The homemade incubator can be made in several ways from the girlfriend. It will work not worse than the store analogue, but it turns out much more economical. Capacity is chosen based on personal needs, and the tray turning mechanism can be both manual and automatic.
At home, you can collect an incubator from:
- Polystyrene foam
- Tolstoy cardboard,
- Plywood sheets
- Washing machine
- Old refrigerator.
The size of the incubation machine is selected individually, and depend on:
- The required number of eggs for bookmark
- The location of the heating elements.
The average incubator with dimensions: 45 * 30 cm accommodates:
- up to 70 chicken
- up to 55 ducks
- up to 55 turkey,
- up to 40 goose
- up to 200 quail eggs.
Regardless of the material or sizes, each device consists of:
- Covers (with or without window),
- Hull
- Tray and lattice,
- Lamps
- Water containers to maintain humidity,
- Thermometer.
Models with automatic or semi-automatic rotation of the tray are also equipped with a digital timer.
Models with hand turning tray
For the manufacture of simple incubators at home, minimum of materials and tools are required, and you can easily make it in a few hours. Cons - insufficient thermal insulation, fragility and hand-cutting grilles with eggs.
Polyfoam incubation machine
The advantages of this model: lightness and compactness, inexpensive cost and simplicity in the manufacture.
It is possible to make an incubator from foams as follows: the walls are cut out of the sheet of polystyrene foam, a thickness of at least 5 cm. Recommended size sidewall - 50 * 50 cm, end - 50 * 35 cm. Collect the case and correctly distribute the inner space. The walls are bonded by glue, or they can be glued together with a wide scotch. 3-4 vent holes pierce the bottom.
The foam incubator is equipped with a lid with a glazed viewing window. The glass is not necessary to firmly fix: if there is a need to reduce the temperature - it can be moved away. So that the cover is more densely and not loosened the design, you can glue on wooden bars. The thermostat and the thermometer is installed next to the window.
Incubating chicken eggs in a foam incubator occurs under the influence of three incandescent bulbs, with a capacity of 25 W. In this amount it is enough to maintain the required temperature. The bottom of the chamber is installed water tank. The lattice for eggs is assembled from a solid galvanized grid with a cell size of 2.5 * 1.6 mm. Each side of the tray is trimmed with durable marks: if this is not done, the chicks can be injured. To install trays on each other around the perimeter, flights are increasing, a height of at least 10 cm.
Air circulation inside the incubation chamber will be better if to attach the usual fan from the computer.
The foam incubator for chicken eggs can be equipped with an additional heating indicator that are placed under the grills.
Incubation machine from the box
Incubator for chicken eggs from cardboard - economical and simple, and the assembly of such a design does not take much time. Make a device from a regular box from under household appliances. It is not recommended to take a big one - the volume will be difficult to warm up, and use more powerful lamps is dangerous. At a distance of 4-5 cm from the bottom 6-7 vent holes, with a diameter of 3 to 7 mm.
From the inside to the side walls at an altitude of 9-10 cm from the bottom, wooden rails are fixed. Selfly covered with cellophane or oilcloth, and the wooden bars are put on top. A bath with water is placed on the resulting pallet, and on the rail - a regular store tray for eggs. For the receipt of fresh air from above, another 3-4 holes are made in the lid, with a diameter of about 5 mm. Next to them, the thermometer hangs and penetrate one additional hole under the wire from the lamp.
For heating the incubator, the incandescent lamps are used with a power of 25 watts. Air humidity is regulated by opening the lid.
Incubator of plywood
This model differs from previous greater strength and best heat saving characteristics. How to make an incubator:
- From the sheet of plywood, the walls are cut. Larger thermal insulation can be achieved by making them double,
- The dimensions of the device are selected individually,
- The lid is also cut out of plywood, and is made removable,
- To control the process in the lid, a small window is dilated,
- Around the perimeter of the lid - holes for ventilation, with a diameter of no more centimeter,
- From the inside to the walls of the improvised incubator, the rei for installation of trays,
- For air exchange in the floor, 4-5 holes are drilled,
- The heating element for the incubator usually perform incandescent lamps, but for a large volume you can use a tubular electric heater (TEN),
- The minimum distance between lamps or ten and eggs - 25 cm,
- The minimum distance between the trays (if there are several of them) - 15 cm,
- Tray for eggs of frame-type, collected it from a metal grid and cubs with a marlevary grid,
- At the bottom, the capacitances of the same size for water are installed.
- The finished incubator for eggs put in a warm room with good ventilation on a flat surface, and connected to a conventional electrical network.
Automated models
There are several ways to make an incubator with your own hands with an automatic coup of eggs, uninterrupted food and good heat saving.
The incubation apparatus from the refrigerator
How to make an incubator with backup power: the housing of the incubator from the refrigerator is assembled. For this purpose, the inner space is cleaned and washed well with a disinfectant solution. A pair of viewing windows that are glazed from the inner and the outside are cut into the door.
From the inside the camera is divided into two parts. Lower - incubation, equipped with trays. Top - output, a fixed shelf is installed in it. The partition is cut out of the sheet of plywood, and several holes for the air exchange break in it. To circulate air at the bottom of the incubation chamber, a small fan is installed at the bottom of the incubation chamber, and next to it in the side wall is drilled a pair of holes, a diameter of about a centimeter. For air output at the top of the case, similar holes make.
The electrical scheme looks like this:
- The thermostat for the output and incubation chamber,
- Emergency thermostat,
- Voltage stabilizer by 10 V,
- Heater for the incubation compartment,
- Heater for output separation,
- Spare heater connected to a backup power unit,
- Reserve battery for incubator by 12 V,
- Psychrometer,
- Turning mechanism,
- The moisture level regulator inside the output and incubation chamber.
In automatic mode, the operation of the backup power incubator provides a control unit that controls all the main nodes. The specified temperature in the chambers support independent thermostators and heating elements, and electronic thermometers correspond to temperature control. They can be assembled independently, using various ready-made schemes, but if there is little experience with microelectronics - it is better to buy. The heating system is collected from light bulbs with a capacity of 20-25 W, or the heating cord is paved to save electricity around the perimeter.
The automatic mechanism of the enemy coup in the incubator works every two hours, turning the trays by 45 °.
A temporary electronic relay is responsible for the operation of the mechanism, which is assembled from the low-speed engine and gearbox. The output gear shaft must make a complete turn around the axis for 4 hours. Replace a homemade relay with a similar device from the old drum washing machine. The mechanism is driven by a motor from the car wiper. To reduce the turnover, it is complemented by a step-type chain gearbox.
The main axis to which the asterisk of the gearbox is attached, the lower lattice for eggs is installed. Two options are hanging over it, and the distance between them is at least 15 cm. For simultaneous rotation, all trays are connected by a burden.
The incubator scheme for eggs involves the presence of two power sources: universal and uninterrupted. The backup power of the incubator is carried out from the battery or power supply. Power supply power - 120-150 W, and battery for incubator - from 12 V.
To maintain humidity on the bottom of the incubation chamber, a capacity with water and a fan is put.
Automatic incubator
Another option, how to make an incubator with an automatic enemy coup. The case can serve as a frame from a washing machine or an old bees hive.
The incubator device looks like this:
- Housing
- Tray system,
- Heating system
- Fan,
- Grid rotation mechanism.
In order to be inside the target air temperature, it is necessary to insulate the incubator walls. For this purpose they are trimmed by foam. To ensure air exchange on one side of the wall at the bottom, and on the other - at the top we make holes. Diameter is no more centimeter. Holes can be equipped with plugs. The lid cut the viewing window, which is glazed. The glass is not fixed firmly: if it is necessary to reduce the temperature inside the chamber - it is moved.
Trays are collected from a metal grid with a cell pitch of about 2.5 cm, and tighten the mosquito net so that the hatched chicks do not damage the paws. The auto-rotation for the incubator is done like this: the holes are powered in the lattice frame, and they themselves are attached to the axis. All parts of the mechanism are bonded between themselves, and reduction engines are used as a drive, with a capacity of up to 20 W. For a smooth movement of the tray, it is recommended to take a chain in increments of 0.52 mm. A temporary relay is responsible for automating the process.
It remains to establish a system of heating the entire design. The heating element for the incubator of this model is a spiral from old irons. They fasten the spirals to the walls with screeds or brackets so that if necessary, they can be easily replaced.
The minimum distance of the heating element from the tray is 20 cm.
In the incubator for chickens, with their own hands made according to this scheme, the thermometer is necessarily hung, and the water container is placed on the bottom. For better air circulation to the bottom grid, you can attach a fan. A psychrometer must be in the cell. The device measures humidity indicators, and you can buy it in any pet store.
For a small farm, compact instruments for the output of young people are needed. At home, it is easy to make an incubator with your own hands using braid materials.
The focus is paid to the body, which should provide a stable temperature regime. For this purpose, an old refrigerator is suitable or a box collected from foam. Inside the trays are inserted into which eggs are laid. Work on their coup and maintain the required temperature can be automated.
- 1. The device made by your own hands is cheaper.
- 2. Making a product can be made according to its needs for the desired number of eggs.
- 3. The apparatus made from undergraduates is cheaper in maintenance.
- 4. It is possible to install an additional power source. It will be needed if the electricity is turned off.
- 1. In the case of the incubator, an additional space is envisaged to be able to increase the amount of cultivation of young.
- 2. The focus is on the method of heating and thermal insulation.
- 3. The presence of ventilation. For this side and in the day the holes are drilled. In the manufacture of a refrigerator inside fans are installed inside.
- 4. The apparatus must have a reliable power supply system that would not have given failures.
- The box can be taken ready or led independently.
- Inside the space is trimmed by plywood to cover the slit.
- From above, the holes with a diameter of 10 mm are drilled and covered with glass. It will be viewing windows.
- Supports are made to install trays made of foams.
- In the lower part, the installation of wiring and cartridges is carried out.
- Outside the holes are drilled. One for ventilation purposes, and the rest for incandescent lamps.
- In order to maintain heat, the wall of the refrigerator is cured with expanded polystyrene.
- Trays are installed. If there is an opportunity, the shelves of the refrigerator are reworked under them.
- At the top, outside, the thermostat is underway. The sensor is located in the inside.
- Downstairs 3 holes with a size of 1.5 x 1.5 cm for ventilation are cut.
- Near the lamps and below are fans. They provide air circulation.
- 2 sheet of foam 50 mm thick and 100 x 100 cm gabarites.
- Glue or Scotch.
- 4 incandescent lamps together with 25 W cartridges.
- Fan.
- Temperature regulator.
- Trays.
- 1. The first sheet of foam is cut into 4 equal parts. They will become the side walls of the incubator.
- 2. The second is divided first in half, and then one of the halves is cut to sheets of 50 x 60 and 50 x 40. The first will become a lid, and the second bottom.
- 3. The lid is made by a groove of 13 x 13 cm. It is simultaneously both viewing and ventilating hole. From above closes with plastic.
- 4. The first sheet is cut into 4 parts gluits the framework. Bottom is pasted bottom.
- 5. The entire body with the bottom is tightened with scotch.
- 6. Supports from foam are attached along the walls and trays are installed on them.
- 7. At a distance of 1 cm from the bottom of the soldering iron, 3 ventilation openings with a diameter of 12 mm are burned.
- 8. For the rigidity of the lid from all the sides, bars are attached to it. They are also made of foamflast. They are indent from the edge of 5 cm and included inside the housing. Fit close to the side walls, the lid is securely fixed.
- 9. A hole in the lid skews the hole. Outside there is a thermostat, and inside the sensor.
- 10. The incandescent lamps are attached.
- 11. Trays located inside must retreat from the walls at a distance of 5 cm so that the ventilation process does not break.
- The housing of the microwave oven is trimmed by a foam for better heat conservation.
- To ensure the influx of fresh air, the vent hole is made. The door is not instep.
- Inside the tray with eggs is inserted. Immediately under it is a container with water for moisture.
- 1. Mobile grid. As a rule, used in small structures. The principle is that the eggs lie in the cells, and the grid was laid under them, which slowly moves. During her movement, the eggs begin to rotate. The disadvantage includes what they may not turn over, and the grid will pass idle.
- 2. Roller system. Finds less frequently using your own hands. The system is rollers with sleeves that stretched the grid. At home, it is difficult to make this.
- 3. Tilt of the tray at an angle of 45 degrees. Eggs located in cells are not rolled. But when the grid moves their turn.
Show all
Benefits
The homemade device has several advantages:
Requirements
The start of work is to prepare the drawings of the design and the development of the circuit of the electrical part. At this stage, the necessary requirements for the device are laid:
There is an incubator in a warm and dry room with a temperature of at least 20 degrees and a moisture level of no more than 20%.
Simple incubator
The easiest way to manufacture an incubator is a wooden version. The property of wood slowly heat up and at the same speed to give heat makes it a comfortable material.
Production Description:
This type of incubator made from the box belongs to a simple design that can be made with your own hands.
For quail
For quails, a box is taken, in which the humidity adjustment is provided. It is supported using the ventilation holes and the water containers located in the incubator.
Grids on which quail eggs are located should be able to rotate at an angle of 45 degrees. This is achieved by a lever derived from the housing.
From the refrigerator
To make an incubator from a refrigerator, a freezer and all shelves are removed from it.
After drawing up the drawing and the connections, the following steps are carried out:
The advantages of such an incubator in its dimensions where you can accommodate up to 500 eggs.
Incubator from the refrigerator
From foamflast
Such material is optimal. He has low weight, low price, it has thermal insulation qualities.
As materials used:
Step-by-step instruction manufacturing incubator for chicken eggs:
So that the heat in the incubator created from the foam is maintained longer, you need to additionally insulate the walls and the ceiling. For this, foil thermal insulation is suitable.
From the microwave oven
The microwave ovens make an incubator on the same principle. The disadvantage is its small size. Therefore, it can be used to withdraw quail.
Production Features:
Connection Scheme Immediate Incubator
Automatic coup Yaitz
In order to successfully carry out the incubation process, the eggs must be rotated 180 degrees. If you do this manually, it takes a lot of time. For this purpose, an automatic turn is applied.
Types of automatic coup mechanisms:
The last way was used in large incubators made of refrigerator.
Having a household, it is advantageous to have a small device for the output of young. It makes no sense to purchase an industrial option that is expensive. The apparatus made by your own hands will fully comply with the necessary requirements and size of the economy. The costs for its repair are minimal.
All experienced poultry people know well that one of the main conditions for the successful incubation of eggs, in addition to correctly selected temperature and humidity, is their periodic turning.
And do it, it is necessary on a strictly defined technology. All existing incubators are divided into three groups - automatic, mechanical and manual, and the two last varieties suggest that the process of turning eggs will not carry out the machine, but a person.
A timer will help to simplify this task, which, having some time and experience, can be made with your own hands. Several ways of manufacturing such a device are described below.
What is it needed for
Timer coup for eggs in the incubator is a device that is blurring and closing the electrical circuit after the same period of time, that is, speaking by a simple language, a primitive relay. Our task is to turn off and then turn on the main nodes of the incubator again, which automates the system in this way and minimize the possible errors caused by the human factor.
The timer, in addition to the exercise of the enemy's coup, also provides the implementation of such functions:
- adjustment of the temperature regime;
- provision of forced air exchange;
- running and disabling lighting.
The chip, on the basis of which such a device is manufactured, must respond to two main conditions: low current switching with high resistance of the key element itself.
The optimal option in this case is the technology for constructing CMOP electronic schemes, having both N-and P-channel field transistors, which provides a higher switching speed and is also energy-saving.
The easiest way to use the current chips K176IA5 or kr512pc10 at home at home. On their basis, the timer will work for a long time and, which is especially important, uninterrupted. 
The principle of operation of the device made on the basis of the K176IA microcircuit, implies a sequential implementation of six actions:
- The system starts (chain closure).
- Pause.
- A pulse voltage (thirty-two cycles) is supplied to the LED.
- The resistor is disabled.
- A charge is served on the knot.
- The system is turned off (open circuit).
Important! If necessary, the response time can be extended to 48–72 hours, but it will require the improvement of the circuit with a higher power transistors.
Timer,
made on the CR512PS10 chip, in general, also quite simple, but there are additional functionality, due to the initial presence in the input circuit with a variable division coefficient. Thus, to ensure the work of the timer (accurate time delay time), it is necessary to correctly select R1, C1 and set the desired number of jumpers. 
Here are three options:
- 0.1 seconds - 1 minute;
- 1 minute-1 hour;
- 1 hour and 24 hours.
If the K176IA5 chip assumes the only possible cycle of actions, then the timer operates in two different modes: variable or constant.
In the first case, turning on and off the system is automatically, at an equal period of time (the mode is adjusted using the jumper S1), in the second system turns on with a programmed delay once and then runs to its forced shutdown.
To implement the creative task, in addition to the pasting chips themselves, we will need the following materials:
- resistors of different power;
- several additional LEDs (3-4 pieces);
- tin and rosin.
A set of tools is quite standard:
- a sharp knife with a narrow blade (to shorten resistors);
- good soldering iron for chip (with a thin sting);
- stopwatch or clock with a second arrow;
- passatia;
- screwdriver tester with voltage indicator.
Homemade Incubator Timer With Your Hands On the K176II chip5 microcircuit
Most of the electronic devices, such as the timer in question for the incubator, are known since Soviet times. An example of the implementation of a two-interval timer for the incubation of eggs with a detailed instruction was published in popular among radio amateur radio radio (No. 1, 1988). But, as you know, everything new is well forgotten old.
If you are lucky enough to find a ready-made radio constructor based on the K176II chip with an already etched printed circuit board, then the assembly and tuning of the finished device will be simple formal (the ability to keep the soldering iron, of course, it is quite desirable).
The time interval setting step will consider in more detail. A two-interval timer, which is talking about, provides an alternation of the "Work" mode (the control relay is included, the incubator tray turning mechanism works) with a "pause" mode (the control relay is turned off, the incubator tray turning mechanism is stopped).
"Work" mode is short-term and lasts in the range of 30-60 seconds (the time required for the tray rotation to a certain angle depends on the type of the specific incubator).
Important! At the assembly stage, the instructions should be strictly followed, prevent overheating in places of electronic semiconductor components (mainly the main chip and transistors).
The "pause" mode is long and can last up to 5, 6 hours (depends on the size of the eggs and the heating ability of the incubator.)
For ease of configuration, a LED is provided in the diagram, which in the time interval setting process will flash with a certain frequency. The power of the LED is consistent with the diagram using the R6 resistor.
Setting the duration of the specified modes is carried out by time of R3 and R4 resistors. It should be noted that the duration of the "pause" mode depends on the nominal value of both resistors, while the duration of the operating mode is given exclusively resistance to R3. 
To accurately set up as R3 and R4, it is recommended to use variable resistors 3-5 com for R3 and 500-1500 com for R4, respectively.
Important! The smaller the resistance of the time setting the time of the resistors, the more often the LED will flash, and the shorter the duration of the cycle will be.
Adjusting the "Work" mode:- snatch resistor R4 (reduce resistance R4 to zero);
- turn on the device;
- resistor R3 Adjust the frequency of flashing LED. The duration of the work mode will correspond to thirty two outbreaks.
Adjusting the "Pause" mode:
- use resistor R4 (increase resistance R4 to nominal);
- turn on the device;
- slow with the help of the stopwatch time between adjacent flashes of the LED.
The duration of the "pause" mode will be equal to the time obtained multiplied by 32.
Instructions: how to make the incubator timer on the chip KR512PS10
The CMOP of the CMOS microcircuit of the Cr512PS10 microcircuit is used in a wide variety of electronic devices-timers with a variable coefficient of dividing the time cycle.
These devices can provide both single inclusion (turning on the operating mode after a certain pause and hold it to forced shutdown) and cyclic power on - shutdown according to a given program.
Did you know? The chick, which is in the egg, breathes atmospheric air, which penetrates through the shell through the smallest pores. Inlet oxygen, the shell simultaneously displays from the egg outward carbon dioxide, exhaled by a chicken, as well as excessive moisture.
Creating a timer for the incubator on the basis of one of these devices will not be much difficult. Moreover, you don't even have to take a soldering iron in the hands, since the range of industrialized cards based on CR512PS10 is extremely wide, their functional is diverse, and the ability to adjust the time intervals covers the range from the tenths of a second to 24 hours. 
The finished boards are equipped with the necessary automatic, providing fast and accurate configuration of the "work" and "pauses" modes. Thus, the manufacture of a timer for the incubator on the CR512PS10 chip is reduced to the correct selection of the board under the specific characteristics of a specific incubator.
If you still need to change the time of the working mode, then it is possible to do this by the R1 resistor.
For those who love and know how to solder, and also wishes to assemble a similar adaptation personally, we give one of the possible schemes with the list of electronic components and tracing a printed circuit board. 
The timers described are applicable to control the transport of a tray in working with household incubators with the periodic inclusion of heating elements. In fact, they allow you to synchronize the movement of the tray with the turning on and off of the heater with the cyclic repetition of the entire process.
Other options
In addition to the considered options for basic microcircuits, there are many electronic components where you can build a reliable and durable device - timer.
Among them can be allocated:
- MC14536BCP;
- CD4536B (with CD43 ***, CD41 *** modifications);
- NE555 and others.
Some of these chips have now been removed from production and replaced with modern counterparts (the production industry of electronic components does not stand still).
All of them differ in secondary parameters, an extended range of supply voltages, thermal characteristics, etc., but at the same time perform all the same tasks: turning on-off the controlled electrical circuit according to a given program. 
The principle of setting up working intervals of the collected fee is the same:
- find and snatch the resistor of the Pause mode;
- resistor "Work" to establish the desired frequency of the diode flashing;
- unlock the resistor of the "pause" mode and measure the exact running time;
- establish a divider parameters;
- place a fee in a protective housing.
Making a tray coup timer, it is necessary to understand that this is primarily a timer - a universal device, the scope of which is not limited solely to the task of the passage of the tray in the incubator.
Subsequently, by purchasing a certain experience, you can provide such devices and heating elements, lighting and ventilation system, and in the future, after some upgrading, use it as a basis for automatic feed feed and water chickens.
Did you know? Many believe that yolk in the egg is a germ of the future chicken, and the protein is a nutrient medium necessary for its development. However, in fact it is not. The chicken begins to develop from a germ disk, which in a fertilized egg looks like a small spot of light color in a yolk. The christmaker eats mostly yolk, the protein is the source of water and useful minerals necessary for normal development for the embryo.
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11
once already
helped
Many poultry trucks remove chicks from geese before quail with an incubator - industrial or manufactured by their own hands.
The need for a home incubator is dictated primarily by the fact that the desired shell may not always be available, and the young people must be raised in a clearly scheduled time.
Selection of photo
To accurately lay the eggs, "Singing", and the work of the offspring in the form of chicks, can only be available in the household a useful device - incubator.
Drawings and description
The frame of this incubator is made of wooden bars and is trimmed from the outer and inside of plywood. Polyfoam is used as thermal insulation.
Under the top of the ceiling of the camera in the middle passes the axis on which a special tray for eggs is tightly fixed. On the axis using a metal pin, which is derived through the top panel, turns the tray with eggs.
Tray (25 * 40 cm, height 5 cm) is made of a durable metal mesh, the cells of which are 2 * 5 cm and with a wire thickness of about 2 mm, from the bottom the tray is covered with a shallow caproic grid. Stay eggs vertically, up with a blunt end.
Above the tray for eggs strictly along the axis, the thermometer of control is installed so that during the corner of the tray, it does not touch eggs. The temperature testimony scale is removed out through the top panel.
Four lamps installed on the bottom of the housing (25 watts) serve as a heating element. Each pair of lamps are covered with metallic leaves 1 mm thick, which are stacked on two red bricks.
To maintain the desired humidity, water baths are installed with dimensions of 10 * 20 * 5 cm, which are made of tin. These p-shaped tapes made of copper wires, for which the fabric hangs, which increases the surface of evaporation.
In the ceiling of the chamber, 8-10 holes with a diameter of 20-30 mm are drilled, at the bottom - 10-12 of such holes. This system allows you to flow with fresh air, moisturize from a drying piece of fabric.
From the old refrigerator
The figure shows an incubator in general. In order to make stiffness, two boards are attached to the housing itself. They are connected to the bars below and are screwed with screws.
In the board make a deepening for the flanges. The bearing is pressed into the center, and to prevent the axis displacement, a threaded bushing is inserted, which is attached to the axis long screw.
All frames consist of two semi-grades with protrusions that are necessary to keep trays in the positions of rotation angles. A cable is refilled into the upper holes, which is attached on the engine.
Inside the housing of the refrigerator, it is covered with insulation, as a rule, it is fiberglass, it means that all the ventilation holes need to insert a plastic pipe.
In refrigerators there is a chute for the outflow of water, it is installed in the opposite direction for the incubator, on the contrary, to supply water to the fan blades when the chickens are derived.
From foamflast
Such incubators are made of wooden bars, which are covered outside the tin sheet, and inside the layer of foam or any insulating and heat-reflecting material, the incubator filling is very similar to industrial.
Automatic heating system
It is imperative to correctly arrange the heating elements in the incubator without a fan. In different homemade incubators they are located in different ways: under eggs, above eggs, on top, side or at all around the perimeter.
The distance from eggs to the heating element directly depends on the type of heater. For example, if light bulbs are used, then the distance must be at least 25 cm, and if you choose a nichrome wire as an element of heating, then it is enough 10 cm. You can not allow drafts, otherwise the entire brood will die.
Temperature regulator and electrical circuit
For the development of the embryo inside the egg, it is necessary to observe a certain necessary temperature regime that you need to withstand with an absolute error in half grades.
This error is made up of temperature difference over the surface of the tray with incubation eggs and the temperature support error in the device with a temperature controller.
It is possible to use bimetallic plates, electrocontacts, barometric sensors as a heat regulator.
Comparative description of homemade thermostators
Each self-relocine has a choice - which thermostat to adapt to its incubator. But it must be remembered that all these devices are fairly firewood. By the way, you can purchase a ready-made thermostat.
Humidity control
Control humidity in the incubator using the device psychrometerwhich can be easily and special material costs to purchase in veterinary pharmacies or housekeeping stores.
Or, as an alternative, make yourself from two thermometers that are fixed on one board. The nasal part of one thermometer should be wrapped 3-4 layers of a sterile medical bandage, the other end is lowered into a container with distilled water. The second thermometer remains dry. By difference in thermometers, the humidity in the incubator is determined.
Modes
Immediately before starting incubation, you need to check the incubator system for 3 days and try to set the temperature to be necessary for the process.
It is especially important that no overheating is carried out: if the germ for 10 minutes is at 41 degrees, it will die.
In industrialized egg incubators turn every 2 hours, but enough and 3 coups per day. It is necessary to rotate the eggs, as there is a difference in the temperatures of the egg about 2 degrees on different sides.
Discross Yaitz
For a high percentage of outcomes, preliminary collection and correct conditions for the storage of eggs are of great importance.
Store eggs For brood in a horizontal position, turning them periodically, at a temperature not higher than 12 degrees and humidity no more than 80%.
Eggs are rejected With damaged, thin or rough surface, irregular shape. Using the device, the Eggs are debugged with two yolks, with a large air chamber.
Eggs before laying into an incubator in no case can washbecause at the same time the film is damaged over the shell, which has certain properties. Too big eggs are also not suitable for incubation.
Control process of incubation starts after 5 days of finding eggs in the incubator. Apply for this all the same ovoscope.
Differences in temperature modes for different types of birds
Different birds have different periods and incubation temperature. Consider some species of birds:
- Kura.: 1-2 day The temperature of 39 degrees, 3-18 - 38.5 degrees, 19-21 - 37.5 degrees.
- Duck: 1-12 day Temperature 37.7 degrees, 13-24 - 37.4 degrees, 25-28 - 37.2 degrees.
- Indoant: 1-30 day the temperature is 37.5 degrees.
- Geese: 1-28 day 37.5 degrees.
- Turkey: at 1-25 day 37.5 degrees, at 25-28 days - 37.2 degrees.
- Quail: in 1-17 day 37.5 degrees.
The first day of hatched chicks
In the first day of the output, the chickens spread over cardboard boxes, on the bottom of which they put the newspaper. Since chickens are accustomed to heat, for some time they need to create the same conditions. If necessary, the box is put on a table lamp.
The fabric litter is not used because the chickens are easily confused. In the first days of life, young people feed the cooked-boiled egg at the rate of half the egg on one head per day.
In addition to food, chickens need constantly in clean warm water. Starting from the third day, a straded millet, cottage cheese, crackers are introduced.
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How to make a simple incubator from the old refrigerator describe Vladimir Kalchenko.
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In our difficult time, when prices for goods are growing in an inexorable pace, you will always find the area in which you can use your practical skills and theoretical knowledge. Looking at the cost of the incubator produced in industrial conditions, it is possible to easily calculate the benefit from the independent manufacture of a similar device. Especially since it is not so difficult to make a home incubator.
This is what the forum user is talking about its homemade incubator. gyenykot..
gyenykot.
Briefly: an incubator for 60-70 chicken eggs, a coup mechanical with a special lattice, automatic does not make a fundamentally. Heating with light bulbs, two chains. Temperature control using an electrocontact thermometer. I do not trust electronics. Spotlight at the corners of 0.5 degrees. Cheap and angry. In the presence of components, it is possible to make an incubator for 3 to 4 hours.
The most important thing in the manufacture is to provide the ability to maintain optimal indicators of humidity and temperature inside the device, as well as create conditions for the timely coup for eggs in order to uniform warm-up.
Housing incubator
In most the basis of everything is the case. And the incubator in this case is no exception.
In the manufacture of the housing, special attention should be paid to ensuring good thermal insulation for the future device. This will further avoid troubles related to strict temperature regime in the incubation chamber.
For the manufacture of the housing, porous polymer materials, polyplex (polystyrene foam) with a thickness of 20 mm, etc. are quite suitable. You can also use WHP or chipboard sheets, but double walls with foam rubber filler, felt or foam bell can be created.
The size of the incubator will be directly dependent on the number of eggs, which is planned to be placed simultaneously into the chamber. In the height of the inner chamber 50 cm will be quite enough. The internal base area will be equal to the area of \u200b\u200bthe tray for eggs. But it must be added about 50 mm on each side. It is such a clearance that should be between the tray and the incubator body to ensure the circulation of air flow. In the lower base of the incubator, it is necessary to drill several holes with a diameter of 10 mm, through which the air exchange between the internal space of the chamber and the outer medium will be carried out (the incubator must constantly enriched with oxygen). For an incubator designed for 50 eggs, 6 holes are enough.
Attention! The lower holes should be positioned so that they do not overlap with the opposition (plate) with water, which will be installed in the chamber to maintain a sufficient level of humidity.
To ensure the unimpeded air movement between the bottom of the device and the surface on which it will be installed, 30 ... 50 mm should remain. It should be done in its top cover 100x100 mm, closed with glass. If there is no forced ventilation in the incubator, then the glass during operation should be converted, leaving the magnitude of the value of 10 ... 15 mm.
And one more nuance: one of the side surfaces of the incubator must have a door to replace water and other actions related to the camera maintenance.
Tray for incubator
In order for the eggs to be gently put into the internal space of the incubator, we need to make a special tray. In our case, it can be made on the basis of a wooden frame, which is renovated with a small grid. As a grid, both an ordinary mosquito used in the design of modern window glass windows and metal (maybe another) mesh having a cell size comparable to 5x5 mm (but no more). In order to eliminate the sagging of the grid, the back of the tray can be killed a couple of small regions that comprehensively strengthen the design of the tray.
In order for eggs in the process of incubation to be more convenient to turn over, the tray should be equipped with a plug-in wooden grid. For convenience, you can make several lattices at once having different sizes of internal cells. So, for quail eggs, a lattice is suitable with a cell size of 45x35 mm, for chicken eggs, a cell size is 67x75 mm. If you want to lay goose eggs in the incubator, then cells must be the corresponding sizes - 90x60 mm. In width, the lattice should be 5 mm less than the tray itself. In length, it should be shorter than 50 ... 60 mm - for quail, 80 ... 90 mm - for chicken and 100 ... 110 mm - for goose eggs. Thus, moving the grille along the tray, you can turn the eggs 180 degrees. With the aim of uniform heating of eggs over time, perform this procedure approximately once every 2 to 3 hours.
Egg coup tray
The height of the tray itself should be 70-80 mm. The tray should be installed on the legs with a height of 100 mm.
This is the most simple design of the tray, which allows you to simultaneously turn all the eggs. But in order for the construction of the incubator to be more modern, the process of turning eggs can be automated. And for this it will be necessary to make some technical improvements.
How to make a coup in the incubator
In order to automate the process of coup in the incubator, it is necessary to introduce an electromechanical drive into its design, which is working through a certain period of time (as we have already spoken, it is 2-3 hours). The accuracy of the time interval will provide a special time relay. Relays can already be purchased in the finished form. Fans of "picking up" in chips can make it independently, taking the basis of electronic or even mechanical clocks that are easy to buy in Moscow, and in any village.
This is what the Forumhouse user writes about this.
mednagolov.
Now it is easy to buy Chinese electromechanical relays with a cycle of 24 hours. In fact, it is an elementary clock with a fork that sticks into a rosette, and on the case of these clock there is a socket in which the consumer sticks out, the clock is twisted with a rotary electric motor. It is not necessary to start, in a circle of the dial, paid for 24 hours, are "prescriptions", which and exhibit intervals of time.
The electric motor must necessarily transmit torque through the gearbox. It will help make the movement of the lattice smooth and save eggs safely.
The tray grille should move on the guides. The role of guides will be able to play the walls of the tray. But in order to avoid accidental jamming, this mechanism can be improved. For this, along the central axis, the lattice should attach a metallic axis protruding from two ends. She will play the role of a reliable guide. The axis will be inserted into special grooves made on the side of the tray. A similar design is reliable, it is easy to collect it easily and, if necessary, quickly disassemble.
In order to move the grille with eggs, we will need a reciprocating mechanism consisting of an electric motor, gearbox, a crank mechanism and a rod connecting the drive with the tray grille.
The device for the coup of eggs in the incubator.
As an electric motor, you can use special "Motors" for microwaves that are on sale. Also, some craftsmen create an electromechanical drive based on the mechanism included in the automotive wipers. Or, what kind of release from the situation came up with the MEDNagolov forumchanin: drive mechanism of egging eggs from email. The engine of the ball crane remote control D \u003d 3/4 220V (has an extremely powerful and durable gearbox, as well as microswitches of end positions).
The power supply he used from the old computer, and the time relay - the mechanism from the Chinese clock, which was written slightly above.
The mechanism functions as follows: the relay closes the electrical circuit at a specified period of time. The mechanism is driven and moves the tray grille, turning the eggs. The end positions are then triggered (limit switches), and the lattice is fixed in the opposite extreme position. Through the specified time, the cycle is repeated, and the lattice returns to its original position. The whole process in the homemade occurs without human participation.
Heated incubator
Proper placement of heating elements in the incubator chamber is a key to success that provides the withdrawal of healthy and strong chickens. As heating elements it is customary to use ordinary incandescent bulbs. Ideally, it is best to install over a tray with eggs, evenly by the perimeter of the incubator. The tray and the heating element must separate the distance of at least 25 cm. In a homemade incubator, low-power light bulbs should be used, 25 watts, etc. The total power of the heating elements used in a similar incubator should be 80 watts - for the device designed for the simultaneous output of 50 chicks.
The smaller the power of the heating elements, the equalization of heat in the incubation chamber occurs.
Placing the lamps on the walls of the chamber should also follow their uniform arrangement throughout the perimeter. Know that using a consistent electrical connection of heating elements, you can significantly extend their service life. But the power of each consumer in this case is shrinking twice. This should be considered when calculating the number of heating elements, because with the corresponding connection method, the number of consumers should double.
Control over temperature indicators
As we already know, the temperature in the incubator chamber must accurately match the specified parameters. Otherwise - a penny price to such a device. Optimal for the output of chickens in artificial conditions is the temperature from 37.5 to 38.3º C. But it should be strictly observed. Maintain a specified range will help a regular thermostat that can be purchased without any problems in the store. It is necessary that this device ensures the accuracy of temperature values \u200b\u200bcorresponding to 0.2º C. The error above the presented value may be destructive for developing embryos.
Connect the thermostat to the heating elements to a person who decided to make the incubator with her own hands, we think will not be any difficulty. The main thing is to ensure that the temperature sensors are near the egg tray. For more accurate removal of readings, the sensors can even be fixed on the tray. As an additional control tool, use the usual thermometer. Better, if it is electronic, able to show the tenth lobes of degrees. But the usual alcohol thermometer is suitable for the extreme case. It should be fixed in the chamber in such a way that it is located immediately above the tray. In this case, its testimony can be removed, looking through the sight glass.
Battery heat
JG_ Member Forumhouse.
So that the temperature is slower down, it is necessary to use a heat battery. I used water as that water. It gives moisturizing and even the temperature is gaining, and when it is disconnected, it gives it for a long time without giving fast temperatures. Only water container should be large. You can simply pancake metal or dumbbell inward put - what is not that?
It remains to add that without an air humidifier in the incubator all your efforts are doomed to failure. Therefore, a baking sheet or an open plate, filled with water, can be considered one of the mandatory elements involved in the incubation process. As for the heat accumulator, the boat or plastic water bottle will never be superfluous in the inner space of your incubator.
Control over humidity can be carried out using a psychrometer that can be purchased in the household goods store. The optimal humidity in the incubator must correspond to the indicators of 50-55% (immediately before the pin with the chickens can be increased to 65-70% values).
Ventilation incubator
Many owners of homemade incubators believe that the fan is an integral part of a similar device. But practice shows that a small incubator, the amount of eggs in which does not exceed 50 pcs., Can do without forced ventilation. Air convection in it occurs naturally and this is enough to maintain the vital activity of the embryos.
If the camera of your incubator is calculated for a greater number of eggs, or if you want to create an ideal microclimate inside the device, then for these purposes, you can use special fans with a diameter of 80 to 200 mm (depending on the camera volume).
The fan can be mounted into the top cover of the incubator with such a calculation so that it takes the air from the internal space of the chamber. Part of the air flow will go out, and its main volume will be reflected from the lid and passing over the lower supply holes, mixing the warm air with cold and enriching it with oxygen.
Here, perhaps, all. You can find out the different opinions of our users regarding the design, and you can familiarize yourself with their practical developments in this topic. We also have information for those who are interested in productive. If you wish to create at home more, in the design of which there are powerful components and complex ventilation schemes, then you should visit this section.