installation of vertically arranged steel rods, providing a solid connection of the foundation with the basis. Steel rods must rise above the base surface at least 20 centimeters.

Reinforcement significantly strengthens the sublimaton and increases the reliability of the underground part of the structure

The main provisions contained in the construction norms and the arrangement of the rules associated with the implementation of the cushion on the basis of a skinny concrete:

  • It is allowed to use the solution of the M50 and higher solution. To perform work, a skinny concrete is used, which is a kind of cement mortar, which contains no more than 6% of the Class B15 cement. The role of the filler is played by sand and gravel.
  • The flooded array for the plates of the foundation or the monolithic base should go beyond the level of the underground part of the structure and rise above it by 100-150 mm, which is ensured by the design of the prepared formwork.
  • The solution is poured on a previously made crushed stone-sand base.
  • Removing air bubbles is carried out by racing the mixture.
  • Surface dehydration protection is provided by a polyethylene film, which in the first days is covered with a flooded surface.

Is it possible to perform a sweeping without reinforcement? What construction standards recommended by the thickness of a subammed force made without amplification? Construction rules admit this option for which the thickness of the layer of the concrete massif is 150-200 mm.

With the arrangement of the reinforced base under the foundation, the set of rules permits the reduced height of the base. The layer thickness in this case is 60-100 mm. The size of the structure is affected by the size of the groundwater, the type of soil.

Construction requirements provide for the minimum height of the concrete layer, which should rise above the surface of the soil at least than 15 cm

According to SNiP, the tolerance of the surface flatness during the formation of a monolithic tape does not exceed 0.5 cm for each meter of length and no more than 5 centimeters for one-piece plates having a width of over 25 meters.

Concrete preparation for the foundation is particularly relevant if construction measures are carried out in winter, since the smooth surface facilitates the further implementation of the fundamental work provided by the project.

Using prepared bases based on rubble allows you to reduce the costs of building events. After all, cement is saved, and the volume of expenses for the purchase of rubble is quite acceptable. Ground preparation under the base is allowed by the Code of Rules and Construction Conductions. In this case, the thickness of the layer must be about 20 centimeters. The crushed stone layer must be carefully tumped, flooded with liquid bitumen. The fill of the bitumen solution is performed if it is necessary to satisfy the soil as much as possible or form a waterproof bitumen film. The specified method does not provide high substrate rigidity, it makes it difficult to perform the foundation events. It is widespread for the inappropriate construction of technical facilities, utility premises and auxiliary buildings.

Collections of construction standards and rules in preparing the grounds provide for the use of modern technological solutions to which the profile membranes belong. Their use simplifies the process of forming the basis, as the types of work related to concreting are excluded. The lack of "wet" stages of work ensures resource savings, simplifies the installation process of the foundation. The result is a reduction in the time of preparatory activities.

Carefully examining the compilations with existing construction norms and the rules, builders and designers will receive a complete idea of \u200b\u200bthe requirements for the preparation of the foundation. After the preparatory work is fulfilled in compliance with the recommendations of regulatory documents, the construction object will be distinguished by strength, increased resistance and will be able to operate for a long time. After all, a concrete pillow is an optimal solution for ensuring the reliability of the structure!

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The soils have an inhomogeneous structure. Large loads, they can shrink, lie and destroy. In order to evenly distribute the pressure from the construction, to reduce the sediment at home and prevent further shrinkage deformations, the foundations are arranged various types of preparations - sand, rubbed, gravel or concrete.

With weak soils - peatlands, sapropels, overwhelmed clays or or or orst soils - this is not enough. In this case, the base is erected according to concrete training under the foundation.

Why do we need a sweet, in what cases it is satisfied with concrete, and when can you do the cheaper option - sandy or rubbed preparation?

Functions of sweets

Concrete preparation for the foundation is a layer of skinny concrete between the rubble or gravel plug and the material of the main design. Its thickness is within 10 cm.

The main function of the sublimaton is to ensure reliable support of the foundation of the building:

  • with weak soils;
  • near slopes, embankments and slopes;
  • with a high compressive load from the structure;
  • in seismic regions.

In these cases, the size of the sublimatons on standards is carried out - SNiP 2.02.01-83, the construction rules of 50.101.2004, 63.13330.2012. These include the basic principles of the selection of concrete, the device of the preparatory layer, the installation of the reinforcement framework, the production of work.

Additional functions of concrete training are:

  • in the convenience of installing prefabricated designs on the aligned surface;
  • in the accuracy of the installation of reinforcement frames with a monolith device, since they are much more difficult to set horizontally on the cushion from the rubble;
  • in the creation of an additional protective layer from the soil moisture that destroys the main designs;
  • in the economy of the spectacle spending of a high brand when it laying it on an aligned dense base from an inexpensive material;
  • in the obstacle to the flow of cement milk from the freshlylated solution of the basic design of the foundation, the hydration of the binder grains passes fully, the brand of concrete is not lost.

Preparation from concrete It is advisable to arrange under massive and large-scale structures. Light framework or small buildings on a flat relief and dense soils are elevated by a sealing basis - sand-chicken bench. Its appointment is to protect against freezing, the removal of soil moisture, preventing the powder of the soil.

Preparation varieties

The most common types of preparation are:

  • sandy;
  • gravel or rubble;
  • concrete;
  • membrane.

Sand and rubbed preparation

At the first stage, after earthworks, it is satisfied with the inert materials with the subsequent sealing of the traamies. The thickness of a sand, rubbed or gravel pillow is 20-60 cm. At a high level of groundwater, geotextiles spread over the bottom of the bottom of the kittle.

First lay large fractions, then medium. They provide the drainage of the basics. The top layer is sleeping with sand. Such a distribution of materials in size gives a pillow under the ribbon or slab foundation greater rigidity and strength. Using sand preparation is necessary for uniform transmission of vertical loads to the following layers.

Requirements are presented to the small aggregator:

  • use sand with grain size of 2-2.5 mm, which is most suitable for dumping pillows - a gravel crushed with low specific weight and high water pipeline;
  • the number of clay particles, lime and salt pollution should be minimal;
  • the organic residues lead to the rapid loss of water permeability and the casing of the sandy layer, so their presence is not allowed.

The foundation under the foundation is made of gravel, granite or lime rubble with the average strength of the M800 and the size of the fractions of 20-70 mm. Mandatory layer-by-layer seal with vibrating or manual traamies every 50 mm. Sand is pre-shed with water.

Concrete preparation

Pillow under the stove or foundation blocks are performed in two ways. The first is the fill with a liquid bitumen of the rubble layer, the second is the device of sublimaton from concrete low brands M50-M100 layer to 10 cm.

The concrete pillow under the foundation is manufactured:

  • pouring into a trench or bottom of a pit without formwork;
  • installation of formwork along the perimeter of the site and the subsequent separation of the submersible;
  • the form for the foundation first put the skinny, then concrete of the project brand.

The solution is aligned by lighthouses or rules, seal with a vibrator. From above, the sweeping is waterproof by bitumen, rolled materials, waterproof films.

Preparation with geomembrane

Polymer membranes appeared in the construction market recently. Fiber is used to protect the base of the building from the soil moisture, i.e. as waterproofing. It is fundamentally new that the profile in the form of spikes simultaneously serves to strengthen the soils. Manufacturers claim that, thanks to the use of geomembrane, the number of shrinking cracks decreases, the effort is redistributed when the base is transmitted. The shape of the section prevents water from entering, and emptiness between insulation and concrete is ventilated.

The laying of the fiber is carried out on sand-chicken preparation, pre-spread the geotextile layer. Membrane seams are combined with welding. The material is durable and durable, withstands high and low temperatures.

Sequence of work

Work on the device for concrete under the foundation from skinny concrete is carried out according to the scheme:

  1. Align the bottom of the pit or trench.
  2. Sweep a large and medium crushed stone, align, trambet. The height of the layer is 10-15 cm.
  3. The next step is a subflink under the foundation from the sand fraction 2-2.5 mm, moisturizing, tamping.
  4. Install formwork under the pillow under the ribbon foundation.
  5. Mount the reinforcement grid and vertical issues for the connection of the foundation with the preparation of the base.
  6. For pouring pillows use concrete M100 on portland cement of the brand not lower than M50. The height of the layer is 10 cm.
  7. Align the surface, trambed vibrators for the release of air from the thickness of the solution.
  8. After 3-7 days, formwork shields are removed.

Before assessing the foundation, it is necessary to make waterproofing the pillows using loose or rolled protective materials. According to SNIP, the permissible deviations horizontally should not exceed 5 mm when checking the two-meter level, and along the entire length of the section - 20 mm.

Conclusion

Preparation under the foundation is an integral part of the general construction. Construction standards are prescribed, in what cases it is necessary to determine the thickness, width, reinforcement of the concrete pillow under the foundation by calculation. With weak soils, high load, complex relief, in seismic zones it is necessary. In all other cases, the sub-concrete is carried out standard and has a thickness of no more than 10 cm.

Before the construction of the foundation, in addition to preliminary calculations, it is necessary to prepare a construction site in a special way. In particular, the important point is the laying of the pillow. The so-called concrete preparation for the foundation for SNOP50-101-2004 is performed using rubble or skinny concrete.

What is the preparation for the foundation

First of all, it is necessary to understand, why do you need training?

If we are talking about the pouring of concrete, and not the construction of the design from the finished blocks, it allows you to solve several tasks at once at the same time:

  • Protects the concrete mass from leakage of fluid, due to which the indicators of the quality of the base are improved.
  • Counteracts the pressure of the soil and weakens its negative impact on the design.
  • Provides convenience when installing the reinforcement frame with their own hands, as the procedure is performed on a flat surface.

Types of preparation

As mentioned above, several options for arranging the site are allowed under the foundation - using:

  • Rubble;
  • Skinny concrete;
  • Profile membrane.

Now consider the features of each option.

Pillow of rubble

This type of site arrangement is used to save money, since the price of rubble is low in itself, besides, it reduces cement consumption. The thickness of the layer of the pillow must be at least 20 cm.

This pillow is stacked in the following order:

  • First of all, on the bottom of the trench or pit (if concrete preparation under the foundation slab is performed), crushed stone or gravel is falling asleep.
  • Then the layer is thoroughly tamped.
  • After that, the crushed stone is poured by bitumen.

The disadvantages of such technology include insufficient substrate rigidity. In addition, building the foundation on the crushed it is not very convenient. Therefore, such a pillow is used, as a rule, during the construction of technical and auxiliary utility buildings.

In the photo - Concrete Pillow

Concrete

This embodiment of the substrate ensures the most correct construction process. In addition, it excludes the possibility of soil drawdown.

It should be noted that the skinny concrete is far from the cheapest option, but it is used quite often. A feature of the skinny solution is that it contains no more than 6 percent of cement, the rest is sand, gravel and crushed stone.

The substrate thickness is 50-100 mm. This indicator depends on the weight of the future structure, the type of soil and the level of groundwater.

Tip!
When erecting a pillow of rubble, it is better to use the material of small and medium fractions.

Most often, the concrete pillow is used in the construction of tape and slab reinforced designs. This is due to the peculiarities of the technological process providing for the hard installation of grids and frames into the body of the future base.

In addition, to carry out construction on concrete is much easier, especially in the winter season.

Profile membranes

This technology is a modern preparation for the foundation, which is an alternative. Its feature is the lack of wet works. In addition, this method allows you to speed up the building process and save money.

The procedure for performing concrete training

Now consider in detail how concrete preparation is performed using skinny concrete.

So, the instruction looks like this:

  • First of all, you need to mark the construction site in accordance with the design data.
  • After that, testers are digging at the calculated depth. If a monolithic plate is used as a foundation, the pit should be digging.
  • Then the site allotted under the foundation should be aligned and flooded with a layer of rubble with a thickness of about 10 cm.
  • The crushed stone layer should be tamped. To do this, you can use vibrating plates.
  • The next step is to mount formwork height. Its height depends on the thickness of the concrete layer, but must be at least 15 cm, as this will allow you to successfully place reinforcement, and not more than 30 cm.
  • Next, the pillow must be enhanced by reinforcement using a rod with a cross section of at least 8 mm. You can also apply the grid for these purposes.
  • After that, you need to perform a concrete solution. As a binder, the cement M50 brand is used.

  • Then the formwork must be pouring concrete under the top edge. Concrete should be tamped.
  • Next, it is necessary to insert into a solution of the rod of reinforcement, which will be able to bind the foundation with the pillow. They must rise over concrete about 20-30 centimeters.

This is completed on this process of preparing the pillow. It remains to wait until concrete finally freeze and then you can begin the construction of the foundation.

Tip!
After the base is built, it may need its mechanical processing - alignment, the execution of holes in it, etc. Suite operations are carried out with a diamond tool, for example, a diamond drilling of holes in concrete or cutting of reinforced concrete diamond circles is performed.

Output

From the video in this article you can get more information on this topic.

    If you are not in the swamp, it is simply waterproofing in the sand and will be glad. Used for waterproofing the usual PE film .. The removed on the sand pillow. Even taking into account the numerous holes in the film (the reinforcement was cooked and did not knit) in tehgorodol, dry lies. A neighbor near the tape - lags in the underground raw.

    USA, 02/09/11

  1. amarrak said (a):

    If the waterproofing is placed onto the subheading, then it is not necessary to close it with another layer of concrete. Nothing is wrong, if you use the usual locking layer clamps. This is from experience.

    In this case, it is better to use clamps for a bulk base. . 09.02.11

    Hello!
    What to say?
    People have porridge in the head. Why do everyone think that without finding in the profile institute, you can "from the experience" something advise?
    I will start with a small one: the submersible is the internal name of the sch, usually, usually, engineers or that specials, the siffular at least once read SNiP, was the estimate (not com-Yu), was the acts of hidden work, calls it: concrete preparation.
    It was necessary for it initially, even in the "those times" for some amplification of the sandy, leveling soil, properly said, fighting the leakage of the city. Mochochka in the sand, for the convenience of mounting the reinforcement, etc., in the "those times" the films were not, isola - Restricted, concrete is not a pity, and even a lot of things have been laid for compensation for small salaries.
    So, decide on my own native (customer): evaporation to count, coefficient or something else? It's time to do the case. Decide with the soil on your site, try the small diameter of the brown of ten wells, in the corners, at the joints of the future walls, in the fields of the axes of the axes to the depth of ~ 1.4m, when the soil is notched, we will see the composition of the soil, its humidity, depth (if Do not give God to get) groundwater, drink or hide someone thread, for myself, your beloved, about soils in the internet all the descriptions are, well, it's warming, even PE, at least a hydroism, although geotextiles, dancing from soil, and so yes, I agree , unwinding custody, sand pillow or aligning sandy layer, Beth. Preparation, waterproofing, screed, etc., UV, sorry

    , 11.02.11

  2. Here is the correct economy scheme from the engineer of PGS, i.e. me:
    - Hollow the vegetable layer of 300mm (as a rule-pin shovels);
    -digine geotextile with overlap 10-15cm in joints
    -ded base from washstand with seal 200mm;
    - Solden base (FR. 5-20 or 20-40 mm) 100mm;
    -dogging of rubberoid with overlap 10-15cm (obscure overwreets with waterproofing mastic);
    -Montamination formwork from a 40mm thick board (not 25mm);
    -Arting plate d \u003d 12mm 200kh200mm in 2 tiers by knitting rods while preserving the protective layer 30-50mm;
    -Bettonization of commodity (factory) concrete brand is not lower than M300, which corresponds to the class B22.5 using a submersible vibrator, the thickness of the plate is not made more than 200mm, and better from 250mm;
    If there is a desire to raise the slab above the thickness of the sandy base.

    I have been studying the foundations for 5 years, I consider it optimal

    #10 , 11.02.11

  3. PRORAB82 said (a):

    It is perfectly compacted and is described and at normal vibrotambovka is easily leveled.

    And then make a cut "cake", you can distinguish where the sand where the crushed stone?! In this case, "Nafiga Harmonica" is asked, what do we achieve using crushed stone?

    Viktor Petrovich said (a):

    Approach is needed for further laying of Armokarkas

    If, by and large, the Armokarkas is prohibited or impossible to put on the ground? Before doing what \u003d then the television should be thought. The sub-concrete is done for more detailed work on the object, to ensure more reliable waterproofing and to reliably fix the bottom of the formwork. Who wants to save can not do it by adding a hassle at the same time. #21 , 13.02.11

    Dear colleagues!
    I read the topic and understand that many simply do not understand the meaning of waterproofing ... which everyone is so strongly recommended to stick, smear, etc. Comrades we are not in the Soviet Union ... Nowadays, the need for sticking and coating of any materials completely disappeared ... Only if it is not a special object with specific requirements for the expathereal of the waterproofing layer!

    Now there are a number of events to avoid the process of sticking, deceiving, spraying waterproofing to the surface of concrete to protect it from the effects of an aggressive environment (as a result of corrosion and destruction of concrete and reinforcement and decline in the construction of the structure), these are additives in the concrete boosting a stamp on waterproof and gives such properties as resistance to aggressive media, an increase in frost resistance, etc.

    That is, I think that it is possible after conducting measures to seal the soil to lay PE film (to eliminate the leakage of cement milk into the ground, as a result, a decrease in concrete indicators) and pour concrete with additive, we have a concrete waterproof, resistant to aggressive environments ... That waterproofing which does not break and does not rot.

    Conclusion: to make a "concrete" for the convenience of applying waterproofing the foundation plate is not advisable both in the economic plan and in functional.

    #33 , 21.06.11

  4. In short, I understood the one. The attitude is not needed at all, like a crushed stone. Especially subsemore. This is just thrown out of money on the wind! Here, no one was clearly unable to explain her destination! It is best to dull 30 cm potted. Theatest geotextiles. Category 20cm Purplus sand with a wet tamping and from above 10 cm of fine gravel fraction to 0.5 (dropout). The cheapest regteroid and everything! To tie the reinforcement and pour the slab itself. Tello-insulation (2 windows) is needed between the foundation and the outer wall. And under the stove, why? And the cheapest regteroid (only 80 dollars per home 11x11) will serve only to prevent the leakage of cement milk. As for the reasoning, that the slab is better pouring into the sand than the gravel it seems to me this delusion. First of all, gravel is a drainage and he does not pull moisture unlike the sand, which means the stove itself will always stand on dry soil! So on gravel pouring correctly. In principle on the first page
    Regarding the Tefond, as one of the developers here sent a photo, then my personally, my opinion. Configuously it is beautiful. How much is it there? It is better at the price of a mefond at least 4 dollars a square meter and notice it the cheapest instead to put 30mm EPSS. The money is the same, but will be a sense of ten times more, if not in a hundred. There is such money that the cement milk in the ground did not leave, there is nothing to do there. But this is my opinion.

    #51 , 31.12.11

  5. Based on the personal experience of receiving concrete from the factories of the Moscow region and Moscow, there has not yet had a single case of obtaining a falsified concrete (sinned undervoyance) although we use the main brands 100-200. And rarely 250 if in a short time it is necessary to obtain the necessary minimum strength for the production of work.
    The Council is simple not to take the mediator, go to the plant. Intermediaries (caught by hand and pro-workers) and are falsified with the replacement of brands and mobility with individual representatives of the plant with which they are divided. Today, competition in the concrete market is high and the plants themselves are not engaged in such matters.

    #73 , 10.08.12

  6. The commercial factory concrete already has a super C-3 (or analog). Self-ignition only spoil the concrete in front ...

    And here are the designers (also broken) with the bottom
    Concrete or rubble preparation? - Reinforced concrete structures

    SP 50-101-2004 Design and Device of Bases and Foundations of Buildings and Facilities
    12.8.6. Under the monolithic foundations, regardless of the underlying soils (except rock), it is recommended to provide a device for concrete preparation with a thickness of 100 mm. It is allowed to use rubbed or sand preparation with a cement screed. The thickness of the protective layer of concrete for the working fittings of the soles of the foundations is taken at least 35 mm.
    With justification concreting foundations without preparation. In this case, the thickness of the protective layer is taken at least 70 mm.

    P / E Film eliminates all fears, including Funny - and leakage "Milk", and "Capillary Saders", and ... What else? # 74 AL185, 03/20/13

    Alekskuban said (a):

    If you are going to warm up, then sorry - how does the soil be wanted under the house? Forgive me for stupid questions ... I'm a fool ... only here are the arguments here for the self-building ...

    The foundation slab often breaks frosty beaglement right in the first year of construction, if it is not inspired for the winter. During operation, the insulation is not needed for it. # 84 Baus, 04/27/13

    A concrete, or how to make concrete training. You can do and not do. Depending on this, the protective layer of reinforcement changes. And waterproofing on concrete preparation is made at high groundwater, above the plate.

    #150 , 12.11.13

  7. gatch78 said (a):

    Something seems to me that the poorer in the sand for one season, this film will turn into places. or not?

    The film is stacked not under elozo, but under the foam or concrete. Reinforcement, TP pipes, acceptance of concrete. None in one object ...
    I do not give links to reports: you will not read until the process of generating and chewing your own fears ...
    For the fictional fears will have to overpay ... # 164 Al185, 11/19/13

    My five kopecks:

    Approach - not needed.

    Film - not needed.

    Now I will try to explain. Podcasts, as a rule, is positioned either as protection of waterproofing or as a base for it. Consider the stages of the construction of an unloved basement type "Floating Plate":

    1 - Kotlovan. The depth of the pit is determined by nothing but the thickness of the vegetable layer of the soil, as a rule, I initially do not consider the options for four peat meters, etc., this is a separate story. The bottom of the pit must be smooth and dry. If it should be removed on the bottom of the wet clay, if it is impossible, then score with a large fraction of rubble, thin layers, grieving it into clay. In no case begin to start the sand, if there is a liquid clay in the pit.

    2 - geotextiles, Ideally, Darnit, the role of this material is to prevent the mixing of the ground and the substitution material. Geotextile stacked on a dry and even bottom of the pit, no matter how you have achieved it, and I had to get out of the dirt rubble.

    3 - pillow. The role of the pillow in a uniform distribution of the load from the foundation on the ground ground. In addition, it is laid in her drainage (well, the lodging of communications by itself). I always make a pillow of sand. It does not necessarily have to be worn, although it is not bad. It must be with a high filtration coefficient and have an average or large fraction. The sand is checked simple enough: if in a pile of sand that you was brought to make a hole and pour into it a bucket of water, then the water should leave if it is so, then the sand is suitable if there is alive on the day of the yamer, then there is no. There is one small retreat. Although it is believed that the foundation of the "floating plate" is capable of perceiving the load caused by the beached soil, IMHO, it is better to progress and make a pillow of at least 40 cm, even if plant soil was smaller. The reinsurance is sufficiently reasonable, given that the depth of the primer of the soil is taken on the basis of the most unfavorable conditions, that is, the wet clail in the pure field without snow cover, at maximum negative temperatures for the area, which keep the highest possible time. That is, in reality, forty centimeters of a drainaged sandy base most likely not completely wrapped.

    4 - waterproofing. Since the base is drained, and the foundation is not blunt, then it is not serious to say that it will stand in a puddle. As a rule, when digging, the revealed ground is used to align the site, and the devices of a small "hill" on which the house will stand. That is, waterproofing is aimed at preventing the capillary moisture supply from the pillow. Are there much moisture there? We also take into account that the side surfaces of the foundation are subsequently insulated with EPP and the EPP is also placed under the breakfast., Which is not only insulation, but in some way and waterproofing. Actually concrete is not afraid of water in a liquid state, concrete is afraid of water, which will freeze in it, and it should not be wet, it should be saturated with water as possible to occur in it. For example, you can consider the railway walls, they are destroyed in the ice formation zone. Below and above this level they are usually in excellent condition.

    5 - Separately, it is worth considering the version of the departing somewhere cement milk. From normal concrete, nothing flows in such critical quantities. All these puddles on the surface of the foundation it is nothing more than an excessive water in a concrete, which either swell there at the factory with a horse-drawn laboratory, or added a mixer to merge faster, or the builders themselves, so that it was easy to lagging. There is such a term: a water-cement ratio. That is, in a concrete mixture, a strictly defined amount of water should be added to each kilogram of cement, given the humidity of the inert. Apparently, in many concrete factories did not even hear about it. Further, the fixators for fittings used on the ground base, determine the thickness of the protective layer with a huge stock from the necessary, i.e. if some part of the milk and goes into the sand on the strength of the structure, this will not affect anyone. In addition, for the sake of interest, put an experiment, pour a small slab on the sand and when it gains strength - flip, make sure that the stories about the cement milk driving into the unknownness is no more than fairy tales.

    6 - plate thickness. This parameter is primarily determined by how high you want to pick up the floor above the ground level. You can pour the slab almost any thickness, but you need to understand that the thinner plate the more reinforcement. It will not be possible to hide here. In no way. We poured different plates, and ordinary, and with ribs of rigidity, and "reversals" and double. Practice shows that complex structural foundations bring very ghostly savings on materials, but more expensive work is more expensive. Today, the most frequently fused plates with a thickness of 400 to 600mm. Ordinary, without Roebers and other sings. For those who understand how the fittings work works, and not put everywhere stupidly 12A3 in increments of 200 will understand what I mean.

    PySy: "Oysters ate, if that, in the subject of 13 years, including since 2008 in country construction, up to this overhaul of hydraulic structures.

The difference in the quality of the founding of houses depends not only on the materials used for the construction, but also from how the place was prepared before construction began. Earing the house, it is worth deciding whether concrete preparation is suitable for the foundation, as the highest quality and stable, or for this soil it is better to choose another. Sand or crumbling preparation is less reliable, more difficult in creating, but cheaper in building materials and time on laying.

What is the preparation for

Most often, concrete training is used under the filled foundation or to increase the strength and stability of the base of the house.

Reasons to make a sweeping:

  1. Additional waterproofing, which slows down lifting moisture from soil to the foundation.
  2. Smooth construction site, removes any irregularities left when leaving the pitual equipment or builders, allows you to align the differences up to 10 cm.
  3. It prevents absorbing in the soil of "concrete milk", due to the fact that the concrete fill is made not to open soil, but on a solid base, the base when frozen has the same density, which increases its operational qualities.
  4. Facilitates mounting of reinforcement, makes it possible to use clamps, protecting the reinforcement of the base from corrosion.
  5. Excludes the curvature of the reinforcement due to indulgence in the ground under the weight of non-frozen concrete.

What are the types of preparations

Preparing the platform for a monolithic or ribbon foundation, you can choose different materials depending on the desired characteristics, budget and difficulty in installing on your own. The main reasons to choose one or another are the endurance of the soil, its humidity, is it planned by the basement or basement floor. It is also important which type of support will be used, not blunt, low-breasted or blown. What materials, and how it will be erected, filled or from finished blocks, tape or slab.

Unfortunately, SNIP 52-01-2003 and SP 50-101-2004 does not give clear recommendations, in which case and what preparation is carried out, therefore the reason for the choice is the type of foundation and materials used for it.


Sand preparation

The easiest and easiest way to level the soil for construction is sandy preparation for the basis, for light wooden houses is used quite often, but not suitable for homes with a calculated service life of more than 10 years. It is unreliable, gradual mixing with soil and germination roots of plants causes sedimentation under the weight of the building, there are breaks and cracks and walls. Low moisture resistance requires additional waterproofing, to prevent dampness in the premises.

Concrete preparation

The "skinny" concrete with a maximum of 6% cement content, the main filler with sand, sometimes crushed stone or gravel. Pullen a thin layer over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe future foundation, the thickness of concrete training depends on the type of soil, the weight of the house and the level of groundwater. Depending on these three factors, the thickness can be from 4 to 10 cm.

Preparation of membranes from the profile

A new way of preparing the foundation, easy in installation and less expensive than concrete or rubble. Despite the assurance of manufacturers about strength and similar durability, is less demand.

If there is an opportunity, more often choose proven sublimatons. Due to the additional costs of thermal insulation, the cost can reach the price of standard training.

Crouchped preparation

Switching preparation under the foundation is used if reinforcement or uneven weight distribution is provided. Crushed stone falling asleep with a thickness of 15 to 20 cm, poured it with a bitumen before the formation of a film or a complete impregnation of the layer. For heavy houses, it is unreliable due to the heterogeneity of the rubble, can lead to having and cracks in the foundation and walls.

In the cold season, rubble preparation is almost not used due to the difficulty of creating the desired temperature for bitumen fill.


Preliminary work before the fill of the sublim

The construction of the foundation and training for it is starting with engineering and geological work to find out how deep water spots deeply, and what pressure can endure the earth on the place of the future at home. The construction plan is drawn up and the type of foundation, monolithic or tape, filling or precast type is selected.

Before creating a concrete pillow, you need to mark the territory in order to dull the pit. It should give the opportunity to make a formwork for the fill, so on each side of the future support, a minimum indent is 30 cm.

A fertile layer of soil is removed and transferred to another place where it can be used. In the depth of the pit under the foundation should be at least 20 cm more than the planned support height.

If thermal insulation will be laid, then the pocket depth is increased by the width of the additional layers.

Method for cooking skinny concrete

Skinny concrete is called due to the very small content of cement, which due to fragility makes it useless in full-fledged construction, but ideal for concrete training under the foundation. Depending on the resistance, the selection is provided by 2 classes of concrete mixtures, it is B7.5 and B15, the latter is more difficult to use due to the large content of the ceramisite.

To obtain a cubic meter of the finished solution from B7.5, you need:

  • 160 kg of cement, it is 6.4 bags of cement weighing 25 kg;
  • 2.2 tons of sand;
  • 75 liters of water.

All components should be mixed well and pour into a prepared area.

In the manufacture of B15, you need a special technique to obtain a homogeneous consistency of the finished mixture.

Concrete


10 cm rubble or sand is poured on the purified space and tamper with a vibration plate. This is done to drain extra moisture from the ground, so that it will last longer.

A formwork is mounted on a crumbnt pillow, into which the concrete mass from cement B7.5 will be poured. The formwork make such a height so that the bolted concrete formed a smooth top to which the base of the house will be laid. It must be at least 10 cm and a maximum of 30 cm high.

Often, when installing the formwork, a concrete preparation device for the foundation is advised to make a 10-30 cm with a reserve relative to the foundation. This is done in order to reduce the pressure on the ground and leave a place under thermal insulation and finishing works that prevent the foundation of the foundation from the walls.

The concrete is poured with a top of the formwork, align and sometimes tamped with vibrating plates. For a better clutch with a bay base plate in a sublimaton, a rod of 0.8 cm is installed in diameter, protruding by 10 cm from the preparation, if the base is planned large, then the sweeping will have to be poured in parts in order to insert binding reinforcement.

If a ready-made concrete slab is bought, and not poured, then the rods are not installed.

After that, the layer of thin concrete is left to dry during 7-21 days depending on the weather. Sometimes for heavy buildings, reinforcement of the substrate with a mesh with a reinforcement is 0.8 cm in a section. In addition, the size of such a substrate must be at least 15 cm.

If the binding bars in the substrate were not installed, then the finished flooring is advised to put waterproofing layers, thermal insulation from EPPS, and then again waterproofing. After that, you can mount the formwork for pouring the monolithic plates of the base.

How to pour and insulate concrete training can be seen on the video:

Ribbon

Concrete preparation for the foundation of a ribbon type is different from the preparation for the stove. Dig a trench, which is wider by 40 cm, on each side of the foundation tape. Align the bottom of the trench and laid waterproofing. Mounted formwork height 20-30 cm and poured a concrete mix.


The width of the ribbon ribbon should be greater than the base by 15 cm on each side. If it is planned to use the filling belt foundation, the submills are enhanced by rods for better clutch.

When the Belt Base Base is built from finished blocks, it is desirable to use the preparation of a crushed stone, impregnated with bitumen. Sometimes we put waterproofing on top and poured a second layer of sublimaton for better resistance to destruction.

With a unwarked or low-profiled foundation on stable soils, perhaps sand or rammed crushed without bitumen. Such a basis due to the light of the building does not require serious fortification.

Preparation for a column foundation

For the pile base, sandy preparations are used more often due to the functions of the foundation itself. It is installed for light houses and in stable soils. Most often it does not require additional strengthening. If the house under construction is sufficiently heavy, then crushed stone is used, bited by bitumen. The concrete substrate is extremely rare, due to the possibility of buying small concrete slabs that are reliable to fill.

Whatever the foundation and the house, in most cases, concrete preparation will allow to extend the service life and, spending on the construction stage, prevent spending on more expensive repairs of the foundation.

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