Shanghai, Singapore, Sydney and Vancouver
It is quite difficult to determine which port today is the largest port of the Pacific Ocean. The problem lies in the existence of several criteria by which it is possible to assess.
Nevertheless, the largest existing existing ports of the Pacific, as Shanghai, Syngapore, Sydney and Vancouver can be called. For example, Shanghai, starting in 2010, is considered the world's largest port turnover. Located a port near the metropolis of the same name and occupies a favorable position, as it has an open access to the sea. Thanks to the port, China communicates with 200 countries. About 99% of the turnover of all foreign trade in the country is carried out through these gates. The port works around the clock, despite the holidays and the weekend. Oil, coal, metal ore, building materials are transported through Shanghai.
Another large port of the Pacific Ocean is Singapore. From 1997, the port is considered the world's largest largest tonnage of ships. Previously, this port was the largest and cargo turnover until I lost to the 1st place Shanghai. Daily Singapore is able to take 150 vessels and serves up to 250 lines. The VBM's Martial Front stretched more than 3 kilometers. The total magnitude of the ship's shipping is 112 million tons.
Sydney vs Vancouver
Sydney is inferior to its competitors in the cargo turnover, its throughput is about 1.8 million tons. However, this port has a moral front of about 0.6 km long. 100 berths with a depth of 3.5 meters are capable of receiving the vessel of the aircraft carrier class. Today through Sydney is transported wool, coal, dairy products, grains, fruits, skins, cocoa, oil, industrial equipment.
Vancouver is the largest port of Canada, located in the northeastern part of Georgia Strait. The harbor is perfectly protected from the wind and does not freeze in winter time. The total length of Vancouver berth is about 16 kilometers. The total turnover of the cargo transportation is 45 million tons. Through Vancouver pass forest, grain, non-ferrous metals, paper, fish, plywood, cellulose.
Russian ports
Since Russia also has access to the Pacific Ocean, it is not surprising that there are Russian rather large ports. One of them is Vladivostok, located in the south of the Amur Muravyev Peninsula. The benefits of the port lies in the fact that it is quite accessible to any existing class of ships today. True, in the period from November to March, shipping in this area is carried out with the help of icebreakers. Every year through the port passes up to 7 million tons of cargo. On the territory of the port are railway lines, with a total length of 21 kilometers. The length of berths is 3.1 kilometers. Port specialization - coastal transportation in the ports of Russia, located on the Pacific and East of the Arctic.
Nakhodka - Sea Port of Russia, having federal significance. Located in the northwestern part of the coast of the Japanese Sea. In its composition - oil and universal sea terminals. Cargo turnover ports up to 15 million tons. Mainly through the find oil, metal, coal, refgrouses, containers are transported.
Of course, Vladivostok and Nakhodka are not competitors to foreign ports located on the Pacific, such as Shanghai, Vancouver or Singapore. However, it is some of the largest ports of Russia.
(about 1/3 world sea freight), yielding atl-ke in terms of traffic, is ahead of its growth rates. The characteristic feature of the sea routes in the Pacific Ocean is their very large latitudinal length (twice as long than transatlantic). Transochante roads connecting Zap. and east. The shores are grouped in two directions: American-Asian and American-Australian. Three shipped tracks were formed on the first of them. Intensive shipping routes are associated with Pacific Ports of the United States and Canada (Los Angeles, San Francisco, Vancouver) with the ports of Japan, China, Philippines (Yokohama, Shanghai, Manila). From the north-American ports are exported to Japan, forest, grain, ore, semi-finished products and finished products. There are various types of industrial products (steel pipes, electric and radio products, fabrics, fish and fish products) in the opposite direction. Less intensively shipping on the second highway from the Panama Canal and Western ports South.American in the ports of the South-Vosta (Singapore, Manila) and Eastern (Shanghai, Yokohama) Asia. Of the Latin American ports, mining and agricultural raw materials (in Japan) are exported, and in the opposite direction - industrial products. The second American-Australian transcanese direction binds the ports of North America and Australia, New Zealand. There are lines from the ports of the United States and Canada in Sydney and other ports of Southeast Australia (Newcastle, Melbourne). From the American ports of the machine and equipment, and in the opposite direction - industrial raw materials and agricultural goods. The USA to the Latin American ports are transported by equipment for the mining industry, cars and finished products. The greatest concentration of cargo turnover is noted in the ports of Eastern (Japan, Rep. Korea, China) and the South-Vost. Asia (more than 3/4 of the total freight turnover of the Pacific Ocean). The largest oil terminals of the Pacific Ocean are concentrated in Japanese (Tiba, Yokohama, Kawasaki), American (Los Angeles, Long Beach, San Francisco, Valdis) and international transit (Singapore, think) ports.
30. Economic and geographical provinces of the Pacific Ocean and their characteristics.
C-s: In economy. The province is highlighted by a high level of development of the economy and large scientific and technical potential rich in mines. The resources of its individual territories, huge fish stocks and the largest collaboration in the world, intense marine transport and developed economy. Huge human resources are concentrated here and a third world economic center has been formed, the core of which is Japan, and the "new industrial countries" play a complementary role (Rep. Korea, Taiwan) and the rapidly growing economy of modern China. Oil and gas, solid minerals (iron ore, stone coal) are produced on the shelf of the province (iron ore, stone coal), deposits of cassiterite, salt. In the open part of the ocean, ironarg revealed. and phosphorite concretion. S: Its characteristic feature is a favorable position on the highways of intensive maritime shipping and the presence of large nodes of marine communications in the straits of the Malay Archipelago. Zap. The province has large reserves of mineral raw materials, biological resources, but is inferior to North-Zap. Provinces in terms of industrial and scientific and technical capacity, as well as the level of development of marine sectors of the economy. The province's subsoil contains world importance deposits. From this region of the world, up to 70% of tin, significant amounts of oil, Fe, Mn and Cu ore, Ni, chromites, tungsten, bauxite and phosphate raw materials are obtained. In the north-east of the province, iron orders and phosphates occur, the oil, cassiterite, iron ore, glauconitis are open on the shelf. Yu-s: Fisheries did not receive widespread industrial development. The province of the province aside from the main markets predetermines the leading role of maritime communications to provide connections from SEZ. America, Eastern and South-Vost. Asia and Europe. They are Sydney and Melbourne and Avanport Gylong (specializing in grain and oil loads). In the state of the new south. Wales functions 9 seaports (Newcastle, Port Camblem, Hunter, etc.) YU.: The natural resource potential of the province is poorly studied. Oil production is underway on the islands of Tongo, the phosphorite deposits are being developed on the company's islands. The provinces's water differ in the low content of zooplankton biomass and low fish productivity (less than 10 kg / km. 2. A characteristic feature of the Southern Province is the weak development of the economy, which does not allow to conduct a broad study and development of marine resources. The basis of the economy of most island states is a plantation economy (cultivation of coconut palm trees , citrus, bananas, pineapples, sugar cane, coffee, cocoa, earthwood, breadwinning), production of fish canned and copra. County of fish island states and territories are small. The most diversified economics of Fiji, its basis is the sugar industry, tourism, forestry and Woodworking industry. S-Q: Oil and natural gas (Alaska, Los Angeles area and California coastal waters), phosphorites (California coast), precious and non-ferrous metals (gold, platinum, mercury) ores. A significant role is played by the operation of marine places of gold (off the coast of the Seward Peninsula) and platinum sands (Gulf of Hudnyus). Open water provinces differ extremely low fish products. Northeast - a zone of very intense transportation. There are tracks from Pacific Ports of North / America to the ports of Vost. Asia (Japan, China) and from the ports of the Western coast of the United States and Canada to the ports of Alaska and the Aleutian islands. Yu-B and in: Coastal countries (Peru, Chile, Bolivia) form a capacious regional commodity market, exporting minor vehicles mining raw materials, agricultural and fisheries. In Peru, large deposits of iron ore (San Juan port area), polymetals, phosphorites are being developed, oil and gas production is carried out on the sea shelf. The province is an important world area of \u200b\u200bactive fisheries.
1.
Describe the geographical position of the ocean.
Determine how the Pacific Ocean is located relative to the equator, tropics, polar circles and zero meridian.
___
2.
Set, in which direction the ocean has the greatest length, from the north to the south or from the west to the East.
___
3.
Specify, between which continents is located the ocean. With what oceans borders?
___
4.
What part of the ocean has the most rugged coastline.
a) the names of the seas and major ocean bays.
b) the name of the major islands.
Atlantic Ocean 5%
internal stock 10%
2) Seven - Arctic Ocean 50%
Pacific Ocean 10%
Atlantic Ocean 30%
internal stock 10%
3) Seven - Arctic Ocean 25%
Pacific Ocean 25%
Atlantic Ocean 25%
internal stock 25%
4) Seven - Arctic Ocean 40%
Pacific Ocean 40%
Atlantic Ocean 10%
internal stock 10%
Features of the Pacific 11-11 Pacific Ocean ishes the eastern shores of the continents: __
2 Pacific Ocean Waste Western Banks: __
3 Pacific Ocean Located in Hemispheres: __
4 Square This Ocean is the biggest on Earth. It is approximately _____% of the World Ocean Square
5 The greatest depth of the ocean and the deepest point of the Earth is in ______ yellow and amounts to ____ m
6 deep-sea gutters surround the Pacific Ocean and together with the current volcanoes and regions of earthquakes form a zone called _______
7 Powerful seaside flows along the equator from the east to the West are formed thanks to the winds ______
8 In which climatic belts is the Pacific Ocean? __
9 Call the cold flow of the Pacific Ocean __
10 In which part of the ocean is most common coral buildings?
Name 3 cities-ports on the shores of the Pacific Ocean _____
numerical seaside flows acting in the Pacific Ocean?
1) Gulf Stream 2) Brazilian 3) Guinean 4) Kurosio.
3. Casual, animal inhabiting in the natural zone:
1) steppes 2) Taiga 3) desert 4) tundra
4. However, from the main modern types of human activities in the tundra is:
1) Forest harvesting 2) mining of minerals 3) Cattle breeding 4) grain cultivation
5. The listed Flat Lake is:
1) Baikal 2) Victoria 3) Chad 4) Onega.
6. On which of the islands is the average annual precipitation as possible?
1) Iceland 2) Kalimantan 3) Madagascar 4) Tasmania.
7. What kind of minerals are confined to ancient platforms?
1) oil 2) iron ore 3) copper ore 4) polymetallic ores
8.Who from the listed travelers made a great contribution to the opening and study of Africa?
1) I. Moskvitin 2) D. Cook 3) D. Livingston 4) F. Magellan
9. Moderate marine climate is characteristic of:
1) Sumatra Islands 2) of the Pyrenean Peninsula 3) O.Velikobaznania 4) P-ov Yucatan
10. What out of the listed mountain systems is the longest?
1) Cordillera 2) Ural 3) Alps 4) Appalachi
11. What about the Peninsulas during the year there are monsoons?
1) Labrador 2) Alaska 3) Indochina 4) Somalia
12. For which of the listed natural zones is characterized by the greatest number of rodents?
1) Taiga 2) Tundra and Festry 3) steppe 4) semi-desert and desert
13. What of the listed rivers is a large number of thresholds?
1) Volga 2) Amazon 3) Congo 4) Mississippi
14. The sign of the sea type of climate is:
1) summer dry and hot 2) winter wet and warm 3) big amplitude temperature fluctuations
15. Oak, Mirt, Wild Masilli- Representatives of the Natural Zone:
1) Equatorial forests2) Treasted forests3) tropical deserts 4) large forests
1) Cordillerakh 2) Andes 3) Himalayas 4) Alps.
17.And mainland is the hottest:
1) Africa 2) Australia 3) South America 4) North America
18.Kray South Point of Africa:
1) Cape needle 2) Cape of Good Hope 3) Cape Almadi 4) Cape Rasha Hafun.
19. The climatic belt of Africa with a pronounced seasonality: dry in winter and wet summer:
1) Equatorial 2) subequatorial 3) tropical 4) subtropical.
20. The Salted Sea Sea refers to the pool:
1) Pacific Ocean 2) Atlantic Ocean 3) Pacific Ocean 4) Northern Ice
Part B.
1. Africa dispensellectric belts in order to reduce the river network thickness:
1) Equatorial 2) tropical 3) subequatorial.
2. Install the match.
Natural zone: Climate belt:
1. Wet forests a) subtropical
2. Savanna b) tropical
3. Desert c) subequatorial
d) Equatorial.
3. Distribute the southern continents as they increase their area:
1) Antarctica 2) Africa 3) South America 4) Australia.
Part S.
1. Why the highest point of Africa - Kilimanjaro volcano - is located within the platform, and not
folded area, like on other continents?
2. Are the glaciers in Africa, if so, then in which part of the mainland?
3. Why on platforms, as a rule, plains are located?
Indian Ocean1) geographical position
2) Brief History of Opening and Ocean Nature Research
3) Relief bottom and minerals.
4) climate and properties of water (temperature, salinity, etc.)
5) Surface flows in the ocean.
6) Organic World.
7) Zonal Natural Complexes and Nezonal Axial Complexes.
8) the types of manual activities of a person in the ocean; the largest ports.
Plizzzzzzz urgently need about the Indian Ocean, please help
"The Geography of the Indian Ocean" - in the Indian Ocean dwells - ... currents. Flying fish. Tuna. Squid. Sea fishery. Pearl. Bartolome Diash. Ocean bottom relief. Egyptian swimming. Ocean research. Indian Ocean. Shipping. Langust. Vasco da Gama. Islands of the Indian Ocean. Vasco da Gama ships. Geographical position:
"Pacific Geography" is an organic world. Mentai Brown algae. Named along near Mariana Islands. Seals. Ivasi. Content. Horse mackerel. Geographical coordinates of the object -, 142.2 11 ° 21? from. sh. 142 ° 12? in. d. 11.35 ° C. sh. 142.2 ° C. D. Kashlota. Very rich fauna fish. Red algae. Syvuchi. Polosatiki.
"Sea of \u200b\u200bOcean" - the sea treats we go to the sea to swim and relax. Seas and oceans. The animal world of the seas and oceans is very diverse there live mammals, mollusks, fish, viruses. Dmitry Pogonuchev. 1.000.000 million! For example, the greatest mammal on Earth lives ... in the sea!
"Indian Ocean" - the mid-ocean ridges divide the ocean bed into three parts. Types of economic activity in the ocean. From the history of the study of the ocean. Frails of the earth's crust continue in the Red Sea and go to the land. Features of the nature of the ocean. Reconcile the flow system. Who opened and explored the Indian Ocean?
"Pacific Ocean" - off the coast of Antarctica - Amundsen, Bellingshausen and Ross. Who opened the passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean? The Pacific Ocean is in the area of \u200b\u200bactive mining. What is the name of another Pacific Ocean? Find on the map and show. The peculiarity of the Pacific Ocean is the weak development of mainland ovens.
"Sea and Oceans" - the Strait of Drake and Bering is, the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev and the sea of \u200b\u200bBuffin. Fur, tide, crater, strait. Continue a list! Philippine. Shelf, ocean, chute, volcano. To answer you today to invite. Map of currents. The biggest peninsula? Bottle mail in the ocean floats. And I ask you: without tip!
Total in the subject of 15 presentations
North America
|
Valdis - 51. |
Auckland - 12. |
Seattle - 21. |
|
Vancouver - 67. |
Portland - 31. |
Tacoma - 21. |
|
Long Beach - 63 | ||
|
South America |
||
|
Valparaiso - 15. |
UASCO - 10. |
Esmeraldas - 16. |
|
Callao - 12. | ||
|
Eastern and Southeast Asia |
||
|
Kajun - 139. |
Kelang - 89. |
Tiba - 169. |
|
Hong Kong - 208. |
Kitakyusu - 89. |
Tokyo - 89. |
|
Guangjow - 168. |
Kobe - 79. |
Tianjin - 162. |
|
Kawasaki - 90. |
Busan - 163. |
Shanghai - 316. |
|
Kwanjan - 165. |
Singapore - 348. |
Shenzhen - 88. |
|
Australia |
||
|
Brisbane - 17. |
Melbourne - 20. |
Port Clemble - 23 |
|
Gladstone - 60. |
Newcastle - 83. |
Hay Point - 78 |
3. Indian Ocean
Asia and Africa
|
Damma - 11. |
Calcutta - 16. |
Richards Bay - 88 |
|
Jeddah - 16. |
Candle - 21. |
Rask Tananur - 22 |
|
Dubai - 64. |
Madras - 35. |
Hark - 20. |
|
Durban - 24. |
Mumbai - 31. | |
|
Australia |
||
|
Dampir - 89. |
Port Hedland - 90 |
Fremanl - 23. |
* - italics marked 50 largest ports of ports.
Task 2. To study the geographical types of the ports of the world (using the ports listed in the table). Results to submit in the form of table 5.
Table 5.
Geographic types of world ports
Practical work number 4
Exercise 1.Apply to the map prepared earlier (Practical work number 3) The largest ports of the world processing of containers based on Table 6 data.
Table 6.
The largest seaports of the world processing of containers, 2003
(Common Twist-Point Containers *)
|
Turning container-ditch |
Turning container-ditch |
||||
|
Algeciras. | |||||
|
Singapore |
Singapore |
Iokohama | |||
|
Philicstou |
Great Britain | ||||
|
Shenzhen | |||||
|
Rep. Korea |
Nhava Sheva (Mumbai) | ||||
|
Los Angeles | |||||
|
Rotterdam |
Netherlands | ||||
|
Germany | |||||
|
Antwerp |
Valencia | ||||
|
Malaysia |
Sri Lanka | ||||
|
Saudi Arabia | |||||
|
New York / New Jersey | |||||
|
Tanjung Pelpas |
Malaysia |
Melbourne |
Australia | ||
|
Charleston | |||||
|
Bremen / Bremerhafen |
Germany | ||||
|
Laem-Chabang |
Puerto Rico, USA | ||||
|
Joya Tauro |
Barcelona | ||||
|
Tianjin |
Hampton Roads. | ||||
|
Guangzhou | |||||
|
Tanjung Prioca (Jakarta) |
Indonesia | ||||
|
Philippines |
Tanjung-Per-Cancer (Surabaya) |
Indonesia |
* - The conditioned twenty-patte container is an international unit of measurement in container transportation. Standard container: 20 feet (6.1 m) in length, 8 feet (2.44 m) width and 8.5 feet (2.59 m) in height. The volume of such a container is 38.5 m³.There are still forty-fupping (12.2 m) and fortyatyphut (13.7 m). Most of the containers used today are forty-fuette.
The volume of transshipment of containers (thousand conventional twenty-pound containers) Show color inside Punson denoting the volume of cargo turnover. The volume of transshipment of containers is present in gradations (for example): 1 - 1.0-2.0; 2 - 2.1-5.0; 3 - 5.1-10.0; 4 - 10.1-15.0; 5 - more than 15.0. If the port is not marked on the map as the largest cargo turnover, but is included in the 50 largest container recycling ports, then sign its name on the map color corresponding to the volume of transportation in the above gradations.
Task 2. Examine the regional peculiarities of maritime transport (based on data tables 4, 6) by fifty large ports for cargo turnover and volume of transshipment of containers. Use a composed map "World Sea Transport". For studying the geography of maritime transport:
1) Build circular charts in terms of cargo turnover and processing volume of containers, highlighting the following regions: Europe, East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, South-West Asia, North America, Latin America, Australia. Make a conclusion.
2) Create the ranked rows of the five largest ports on the turnover and the volume of container shipments in each region. Make a conclusion, justifying the differences in the composition of the leaders.
3) Build charts that show the volume of cargo turnover and the volume of processing of containers in the context of the oceans (fifty large ports). Inside the diagrams, to display the volume of cargo turnover and transshipment of containers in the context of countries. Make a conclusion.
4) Make the ranked ranks of the five largest ports on the cargo turnover and the volume of container transshipment in each Ocean. Make a conclusion, justifying the differences in the composition of the leaders.