Toilet design: room design photo with original solutions. Little Toilet Interior, Photo Different Design Options Design Toilet Photos of Toilet

To achieve a cozy situation in small spaces Oh, as it is not easy! Separate bathroom is two rooms in which the area deficiency is a big problem. In order to somehow improve the position, they are often combined. GD-HOME has prepared 25 finished projects, where it is decorated stylish and practical. At the same time, the shortage of the area does not seem so such a problem! Watch!

Who should not combine the toilet and the bathroom?

According to the designer Natalia Preobrazhenskaya not everyone is worth combining the bathroom. For a large family, a common space can only create difficulties. Someone needs to be in the restroom, someone takes a shower, and if there is also an animal in the family, which is most often placed near the toilet, "there will be additional difficulties. However, this is not always the case. A family of three or four people can have a different work schedule / study, which will avoid a queue.

Is it profitable to unite the bathroom from a financial point of view?

Dismantling partition B is not cheap. Registration, disassembly, the removal of construction garbage cost a lot. But on the other hand, you can safely save on the finishing of the solved wall. Take the cost of the tile for the finishing of this wall from the side of the toilet and the bathroom, the cost of the front door and its installation. In the conditions of budget repairs, it is necessary to calculate all the options and choose the most optimal.

How can I increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe bathroom?

This can be done with the help of a hallway or corridor. Due to one or two additional square meters, the bathroom design can be significantly improved. At the same time, entering the kitchen can be transferred to the living room. Such a remission can be implemented in houses of the P-44 type, P-44T, where the corridor leading from the hallway to the kitchen can be combined with a bathroom.

It will seem spacious if instead of the shower curtain use transparent or matte glass that will not divide the space.

You can save space using an angular shower. From the inside it seems more spacious than square, and the place takes less.

Use a large mirror, at the expense of which the compact bathroom will seem much more than its sizes.

The drain system for the toilet bowl or water supply to the shower can be hidden into the ventilation box. The design of a small bathroom from it will only win.

In some homes, in the opening between the ventilation box and the wall, a compact shower fabric is perfectly fits.

The design of the bathroom will look more interesting if one of the walls make an accent. This can be done with a tile with a pattern, a monophonic bright tile or mosaic. Thus, they often allocate the wall behind the shower or bath, sometimes behind the toilet or sink.

You can decorate the interior of the bathroom and more fiscal. For example, make an emphasis on the colorful door.

Use glossy surfaces of lockers that reflect the light.

The decoration of the modest design of the bathroom can be a beautiful chandelier, posters or paintings, green plants, a rug on the floor. When these details are selected for a single style and color, the interior seems more complete.

And some more photos of the design of a small bathroom!

Most often in modern apartments and homes, you can see a kind of housing planning, in which the bathroom does not take too much space. This approach is quite practical and rational. Despite the minimum size of the room, the small toilet can be made stylish and comfortable. To do this, it is necessary to respond with the choice of style, color scheme, plumbing and lighting. It is about these important moments that our article will tell.

Choose interior style

Basic errors when creating a small toilet design - too bright palette of colors, abundance of decor and lack of a general balance. We will look at those style directions that will most harmoniously fit into a small area.

Little toilet in style minimalism

Functional simplicity and comfort is the perfect combination for a small toilet. Minimalism includes soft contrasts of light and dark shades (coffee and peach, white and gray, yellow and green), natural finish materials (glass, wood, stone), as well as the lack of bulky scenery, which can be replaced by compact decorative lamps and panels on the ceiling.

Little Toilet in Classic Style

The toilet should be arranged in a classic style if the overall interior design is made precisely in such a luxurious direction. For a small room, large chandeliers, ancient statues and metal mosaics will not be relevant. It is worth a preference to antique shell forms, a compiled mirror and marble floor.

Little Toilet in Provence style

The elegance of each individual part and the bright color gamut will be able to give a small toilet additional ease and space. It is necessary to pay attention to textiles and decor. Preference is worth linen towels and rugs, as well as paintings and mosaics, which includes floral elements and nonsense ornaments.

Little toilet in ecostel

The name of this design largely speaks for itself. Environmental materials finishing and textiles will emphasize the feature of the room, and minimalist souvenirs from stone and ceramic tiles will make the atmosphere more stylish. Colors must be as sustained and harmonizing with each other as possible.

Little Loft Style

Industrial notes in design every year are becoming increasingly popular. This is not surprising, because for modern person, not only aesthetic, but also practical moments are important. The perfect version of the small toilet in the style of Loft is flat facades, wooden elements, wall-mounted toilet and finishing one of the walls under the brick. It will look simple, original and comfortable.

Color palette

The right choice of shade for a small toilet is able to smooth out any flaws, visually increase the space and emphasize its advantages.

White little toilet

The most optimal option for a small space is not only in terms of aesthetics, but in terms of rationality. Snow-white tones are capable of visually expanding the square, making it more spacious. So that the room does not look too strictly, you can use the lamps of unusual forms, sink with designer patterns or textiles with bright elements.

Green little toilet

The olive color of the walls will be perfectly harmonized with yellow, pink, beige, peach, gray. Such a combination of two desired shades (with a predominance of green) can create a special stylish atmosphere without using an additional decor.

Brown little toilet

Coffee shades in the design of the toilet always look stylish and expensive. The main thing is not to overdo it. Brown color look great in combination with metal and wooden decor elements, as well as with snow-white plumbing, which will visually appear to be more white. The harmonious combination of contrasts will create a special interior style bathroom.

Blue little toilet

Heavenly colors may look both cold and warm. It all depends on the desired effect. There are many options for the design of the toilet with a blue shade. It can be a blue-white mosaic on the walls, gentle turquoise wallpaper or sea ornaments on the floor.

Yellow little toilet

Solar colors are well combined with all the other bright and neutral shades. Best options - yellow with turquoise, yellow with white and yellow with olive. Monthly sand motifs can be diluted with bright textiles and LED ribbons built into the mirror.

Finish and materials

The main rule of good design of a small toilet is the compliance with the rules that will help visually lengthen and expand the space due to individual elements.

Floor

The small area of \u200b\u200bthe toilet can be covered with a one-photon bulk floor, resembling gloss, which in combination with the light will give the room an additional space. The perfect choice is 6 or 8 coal tiles with small patterns. Large drawings and bulky ornaments will make the toilet even already, therefore it is worth avoided. The color scheme can be monophonic, and can combine two shades of one color (cold and warm).

Walls

The original and practical type of wall covering for a small toilet can be plastic / wooden panels, glazed ceramics, vinyl wallpaper or decorative stone. In the design it is worth giveing \u200b\u200bpreference to calm shades (sand, beige, white, blue, gray), as well as zonate bright and neutral tones. For example, white with gray, black with white, green with salad. This simple move will also help visually expand the space.

Ceiling

One of the most successful options for a small toilet can be considered a stretch ceiling (PVC film). Among his subspecies can be found glossy, silk, matte, pearl. The main thing is not to forget that the high quality of the ceiling and the general design of the toilet can only be estimated in combination with good basic and additional lighting.

Lighting and decor

Many people think that the more compact the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, the less the light sources are necessary. This is not true. A single lamp will not be able to cope with all angles of the room. A good option is point mini-lamps that can be built in the center of the ceiling or by an elongated row. Also an additional stylish spotlight can be a LED tape for a mirror or outdoor lighting. Then the room will look small and cozy, not narrow and gloomy.

Original and practical elements of the decor for a small toilet can be unusual organizers for towels, soapons, small lamps of non-standard forms, mirrors and even plants that do not require too much light (cipers, cactus, ficus).

Little Toilet Design - Photo

We have collected an interesting photo gallery, which will pleasantly surprise you and will show how you can embody stylish design ideas not only in a large bathroom, but also in a small compact toilet. Happy viewing!

Create a unique toilet and bathroom design. Photo of the best newest interior of your bathroom. Tips for choosing furniture, plumbing and materials, selection of colors and toilet design of various areas. The main focus on the design of a small size photo of the best ideas.

Choosing materials

When choosing a material for finishing in a bathroom and toilet apartment, many housing owners prefer to acquire the tile or ceramic tiles. For consumers unfamiliar with other materials capable of decorating a room constantly having increased humidity, ceramics becomes the best way to protect the walls of the room from the appearance of fungus and mold.

A variety of colors offered by manufacturers and textures of ceramic tiles, allows you to originally equip plumbing rooms by selecting the most appropriate design solution. By receiving ceramic tiles for finishing, consumers motivate their choice of attractive properties available from the tile:

• moisture resistance;
• ensures easy room cleaning;
• with a long service, does not lose external attractiveness;
• the ability to create the original design of the toilet room.

However, in addition to the traditional ceramic tile, the finishing construction materials market offers more modern options for finishing the toilet and other wet rooms, no less practical and attractive. Great plastic panels on the walls of the bathroom and toilet. Many attract their operational properties and a beautiful appearance.

Unfortunately, it can not be used in each apartment. Since when installing plastic panels, the walls of the walls are used for fastening, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room will decrease that it is unacceptable for and so small toilet and bathroom.

Unfortunately, without a dohes, it is not necessary to do. Although it smoothes the irregularities of the walls, but most importantly eats centimeters and without that small toilet room. And that I was always scarecrow - and suddenly the mold starts behind the panels. And you won't see it and you will breathe it.

This problem can be avoided when finishing the bathroom with wallpaper. Now produce a sufficient number of high-humidity wallpapers. Rolls of such wallpapers have appropriate labeling. Most often, vinyl and phlizelin wallpapers are purchased for trimber and toilet.

Relatively recently, another finishing material appeared, submitted to consumers called "Liquid Wallpaper". When finishing the room, they are applied to the wall with a special roller, so in the full sense "wallpaper" this material is difficult to call.

After drying the applied layer, it is necessary to cover it from above with a solution having water-repellent properties. Because of the ease of working with liquid wallpaper and variety of their colors, they quickly become popular.

Facing a cafeter

The tile offers several interesting solutions for creative design bathroom.

The parameters for which can be focused on the cladding of the walls of the cafeter:
• tile shape;
• placement of tiles on the wall;
• color combination.

Capper rectangular shape can be used to visually expand the narrow room. For this, the long side along the short wall. An excessive height of the ceilings will be blocked by a border from the tile, which must be done at half the height. To enhance the effect, select a tile for the toilet two shades, a brighter or dark color. Place the border below.

In the case of a low ceiling, add a height using vertical tile location. Consider the option of making an insert from the tile of a contrasting color or with a bright pattern.

The original solution for expanding the small bathroom space will be laying the tiles diagonally. However, in this case, the flow rate of the tile increases and the amount of trimming obtained, which can hit the budget reserved for the repair of a small toilet.

The tile is produced today of various sizes and shapes. For the selection, a general plan should be taken into account to avoid the non-harmonic design of a small bathroom when using too small or large tiles.

Selection of furniture and plumbing

Even if the toilet is very small, the owners want to be comfortable and, as far as possible, cozy. To visually reduce space, pay attention to the ergonomic suspension structure of the toilet. If the area allows and there is a desire, it is worth purchasing compact sink. In order to indoors the modest size of the plumbing too rushed into the eyes, her color should coincide with the walls of the walls - the toilet will seem spacious.

Pipes and glasses deteriorate significantly, so take care of their disguise. One option: small doors opening with pipes (for example, to repair them). These moments are better to think about and discuss with the master before the start of repair work.

An excellent solution for masking pipes is the use of plasterboard plates. With their help, it will be possible to hide any designs and counters. In addition, it does not take a lot of time and effort.

To the toilets visually seemed more, it is worth preferred by light doors without patterns and drawings. Assist in the "Increase" of the room and glass inserts into the door material.

The usual consumer element of the toilet design in the apartment is a mat - able to visually reduce the room, so it is better to do without it. So that bare feet are not frozen on a cold tile, which will feel more comfortable in the toilet. If you can not imagine a toilet without a rug, purchase one-window, without inscriptions that matches the color with the floor.

Visually increases the space using chromed parts.

Excellent if all the fittings are performed in a single style:
• crane shell (if it was possible to place it);
• stand under the rash and his handle itself;
• holder or dispenser for roll roll;
• button or lever on the drain tank;
• door handles and so on.

Competently picking up the components, it is possible to turn a small toilet into a stylish bathroom, looking much more spacious.

However, inverse situations are found: what to do if the toilet room is too big? The optimal output is the acquisition of a functional and stylish and toilet room, designed specifically for such premises. These are high wardrobes for detergents, lockers for toiletries or shelves for flavors - the choice depends on the preferences of the owners of the apartment.

Completing the creation of a toilet image, it is necessary to approach the choice of fittings and accessories:
• beautiful heated towel rails;
• stylish soapbox;
• comfortable stand under the toothbrushes;
• functional toilet dispenser;
• cute enshik complete with a stand, etc.

Of course, the furniture should be harmonized with a common room style.

Lighting

Properly selected lighting in the toilet is able to transform the room and present it to the execution in winning color. At the same time, the errors in lighting will be reduced to any creative with the toilet, so the basic rules in the light design of the bathroom should be followed.

As in the residential room, sufficient lighting of the bathroom will provide a comfortable feeling, and a weak lamp will create an overwhelming atmosphere.

When placing lamps, take into account the size of the room, the design and design elements used.
• Little bathrooms require more vivid lighting, which will help avoid oppressive impressions.
• The muffled light is suitable for large toilets in new buildings.

In addition to the standard lamp, large scaves look at the walls or point lighting on the ceiling or semi in the toilet.

Design nuances depending on the size

From the size of the toilet in the apartment depends on the repair plan. Consider ideas for repairing a small toilet.

Toilet design 1.5 m2

Sometimes when using simple items without much effort, it is possible to issue a unique and original designer solution for the toilet decor. To create a small room of a cozy and beautiful bathroom, it is not necessary to overload the space with different vases, panels and souvenirs.

In recent years, the main finishing material is a ceramic tile, marble and granite slabs. The interior of the toilet of a small size can be visually expanded with finishing materials, combining colors and plates location to enhance the effect. It is equally important to choose a suitable compact or suspended plumbing.

Toilet design 2 m2

The main purpose of the designer's work in premises with limited space is the most efficient use. The best installation of the unitosis is the suspension design with a built-in wall or protruding drain tank. This will significantly reduce the volume occupied by the plumbing.

The room with such an area allows accommodation and compact washbasin. This is suitable for both angular and suspended sinks, next to which hooks for hanging towels and a small mirror can visually give an excess volume of limited space.

Glossy tiles and light liquid wallpapers for the toilet are suitable for wall decoration. When choosing absolutely white material, it is worth diluting with bright elements, without which the modern design of a small toilet will come out faded and faceless.

Toilet design larger square

Large sizes are striving to give the most attractive and modern appearance, combining practicality, convenience, comfort and durability.

The combined bathroom is able to accommodate not one bath, but also, and a washing machine will fit harmoniously in the interior of the toilet. The techniques are located separately from cabinets, superstructures and a tumb, under the sink, or implement the built-in option. Bathroom and toilet design harmoniously complement various decoration elements - plates with a pattern, vases, frames with photos, etc.

Separate people strains a large space of a bathroom room. In such cases, it is recommended to choose the dark tones of finishes that can visually narrow the space. Empty places are filled with cabinets and bedside tables.

Toilet with sink

Such designer solutions are suitable only for small-sized bathrooms. There it is impossible to place a sufficient amount of accessories and furniture. But there are all the necessary components - a toilet bowl with a sink, a mirror, small shelves for storing small objects and towel holders.

Combined bathroom

It is one of the most common options. When combining the toilet and the bathroom pursued the only goal - the maximum possible use of available areas. Such decisions are inherent in different advantages and disadvantages, the main of which is the human factor when the combined bathroom is located in an apartment with a large number of people living.

Toilet room in small-sized apartments, the smallest room size. However, it is precisely the most visited. When repairing this room, a little attention is paid, and in vain, after all, its interior can be made cozy very functional and beautiful.

Despite the fact that the toilet room has small dimensions of 1.2 square meters. m. or 1.5 square meters. m., its area must be used with maximum benefit. Thanks to modern materials and innovations in the plumbing market, you can come up withinitial design of a small size toilet.

Getting Started in the toilet it is necessary to make a plan for the work of the work:

• alignment of the floor surface of the irregularities of the walls;
• replacing communication and toilet;
• erection of a niche or outlook;
• decoration of walls and gender;
• decoration of the ceiling and installation of lamps;
• connecting plumbing.

Another way to visually increase the space - to establish good lighting. The cost-effective and profitable solution will be the installation of small built-in light bulbs in the center of the ceiling, the light from them will be soft and quite bright.

To completeentertaining Little Toilet Designit is necessary to complete the installation and design of the plumbing cabinet, which is located on the posterior wall of the room. Such a niche can be closed with the help of lifting blinds or wooden flooded doors. Paper towels, soap, toilet paper, fresheners, household chemicals and so on can be kept in such a niche.

The accessories you choose can make the interior of the toilet room cozy and funny. Toilet paper holders, jarshik, towel rings, liquid soap containers All this can be chosen in modern supermarkets.

Learn more about the trim of the bathroom by reading the article about "". Perhaps you are interested in creative ""?

Make the design of your small size beautiful and cozy toilet!

And now we bring to your attention a detailed master class on the topic "Entertaining toilet design of a small size"!

At the first stage, clean the walls and the floor from the excess garbage, from old coatings, if, over, you got a secondary housing of the Khrushchev type of Soviet buildings.

The second and most important point is to replace all old rusty pipes on new plastic. Modern sewer pipes are now reminiscent of the "Lego" designer, and assemble them in the right sequence is no difficulty. As for water supply, it is better to contact a specialist, as a professional soldering iron and experience that you do not have it for installation. We took advantage of friends, of course, a more experienced specialist could collect pipes hiding them in the wall, but also took 2-3 times more.

Installation of pipes is finished, and we proceed directly to repair toilet with your own hands, to the preparation of walls and gender. Mind by putty all the irregularities and how we need to miss all the primer. The next step is a floor screed. To do this, we need iron beads, a small package of alabasra and a bag - two cement - sandy mixtures. I exhibit lighthouses at a level of 2-3 rows for not big slides from Alebaster. Since the alabaster dries very quickly, try to do everything quickly. After all the beacons are aligned in the level, you can begin to knead the screed solution. For this, a fairly ordinary bucket and a drill with a mixer. Gradually adding a mixture into water, mix thoroughly, achieving a homogeneous composition of thick sour cream. Try so that all the following races are about the same consistency, otherwise the screed can crack. Gently pour the solution so as not to move the beacons, and align the surface on them.

Toilet repair with your own hands allows you to save not small tools. On the floor, naturally, put the tile, but since I have more than two packages of the wall tile from the repair of the bathroom, it was decided to make it the floor in the toilet. Although it is intended for the walls, on the floor behaves quite normal, it does not crack and does not particularly slide. In the toilet, with your own hands, we put the tile, start from the observation wall - this is the one that you see first, opening the door. The screed is pre-preassessing the primer. Washed the tile with water, we apply the glue with a gear spatula and press it well. Unforgettable about cross, I took small 2 mm so that the seams were smaller and more accurate. Also need a slab. The grouting for the seams is better to choose a tile color or darker, light quickly will change the color and will look dirty.

There were many options, how to make a small toilet design, the photos that were previously discussed on the Internet, prompted many interesting solutions. It was decided to bleach the usual wallpapers on the walls, thereby saving on the tile. Chose the dark with the texture of the steaming fabric, they look pretty interesting, and if you smoke in the toilet, you will not darken with time.

In the design of a small toilet, two dotted lamps mounted in. Since we did not have on the walls of the tile, the installation of the ceiling cost in a penny. There are a lot of prejudices on the installation of stretch ceilings in wet rooms, when repairing in the bathroom and toilet, but as practice has shown, all this nonsense has not been noticed for more than 2 years, and there is no problem, and it will not, even if it is repairing a toilet In Khrushchev.

The design of the toilet of a small size leaves not so many options for creativity, but also there was a place for its application. It was decided to close the pipes with a backlit pipe. The design was chosen in the style of minimalism, simple and at the same time practical. The repair of the toilet in the panel house is hampered by a large amount of work with a perforator. To assemble the frame for the shelf had a lot to tinker, a standard profile for plasterboard was used. Pre-exhausted the place of attachment, installed and assembled the main design with plasterboard. The upper part collected from translucent plastic used in outdoor advertising. All items were discharged in Korele, peaked on the milling and glued together in small blocks.

When the backlight is selected, our toilet design in the panel house has been preferred by a moisture-proof LED tape. Due to the flexibility and simplicity of switching, such a backlight is easy to install even in the most hard-to-reach places and give backlight any form, in our case, it is a semicircle. For the attachment, ordinary plastic clamps were used and the entire installation process took no more than 30 minutes.

The final gathered the top of the shelf from plastic blocks, which are simply inserted between the wall and the edge of the protruding drywall as puzzles, and do not require additional fastening. So we got a pretty unusual design of a small toilet in the style of minimalism, simple and fairly modern.

Last bar remained - make a locker in the toilet with your own hands! After small thinking decided to supplement our design of a small toilet in the style of minimal and add one more bright barcode. As a basis, they took the standard Sovdomp wardrobe in the toilet, with their own hands squeakly all the metal elements, returning them to the former shine of the Soviet design. Well, on the yellowed plastic stuck club flyer in chaotic order from parties. As a result, another interesting element of the decor was turned out, perfectly supplemented our small toilet design with multi-bright colors.

There are other no less interesting repairs options.

Stylish and modern toilet design is no less important than the design of any other room in the house.

From this material you will learn about the popular trends of 2017, allowing to arrange a bathroom in accordance with the latest fashionable novelties.

Taming toilet tile - Is there an alternative?

We all accustomed to see ceramic tiles as a lining of the bathroom.

This option may seem pretty boring and outdated, but you have to please you - in the photo of the modern design of the toilet, you can see the most incredible ways of design by ordinary tiles, as well as a mass of alternative finishes.

One of the fashionable innovations of this year is toilet trim with snow-white tiles, square or rectangular shape. The entire chip is the contrast between the white cafeter and the dark seams.

Another good idea is a mosaic of ceramic tiles of different collections. Such chaotic, at first glance, the finish will become a kind of highlight of the interior.

Alternatively, you can consider wallpapers for wall decoration in the toilet.

Welcome resistant paper coating is a fairly economical and practical option, which is also suitable for designing a modern design of a combined bath with a toilet. Licarnantly looks and the bathroom decorated with marble plates or natural stone.

If you want to save - choose plastic panels as a material for finishing. Despite their simplicity, you can organize a very stylish decoration of the toilet, showing a little imagination.

Another interesting idea for those who love practicality and originality in the interior are the decoration of individual sections with glass blocks. It protects walls from pollution, and is also a stylish designer solution.

Color solutions for a small toilet

As a rule, the toilet is one of the smallest rooms in the house, but also one of the most important.

Therefore, due attention should be paid to the design of the modern design of a small toilet, and in particular - the choice of color gamut for this room. Take a note of several uncomplicated rules:

The room decorated in bright colors seems more spacious. Dark colors - visually reduce it.

Vertical stripes used to decorate walls make the room seem wider. Horizontal lines on the contrary - the space is visually narrowed.

In modern ideas for the 2017 toilet design ideas, a tendency to make up toilet rooms in a black and white color scheme. If you like such an unusual solution, use the white color as the main, and with the help of black you can create color contrasts and focus on the details.

Does your bathroom lack homemade comfort? - Warm dynamic colors will help you: orange, purple, heavenly blue, yellow, salad.

Specialists celebrate - a small room will look much more interesting if you use combinations of several colors.

Designer toilet design ideas in 2017

As soon as you look at the design of the toilet photo 2017 Modern ideas will seem completely different to you than those used by the interior specialists in the past years.

We offer you a list of ideas for the design of the toilet, which you can exercise yourself:

• Bright panel or picture with beautiful scenery on the wall;
• The interior decorated with sea accessories will create a feeling of calm and rest;
• On the wall you can equip a small shelf with clock, books and different trifles;

Planning toilet arrangement in the cottage, consider the option with the window. You can decorate it with original curtains and pots with alive plants.

Want to use modern ideas in the design of the toilet? - Install the suspension toilet! This novelty is only gaining popularity in 2017. With such a device, your toilet will become the most fashionable room in the house.

Especially good in the toilet will look a photo wallpaper. The original image in combination with a soft muted light will create a special atmosphere in the toilet room.

For lovers of wildlife there is another fashion trend - wall decoration with various vegetation. Even ordinary moss or homemade green plants will be suitable as the material.

Special irrigation systems will help to maintain the walls of the "alive" walls that will also become an excellent decoration of the interior.

How to make a modern bathroom and toilet design? - The choice of idea is yours! We hope that the above-mentioned tips and design solutions will help you in implementing the conceived, and the stylishly decorated toilet room will rely for a long time to delight the owners and guests at home.

Stock Foto Modern toilet design