Foreign words that we consider Russian. Is the Russian language turning into a language without Russian words? "Well, you bastard!"

One of the famous supporters of replacing borrowed words with Russian was Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl.

Here are some of his words, which, unfortunately or fortunately, did not take root in our language:

atmosphere— myrocell
horizon — sky
address— sending
pince-nez — snout
egoist— self-employed

And here are 22 more words that have a replacement in Russian

This list is not perfect and is just an example.

polyclinic- polyzdravnitsa
show- spectacle
chair- saddle
boutique- shop
accountant- accountant
foreign- foreign
interesting- amusing
the guest- alien, alien
troll- throw manure over the fan
resonance- echo

potential- possible
applause- applause
argument- argument
contest- competition
competitor- rival
sniper- accurate shooter
stayer- long distance runner
sprinter- short distance runner
safe- fireproof cabinet
goalkeeper- goalkeeper
interpretation- interpretation, explanation
tolerance- tolerance

"Well, you bastard!"

What funny words can replace the word "gadgets"?

Tekhnoshtuchki, bells and whistles, electric helpers, helpers, self-thought, dummies, clever pieces, facilitators, zatebyashki.

How to learn to recognize a borrowed specific word or not?

7 signs that will help determine if the word is "not ours"

There are signs by which you can determine whether a word is a foreign language.
1. The initial letter "a" almost always indicates the foreign origin of the word. For example: lampshade, scarlet, army, profile, diamond, pharmacy, august, astra, agent, aria, aviation. The initial letter "a" in Russian words is a rarity. These are the words: ah, ah, aha, gasp, backfire.

2. If the letter "e" is present. For example: era, era, floor, evolution, canoe, effect, ethics, aloe, mayor, peer, echo, element. In Russian words, the letter "e" is rarely found: eh, eh, this, this, that's why.

3. If the word contains the letter "f" - another bright foreign language feature. With the exception of a few interjections and onomatopoeic words (phew, fi, phew, snort), words with "f" are borrowed: coffee, photographer, February, fact, lantern, graphics, uniform, spacesuit, film, decanter, fountain and others.

4. If there are combinations "ke / ge / he", then the word is borrowed. For example: rocket, cedar, skeleton, coat of arms, sneakers, hairdresser, orchestra, package, trachea, hero, helium, agent. At the junction of stems and endings "ge / ke / he" are also found in non-borrowed words: hand, sand, south, road, ravine - indirect cases.

5. If there is a neighborhood of two or more vowels in the roots of words, the so-called gaps. For example: poet, cocoa, out, diet, bag, guard, halo, theater, duel. But such combinations are also possible in the Russian language: science, ignoramus, teach, cry.

6 . If there are combinations "pu / bu / vu / kyu / su". Puree, banknote, carburetor, bust, bulletin, debut, engraving, ditch, communiqué, engraving, bureau - these words are borrowed.

7. If the word begins with "j": jumper, jazz, jam, joule, gentleman, joker. These words are borrowed from the English language.

What word can replace the word in the picture below?

Leave your options in the comments to this article. The answer will appear at 13:00 on May 27, 2014.

Composition according to the text:

The famous Russian linguist V.V. Kolesov reflects on the fate of foreign words in Russian. Why do some words "take root", are included in the vocabulary of the language, while others disappear soon after they appear?

The author develops his idea on the example of the word "intelligent" - foreign for the Russian language. He notes that this word has become a replacement for the lost Old Russian words and images in new historical conditions and has combined concepts that are important for people: "kind", "smart", "moral". V. Kolesov notes that the people themselves included in the concept of "intelligent" positive qualities - "not an oghalnik", "not a talker", "not a drunkard."

The main idea of ​​the text is that foreign words are strengthened in the Russian language if they meet any important needs of people.

Let us turn to literary examples confirming the stated idea. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" the author uses a lot of foreign words: "pantaloons, tailcoat, vest - all these words are not in Russian." Meanwhile, they are actively used by people. The fashion dictated by Europe is accepted by Russia, and the words denoting the corresponding concepts enter the language and live in it.

The protagonist of the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" Yevgeny Bazarov said that such foreign words as "constitution", "liberalism", "progress", "the Russian people do not need it for nothing." However, he was wrong. Society was developing, and new social phenomena needed to be designated with new words. Today we can no longer live without a "constitution", "liberalism" and "progress".

In conclusion, we emphasize that if a foreign word meets a social need, if people need it, it is included in the Russian language and takes its place in its vocabulary.

V.V. Kolesov's text:

(1) The 17-volume academic dictionary says about the word intelligent: mentally developed, educated, cultured. (2) Here are three features that seem to incorporate the three previous words and the related concepts of all three levels at once: culture is only a particular sign of intelligence. (3) These words are nevertheless connected with each other by some mysterious threads: educated, cultured, intelligent. (4) Why, there was also some need for social life, so that the concepts of all shades of personality, invading Russian reality, were established in it and finally formed a term. (5) Life has changed radically in a hundred years, and a new term has become inevitable.

(6) But there were people, uncivilized, unintelligent, who from the doorway wanted to cancel: other people's words, to prohibit - both them and the concepts hidden behind them, to stop the living flow

social thought, inquisitively making its way through the rubble of words, expressions and confusing magazine articles.
(7) Why was it possible to take root in other people's words? (8) And why did not all of them survive?
(9) Yes, because in Russian words, indigenous and ancient, a special attitude of the Russian

a person both to the clever and to the kind - to the people's defender. (10) No borrowed word, be it the most beautiful and accurate, will not lie on the soul, will not respond to its root meaning until it passes through fire and water of decisive social tests.

(11) Judge for yourself how selective the Russian language is. (12) Civilized is an understandable word, but rarely used. (13) Cultural and intelligent - we use it very often.

(14) In its content, this term has absorbed the original Russian tradition - to designate an intelligent person, evaluating him from the moral point of view. (15) Not just smart - kind. (16) In the cleverness, our ancestors first of all appreciated the ability to mental impulse, the spiritual essence of knowledge, the requirements for which were constantly increasing, becoming more and more complicated over time. (17) Mind and knowledge are two-valued. (18) He can be both evil and good, but a good mind is valuable to a person. (19) It turns out that the popular idea of ​​the good and the smart has imperceptibly entered the concept of the Russian intellectual.

(20) The word intelligent has become a kind of replacement for Old Russian words and images in new historical conditions. (21) Popular consciousness slowly, but irrevocably filled it with its own special content, which was not found in any other language. (22) Little intelligence - kindness is needed, spiritual delicacy. (23) This is the Russian idea of ​​an intelligent person. (24) “We are racking our brains, what is he like, an intelligent person? (25) And his image was created long ago by the people themselves. (26) Only he calls him - a good man. (27) An intelligent person. (28) Respectful. (29) Not a bastard, not a drunkard. (30) Cleanliness. (31) Do not talk. (32) Not a gag. (33) Worker. (34) Master. " (35) This is what Vasily Shukshin says, and he speaks correctly. (H6) The artist's intuition told him the historical truth, because the historian can only confirm the truth of these words. (37) “To begin with,” Shukshin added, “this phenomenon - an intelligent person - is rare. (38) This is a troubled conscience, mind, complete absence of voice, when it is required - for consonance - to "sing along" to the mighty bass of this mighty world, bitter discord with oneself because of the accursed question "what is truth?", Dignity ... (39) And - compassion for the fate of the people. (40) Inevitable, painful. (41) If all this is in one person - he is an intellectual. "

(According to V.V. Kolesov)

What is "copy-paste"
"Hulkenberg (on Lenta.Ru copy-and-paste is prohibited, but I honestly copy his surname)." Lenta.ru
"At the press conference, Gutenberg was asked if he perceives freedom on the Internet as 'copy-paste for everyone'." Lenta.ru
Publishing House Kommersant filed a lawsuit against the Israeli newspaper Vesti in connection with copyright infringement. International precedent is needed to solve the copy-paste problem. "We do not expect to make money, rather we want to achieve an educational effect ... We decided to fight against copy-paste and intend to put the process on a grand scale." Newspaper.ru
"Most infotainment sites are 20 to 80 percent copy-paste." Techservice

Copy-paste, copy-paste, copy-paste (English copy - copy and paste - paste) - the use by mechanical copying of information from other people's web resources on their web pages.

Formally, these words are not a borrowing, but rather a neologism based on borrowed words. If I am not mistaken, there is no word "copypaste" in the Anglo-American language.
The etymology of this word, as you understand, stems from the peculiarities of the process of transferring informational or illustrative computer material from one place to another (file, storage medium, etc.). Before the era of computer preparation of information, there was a single and indivisible transfer process - copying or reproduction of the original. But on a computer, this process turned out to be split into two parts: copying to some internal system buffer and then pasting (paste) what was copied to the specified location. Since the programs for processing computer information were originally in English, so it happened: copy-paste. And this feature of working on a computer hurt users so much that they began to replace the word meaning the result - copying, with a word representing the process - copy-paste (copy-paste).
But copy-paste, in contrast to the neutral word "copy", is often used with implication of special meanings. Words meaning these meanings have been in the language for a long time - these are quotations and plagiarism.

Copying (from Latin copia - set) is the process of making a copy, that is, reproducing an object, process, phenomenon, information.
A quotation (from lat. Cito - I call, I bring) is a literal excerpt from any work, taken in "quotation marks" (explicit or implicit) and, if possible, provided with a link to the work or the author.
Plagiarism is the borrowing, in whole or in part, of someone else's works without indicating the source of borrowing, and in such a way (intentionally or unintentionally) that the consumer of information does not doubt that the authorship does not belong to the author of the final work.
The word “copy-paste” (for now), being taken out of context, does not allow us to define these shades: it is a quote or plagiarism. And thus, unlike other borrowings and neologisms, it does not specify the words available in the Russian language, but, as it were, introduces a general concept for the words "quote" and "plagiarism".

One of the features that is attributed to copy-paste - the resulting copy-paste text usually contains logical jumps and dips at the borders of quotations - has also been known for a long time and without the word "copy-paste". For example: “... the phenomenon of borrowing [text fragments] acquired anecdotal forms when borrowing from the Yuzhakov encyclopedia of 1896 and the TSE of 1926 was mixed:“ The Tatev monastery is located in the village of Tatev. To this day it is a large cultural center with a university, scriptorium and library. Abolished in 1917 " Russian Wikipedia

So, there would be no need for this word "copy-paste". It does not give anything to our language, especially if it begins to supplant the words "copying", "quoting" and "plagiarism".

The number of foreign words in everyday speech is increasing exponentially from year to year. It is frustrating that equivalent words at the same time exist in the Russian language and are used less and less. The situation is aggravated thanks to the mass media, as well as the policy pursued by the ministries and departments of Russia in this direction. More and more often on TV screens we hear newly introduced words from the predominantly Germanic language group (mainly English), such as " manager", "campus", "shopping", "creativity", "digger"and other similar words. It is worth noting that presidents, prime ministers and other high-ranking officials set a bad example in the use of the aforementioned words.

Below is a list of foreign words with their equivalent meanings in Russian. The list is formed in alphabetical order. If there are any additions or want to discuss this article, you can leave your messages in a specially created topic on our forum.

About the list

The Russian language is deliberately littered, and the common people forgets that there are words of the same meaning in their native language. Therefore, the question "Where is this rich and powerful Russian language?" Comes to mind. We began to forget about the formation of words in our language. Where did this wealth come from in our language? This and other similar questions can be devoted to separate articles.

In some countries, special institutions are being created at the government level to preserve the primordial nature of the native language. For example, the population in France is very attentive and attentive to the language of their everyday communication. At the same time, it is interesting that the residents of the country, first of all, are concerned not with the effect obtained in response to the linguistic policy of official Paris, but with the problem of a possible gradual simplification of French, and, as a consequence, the impoverishment and degradation of its potential. On December 1, 1975, French President Valerie Giscard d'Estein signed a law to protect the French language from the invasion of English and any other language, and therefore foreign culture. Similar measures should be taken in Russia as well.

The purpose of this article is to write equivalent Russian words to English, German and others that have taken root in our daily use, as well as to mark with references to misuse of words by celebrities and high-ranking officials.

The following words are widely used by the media in Russia and in the speeches of famous people at a time when there are primordially Russian meanings. If there are no such words or expressions in the list, then everyone can add them to this list by first registering in Wikipedia.

A

• Authoritative - significant
• Alphabet - (came from Greek - ἀλφάβητος). The original word " alphabet"also has a place to be meaning" glagolitic".
• Emphasis - Equivalent emphasis.
• Emphasize - Pay attention.
• Analogy, Analogue, Analogue - (in English and French "analogue"). Has an equivalent meaning in Russian " similarity"or as an adjective" like" or " same".
• Annotation - (in English "annotation"). Equivalent meaning in Russian " content".
• Aristocracy (from the Greek language - αριστοκρατία). Equivalent word in Russian " know".

D

AND

TO

L

• Legitimate - (from English "legitimate") - primordially Russian equivalent meaning - " law".

M

• Market - (from English "market"). Equivalent value " market".
• Manager is the most frequently used word, from English it means " manager" / "manager" or " supervisor". Often used in phrases office manager - from English means" Secretary".
• Message - (from English "message") - this word is often used in the Russian media. Equivalent value " message".
• Method - (from the ancient Greek "μέθοδος" - the path of knowledge, in English "method") - means in Russian nothing else but " way".
• Moment - (from Latin, momentum - means a driving force, but has no independent meaning. In English, "moment" - means a short period of time) - an equivalent meaning in Russian " moment".
• Monitoring - (from the Latin word "monitor") - today this word is often used as the verb "monitor". Russian equivalent word " track", "track".

N

• Nickname or Nickname - (from English "nick" or "nickname") - it is best to say " nickname", "nickname" or " pseudonym".

O

• Okay - (from English "ok"). A common word in everyday life, while in the Russian language there are many equivalent meanings such as " OK", "OK", in other cases you can also say" Great", "agree", "goes", you can pick up a lot of words, but the use probably comes from the brevity of the English version.

NS

• Person - (from Latin "rrsōna", in English "person") - an equivalent meaning in Russian - " personality".
• Positive - (from English "positive"). Equivalent meaning in Russian " positive". May carry different meanings in different variations.
• Prolong (from English "prolong"). Not otherwise, as " prolong"in Russian. Used in relation to the renewal of any agreements.

R

• Reception - (from English "reception" -reception, accept) an equivalent word in Russian " reception"(most often in hotels).
• Real - (in English "real") means nothing but " valid".

WITH

• Synchronously - (from the English word "synchronously" - means "simultaneously", "at the same time").
• Selfie - (from the English word "self" - means "myself" or "myself"). This word began to spread widely in the meaning of "photographing oneself (or a group of people with oneself)". They could not think of anything how to take this word from the English language, then how can I express myself " self". It is quite understandable and in Russian.
• Sketch - (from English "scatch" -translated not otherwise than " sketch"). This term is widespread in the construction industry and architecture. It is interesting that in the Russian language there has long been an equivalent word" sketch", but in common people you can say" underpainting".
• Speechwriter - (from English "speech" -speech and "writer" -write) - a person who writes a speech for someone. Equivalent meaning can be the word " author" or " author of the text"This word is increasingly included in the vocabulary of central TV channels and magazines.
• Stagnation - (from Lat. Stagno - to make motionless) - an equivalent meaning in Russian " stop", "slow down"or as a noun" deceleration".
• Storage - (from English storage - storage, keep in stock) - equivalent value in Russian " storage".
• Soldier - (from Lat. "Soldus", "Solidus", in English "soldier") - a primordially Russian equivalent meaning " warrior", "warrior" or " howl".

T

• Tolerance - (from Latin tolerantia) the equivalent word in Russian " tolerance".
• Traffic - (from English "traffic" - movement). In Russian, this word began to be used mainly in two meanings. 1) In cases of describing the traffic situation on the roads - "heavy traffic" - when you can say nothing else but " congestion" or " loaded stream"(cars) or even simpler -" traffic jams". 2) In the technical meaning of the number of users who have visited this or that site -" high / low traffic ", when equivalent definitions can be said" high / low attendance"(site).
• Tradition - (from Lat. Language "traditio" - legend, in English "tradition"). Unambiguous meaning in Russian " custom".
• Trading - (from English "trade" - to trade). This word is used more and more often on the Internet. Equivalent meaning in Russian " trade".
• Tour - (from English "tour"). Equivalent value - " travel".

Have

• Weekend - (from English "weekend"). Literally means "end of the week", not otherwise than in Russian " weekend".
• Unique (from Latin "unicus", in English "unique"). Equivalent meaning in Russian " special", "exceptional", "unrepeatable".

F

• Fake - (from English "fake"). Equivalent meaning in Russian " fake".

NS

• Hobby - (from English "hobby") - equivalent meaning " enthusiasm".

NS

• Shopping - (from English "shop" -shop) - also means " purchase"or verb" to shop". On the signboard of one of the large stores in Moscow, there was an inscription" pleasant shopping "- one might say" pleasant shopping. "
• Show - (from English "show" -show) - equivalent meaning " showing", also used in the phrases" TV show "- with an equivalent meaning" telecast" or " TV program".

NS

• Equivalent - (comes from the Latin word "aequivalens", in English "equivalent") - in Russian it means nothing else but " equivalence".
• Experiment - (comes from Latin "experīmentum", in English "experiment") - equivalent meanings in Russian - an experience, trial.
• Existential - (in English the verb "exsist") - an equivalent meaning " existing"

Conclusion

The list, as we can see, is quite impressive and other words will be gradually added to it. Dear readers, if you have additions to this article, other foreign ones with equivalent meanings, then leave your examples on

IS THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE TURNING INTO A LANGUAGE WITHOUT RUSSIAN WORDS?
(Or could A.S. Pushkin understand what a shampoo with conditioner is?)

The treasures of the native word, -
Important minds will notice
For someone else's babbling
We have neglected madly.
We love Muses of other people's toys,
Alien dialects rattles,
But we don't read our books ...
(A.S. Pushkin)

These reflections of A.S. Pushkin's speech about our native language today sounds as topical as possible and pose very important and pressing questions about the future of our language, since that insane disregard for the native word, which the poet speaks about, has not disappeared anywhere over the years separating us, but only multiplied in one hundred times. “Someone else’s babbling” has become something everyday, commonplace and from a desire to show off and somehow stand out has turned into an integral feature of our speech, and love for “other people's dialects of rattles” today acquires bloated, ridiculous outlines and is perceived as the presence of education. It is becoming more and more obvious that the deeper this "babbling" penetrates into our speech, the further we move away from the "treasures of the native word", and the more we break away from our native roots. But the roots of the language form its basis and are the essence and heart of the language. If a language breaks away from its roots, then can we talk about some kind of its development? And is this hobby for foreign tongues so harmless for our language, as they are trying to convince us? Many of our famous writers and cultural figures said that no, it was not harmless, but very harmful and threatened the existence of the Russian language as such.

I would like to draw attention to this issue of everyone who is not indifferent to the fate of the Russian language. After all, what we hear today defies any common sense and looks like some kind of game “Come on, surprise”. Viewing the news is puzzling. Sometimes it is difficult to understand the language of our ministers, journalists, TV presenters, scientists. I would like to ask these gentlemen: "For whom are you speaking all this, in what language?" If dictionaries of foreign words are required to understand this language, can such a language be called Russian and how can ordinary people understand this language? We turn on the TV, and within 24 hours a day we are told: "We are diversifying the economy, restructuring, monitoring, creating a venture fund, etc." Broadcasting is no better. We leave the house on the street, and here nothing changes: from all sides the names and signs are addressed to us not in Russian. Sometimes you think: “How could such names have occurred to the owners of these establishments? Are they aliens? " Here, any person may have a question: in what country does he live if he has only to guess about the meaning of the words he has heard and seen? How, for example, can we understand the message about the creation of "recreational zones", "recreational activities"? What is it about and what is hidden behind these foreign words? I looked into the English-Russian dictionary. It turned out that "recreational areas" are simply "places to stay." What happens to us if the word "rest" is already replaced by "recreation"? In general, our news is transmitted to all people or not? Someone should think about this?

But not only officials are able to surprise us with foreign-language novelties, people of art are also not lagging behind. They supplement our speech with various "installations", "performances" and "castings". The word “creativity” among “creative” people has turned into “creative” (English Creative) and, accordingly, the word “creative” - into “creative”. This can be understood if you look into the English-Russian dictionary. There were creators, creative directors, creative producers, etc. For example, I do not understand what is the need for the word "interactive" (eng. Interaction)? There is "interactive voting", "interactive poll", and "interactive dictionaries", it turns out, are. What do people using these words want to show? The fact that they were listeners of English programs and now, like little children, imitate foreign presenters in everything? Probably so? If we translate the word "interactive" from the English language, then it is "interacting". In "interactive voting" people just vote and that's it. Who interacts with whom? Unknown. One could say that it is an open, wide, direct, quick, general or public vote, and everyone would understand. Maybe the word "voting" will soon be replaced by "voting" from the English "voting"? After all, there is “casting” or “shopping”, let there be also “casting”. Someone will say: “What nonsense? It's okay, why listen to this nonsense? " But all this is not fiction, everyone can see it. I began to pay attention to what and how they say in our country. And he came to the conclusion that they had worked on the Russian language so much that soon it would be a stretch to call it Russian. Just like that. It turns out that we were deceived when they said that the great and mighty Russian language is very rich, flexible, diverse and beautiful? Were the great Russian writers wrong when they glorified the Russian language? If a language cannot produce anything new out of itself, but is forced to resort to foreign help, then what is its greatness? Or has the Russian language weakened, that it has become like a sick person or a cripple who needs support and crutches in the form of foreign words? But relying on crutches, you cannot gain dexterity and strength. Or is it just the opposite? Not the tongue weakened, but these crutches are something artificially imposed, hindering free movement and development? After all, if you consider this issue more carefully, it will become clear that the wealth of the Russian language has not disappeared anywhere, it has simply been forgotten a little. And if we turn to this wealth (the treasures of the language), it becomes clear that the Russian language can well do without outside support. Moreover, this outside support is something foreign and really turns into crutches. Thus, the Russian language can be compared with a person who has healthy powers, but "caring" doctors want to put him in a foreign carriage and constantly inject some injections with an incomprehensible name, from which only turbidity in his head, and the further, the more ... All these questions and comparisons are born from everyday observations. After all, the number of foreign words in our language is constantly increasing. Every now and then there are some new words that begin to walk through the pages of newspapers and in news releases. And we all have to guess and translate the next word that came into the head of some lover of other people's dialects. The native language gradually begins to lose its face, as it becomes not always understandable. How are we to be? Or should we sit down at the school desk with the whole country and start learning several foreign languages, or will we still love, respect and develop our native language? After all, we have enough words, and if necessary, we can create new words (all peoples are engaged in this, except for us today). But we are not talking about the creation of a new Russian word, our native Russian words are replaced by foreign ones. And such substitutions are considered a sign of good education. It happens that you have to hear whole sentences in which there is not a single Russian word. It seems that this state of affairs cannot be called a natural, progressive development of the language, since little remains of the language itself. In fact, the destruction of the Russian language is taking place and the creation on its basis of a new, artificial education, which can in no way be called Russian. This new artificial language will cut off the connection with our historical heritage, since the language of this heritage will gradually become incomprehensible to us and, therefore, become alien, dead. Someone will say that I am “exaggerating”, but I don’t think so. I will try to explain the essence of this conclusion using examples from everyday life.

Recently, in his speech, one of the ministers said that some citizens have “alarm” moods. I am writing as I heard. What are "alarm"? Where does this unknown word come from? I open the English dictionary, find "Alarm", which means "alarm". That is, the minister translated the Russian word "alarm" into English and read it in Russian. It turns out that the minister wanted to say: "Anxious moods." But why did he change the Russian word "disturbing" to the incomprehensible "alarm"? What is the point of such a replacement? Doesn't he care if the audience understands him or not? I find no reasonable explanation. Such substitutions of Russian words can, of course, be perceived as a kind of scholarly or educated self-indulgence, but today we clearly see that such self-indulgence tends to accumulate in the language and can already influence the entire structure of the language. In general, pampering or playing with foreign words is common among our officials today. This has already become some kind of class sign, and you can make a certain list of words that are constantly present in the speech of our managers. So, if you carefully examine our language, you will see that it already consists of 40 percent of such substitutes as "alarm", and we are gradually switching from the Russian language to the artificial language. Some Russian word is taken and pulled out like a brick, and a substitute is put in its place. So you can disassemble the whole house brick by brick. Gradually, of course. A huge number of foreign words in our language are just as meaningless substitutes as "alarm" ones. It seems that the ministers know English better than Russian and, when they speak Russian, they think in English. In stock they have a lot of "untranslatable" words into Russian. It turns out from our ministers that the economy (Russian economy) cannot be diversified, multidirectional or reorganized in any way, it can only be “diversified” (English Diversify). The word “Realization” is also very fond of, which is actually perfectly translated into Russian, but Russian is not held in high esteem by our officials. I cannot explain why, while creating something new, our ministers do not want to call things in Russian words. It was no longer in their rules. But with the help of these foreign words, it is very convenient to obscure and hide the true state of affairs. He said an incomprehensible word, and immediately it seems that you are busy solving the most important issues.

Once I heard the word "pedal" from the mouth of a worker of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It became interesting to me to find out what it means. When searching for this word, the page opened in the following place: “Intention to innovation (with a permanent change in the criteria of novelty), which found expression in the pedal emphasis of the metaphor“ youth ”in modernism; accentuated anti-traditionalism (up to the postulation of the importance of militant outrageous, permanent revolt and turning breaks with the previous tradition). " This is just a common excerpt from the encyclopedia of postmodernism. But this little passage is indicative of today's times. This is such a weak example of the language of the future. What comes into your mind when you read this passage? Are you delighted with the enrichment of the Russian language with new foreign words? For whom are these encyclopedias written, if you understand what is written in them, is not given to everyone? Is this really the goal towards which the development of our language should go, and I just do not keep up with this development? Any sane person may have a question: "Is it Russian or not?" But the defenders of foreign words are on guard: “There is no need to interfere, everything will settle down and dissipate by itself. The language will cope with everything on its own, there is no need to interfere with free development. " This is an ordinary lie, nothing happens in our world. And the enterprise needs leadership, otherwise it will burn out, and the farm requires supervision, otherwise it will fall apart, and you cannot harvest the necessary crop, and a child without attention may fall under the influence of a bad influence. And we are offered, like ostriches, to hide our heads in the sand. These people talk about free development and at the same time disdain the Russian language. How else to explain that they do not want to use the Russian vocabulary and happily grab everything else. It is honorable for them to use other people's reserves, but humiliating their own. As a rule, these people shout the loudest about freedom. They are sure in advance that nothing worthwhile can be created from their stocks and readily undertake to "mold" new words on the basis of other people's roots. They immediately remember about their favorite "wet shoes". For example, I can suggest a dozen words instead of "wet feet" - choose to taste, but even the "wet feet" themselves are no worse than the usual "sandals", "pliers", "flat feet", "turtlenecks", "machine guns" or "painting". Of course, it is not the most important thing now to discuss “wet shoes”, it is much more important to consider all those “innovations” that are pounding at our door and that have already accumulated with us for a long time. It's all about the amount of foreign language influence. But they say that “water wears away a stone,” and a cloud of cobwebs can kill a horse. It's like experimenting with chemistry. You take a vessel with a certain substance and start adding another substance to it drop by drop. When a certain ratio of substances is reached, a chemical transformation takes place, and the starting substances are no longer there. The solution changes color dramatically - there is another substance in the vessel. The same happens with the language, only the transformation is more extended in time. What at first seemed to be a useful enrichment, over time began to pour out not into enrichment, but into an offensive. It would seem that the language will become from two to three words? But foreign words began to consistently win back from the Russian language word by word. The offensive began to take place where the Russian language has its own very diverse choice of means for conveying the necessary meaning, and this choice is much richer and, most importantly, clearer than a foreign word. And in such cases, a foreign language word does not enrich our language, but replaces a whole set of expressive Russian words. If you put a foreign word where it can be said in Russian, then by this you contribute to the ousting of many native words from the language. This substitution occurs, as it were, imperceptibly. According to M.V. Lomonosov, foreign words "creep into us insensitively, distort the own beauty of our language, subject it to its ever-changing change and decline." Since any word has many uses in different life circumstances, then lovers of foreignism seize on this. This is a "magic wand" for them. They say that in some circumstances you can use the Russian word, and in others - a foreign one, so there is no substitute for the Russian word. For example, they may tell you that tolerance should be shown to the pranks of your children, but tolerance will no longer fit the views of other people, here you have to say “tolerance”, and they say that this is special tolerance, not that kind (the rationale for this feature can be very different ). So some literate will write out a word from someone else's dictionary, and after a while this word in the minds of our dreamers already acquires a special meaning.

But if a person has a fever and he is coughing, then our duty is to take care of him and help him, and not to say: "Yes, nothing will happen to you, you are strong, you will get out by yourself." Probably, we won't tell our own father that. But the consequences of past illnesses are not in vain, a person's health may remain undermined, although he still somehow walks and does something. This also applies to language. A person may not pay attention to his child, what he does and with whom he communicates, and think that everything will work out by itself, and then find out that his child has become a criminal. This is the price of imaginary freedom. There is something similar in the development of man and language. In both cases, we see that freedom without guardianship and care can lead not to development, but rather, on the contrary, to the destruction of this development. It is strange to believe that a barbaric attitude towards the vocabulary of any language can give this language anything useful. This can only lead to the disappearance of everything original and bright in the language. Which is what happens. The above words “pedal” and “permanent” do not mean anything for most of us, but once the words “realization”, “information” or “situation” were wild, and now we hear them every day. Maybe soon we will hear every day about the "pedaling" of questions or the "plurality" of development paths? After all, the seller in the market used to simply sell a product, but now he can say that he “sold” it. We hear about the "information" service every day in the news. Why not say "news service" when it delivers the news? We used to say: "I got into an unpleasant situation, the situation in the city is calm, in the given circumstances." And for any Russian person here everything is extremely clear and understandable. Now the words "position", "situation" and "circumstances" are replaced by a foreign "situation" (English Situation, French Situation from Latin Situatio - position). Where did this word come from? This is just a translation of the Russian "position" into English, it was pulled out of a foreign language and began to be used instead of Russian words. Initially, someone's whim was widespread. Those who want to turn our language into a multilingual porridge can be found already in the 18th century. In Sumarokov you can read: “It was said to me that once a German woman in the Moscow German settlement used to say: Mein husband, kam home, stieg over the fence und fiel ins dirt. It's funny; Yes, and it's funny: I am in distraction and despere; My amanta has made me infidelit; and I will revange in good time against Rival. " This does not remind you of today's "castings", "shopping", "monitoring", "interactive", "creatives", "losers", etc. But if then such wildness and eccentricity did not go beyond the palace living rooms and parties of high society, then today the situation is completely different. Television, radio and newspapers appeared. And from the mouths of TV presenters, various and all kinds of puzzles, curiosities and quirks are poured on us. One speaks foreign words to look educated and modern, the second in imitation of the first, the third, in order to keep up with the first and the second, the fourth thinks that this is how it should be. And so all this whirlwind went. And then you look, and we no longer remember how to say in Russian, since foreign language phrases become certain bundles and seals in our minds. You start to look closely at your native language and see that the once independent and beautiful language is turning into some kind of fancy stucco molding, glued together from pieces of different languages. A simple question arises: "What, instead of our native language, do they want to mold something like the creation of Dr. Frankenstein or Dr. Morro?"

One woman asked me: "Can you please tell me what an inauguration is?" I explained how I understand this word. She asked another question, which I could have asked: "Why don't they speak Russian, because half of them are incomprehensible?" But everything can be said in Russian. These substitutes accumulated at first gradually, then like a snowball. Scientists are now telling us that the Russian language borrowed a lot of words from other languages. This is such a general, vague conclusion. In fact, today it is clearly visible that the Russian language was so “enriched” with foreign words that soon there will be no place for native Russian words in our language. But how does this borrowing take place in reality, in each individual case? By itself, the language does not borrow anything, people do everything. How, for example, did we get the word "administration"? After all, it cannot be said that before that we did not have any state institutions. It is unlikely that this word was borrowed by the people in the course of communication with foreigners. It's actually pretty simple. Some individual official who has been abroad or is just an admirer of England or Germany, decided to call government agencies "administrations" overseas (perhaps there are better examples). It doesn't matter that we had our own Russian names, the main thing is that now it will be like theirs in Europe. After some time, we already see the word "administration" in the Russian dictionary. But the word "administration" is perfectly translated into Russian as "government" or "management". What is the need for "administration"? Now we have to hear that we are not engaged in "management" but "administration". Therefore, most of the foreign words appeared in our country not because of some need for these words, but because of the enthusiasm for the European order (some with servility) of certain representatives of power, science, the upper classes, "writing fraternity." There was indeed a lot to learn in Europe, but there is no need to call government or management "administration". In the same way, the word "mayor", "municipality", "department" and others appeared. It became somehow out of date to do the housework. The word "economy" was replaced by a foreign "economy" (eng. Economics). Quite another matter, now I’m not ashamed of the poor Russian language. "Public issues" was changed to "social (eng. Social) issues." But why? What's wrong with the native language? Many words have become familiar to us for a long time. Even now, when we speak, these substitute words first come to our minds, and only then, if we think well, we may remember the original Russian word. We have “natural” honey, “intensive” movement, “personal” responsibility, “complex” lunch, etc. mind say "absolute" or "stable" rather than "perfect", "unconditional" or "stable." Now they will not say “sustainable development”, but they will say “stable development”. We do not say now "especially" or "on purpose", we say "specially" (English Special). We do not “eliminate the consequences” of something, but carry out “liquidation of the consequences”. We say “proportional” instead of Russian “proportional”. The word "natural" in English is "Natural". And everything that is natural has become “natural”. Instead of “natural ingredients” we have everywhere “natural ingredients” (English Ingredient), “natural ingredients” (English Component), there is also a “natural concept of beauty”, etc. The word “surety” was replaced by a foreign “guarantee”. Everywhere we do not solve problems or questions, but problems (eng. Problem). The word "problem" has become one of the most used, it is inserted for any occasion. But this was not the case before. Also, any difficulty or trouble is also called a "problem". It turns out that the Russian words "question", "task", "trouble", "difficulty", "difficulty", "complexity" are replaced by one word - "problem". Is this enrichment of the language? The fewer words the better? It is not only obvious to me that the use of unnecessary foreign words greatly narrows and impoverishes a person's vocabulary of Russian words. It happens that one foreign word displaces a dozen Russian words from the language.

There are many examples of substitutes for Russian words. There are thousands of them. These words are now familiar to everyone, they are everywhere, but after all, they were once a wonder, as now, for example, the word "alarm". Future generations will not remember Russian words at all (after all, they look into a computer, not books). These words can be found in dictionaries marked with (obsolete) or (obsolete). These substitutes are formed very simply. Let me give you an example. There is a Russian word "real" or "real", in English "Real". We read "Real" letter by letter and add the Russian ending, we get a new word - "real". The substitute is ready, it was "real", it became "real". Now, for example, no one will say "real event", but they will say "real event". There is no point in this replacement, it has not enriched the Russian language in any way. This is one small brick that took the place of Russian words. And what do we have now? Doctors have a real effect, the president has real candidates, bandits have real boys or real showdowns, etc. This word has long been introduced into our language, and we are well accustomed to it. B. Polevoy's "The Story of a Real Man" should be called in a new way "The Story of a Real Man". The same is with the word "special" or with the word "situation". In the dictionary of V.I. Dahl has neither "stability" nor "situation." This does not mean that then there was not what we today call "stability" or "situation", it was just that then it was called in Russian. The Russian word "presentation" is also falling out of use. He is nowhere to be heard. Instead, the English word "show" is everywhere. There are talk shows, reality shows, showmen, news show recently appeared. Shows are everywhere, even on Red Square there are grandiose shows. We are like monkeys, we want everything to be like "them". Older people do not know that a "talk show" in translation into Russian is a "colloquial performance", and one could say that it is a "phrasebook" or "interlocutor". In the same way, as with the word "real", the word "natural" is replaced by the word "natural", the word "important" - by the word "actual", the word "mental", "mental" - the word "intellectual", the word "legal", "legal" - the word "legal", the word "positive" - ​​the word "positive", the word "exclusive", " exquisite "- the word" exclusive "(English Exclusive), the word" universal "," world "- the word" universal "(English. Universal), the word" creative "- the word" creative "(English. Creative), the word “criminal” - the word “criminal” (English Criminal), the word “tolerant” - the word “tolerant” (English Tolerant), the word “intensified”, “tense” - by the word “intensive” (English. ), the word “destructive” - with the word “destructive” (eng. Destructive), the word “appropriate” - with the word “adequate” (eng. Adequate), the word “legalized” - with the word “legitimate” (eng. Legitimate), the word “effective "- the word" effective "(English Effective), the word" ridiculous "- the word" absurd "(English. Absurd), the word" secret "- the word" confidential ", the word" public "- the word" social "(English Social), the word" transparent "," clear "- the word" transparent ", the word" personal "- the word" personal ", the word" special "," special "- the word "special", the word "fixed" - the word "stationary", the word "exact" - the word "punctual", the word "oral" - the word "verbal" ( an ch. Verbal), the word “indifferent” - with the word “indifferent”, the word “expressive” - with the word “expressive”, the word “service” - with the word “official”, the word “ ordinary "- the word" trivial "(English Trivial), etc. Some of these words are derived from Latin, Greek or French. I used a simple English-Russian dictionary, but the essence remains the same. All these foreign words can be found in the dictionary of foreign words, which is getting thicker with each edition (the latest edition is striking in the number of new additions). What is the point of all these replacements? What are they for? What is the need for them? Do you like foreign languages? Okay, study them. But why make gibberish out of the native language? For example, I want to replace the word "passionate", for some reason I don't like it. I find the word "passionate", in English it is "Passionate". I get a new word - "passionate". This is how foreign substitutes for Russian words are created. This game is like "Come up with a new word." This game is constantly played by our scientists, ministers, journalists, etc. They also need to show their learning. Now in conversations I can say everywhere: "Yes, he is such a passionate person and very creative." I am sure that sooner or later "passionate" will appear in the dictionary of foreign words, or maybe it is already there. Is this Russian? The number of such substitutes is enormous. But why did we stop speaking Russian words and replace them with foreign ones? It’s even somehow incomprehensible how, in general, Russian people used to speak without these substitute words. How did they manage without “problems”, “situations”, “reality”, “information”, “stability”, “tolerance”, “adequacy”, “monitoring”, “managers”, “brokers”, “sponsors”, etc. etc.? Russian writers knew foreign languages, but they called Russian a great language. And many foreign writers admired the beauty of the Russian language. For example, Prosper Merimee, assessing the Russian language, said that the Russian language “... is the richest of the languages ​​of Europe. It is designed to express the finest shades. Endowed with amazing strength and conciseness, which is combined with clarity, he combines in one word several thoughts, which in another language would require a whole phrase. " But suddenly there was a shift in the minds of our people. Russian words fell out of favor, and they began to diligently uproot them, replacing them with various "Latinisms", "Gallicisms", "Germanisms", etc. ...

In addition, all words ending in - "tion" or - "ism" are also artificially created substitutes. These words never came from the people, the people never knew such words. Words ending in nation are substitutes for Russian nouns or new words created on the basis of foreign ones. They have nothing to do with the Russian language. Most often, the "dead" Latin language is used to create new words. But what do we care about the Latin language or the fact that someone somewhere uses Latin words in their language? After all, we have Russian words equivalent in meaning. Why change them to Latin ones? To be like everyone else? Perhaps the Latin language is justified in scientific, philosophical or medical literature, but why drag it into an ordinary, everyday language? The resulting newly formed words are artificially introduced and continue to be introduced into our language. In Parliament, we have Fractions, Coalitions, Ratification, Session, Opposition, etc. Deputies hold plenary sessions. Sitting in Russian, in full force, is somehow frivolous. For example, now you constantly hear: "Liberalization, monetization, devaluation, modernization, innovation, diversification, consolidation, integration, trend, etc." What language are these words from? Did the people invent them, or were they created on the basis of Russian words? Or is it impossible for the Russian language to do without these words? To understand the meaning of these words, you need to look into your favorite dictionary of foreign words, which has a translation into Russian. But this is rather strange. Why, living in Russia, on Russian soil, should we look for a translation into Russian, instead of just speaking Russian? Now they say: "It is necessary to modernize the equipment." Why not say in Russian that the equipment needs updating? Or here's another example. Everywhere we hear the expression: "The introduction of innovative technologies." It can be translated into Russian as the introduction of new or updated developments. It would be clear to everyone, even to any grandmother in a remote village. The Russian word "information" or "message" was replaced by the word "information". I remember that they used to say “there is information”, but not “there is information”. Previously, the Russian people were "informed", now they will be "informed." Previously, there was a "situation", now everywhere - a "situation" (English Situation). But "Situation" in translation into Russian is the "position". We say "inflation", but in our minds we understand that we are talking about a rise in price, so why don't we immediately say "rise in price"? Examples are endless. For some reason, the transfer of dacha plots to private ownership was called “dacha amnesty”. Why amnesty? Now they give out a mortgage loan for buying a home, but in Russian it is just a housing loan. Many foreign words, if you know their translation, are easily replaced by Russian. Why is the word “restoration” worse than “rehabilitation”, the word “compensation” is worse than “compensation” or “supervision”, “verification” is worse than the word “inspection”? If we carry out the unification or strengthening of something, then they say that they are carrying out "consolidation" (Eng. Consolidation). For some reason, such a simple action as showing an event on television was called “translation”, which in Russian means “translation”. Each of us can make up his own understanding, idea or concept of some event or action, in a new way - it means to have a "concept" (English Conception). Each product comes with an "instruction manual", but in Russian these are "rules of use". There is also a certificate of quality, which in Russian means "certificate" or "certificate" of quality. But some did not like the Russian words. Well, just some kind of nonsense! It would seem that it is easier to say "transportation of goods", but we say "transportation of goods". The word "transport" was dragged into our language unnecessarily. The literal translation of the word “transport” means “transportation” or “transportation”, therefore, “transportation services” are “transportation services” or “transportation services”, and “vehicles” are “means of transportation” or “means of transportation”. The loud expression “the presumption of innocence” in translation turns out to be just “the assumption of innocence”, but it probably sounds somehow not cool. We hear everywhere about the wear and tear of communications. What is communication? Communication (English) in translation into Russian is a message, a means of communication, communication. That is, if we are talking about economic communications, then in Russian it will be - economic communications, economic communications, as there are railway communications, or you can talk about construction communications, construction networks, etc. Many of us had to fill in income tax return. Declaration (English Declaration) translated into Russian is a statement, an announcement. Can't we fill out an income statement? Why is the Russian word “declaration” worse than the foreign word “declaration”? And so everywhere and in everything. Is there nothing in the Russian language to replace the word "liquidation" or the word "evacuation"? There is a feeling that the desire to change Russian words for foreign ones has turned into some kind of obsession, mental illness, people are obsessed with the idea of ​​constantly replacing something in their native language. It seems to them that by using the words "concept", "innovation", "consolidation", etc., they become, or at least look, smarter, more significant.

In prison, prisoners have their own "thug" language, their own jargon, and if you listen to the conversation of the "prisoners", you will not understand much. In the same way, if a man of the 19th century got into our time and listened to the news, he would be very surprised. What language do they speak? Or, seeing the sign “Service Center” on the street, he would not understand that it was “Service Center”. He doesn’t know that the word “service” is being replaced by “service”. And the owners of these centers themselves do not know what the word "service" means, because they write: "Service". It is the same as "butter oil". But, in addition to prison jargon, we also have scientific vocabulary, medical vocabulary, economic vocabulary. All this vocabulary is completely unjustifiably filled with foreign words that have nothing to do with the subject of scientific study, or are used where the Russian language could perfectly give the necessary description. If scientists pulled the Russian language into science, it would be understandable. But here you will rather see the work in the opposite direction - Russian words are replaced by foreign ones. Therefore, the question arises: how is a prisoner who speaks in prison jargon "malava" instead of "letter" worse than a scientist who says "prolongation" instead of "prolongation"? Both the one and the other replace Russian words with words that are understandable in their environment of communication. Here we can mention our great ascetic in the development and protection of the Russian language M.V. Lomonosov. In contrast to today's scientists M.V. Lomonosov, who knew Latin and European languages ​​perfectly, was diligently engaged in the development of the Russian scientific vocabulary. Thanks to his works, many Russian concepts and expressions were introduced into the scientific language and received general use: experience, observation, phenomenon, particles, pendulum, drawing, plane, mine, pump, acid, refraction of rays, balance of bodies, etc. He himself made translations of scientific concepts into Russian and created new capacious words for a clear and accurate expression of scientific thought. In Russian, Lomonosov saw "natural abundance, beauty and strength ...", which are not inferior to any of the European languages. He constantly spoke about the perniciousness and harmfulness of contamination of the Russian language with foreign words and sought to make the scientific language accurate, clear, accessible and understandable to any person. In this he saw the guarantee of a faster and more successful development of sciences in Russia. Today, when reading modern encyclopedias, one gets the feeling that scientists, on the contrary, deliberately strive to encrypt their writings as much as possible so that no one understands what they are doing. Speaking in the language of these encyclopedias, we can say that their language is a kind of obsessive "pedalized" display of knowledge of Latin and other languages. Although already in the 18th - 19th century. substitutes for Russian words came into circulation, but there were still a few of them and this did not cause much concern for most people (after all, then there was no television, and new words were introduced much more slowly). But there was a lively debate about the introduction of foreign words into our language. VG Belinsky was not an opponent of foreign words, but I accidentally came across a remark from him: “And we will say for the first time that using a foreign word when there is a Russian word equivalent to it means offending both common sense and common taste. So, for example, nothing could be more absurd and wild than the use of the word "exaggerate" instead of "exaggerate." Now such savagery is pouring in a continuous stream from the lips of the president, and from the lips of officials, and from the lips of journalists, and from the lips of news anchors. Now some school teacher says that students should have "authentic speech", then some academician says about the "Scientifical worldview." I have a feeling that some of our scientists have forgotten the Russian language in general and communicate in one language they can only understand. Our great writers also used such words "for the sake of a catchphrase". If they only knew what dimensions this hobby for foreign words would later take on. It would terrify them. It is curious that foreigners pronounce these words in a completely different way, they don’t spell them like our clever people, they have a completely different pronunciation. Therefore, these artificial words are also poorly understood for them, or not at all.

When and how it all started is difficult to say. Perhaps because they replaced our original names of the months with foreign ones, in order to be closer to Europe. Peter 1 pulled Russia to Europe, he also pulled foreign words into the Russian language. Wild, bearded Russia met with civilized Europe. There was a desire to bring our "wild" language closer to civilization or to bring civilization together with foreign words. The use of foreign words has become a sign of education and commitment to European development. Foreign names and words appeared everywhere: the names of military posts, the names of government officials, the names of government papers, etc. In my opinion, this is not a sign of education, but a sign of servility. We kind of want to say: "We bow before you so much that even your words are embedded in our language." But if we ourselves do not respect our language, then there is nothing to respect us. Even Peter I named his city in a European way. There was a time when the entire higher Russian society switched to French. This has not happened anywhere else in the world. The native Russian language was considered a servile, muzhik, the language of the lower class. Why take care of him? In general, all the changes and innovations in our language did not come from the people, but from the so-called educated, scientific strata, who decided what should be removed and what should be introduced into the Russian language. Our scientists strive to name everything Russian not in Russian. Their phenomenon is a “phenomenon” (English Phenomenon), predominance is “dominance” (English Dominant), accumulation is “accumulation”, adaptation is “adaptation”, etc. They pull all such words into everyday speech, turning our language into a linguistic mixture. Back in the USSR, our scientists, together with the ministers, adopted the "Rules of Russian Orthography and Punctuation". The rules are Russian, but they did not want to name them in Russian. And it would sound like this: "The rules of Russian spelling and the placement of punctuation marks." And so in everything. Take any book about the Russian language. The language of this book will be full of foreign words. It turns out that the Russian language is unable to describe itself in Russian? Are science and the Russian language incompatible? To be honest, I do not see any concern in our scientists about the preservation of the Russian language. Hundreds of poods of all kinds of scientific work are being written, but we need at least someone to come up and give us Russian names on the "world wide web", instead of different "blogs", "banners", "hosting", "relevance", etc. ... In fact, it is not difficult to give Russian names on the "network", you just have to want to, but someone clearly wants our youth to forget Russian and communicate in some kind of jargon. Moreover, they will continue to prove to you that this is an irreversible course of history and this is our development. They break our language, but we somehow everything is quiet and calm.

I understand that in every language there are borrowed words from other languages, you can't get away from this. But it's one thing when they are borrowed, and another thing when native words are replaced with foreign ones. In any borrowing, a reasonable approach must be followed (in this sentence, it makes no sense to replace “reasonable” with foreign “rational”). We do not have to talk about a reasonable approach, according to many people, everything should happen by itself. In this case, our language becomes a hostage to anyone's whim. But a sensible approach is quite possible. If some foreign word carries a meaning for the expression of which the Russian language has not yet developed its own word, then, probably, such a borrowing can be considered and, if necessary, accepted. For example, for the word "machine" (from Lat. Machina) there was no equivalent Russian word. But the Russianized word "machine" is quite consonant with the Russian language (in the first cars there was something waving and waving, and these are already Russian words). There are many similar examples. The people, as a rule, borrowed words that they did not know how to translate into their native language, and never renounced native words for the sake of foreign ones. Therefore, these folk borrowings did not do much harm to the language. But if the Russian language has the ability to create a new Russian word to replace an incomprehensible foreign name, then why not use it? After all, if we create new Russian words, then by doing this we preserve the face of the language, its identity with itself and show its flexibility, richness and diversity. For example, if instead of “creating a transport infrastructure” you say “carry out road construction”, wouldn't that be clear? After all, the refrigerator was not invented by us, but after all, it is better than a refrigerator. Or should we surround ourselves with a bunch of words that do not speak to us, and consider our language incapable of creating something new? Since ancient times, our people have been engaged in word-creation and the development of new concepts and expressions, drawing from the native roots that were left to him by his ancestors.

In fact, all these foreign-language words, which are widely used today to create the appearance of education and give their words a shade of science, have nothing special under them. After all, they were invented by ordinary people, not celestials. If you approach a foreign language without “rose-colored glasses” and without “sacred awe,” then everything immediately falls into place. It turns out that the native language is not worse, but in some ways better and richer, and it is quite possible to translate a foreign word into Russian - there would be a desire. Well, if you translate even the word "inauguration" into Russian, it will be clear to everyone and you won't have to break the language. Why is it impossible to translate into Russian such words as administration, opposition, coalition, amnesty, prefecture, department, deputy, etc.? What is so special about these words that they cannot be translated into Russian? In fact, nothing. In ancient times, words were borrowed when different peoples lived on the borderlands and traded with each other. There was continuous communication in different languages. Unfamiliar, new things appeared. The names were adopted by ear. Something stuck, some didn't. But I do not remember that the Russians lived with the British or French on the same land, we also did not have common borders. Then it is not clear why words on a foreign basis are present in our language in such a huge number and continue to come again? When you see all these language replacements and their number, you begin to think that war has been declared on the Russian language and that there is a hunt for Russian words. Could it have occurred to an ordinary person, who is of sound mind and reason, to change the Russian word "tolerance" for "tolerance", "pardon" for "amnesty" or "interpretation" for "interpretation"? Anyone would say, "Why?" Someone will say that everything is fine, that this is a vain concern, every language develops, etc. Replacing native Russian, native words with artificially created ones - is this development? Is this the development of the language? In my opinion, this is murder. It's like they would tell you that your own mother is no longer a mother, but a "mutter", and a father is now not a father, but a "vater". I understand development as the creation of new words based on native Russian words using Russian roots. After all, such words were created as industry, helicopter, airplane, machine gun, outlook, vacuum cleaner, refrigerator, screwdriver, pliers, engine, clutch, handle, injection, driver, train, pilot, turntable, amplifier, loudspeaker, art critic, researcher, naturalist , painting, etc. Recently in the "network" I came across such a representation of the dictionary of the Russian language by V.I. Dahl: “Interpreting this or that word, V.I. Dahl selects many synonyms, testifying to the exceptional richness of the Russian language, its flexibility and expressiveness, he shows the boundless derivational possibilities of the Russian language. " But for some reason, we took the path of creating new words not on the basis of Russian roots (after all, the writers said that our language is very rich and flexible), but on the basis of foreign words. For example, they came up with the word "adjust". They took the English Regular as a basis - correct. But you could have come up with something Russian. We have the words: customize, direct, fix, install, arrange, straighten, etc. Why is Regular better? Also, from the same word, the traffic controller turned out. What kind of traffic controller is he? In Russian, he is rather a guide: after all, he directs the streams of traffic on the street. We all hear about utilities all the time. I asked my mother: "Explain what is communal?" She picked up her words for a long time, said something about services, but she didn’t really answer. In fact, communal (English Communal) in translation into Russian - communal, common. This is probably the legacy left by the Bolsheviks, who created communes - communist communities. That is, a communal economy is simply a common economy or a communal economy. Kommunalka is a "community" or "public". What is infrastructure? Are there really no Russian words to explain the meaning of this concept? The literal translation of the word "infrastructure" is as follows - (from Lat. Infra - below, under and structura - structure). Therefore, we can say that infrastructure is an economic arrangement or a service economy. After all, in the old days they built a house, and they made arrangements around the house. It can be road infrastructure, trade arrangement, communication arrangement, educational arrangement, servicing arrangement, related arrangement, etc. We are like some kind of a tribe of gullible fools or taiga savages who are ready to give a hundred skins of furs for a brilliant trifle. They will tell us what words to say, and we, like “zombies”, repeat: “Tow truck, escalator, elevator, liquidator, transformer, etc.”. As if we don't have our own words? Again, it seems that the Russian language is considered poor, defective, unable to convey the meaning of the events taking place. The number of Russian words in our language is constantly decreasing, the number of artificial ones introduced is increasing. There is an artificial language Esperanto, deliberately created for international communication, our language will become the second artificial, only it will be for our use. From the Russian language, only endings, pronouns, adverbs and 10-15 percent of the remains of Russian words will remain in it. This is not an exaggeration. We must cherish every Russian word like the apple of our eye, this is the same heritage of our ancestors as temples, palaces, paintings, music, etc. The issue of preserving our language is a matter of self-respect, a matter of our dignity. Who are we? Either we will be proud of our great language and develop it, or we will, like some wild tribes, run after empty rattles. I recently read that a department has been set up in the Kremlin to support and preserve the Russian language abroad. In Russia, there will soon be nothing left of the Russian language; it must be rescued here. Our tongue turns into some kind of explosive mixture. Why is nobody paying attention to this? I saw on television how Russian people living in Australia speak Russian better than any of our minister. This is understandable, they speak English all day at work, and they cherish the Russian language for the soul, therefore each Russian word is dearer to them than any foreign one. Some believe that youth, street jargon poses a threat to the Russian language. This jargon, if any, does not arise from scratch, but on the same dominance of foreign words. Much more dangerous are educated gentlemen on TV screens - ministers, officials, journalists, anchors - who say instead of "an important issue" - "an urgent problem", instead of "stable" - "stable", instead of "appropriate" - "adequate ", Instead of" update "-" modernization ", instead of" innovation "-" innovation ", instead of" creativity "-" creative ", instead of" performance "-" show ", etc. Recently in the program" Cultural Revolution " one speaker, giving an assessment to something, repeated several times: "This is all 'trash'." Probably the English "trash" (trash). This is where the jargon comes from. In general, if you carefully consider all foreign words in the Russian language, you will see that in 95% of cases these words have an equivalent replacement from Russian words. But Russian words are supplanted from our speech, and some kind of "trash" comes to replace them. I heard that in France and other European countries, legislative measures are being taken to preserve their native language. This shows that for many European peoples, defending their language is not an idle undertaking or empty talk. They understand the value of the native word and take measures to preserve it. If someone believes that everything that is stated in my letter is delirium and stupidity of a narrow-minded, backward person, then let's turn to the experience of other countries. The experience of France, Finland, Iceland, the Czech Republic can give us a lot of useful things. There, concern about preserving the native language is not considered nonsense and stupidity. There are also some other linguists who do not think, as we do, that replacing native words with foreign words does not pose any danger to the language. I, of course, may be wrong in some particulars, but the essence is this: there is a gradual replacement of the Russian language with an artificial, fictional language. Either overplayed, or it is done on purpose. Some time will pass, and we will be told: “What is the Russian language? You see what is Russian in it? " Of course, there will be those who say that the Russian language is so huge and powerful that it will swallow, digest and assimilate any foreign words. He will swallow something, only it will no longer be Russian. For example, the president of the Institute of Russian Language and Literature. A.S. Pushkin, academician of the Russian Academy of Education Vitaly Kostomarov believes that everything is fine and the Russian language is not in danger. Apparently, the respected academician does not agree with A.P. Sumarokov, M.V. Lomonosov, A.S. Pushkin, I.S. Turgenev, L.N. Tolstoy. But today, our pundits can, to please inarticulate officials, accept new rules for the placement of stress in Russian words. Now, probably, in accordance with the level of knowledge of the Russian language by our officials, we can expect the appearance of new amendments or additions to the generally accepted rules of Russian speech.

With such an attitude towards the Russian language, one should not expect any concern for the purity of the Russian language. Such concern can only be found in the above-named Russian writers. A.P. Sumarokov begins his work "On the extermination of foreign words from the Russian language" with the words: "The perception of other people's words, and especially unnecessarily, is not enrichment, but damage to the language." In this work, already in the 18th century, he showed all the stupidity and criminality of using unnecessary foreign words. A.P. Sumarokov already in the 18th century believed that it was impossible to remain silent. Where are the Russian writers today? Why aren't the bells ringing? Maybe there are those who have a soul ache, but their voices are drowned out among other noise. And what can we, ordinary people, do if the academicians who are supposed to protect and preserve the Russian language (Turgenev called for this) are full of indifference and would rather bury the Russian language than lift a finger in its defense? What we can do? I think that getting into arguments with lovers of "foreignism" and proving something to them is a completely pointless exercise. Any undertaking will perish in these disputes. It is necessary to create a movement "in defense of the Russian language" and attract all concerned people to its ranks. This movement could be led by Russian writers who value their native language. It is necessary to create new Russian dictionaries in which translations into the real Russian language should be made. A.P. Sumarokov wrote: "We, by the nature and example of our ancestors, can quite produce our (our words) from the original words." Nobody does this here. This is a job for our linguists, to which the entire Russian community can be involved. Here you can also study foreign experience. You can pick up old Russian chronicles and letters. A lot of beautiful Russian words have been forgotten, they must be returned or used to create new words. These are just my thoughts, and people who are more educated in the field of linguistics will be able to present this work much clearer and more thoughtful. There is nothing eternal in our world. Languages ​​are also disappearing from the face of the earth. It is high time to save the Russian language. If now we do not start restoring the Russian language and start making translations of foreign words into Russian, then our language will gradually disappear. This is not an exaggeration. This can be seen at every step.

Here is what A.P. Sumarokov in the article "On the root words of the Russian language": "Why should we introduce foreign words, when we, by nature and following the example of our ancestors, can quite produce our own from the original words?" Foreign words will always be strange, and their signs are not so explanatory, and consequently they will introduce weakness and ugliness into our strong and beautiful language. And then it’s also weird when we call it, or also write it in foreign words, for which we have our exact names, and having an ancient and unmixed language, spoiling it, we introduce new and mixed words. German mingled with others, and the French was born in the Barbarian eyelids from Latin, Galskago and Nemetskago. It is even more strange to produce new words from the Russian language, giving them obscene pretexts, unusual endings, to change accents, and to produce words or an unusual property of a sign or contrary to nature, folded and in a new way, no sign of having a feather, except for the shadow of the beginning. Such words are useless for future use. They will be despised by the descendants, or spoil the language, and such a spark, if not exterminated by skillful writers, can destroy our entire language, which can be seen quite a few examples. From strangers and not to the point of newly created words, the Yellin and Latin languages ​​perished. Happiness only that they remained in the books, of which we still do not have many. It is not so surprising that these most worthy languages ​​perished in the nations; The barbarians struck them. And we, by nature and antiquity, our beautiful language, instead of leading it to perfection, we ourselves begin to spoil. I owe the French language with all its beauty to witty writers, but ours is beautiful by itself; and if poets and rhetors multiply with us, and moreover, in time the same as that of the French, an assembly is established for the correction and dissemination of the language, the writers of our descendants will be happy ”.

Kolesnikov Vladimir.

The next article, entitled "The Time of Troubles of the Russian Language", look at my page.