All modern houses and apartments are designed in such a way that any room is as functional as possible. Therefore, today you will not surprise anyone with the fact that in each of the premises of the house there are a large number of various electrical appliances. It is for this reason that at the time of drawing up a diagram of outlets in an apartment, many different details must be taken into account.
What is the ideal height for the outlets?
If you look at the photo of the sockets in the apartment, you will see that in most cases either the option of placing directly above the baseboard, or approximately at the level of the thigh is used. Of course, other options are encountered while viewing design projects, but they are far from being used so often by electricians for many reasons.
When placed at hip level, the advantage is convenient access directly to electricity for all appliances that will sit on different surfaces. In the first case, the convenience will be noticeable when using such household appliances as a vacuum cleaner.
Where to place the sockets in the bedroom and guest room?
In the living room, as well as in the room set aside for sleeping, at what height it is completely unimportant to install the outlet as a whole, due to the fact that it will mainly be used for floor lamps that stand on the floor or small table-type lamps. The nuance will consist only in the obligatory laying of sockets on each side of the bed, and for all chairs.
Even if at this stage of the repair you are sure that there will not be a floor lamp next to the chair, it is not a fact that you will not change your mind, for example, six months later.
The socket used for the charger is best placed next to the bedside table or close to the sofa.
Make sure that the living room has a couple of slots for a home theater, music system. If you are a lover of fish, then in this case, do not forget to take into account the necessary sockets for lighting, a water filter near the aquarium. In the future, these outlets must be as easy as possible to access.
An important point. Think in advance what the route of your vacuum cleaner will be during cleaning. If the area of the room is large enough, then the most convenient option for the location of the sockets in the apartment is in the back of the room and right at the entrance. Thus, you will save yourself the need to constantly stretch the cord of the electrical appliance in constant attempts to get to the far parts of the room.
Home office
For a home office, a couple of "outputs" are required right at the desktop. The low level of installation of the wiring of sockets in the apartment with your own hands is ideal for those cases when the computer is of a stationary type. Do not forget that very often for an external camera, as well as for computer speakers, its own outlet is required.
If you have to charge your smartphone, player or tablet quite often, then the main thing here is that all the sockets must be located literally at hand.
New generation sockets: with phone tray, USB input and TV antenna.
Reflecting on the question of how to make an outlet with your own hands, you should understand that today more and more various household appliances can be charged without problems using the simplest USB cable. It is for this reason that the usual socket with a plug is far from always needed.
Reduce the number of outlets in your home during renovations by installing a special device for future USB charging. It makes it possible to charge several devices at the same time, while shortening the charging time. Sockets of this type can be easily installed next to the classic ones in a single frame. They are best placed near a work surface to avoid the risk of people stepping on the charger.
Another similar device makes it possible to combine an outlet in the usual sense with a universal built-in battery. The main convenience lies in the possibility of installation in absolutely any single slot, which not only saves space in the room, but also significantly increases your "tactical" capabilities during repairs.
Sockets in the kitchen
In no case should the refrigerator be connected using an extension cord. That is why the socket in the kitchen should be installed not only in the required place, but also taking into account this restriction.
In practice, the connection of the oven, like any modern cooking surface, is carried out through one or even two sockets. An important point is that these are mainly simple three-phase sockets powered by their own RCD.
If we talk about kitchen or household appliances in general, then when analyzing how to replace an old outlet with a new one, it is best to simply put it on an apron. In the future, you can connect both a blender and a kettle there, and during the day.
An important point. For the operation of the microwave and TV in the kitchen, it is best to make a special disguised exit in advance. If there are few outlets in the necessary places in the kitchen, then they can be brought out even to the side surface of the lower one from the kitchen cabinets. To conceal the nest, you can use a modern hinged folding section.
Bathroom sockets
In the public domain, there should always be literally a couple of slots at home, used for an electric razor and a hair dryer. Also, one or two additional sockets can be placed on the floor if there is a washing machine right in the room.
If you plan to install a hydromassage panel or a new generation bathtub with a built-in TV in the bathroom, then a hidden type of power supply must be provided for them separately.
In conclusion, it is worth noting that you should not forget about safety precautions. Because sockets tend to clog up with dust quickly enough without proper care, they should be cleaned at least once a week.
Photo of sockets in the apartment
Since we are all smart people, we understand perfectly well that electricity does not like jokes, so you need to "play" with it according to strictly defined rules. In other words, according to certain standards that make it possible to make the coexistence of a person and power grids as comfortable and mutually beneficial as possible. Let's talk about the height at which electrical outlets and switches should be mounted so that it is safe and convenient.
Height of sockets and switches: standards or common sense?
Almost any, even a small cosmetic repair of the premises, includes, if not a complete replacement of the existing electrical wiring, then at least its partial modernization. Such modernization usually consists in restoring inoperable sections of the wiring, as well as transferring existing ones and adding new points. And if directly laying wires, "tying" junction boxes, assembling electrical panels, etc. are tasks for specialists, then the choice of places for placing sockets and switches is the prerogative of the owners of the premises.
When it comes to planning the location of wiring products, the owners have a question: are there any mandatory standards for such a case?
As such, there are no rigid and binding standards for the height of the sockets and switches - neither in Russia, nor in Europe. Therefore, they can be installed at any distance from the floor. But at the same time, four conditions must be met:
- There should be a physical possibility not only of mounting the "point" in the chosen place, but also of bringing wires to it.
- The safe operation of the outlet or switch must be ensured - common sense dictates that it is better not to install these products near sources of water, strong heat, and even more so open fire.
- A mounted outlet (well, or a switch) should be easy to use - a switch under the sofa is just as inappropriate as a socket on the ceiling.
- It is highly desirable to be able to quickly access the "point". First of all, this applies to electrical outlets, often "hiding" behind furniture or household appliances.
If you do not take into account the "specialized" premises (such as a kitchen, a bathroom or a bathroom), then usually the condition that determines the choice of the location and height of the "point" is the observance of paragraph 3. Simply put, wherever it is convenient, we put it there. This is how the notorious "European standard" appeared, which is not at all such - it is, in fact, just the most frequently chosen installation height:
- For sockets - 20-40 cm from floor level;
- For switches - optimal 80-100 cm from floor level.
These figures are dictated by the following considerations: if the electrical point is too low, there are high chances of flooding it with water during wet cleaning of floors. And often it is not very convenient to use it - you have to bend very low. If the outlet is mounted much higher than 40 cm from the floor, the power cords of the electrical appliances included in it become too noticeable, which is rather unaesthetic, and from the point of view of most designers, it is generally criminal.
For switches, the installation height is chosen so that the power button falls "under the arm" - for the average person it is just a little less than a meter from the floor.
An exception is children's rooms, in which it is generally recommended to place all wiring accessories powered from a 220 V network at a height not less than 1.6 m from floor level; however, this rule is not mandatory for the private residential sector.
A few words about "disposable" sockets
All of the above applies to electrical outlets to which electrical equipment is systematically connected and disconnected. However, in every home there is a whole group of appliances that are used according to the "plug and forget" principle: these are refrigerators and freezers, air conditioners, electric ovens and water heaters, washing machines and even televisions.
Sockets for such household appliances are usually designed in inconspicuous places. In this case, the installation height is absolutely not critical and is chosen solely for reasons of common sense - so that, if necessary, you can quickly get to it, but it did not "loom" in plain sight.
For example, electrical outlets for kitchen hoods, air conditioners and some shower cabins are installed at a height 1.8-2.5 m from the floor, for water heaters or wall-hung TVs - 1.5-1.8 m, for microwave ovens and other kitchen appliances - 10-15 cm above the level of the working surface(countertops). Below all, sockets for refrigerators and washing machines are usually mounted - not higher than 60 cm from the floor.
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Convenience in the kitchen for the hostess is not just a thoughtful arrangement of furniture, but also the presence of various household appliances that greatly facilitate the cooking process. All modern devices are electrical, that is, they require a connection to a current source.
It is possible to make adjustments to the existing premises only during a major overhaul. Therefore, when planning it, you should draw up with an accurate list and placement of household appliances and think over how to correctly and in the right amount to place sockets in the kitchen. This will not be difficult if you have an idea of the safety standards and rules that will be discussed in the article.
Location standards
When designing outlets, you should be guided by the following regulatory documents:
- GOSTs 7397.0-89, 7396.1-89, 8594-80.
- SNiP 3.05.06-85.
We list the standards applicable to the installation of kitchen sockets:
- They should be located at a height of more than 2 cm from the plinth.
- The household appliance that needs to be connected to the network must be at a distance no more than 1 m from the outlet.
- They are positioned so that they do not get splashed with water or moisture vapor.
4 types of sockets
The sockets differ in the type of installation into the following groups:
- Corner... A convenient option for the kitchen, they can be placed under a wall cabinet, at the junction of the walls. They can be either single or modular of two or more. Their installation is simple, like conventional sockets.
- Retractable... This is an alternative to an extension cord. Pull-out units are placed in cabinets or countertops, where they are hidden from dust and moisture. Allows you to connect multiple electrical appliances.
- Hidden or recessed... Most often, they use the option built into the countertop, which makes it look more aesthetically pleasing. This is, as a rule, a block consisting of several outlets, as well as connectors for charging gadgets and audio and video outputs. Convenience lies in the fact that the unit is hidden in the table top, and, if necessary, you need to press the case cover to make it slide out.
- Overhead... The easiest to install, but used in kitchens less often than others, as they are suitable for open wiring.
How many of them do you need in the kitchen?
The calculation is quite simple: it consists of the number of electrical appliances that are present in the kitchen, with a margin of 20-25%... It is necessary to take into account the sockets:
- under the hood;
- for the stove (if it is with an electric ignition, an induction surface or an electric oven);
- for large household appliances (refrigerator, washing machine, TV);
- for plug-in appliances, kettle, microwave oven and other used appliances.
Then add the margin. The resulting figure will be the answer to the question about the number of outlets that need to be made in the kitchen. If they are not enough, then it will be difficult or even impossible to redo it later, and you will have to use extension cords, which is inconvenient.
Rules and layout of sockets
Determine how many household appliances there will be or may appear in the near future. Then check and record the power of each and the connection features, if any. Approximate power indicators:
- Large machinery:
- electric oven - from 2500 W;
- hob - 1000-1500 W;
- dishwasher - from 1000 W;
- washing machine - from 1500 W;
- water heater - from 1500 W;
- refrigerator - 200-1000 W;
- freezer - 300 W.
- Small kitchen appliances:
- microwave oven - from 800 W;
- electric kettle - from 500 W;
- blender - up to 300 W;
- food processor - 1200-1500 W;
- coffee maker - from 900 watts.
- Additional technique that may be present in the kitchen:
- TV - 200-330 W;
- laptop - 50-75 W.
The placement of outlets is subject to certain rules to prevent situations that can lead to unpleasant consequences:
- Pay particular attention to the fact that the total power of the devices connected to the socket must not exceed the permissible value. For example, a kettle and a microwave oven cannot be connected to the same outlet at the same time. The power of the devices can be specified in the technical data sheets for them.
- It is necessary to bring so many lines to the kitchen that feed the sockets so that there is enough for all appliances with a double margin. This means that the kitchen must be conditionally divided into parts with the arrangement of appliances, then the received power must be divided into outlet groups in these parts and multiplied by two in each group obtained.
- On electrical appliances with high power (large household appliances, electric stoves, etc.), it is better to have separate lines with a suitable section, copper and through protective automatics. For convenience, it is better to sign each machine in the switchboard.
- Devices with a metal housing require grounding. Therefore, the sockets for them must be connected through a differential circuit breaker or RCD (residual current device).
- It is prohibited to install sockets directly behind built-in electric ovens, refrigerators, hoods, they should be located at the side at a distance of about 20 cm.
- Above the tabletop, the sockets are installed, stepping back 10-15 cm. It is necessary to strictly observe the conditions that exclude moisture and splashes of fat on them. Installation above a sink and stove is prohibited. When installing outlets in the vicinity of pipes, pay attention that they have covers and rubber seals that will protect them from moisture in the event of a breakthrough.
Manufacturers indicate on the packaging to the outlets what power they are designed for, these numbers should be taken into account when buying. Variants of 10 amperes are produced, which corresponds to 2.2 kW, and 16 amperes - 3.5 kW.
They preliminarily draw up a diagram of the location of the sockets. Most of the attention should be paid to this point. The importance of this stage lies in the fact that the convenience of using household appliances in the kitchen, the safety and aesthetics of the room will depend on how accurately and successfully the scheme is drawn up.
The location of the sockets should be strictly traced on the kitchen plan and it should be noted how the electrical lines will be routed to them.
Do not forget about the design of the room, they should not spoil the overall look. If sockets for large household appliances, as a rule, are not visible behind a kitchen apron, then located above the countertop they can give an interesting look or ruin it.
In modern kitchens, the choice is often made in favor of pull-out options, they are hidden in the work surface, without changing its aesthetics, and appear when necessary. Of the advantages, it should also be noted that they are easy to install, you can often order installation in the manufacture of a kitchen set.
How high should they be?
- Lower level are occupied by large household appliances. Such sockets are located at a height of about 10-30 cm from the floor.
- Next level - average- occupies the main part of the technique. Most often, they use sockets that are located above the working surface of tables, this is convenient. According to the rules, they should be at a height of 10-20 cm above the table top.
- And in fact upper level there are sockets for a kitchen hood, as well as lighting devices connected through an electric plug. Here the height is at least 2 m from the floor level.
How to install?
It remains to proceed with the installation according to the prepared scheme:
- First, the sockets are distributed along the walls and on the kitchen apron, marks are made, correlated with the output voltage cables.
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Correct wiring in an apartment is the basis of comfort and well-being. Therefore, it is so important to know exactly where to lay the wiring, and where to place the sockets and switches.
It would seem that the renovation has been completed, it remains to remove and arrange the furniture, and then (oh, horror!) You understand: the sockets are not where they are needed, they are blocked by furniture. And new sockets are new wires in the wall, which means that you need to tear off and glue the wallpaper, and so on in a circle. 
The ideal option is to think over the placement of electrical appliances and furniture at the stage of planning the repair. In order not to step on the same rake next time, I made notes, and my notebook was replenished with various non-obvious electrical solutions, which I am happy to share with readers!
A switch in the hallway that turns off everything in the apartment!
Great idea! After all, it often happens that you have already dressed, put on your shoes, and then it turns out that the light is on on the second floor ... Or you go to work and think: "Did I turn off the iron?"It is very tempting to solve all these problems in one fell swoop, the main thing is that the refrigerator is turned off separately, otherwise you will have to throw away spoiled food very often.
Sockets in slopes
As you know, there are never too many sockets. The sockets in the slopes will come in handy if the surface of the windowsill serves as a kitchen work area, if the kitchen is small and you need to save every centimeter of free space if there is a table next to the window.For example, I have a blender on my windowsill, in which I make smoothies every day. But there is no outlet ... They stretched out an extension cord, which spoils the whole view.
And before the New Year, you will thank yourself for this outlet when you decorate the window in the nursery (and maybe in the kitchen) with New Year's garlands.
Switches by the bed
And not only by the bed, but everywhere in the passages. This life hack is not new for a long time, I constantly meet it in hotels, but many people forget about it when they make repairs.
Regulator for underfloor heating - at eye level
It is at this height that it is convenient to adjust. Why do all builders try to install it closer to the floor?
Full lighting on the balcony
Doing the lighting of the loggia - do not forget about the switch. Otherwise, it turns out: I went out onto the balcony, saw that it was dark, and I needed to return to the room to turn on the light.
More sockets in the bathroom
Hairdryer, washing machine, and maybe also drying, electric shaver, electric toothbrush ... For everything you need sockets, which, by the way, can be hidden in a locker.
Vacuum cleaner sockets
Many people have more than one vacuum cleaner, but two: an ordinary one and a robot. All these assistants need an outlet, and at a certain level: for an ordinary vacuum cleaner 30–40 cm from the floor and in every room, for a robot - in the hallway, taking into account the place for recharging.
Socket for charging gadgets in the kitchen
Be sure to provide it! Imagine that you are cooking according to a recipe from a tablet, and the tablet is empty! And you have no free socket in the kitchen ... And now it will be! If we are talking about sockets provided for small household appliances such as a blender or coffee grinder, then think in advance how many household appliances you may need when cooking. If you are at a loss in this matter, then use one of our recommendations.
There must be at least one outlet for each running meter of the working surface. This does not mean that sockets have to be installed every meter, they may well be grouped together in several pieces.
You can do it even easier and install on the kitchen "backsplash" 2-3 sockets above each free worktop. Typically two or three outlet groups. Do not forget to place one or two sockets in the dining area. It will come in handy if you need to charge your cell phone or connect, for example, a laptop.
Hide the sockets in the cabinets
If there are already many sockets on the kitchen backsplash and it looks ugly, hide them, for example, at the bottom of the wall cabinets.
Computer sockets
Think about what kind of computer you are working on: for a desktop computer you need 3-4 sockets, for a laptop you need to make an outlet in all places where you usually sit with it: next to a table, an armchair, a sofa.
Let's try to imagine modern life without electricity.
What is difficult? It is almost impossible to imagine that one can refuse
the usual washing machine of your own computer, a music center or an iron. And if
an electric kettle or microwave, you can still replace it with gas or, a refrigerator
- to the glacier or cellar, instead of
to equip a fan heater, then an equivalent replacement for a TV in the absence
electricians, alas, not yet. Electricity is our everything! Today we will find out how
install correctly
sockets and switches, and determine the appropriate installation height of sockets and switches in
living space.
Placement of outlets and
switches will depend on several factors:
- the purpose of the room itself;
- interior design;
- convenience of connecting electrical appliances;
- comfort and personal preferences for residents.
The basic rule for the installation of electrical appliances and equipment -
this is full compliance with safety requirements and compliance
electrical safety standards.
For our country
characteristically placement of sockets on
height from 50 to 100 cm from the floor. Recently, it has become fashionable to produce
layout of sockets in accordance with European standards and install sockets on
height 30 cm from the floor. Such skirting sockets have swivel plates,
which, under the action of a spring mechanism, immediately close the outlet of the socket,
as soon as the plug is removed from it.
Actually, at
electrical wiring, the basic rule is practicality and convenience when
on-off electrical equipment, installation of sockets and switches, their number and
height is a matter of taste for homeowners, but still there are a couple of nuances.
For example, near
computer or desk
it is better to place the electrical outlet just above the tabletop, at a level of 80 cm from
floor level. In the working area of the kitchen, the optimal mounting height of the socket is slightly
above a meter - from 110 to 140 cm. For a bathroom, for safety reasons, the installation height of sockets and switches can be no lower than 180 cm from the floor. It should be said that the rules
electrical safety, it is not recommended to install sockets in rooms with
high humidity - bathrooms and toilets, showers. Socket for
it is advisable to take the washing machine out into the corridor.
When placing switches you can too
be guided by two standards - Russian,
with a height of 150 cm from floor level, and European, with a height from 50 to 80
cm.
For switches too
have their own requirements. The most convenient is the location of the switch on
the level of the hand of the lowered hand of an adult, it is somewhere 70-80 cm from the floor. But
if there are small children in the house, then the electrical safety rules assume that
so that the installation of outlets and
switches was at the maximum safe height - for switches not
below 180 cm, and the sockets require special plugs or sockets with swivel
plates. Experienced craftsmen advise in the kitchen to install a switch at the level
shoulder. In the bedroom, the switches can be duplicated and placed near the bed
at a height of 75 cm.
According to
building codes, for every 6 - 10 m of living space should be installed
at least one outlet. These norms also apply to corridor spaces. The height of installation of sockets and switches in corridors is not regulated: here the main principle is convenience.
For dashboard with
electric meter has its own standards.In most cases, it is located near the front door, on
height 150-170 cm from floor level.
In a modern kitchen
regardless of its size, there must be at least two outlets. So written in
construction documents. In fact, even these two will be clearly not enough.
Therefore, immediately install a separate outlet for each household appliance:
refrigerator, freezer, dishwasher, stove, microwave,
teapot. You can make several available outlets for a mixer, coffee grinder,
kettle on the kitchen apron.
Strongly not
installation recommended
sockets and switches in an area of high humidity - in the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe sink and
cookers, as well as behind built-in household appliances and drawers, i.e. there,
where they are difficult to access. It should be noted that the installation of the socket is carried out on
a distance of at least 50 cm from the gas pipe, water pipe system,
central heating batteries, electric stove, sink.
According to the rules
electrical installations height
the installation of sockets and switches should be convenient for the connected
to them household electrical appliances. Multiple wall outlets can be installed
on special non-flammable skirting boards. The number of outlets is taken from the calculation
free area, which is located in front of the outlet. If before
socket of free area less than 75 cm, then it is recommended to position the socket
at a height of 40 to 125 cm.If the free space is 120 cm,
Then you can install the sockets at the level of 22.5 - 135 cm from the floor. Summarizing all of the above, we conclude that
that the average figure for installing an outlet in a general-purpose room is 30-40 cm,
and the most acceptable height for placing switches is 80-90 cm.
When arises
the need to replace or transfer the socket, the installation of sockets and switches requires the work of a specialist.
Unauthorized repairs are only possible with the appropriate knowledge in the field
electrical safety.