Made of reinforced concrete.
You can warm the Armopoyas or during construction (this is the easiest way) or after some time after the end of construction.
We will not consider the reasons for the disintegration belt simultaneously with construction - it may be many reasons. Just consider all the options known to us.
IMPORTANT! Warming must be carried out only from the outside of the building!
Option 1: The width of the Armopoyas is already the width of the wall.
In this case, it is possible to effectively insulate the Armopois and, if the width is width, make insulation and further cladding closer with the lining of the whole wall. To do this, take the insulation, whose width is allowed to place it in the gap between the reinforced belt and the wall line.
It is likely that the EPPS will have to use, because Thin foam is very fragile. If the width does it make it possible to use 80 mm foam. In order for the belt does not stand out on the facade, you need to take into account the width of the facing: facing brick. Tile or plaster.
If you will use Minvatu as a heater - do not forget about the need for ventilation between minvatu and facing bricks.
Option 2: The width of the Armopleois is equal to the width of the wall, the finishing works are made, the gap between the reinforced belt and the facing is not.
In this case, it is necessary to perform additional insulation throughout the facade to the height of Armopoyas. If in a two-storey building, the reinforced belt is made between the first and second floors and after the second floor under Mauerlat, then the front of the facade will need to perform two insulating belts.
So that it looks aesthetically and durable, you must comply with some rules:
- For the warming of Armopoyas, it is possible to use a foam, for example, a thickness of 80 mm - the brand PSB-C 25. The height of the insulation belt is calculated as follows: 15 cm + height of the Armopoyas + 15 cm. The insulation is attached to 15 cm above the top and below the lower line of the reinforced belt.
- How to prepare the walls to insulation, how to fix the foam, how to rein it with the help of the grid and then plaster - we described in a very detailed photo in the article
- For the durability of the insulation, it is necessary to place a drop with a dropper in the upper part of it (the tide is also applied when mounting windows, to protect the protruding base). The sampling is necessary for removing the rain or melt water from the insulation belt for your armory and is not horizontally placed, but with a slope from the wall. It is best to use a tump made of galvanized sheet steel with a polyester coating.
- To mount the molding, it is necessary to perform in the wall above the insulation belt, start the top edge of the low tide, perform sealing and fix with a step from 30 cm.
For outdoor insulation, you can also use the sprayed polyurethane foam (PPU), which can be closed with a metal profile from above. We do not recommend performing work yourself, as it is very toxic (or rather, one of its components is toxic) and the installation for spraying is required - it is better to use the services of specialized companies.
Option 3: Armopoyas for the entire width of the wall, finishing works are made, there is a gap between the wall and cladding.
Through the arms under the Armopoyas line it is necessary to perform holes for filling the mounting foam into the gap between the outer facing and the wall (belt). Step between holes - no more than 25 -30 cm.
Scattering alternately through one hole. Those., First throw out odd (1,3,5, etc.) holes and wait until the foam cures. Then you can marry even holes. With this approach, you can qualitatively fulfill the warming of Armopoyas and reduce the cost of foam. Be sure to use a professional foam - ultimately it will be more profitable than to perform repeated warming after a couple of years as a result of the sopping of foam.
Modern materials offered by the market for thermal insulation
Unusual new (for us) The material is paint thermos "Isollala" - This is a liquid ultrathone coating for thermal insulation of walls, facades, pipelines, building structures. A layer of 1 mm thick of this modern material replaces 40 mM mineral wool or 200 mm polystyrene.
"Isollala", besides an extensive list of properties, contributes to a significant decrease in the thermal conductivity of the structures. We did not use this material, but if you are interested, you can read in detail here: www.isollat.ru.
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Armopoyas insulation on an open veranda. In this article we will tell you how to warm Armopoyas outside the walls of the house. We have open verandas with each side of the house. One veranda is visible in the photo. Since the construction of the house from the gas-silicate blocks of Armopoy is associated - we made it in the form of a monolithic continuous strip around the perimeter of the building. The first winter we lived without the final insulation of all cold bridges. Because Hodged and all the warming work was discontinued. Over the next summer, we not only insulated the base, but also insulated Aropoyas, which passes through the open veranda.
How to properly insulate the monolithic armopoyas on the open veranda (outside the house)
To cut off the cold bridge at the entrance to the room - and the cold bridge in this case is part of the reinforced monolithic belt located above the open veranda - it must be improved correctly. Before the start of work, we thoroughly cleaned the reinforced concrete armoomas from the construction trash, accumulated in the year of dust and dirt. Detected solutions for masonry or other major irregularities have previously contlected. For these purposes, a hammer or durable scraper is excellent. Then these places also cleaned with a metal brush. After cleaning, we covered the primer all the warmed area. For this work it took "universal soil for internal and external works" or any other primer and a rigid brush for facade works. 
As a heater, we used in the packaging sheets of extrusion polystyrene foam (EPPS) "Technonol" with a thickness of 30 mm - this is sufficient. Epps - thermal insulation material that does not rot, does not swell and wet, does not give a shrinkage, is durable. Extrusion polystyrene manufacturers recommend it for the insulation of foundations, basements, solestets, floors, flat roofs and other structures. For insulation, the cold bridge is enough to insulate the Armopoyas at a distance of 1 meter from the entrance to the house. This insulation is enough to prevent heat loss at this point. However, in aesthetic purposes, we insulated the reinforced belt along the entire length: because It is visible from both the veranda and the street, so we decided to make it one size (one thickness) from all sides. In order to purchase the desired amount of EPPS, it is necessary to calculate the insulation area. It still takes the composition for reinforcing and fastening the EPPS plates to the reinforced concrete beam, which is both armopyomas. We used "glue-114" for insulating plates made of polystyrene foam. The rules for use and the required amount of glue can also be calculated using the instruction on the package. And the last thing is necessary:
- the reinforcement grid - its area must exceed the insulation area by 2.3 times;
- "Mushrooms" for fastening the insulation to Aropoyasa.
What technology is better to apply to achieve this goal?
What use materials?
Much will depend on the materials of the walls of the house and its design features. It will be quite difficult to consider all possible options, so we will stop at our time of houses built from blocks of various types and insulation from polystyrene foam or foam.
To achieve an optimal result, it is important to correctly mount thermal insulation, protecting all parts of the residential building on the exposure of the cold.
Warming at home is operating on the principle of thermos, which can remain the temperature within a long time. In the thermos, this effect is achieved partially thanks to the air layer surrounding the inner flask, in our case, to reduce the weight loss will help the insulation of the house outside the foam or polystyrene foam.
The greatest effect can be achieved if they are mounted thermal insulation in the construction process, as it is difficult to warm the house, if it already lives, harder.
As a good thermal insulation for block walls, the usual foam or polystyrene foam. But before starting the installation, the following preparatory work must be performed:
- To the upper armoomas put the insulation, with which the last series of foams will be shrink.
- To score lighthouses to pull the threads on which they will be focused on the installation of thermal insulation.
- Stop down along the wall of galvanized iron guide profile, which serves as the basis for the first row of insulation plates.
Armopoyas's insulation at home
For the warming of Armopoyas, the extruded mineral wool is best suitable for a thickness of 100 mm. It must be put in so as to protect all the structural elements of the top of the wall from freezing. First of all, you need to pay attention to the mortgage, mounted in Aropoyas. After the farms are installed and fixed in the desired position, it is necessary to cut the part from the minvate to insulate from all sides of the anchor on which the carrier roof structures are held.
The space under the heels of farms should be filled with concrete.
The insulation elements in this case will serve as a formwork.
The protection of the anchor compound from the cold will not be complete, if not close it from above the insulation.
It is also important to fill the foam all the slots between the heat insulating details.
When all fastenings of farms are protected from cold, you can cover the remaining parts of the Armopoya with insulation, propening the joints between the installed elements of thermal insulation (1), as well as their compounds with the concrete surface (2).
Installation of Mayakov
The next step leading to performing the installation of thermal insulation on the wall is the preparation of beacons that will help to properly install foam, creating a strictly vertical plane. For lighthouses, it is best to use 16 pieces of fittings with a length of about 30 cm (4 for each wall).
The pin is clogged into the wall at a distance of 10-20 cm from the angle (so as not to split a piece of concrete). To do this, at a depth of 5-10 cm, the holes are pre-drilled, the diameter of which must correspond to the thickness of the reinforcement. One pin must be scored in every corner of the wall, at the top and bottom.
As you can see in the two previous photos, a fishing line is stretched between the upper and lower reinforcement, which is important to set over the plumb. Its distance from the wall must correspond to the sum of the three components - this is the thickness of the foam, the thickness of the adhesive mixture layer and 2-3 mm of reserve that will not allow the fishing line to touch the insulation installed. For foam 100 mm thick, this distance is usually about 12-15 cm if the wall plane is quite smooth.
Movable horizontal fishing lines are stretched between vertical fishing woods, according to which it is mainly and focused when installing thermal insulation.
Installation of the guide perimetral profile
The width of the galvanized profile must correspond to the thickness of the thermal insulation plate. It is installed in such a way that it lay on the horizontal surface of the foundation insulation.
The profile is fixed with the help of dowels "quick installation" (1), exhibiting its outer edge along the thread (2), stretched between two lower beacons.
As you can see on the illustration, the profile is mounted not to the slag block, but just below the level of the top of the foundation. Thus, by setting a 100 mm wide profile close to concrete, it is possible to calculate that there will be a certain space for the adhesive mixture between the insulation and the wall. This is possible due to the fact that the vertical surfaces of the foundation and slag block masonry are not at the same level, and between them there is a small step.
If the building design is such that the surface of the foundation and walls are one plane, or if the profile is installed above the level of the foundation, it will be necessary to make special brackets that allow you to leave some distance between the wall and the profile when installing it.
This space must be filled with mounting foam.
Please note: Mount the profile so that its outer edge is located strictly parallel to the thread, it will be not easy due to the fact that for the fastening element you need to drill the hole in the concrete through the metal side wall metal. Deformation of tin in one place can provoke a change in the shape of the product in its neighboring parts. Therefore, for the first time, engaged in this work, may have to adapt. During the dowel to drive, you should also be careful, trying not to bend the edge of the profile, because of which its outer side can rise.
Installation of thermal insulation on the wall
When the preparatory work is completed, it is possible to start the installation of thermal insulation. For the first row of plates, the basis is the previously installed guide profile. To secure the foam on the slag cloth, use the intended mounting mixture, which is pre-kneaded using a mixer.
The finished substance is applied in the form of several lamps on the inner side of the insulation, evenly distributing them on the surface.
When mounting the first row, the lower part of the insulation plate is inserted into the guide profile under the tilt, carefully bringing it up to the surface of the wall.
As can be seen on the illustrating warning of the walls from the slag block of the editing of the first row of insulation plates, so that the fishing line does not interfere with installing the foam in its place, it must be temporarily delayed. Later, when the bloumbers touch the walls, the fishing line needs to be released, and gradually press the top of the slab until the gap between it is formed about 1-2 mm.
Please note: after the foam plastic was pressed against the wall, it should not be pulled back. Distributed under pressure in a narrow space, the thickness of the mounting mixture layer decreases, which is why it can no longer perform its function. Therefore, it is better to press the stove to the wall as you can be careful to put it on a thread from the first time.
Installation of the second row of plates is in a similar way, only without a guide profile. At first, the bottom of the foam is installed at an angle, and then its upper part is set on the thread.
To reduce the likelihood of errors, you can set the second row on two fishing line.
When installing the second and subsequent rows of foam, it will be necessary to cut out parts from whole plates for installation in places of window and doorways.
It is also important to carry out the installation of the insulation on the principle of brickwork (each next row shifts half the length of the plate).
After the top row of the plates is docked with the mineral wool lying on the armojoyase (1), all the seams should be performed between the elements of insulation (2).
In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the plates with plastic dowels. To do this, you need to perform the following 3 operations:
1. With the wall through the foam, the hole is drilled by a perforator.
2. put a dowel mushroom there.
3. To buy a plastic nail with a hole in the dowel.
Please note: the installation of umbrellas should be done in such a way that their caps are not towering, and were 1-2 mm recessed into the foam.
Places where dowels are drunk, it is necessary to smell the adhesive mixture.
Of course, the insulation of a slag clock house described above is not all that can be taken to increase its energy efficiency.
You can also perform a number of insulation measures within the structure, and install a more economical heating system in it.
Nevertheless, exercising correctly only outdoor insulation, you can already significantly save your expenses during the heating season.
Aerated concrete is an excellent alternative to brick. However, unfortunately, the magnitude of the strength of the aerated concrete blocks is significantly lower. The material does not hold the fasteners on its surface.
The laying of aerated concrete blocks has its own characteristics:
- The construction of walls should be carried out on a reliable foundation.
- In the process of work, it is necessary to regularly check the smooth design.
- All over the perimeter of the construction, the walls should be strengthened with a reinforced belt made from reinforced concrete.
When conducting construction work with a violation of technological rules, blocking of blocks may occur under the influence of the roof pressure.
The meaning of Armopoyasa
The reinforced belt is the monolithic design located around the perimeter of the building. Armopois protects the walls of the house from the destruction and deformation under the influence of loads. The technology of strengthening the wall surface of the object involves laying a discharge belt between overlappings of each floor and in the place of roofing laying.
To ensure the functionality of Armopoyas, its structure must be:
- Continuous.
- In the annular style.
- Closed.
The main components of Armopoyasa:
- Armature frame.
- Concrete mix.
- Formwork or blocks.
The design of the design is:
- In the distribution of carrier load from additional floors or roofs on the walls in order to give them strength.
- In the protection of the foundation and walls from cracks.
- In an increase in the spatial rigidity of the building.
The design ensures the strength and reliability of the bearing walls, increases the resistance to the structure of wind, temperature drops, seismic oscillations, soil shrinkage and the most construction object.
Dimensions of Armopoyasa
The dimensions of Armopoyais depend on the design feature of the building material, to which it is necessary to attach it. The wall may be inner or outer. For each category, builders consider their specific requirements regarding the size of the structure.
- Internal design is strengthened by Armopoyan with an indicator of the width value with the corresponding wall thickness.
- When strengthening the house from the outside, the width of the protective belt must correspond to the width of the wall without taking into account the insulation and formwork.
- The minimum elevation of the structure corresponds to one hundred and fifty millimeters. This indicator may not be larger than the width of the wall.
Options for creating armooois
Install the unloading belt for walls made of aerated concrete blocks is possible in several ways:
- With a wooden formwork.
- Using good blocks.
When comparing these two methods, it can be noted that the equipment of the walls of Armopleomas with the help of a wooden formwork is technologically more difficult to implement. The second method, with the help of good blocks, much easier, but it will have to invest more funds in it due to the use of expensive building material.
No discharge belt is laid:
- Under solid reinforced concrete design.
- Under wooden floors based on blocks.
In the case, sufficiently under the beams fill the platforms from concrete with a thickness of five centimeters, which play a supporting role that reliably protect building blocks from the jurisdiction.
In reinforced concrete structures, there is no point in additional protection due to the uniform distribution of load on the wall
Creating Armopoyasa with formwork
The formwork for the discharge belt is a wooden frame. It is made from trimming boards, fastened among themselves on the outside.
After carrying out the complete assembly of the formwork, its lower part is attached to the wall with self-draws, and the upper - by transverse cutting screeds with an interval from eighty to one hundred centimeters. The screed is necessary to impart reliability of the design, otherwise when pouring concrete, it can be deformed or crushed.
Previously before the construction of the design should be worried about the acquisition of the necessary building materials:
- Cutting boards, minimal three centimeters thick and 40x40 timber for making formwork.
- Nails for fastening the cutting design to the wall.
- Flexible wire to give stiffness to the structure.
- Reinforcement rods with a diameter of twelve millimeters.
- Polystyrene foam for insulation.
Used construction tools:
- Drill.
- Hacksaw.
Technology Facility formwork
The technological process involves performing work in several stages:
- Preparation of wooden shields.
- Polystyrene layer gasket between the house wall and a wooden shield for insulating purposes.
- Fastening the design to the wall by self-draws or long nails.
- Additional fasteners of elements of a wooden structure using self-tapping and wire.
- Assembly of reinforcement frame. It should be initially laying the reinforcement pins inside wooden shields. A flexible wire is used to connect to the frame of the reinforcement. It is not recommended to fasten the reinforcement to each other with the welding method due to the rust of the material inside the concrete.
- Pouring cement mortar.
Reinforcement
Reinforcement is made from reinforcement rods with a diameter of eight to twelve millimeters.
The principle of the process is:
- In horizontal laying of rods.
- In the fastening of their flask flexible knitting wire all over the perimeter of the wall.
- In the suspension of the joints of the rings from the wire with a diameter of six millimeters.
The mating of reinforcement rods should be made directly in the formwork. In the finished form, the reinforcement frame is heavy. With a separate assembly of the design, raise it and accommodate it will be difficult. A layer of stones or bricks is recommended between aerated concrete blocks and framework of the unloading belt.
1. Pouring concrete
When purchasing a dry concrete mixture, it is necessary to use the marking of the material not lower than M200.
In the absence of products, the required characteristics in the store can be prepared independently, applying the following proportions in the ratio of the components:
- Crushed stone - 4,8 parts.
- Cement - 1 part.
- Sand - 2.8 parts.
To increase the density of the composition, crushed stone can be replaced by gravel. After stirring, dry items should add water to small portions, the amount of which must correspond to twenty percent of the total amount of the mixture.
The fill technology of concrete provides for the rules of work, which should be performed to obtain the desired functional result:
- The fill must be carried out in one cycle without interrupts, not allowing partial drying of the concrete layer.
- It should be avoided in the solution for pouring bubbles with void, which in the further drying of the mixture will reduce the strength characteristics of the structure.
- After the fill, it is recommended to seal concrete using a perforator with a special nozzle. Also, a blasting machine is used to eliminate voids in the solution, and in the case of its absence, it will have to remove air bubbles, staging with reinforcement.
2. Construction of the unloading belt using blocks
The formwork can serve not wooden structures, and blocks from aerated concrete U-shaped mandatory condition to such a building material is the presence of an inner cavity, which is necessary for laying a frame of fittings and filling concrete.
The blocks of the tray look are stacked as the width as the walls. Such a belt is convenient to arrange to the outer walls due to the completion of an additional insulating function, while eliminating the formation of the "bridges" of the cold.
3. What you need
The method is simple and requires the preliminary acquisition of building material - of good blocks with a thickness of ten centimeters. Before buying, the calculation of the required amount of material should be calculated based on the planned height of the design and the perimeter of the object.
The process of manufacturing the design of the Armopoya with the use of good blocks
- Installing good blocks on the wall in the usual order.
- Reinforcement of the central part of the building material.
- Pouring cement mortar of the resulting structure.
Armopoyas of bricks
The loading belt can be constructed using brickwork, reinforced by reinforcement grid. It is less reliable than concrete and applies only for small household buildings. To increase the strength of the brick design, the use of reinforcement or metal welded grid is recommended.
Features of the structure:
- When using the reinforcement grid with a cross-sectional diameter of five millimeters, it is recommended to lay it through four rows of bricks.
- The width of the design should correspond to the wall thickness of the building being processed.
- The height of the structure depends on the type of building material of the walls of the house and from the type of roof. The average design value for the wall of aerated concrete blocks is forty centimeters.
Strengthening walls with bricks with built-in reinforcement grid cannot fully replace the reliability of structural elements using a reinforced concrete counterpart.
Armopoyash insulation
The most important feature of the aerated concrete is low warmth, ensuring the absence of a factor of the frost constructed from it, even at the lowest ambient temperature. Therefore, when building a strengthening structure, it is important that it does not violate the thermal insulation properties of the house.
In the cold season, as well as during the periods of sharp temperature differences, condensate may occur on the reinforced belt. In order to avoid this phenomenon, it is recommended to carry out work on structural insulation.
A polystyolster, foam and mineral wool can be used as insulation heat insulating elements. In some cases, aerated concrete blocks with partitions are used. When using mineral wool, leaving a small ventilation gap between the insulation and the facing surface.
Advice of organizational work on the insulation of the object:
- When building a construction for the purpose of subsequent insulation, it should be performed with an indentation from the outer edge of the wall, and not at its entire width.
- The minimum width of the discharge belt should be twenty centimeters when using monolithic concrete and twenty-five centimeters in the case of bricks.
- The resulting free space after the fill of the Armopoyas should be filled with insulation and close the foam block, pre-cut according to the desired dimensions.
- When pouring cement makeup should be monitored so that the elements of the reinforced grid do not touch the walls of the formwork.
- To increase the functionality of the Armopoyas, the framework of the reinforcement is installed on the surface with a level.
- Concrete strength after its fill contributes to periodic moisturizing, especially in hot weather. It is recommended to moisturize the design every day for five days. The best effect is achieved when coating the moistened surface with a polyethylene film.
- It is possible to remove the formwork in a week, however, it will be functioning for the purpose only in two weeks, when the cement mixture comes.
- If the unloading belt is planned, then it is not necessary to make it flush with the wall. Specialists recommend that the formwork is shifted incur into the further purpose of filling the resulting niche with insulation heat insulating material.
- No need to spend money on the reinforced belt if the foundation is located durable not saturated with water soil, brick walls, as well as when erecting a one-story house with wooden beams, and not reinforced concrete panels.