Rest in the Caucasus is a perfect time spent, which gives a good mood for the whole year. In addition, health can be restored at local resorts. Areas located along the Black Sea coast are characterized by a developed recreational network. There are a large number of resort villages and cities on their territory. Conditionally can be divided into four recreation areas. They have formed around Gelendzhik, Anapa, Sochi and Tuapse. All these cities of the Caucasus are large tourist centers.
Anapa's resort area
Along the Black Sea coast on eighty kilometers, plain plateau and rocky shores stretched out, pebble beaches and sand dunes, mud hill and juniper relict forests. All this is an Anapian resort.
The Sanatoriums of the Caucasus in this zone are located not only in the city itself, but also in the surrounding settlements - Vityazevo, Blagoveshchenskoye, Sukko, Bimlyuk, and Jemet.
Rest in the Caucasus in Anapa prefer family couples with children. This is the solar place on the Black Sea coast (280 days during the year). The average annual water temperature in the coastal marine zone is 15.5 degrees, and the air is 11.9 above zero. You can swim in Anapa since May month and ending in October.
This resort contains sources of mineral waters that are used not only for a table, but also for therapeutic drinking, as well as for balneological type procedures. Practice in Anapa and a very unusual view of getting rid of many ailments. These are ampelotherapy, or grapework. Oysters, mussels and rapanov are grown on sea plantations of the city, which are used for the dietary nutrition of holidaymakers.
Numerous Sanatoriums of the Caucasus, holiday homes, boarding houses, tour bazes, youth and children's wellness centers are located in this resort area. In total, two hundred and thirty health resorts designed for simultaneous residence of forty-five thousand people are located in the specified Black Sea Territory.
Entertainment
Guests of Anapa can visit the water park built here, which is called the Golden Beach. At the nearby village of Sukko is the extreme amusement park. The picturesque castle "Lion's head" was erected on its territory, which in its architecture is similar to a medieval defensive structure. It can take at the same time 1200 visitors who will have the opportunity to see the colorful show program of the Knight's tournament, shoot in a dash from the crossbow and become participants in some other rituals in the spirit of the time.
Numerous tour desks, entertainment and cultural institutions, tourist firms are employing in the resort town of Anapa. There is a railway and bus station, the seaport and the airport.
Treatment
Rest in the Caucasus in the resort area of \u200b\u200bAnapa is a great opportunity to improve. Among a hundred seventy six Sanatorial institutions of this edge, the fourth part is year-round. An important treatment of the resort is sandy, air and sunbathing, as well as swimming in the sea.
Reliable from various pathologies contributes to the use of uodobromic water and mud. The main profile of the anapa's resort zone is diseases of the vessels and hearts, nervous system, digestive and respiration organs. In health resorts for therapeutic nutrition, the semi-art water of mineral springs are used. And the dirt from the Anapa deposits may well make a worthy competition even the most famous cosmetic and therapeutic mud existing on our planet.
Spa zone Gelendzhika
She extended along the Black Sea per hundred kilometers. The Sanatoriums of the Caucasus located on its territory are very popular with holidaymakers.
Gelendzhik city is located on the shore of the beautiful Bay of the same name. From storms and storms, it protects him the focus of the picturesque Caucasian mountains.
Gelendzhik Bay is not just the perfect harbor. Calm, heated by the sun and clean water is excellent for swimming.
The resort town spread on the seashore in the form of an amphitheater. At the same time, his green picturesque slopes of the Marcotch Range are surrounded, from which the main sandy-pebble beaches stretched for tens of kilometers at the foot of the mountains.
Climatic conditions
Rest in the Caucasus in the Zone Gelendzhik will be unforgettable for any person. This contributes to the unique nature of the edge. Climatic conditions in Gelendzhik correspond to the Mediterranean type. This is an early spring, and dry non-fit summer (the average temperature is plus twenty-four degrees), and the gentle sea. At the same time, attractive are for vacationers evergreen vegetation of the edge and freshness descending from the mountains of rivers, the absence of large flow streams and industrial enterprises.
Priority trends in treatment
Holidays in the Caucasus at sea in the resort area of \u200b\u200bGelendzhik prefer people suffering from pulmonary pathologies. Elimination of these diseases contributes to air saturated with aeroions. These elements useful for the human body have favorably affect all organs.
Excursions and entertainment
Gelendzhik is famous not only with its unique nature with healing forces. This city has a fascinating story. In the vicinity of Gelendzhik are the monuments of ancient civilization. Guests of this amazing edge can familiarize themselves with the peers of Egypt's Pyramids - Dolmenmi. These are facilities made of stone slabs. It is assumed that they were erected from the third to the second century to our era. In the vicinity of the resort town there are ruins of ancient fortresses and medieval mounds. In Gelendzhik, the water park and the adventure park works.
Resort Zone Tuapse
Where to go in the summer? In the event that the place where you are going to rest, - the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, it is worth paying attention to the territory of the Tuapse region. It contains such resort villages as Lermontovo and Dzhubga, Olginka and Novomikhalovsky, Agoy and others.
The Tuapse region stretches along the main Caucasus ridge. Its territory in length is eighty kilometers, and in width - forty three. Sand beaches are located in the center of this resort area, and in the outskirts - pebble and stone. Along the entire coast of the area there are wide valleys, on which citrus, gardens and vineyards are growing.
Climatologists consider Tuapse region very favorable for treatment, rehabilitation and recreation. This is facilitated by forests that approach the water itself.
If you arrived in the Caucasus, the recreation center or autocamping, the "star" hotel or health resort will take you at a high level and will give unforgettable days. The Tuapse resort area is a great place for children's and family holidays. There is a health resort "Orlenok". This is a major children's center that annually takes up to fifteen thousand adolescents from all over Russia. There are two hundred and sixty health facilities in the district, in which more than 32,000 people can relax at the same time.
All health resorts of the Tuapse resort zone are built along the Black Sea coast. Vacationers are given the opportunity to have a perfect time on the beaches. Not far from Tuapse (15 km from the city) built the largest water park in Russia - Dolphin. Older lovers can visit excursions and familiarize themselves with antiquity monuments - dolmen. Here is the Kurgan Psynako-1. This mysterious megalitic complex is devoted to the pagan god of the Sun and is the Caucasian analogue of the English Stonehenge.
Spa Zone Sochi.
Along the Black Sea coast, a large area spread out, which is very popular among the holidaymakers. This is a famous resort whose uniqueness is in a huge variety of medicinal factors. Its center is the city of Sochi. It is located in the North Caucasus and is distinguished by unique climatic conditions. Here subtropics are adjacent to the eternal ice. The air at the resort is refreshed by breezes, which in the afternoon blowing from the sea, and at night - from the mountains. Thanks to this, it does not happen in Sochi.
For the treatment of holidaymakers, the resort offers a variety of mineral waters, and for living - two hundred fifty objects. Among them are sixty-seven sanatoriums, twenty-seven boarding houses, seven health complexes, etc. Healthlessness of Sochi can take at the same time six hundred thousand people.
North Caucasus Rest gives an unforgettable. Here you can have a health, and inspect the numerous sights of the edge, and become a viewer of a variety of cultural events, and ride in the ski resort.
No less popular with holidaymakers Matsesta. This is a resort area in the suburb of Sochi. It has sources of mineral waters on its territory, which, from time immemorial, used to get rid of various ailments.
Found a draft of an old report, which was not previously implemented. In July 2015, rested on the Black Sea.
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The rest was the choice was between the Crimea and the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Crimea Although our, but there were concerns that there may be problems with infrastructure and throwing there. The choice was made in favor of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. I wanted more wild beaches, attractions and hiking around the surrounding area. The choice fell in the direction of the Divnomore on the first part of the vacation, and the second part passed in the vicinity of Sochi.
For the Divnomore nearest airport is Gelendzhik, but the prices of the flight did not please. In addition, I needed a car for rent so that she could take it at one airport, and to give it in Sochi. By combining these two requirements, the choice fell to the airport arrive Krasnodar with return from Sochi to Moscow. Rental company turned out Hertz, which offered the most acceptable price - in 2 weeks 23,500 rubles. The Krasnodar airport flew to lunch, on a weekday, it is for understanding that traffic jams towards the sea at the weekend much more. Office Hertz represented one girl behind the counter at the exit from the airport, which issues the documents on the car by phone caused the driver with the car. To pay, I added full insurance for 2 weeks for 2500 R.- Although it is necessary to submit documents from the traffic police to its coverage. The car came after 5 minutes at the aircraft area - 50 meters from the outlet of the airport building. Auto Kia Ceed SW with a manual gearbox, a mileage of about 55,000 km, a great condition, except for small scratches and scratches around the perimeter of the car. Fixing all the shoals in the transfer statement, it was proposed by the Hertz representative to go rather, and then, they say, free time (15 min.) At the entrance to the airport, it ended. I wonder what would happen if in 15 minutes would not meet?
It was possible to move immediately, despite the fact that the mechanics had already long did not lead. Having rarely went to Krasnodar City Mall dine and buy products and water on the road. At the same time, the SIM card was bought there, for the mobile Internet.
After bidding went to the sea. The road is good, Yandex suggested, where cameras and ambushes traffic police. The latter are found on the roads of the Krasnodar Territory quite often - catch for speeding, intersection solid, etc. After turning in the Jubgi area to the north began to meet areas of roads with road repair, which reduced speed. Before the Divnomorsky reached the hour for 3 - in the evening.
In Divnomorsk, they took a pre-Internet 2-room apartment - at a distance of 1.2 km from the sea. The car was put straight near the house on the street. The apartment is in good condition - everything that has been present, hot water in a cumulative water heater. There was no mosquito, night silence and fresh air - it was great to sleep.
In Divnomorsk, the beach was driving in the 2nd place. First next to the territory of the sanatorium Divnomorskoe. Put on the street, free. The second in the north of the Divnomorsky - paid parking, 100 rubles. day. But in Divnomorsky on the beach were 2 times all, the rest of the trips were in other places of the coast.
Divnomorskaya.
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The next day we went to the village of Dzhanhot - to which to go about 10-15 minutes. Leaving the car on a paid parking lot (100 rubles / day), went into a hiking place to the place called the blue abyss. Our trail went along the top of the coast. From Janchot is a rather steep rise in the mountain, and then hollow, with small drops up and down. In some places they were visible traces of a fire, which was in the past years in a pine forest, but a green piglet made himself between the burner branches.
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Blue abyss about 2.5 km. Stopped at the top to relax, admire the views.
Blue abyss.
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Divneorskoye away.
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In the same place there is a sideline of savages that can reach the vertices of the rocks, hang over the sea. Pine forest creates a pleasant shadow. The forest road is passing even for passenger cars, but the clearance is needed more, so in Side with his 14 cm, the lumen did not take risked here.
The trail to the sea has a steep descent, in one place there is a monument to break from the cliffs. Closer to the sea is another sackage camp, which came on foot in this place. Morals are simple. With us, a girl in one rubbish on a naked body came to the sea to wash the dishes, then removed his only clothes and bathed in the sea - a real mermaid. The shore consists of a stone that looks like chalk, but harder in structure. Oakdating in this rocky place, they found that all our items of clothing, backpacks, who lay on the stones, also painted slightly into white. I had to shake off all the property.
The sea is at the bottom of the blue abyss.
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The offline went through the same route.
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In Janchote, bathed on the beach, which is located in a small bay, lunch in the canteen. Let's go to seek the Corolenko's writer, which is located in the village. Found. At the gate of the cottage hung an announcement that if someone wants to get inside the call on such a phone and fee: from an adult 250 rubles. Almost how for calls to paid services - isn't it too much for such a small object? Therefore, we no longer noticed visitors there. After examining the house because of the fence, we went to look for a skipper.
Cottage Korolenko.
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It is located at the top of the jankhot in the forest. The road is ground. They left the car on it and from the road of 100 to the spring on foot. The spring is equipped, but the water barely becomes very cold. Having haired by spring water, went to the Divnomore rest.
Turtle spring.
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Our dinner was in Divnomorsky. Found a good dining room operating until 21:00. Good at prices, quality and assortment of dishes. This was evidenced by the queue in lunch, which was observed once. For dinner after 19:00 there is a queue, but for 5-10 minutes. On the street there is a veranda with tables, if it rain, then you can eat in the hall.
In addition, the cafe "Ivushka" was visited once - I really liked it delicious, but of course three times more expensive.
The next day was devoted to a trip to the rocks of the sail in Praskoveevsky and examining the surroundings of this village.
To Praskoveevsky ride a little longer on a good mountain road. He is south of the residence of the President of Russia, which is still built. The beach in Praskoveevsky leads a rather narrow road, at the end of which the car is put on its roads. The curbs were busy, and in some places are quite cool for our car, so they put in the parking lot for 150 rubles. The rock of the sail is the north of Praskoveevsky meters in 500-tes. On the banks of the road to it, in some places, block the jet of the filled stones and rocks. So either by the sea to bypass or climb around the stones. Near the cliff sail people are photographed, located for a holiday. Here on the boats sail from the sea excursions - admire the natural object. Indeed, there is something surprised. A lonely rock, for some reason is not eaten by the sea, as all who retold under his Nachis coast. Diving from the mask in the sea in the area of \u200b\u200bthe rocks under water discovered that it has an underwater part go out into the sea. In the area of \u200b\u200bthese underwater cliffs, a lot of livestock - fish, crabs meet and jellyfish. But Jellyfish in the Black Sea for the most part harmless - do not be stupid. But swim in a soup from jellyfish, and sometimes it is found, it is also not very nice. Dolphins were seen in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Rock Sail, almost near the coast - not more than 100 m.
Rock sail.
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The log is closed for photographing.
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View on the other side.
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Right up and reappearing, in the area of \u200b\u200bPraskoveevsky's beach, went to the cafe, where they lunch. After that, I went to watch Praskoveevsky Fike. Funky is such a place on the robus flowing in the rocky bed. The river here formed peculiar fonts in the rocks, with ice clear water. Forking on the river, we went to rest home.
Praskoveevsky Foundation
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The next day was devoted to the hike to dolmen between the mountains of Nexis and Dolmen. Diabava to the gas station "LUKOIL" and leaving the parking lot machine (44.544269, 38.147385).
This is an intermediate vertex - from the parking lot not visible and dolmen.
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They moved through the track, here you need to be careful - the movement is very busy. Mountain led the dirt road. Initially, with a slight bias and a passing majority of cars, and then the slope raised sharply, stones and bouanes on the road became more. It is possible to call only on the all-wheel drive car and not on each. Part of the road passes through the forest, in which after the rain on the road there are ruts filled with water and mud. Walking the road is passing, even in sneakers, only then you need to clean them from dirt. Rose up to the lunar dolden.
Lunny dolmen.
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Inside the dollar.
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People were located near him, and inside the man conducted some medicinal procedures. According to the beliefs of domains, these are healing. They were built to Christian Era. Waiting for the end of the procedures, looked at the dolmen inside. The applied pattern was visible on the surface of one of the walls. Noteworthy and roof of the baldman. Under the influence of natural forces, it turned into a surface made by small crater. At the other baldman, the guy is located in the tent, probably he lived there - meditated or still doing something else.
Roof of sunny dolume.
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Dolmen are carrying excursors on quadciccles and jeeps, but their flow is less here than in other places with such objects. Next, they climbed to the top of Yuneksis, having adopted from her views on the coast and mountains. At the top was the observation point (firepoint) of times of the Second World War.
Divided Gelendzhik.
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Remains of the observation point (firepoint) times of the Second World War.
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The return journey passed through dolmen and another top of the town of Dolmen.
View of the saddle and the city of Sneksus with G.Dolman.
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Down it was already easier to go down. As a result, we passed about 8 km in 3, 5 hours, typing the difference at an altitude of almost 400 m.
After bought, we went to swim in the direction of the wild beach in the north of the Divnorsky. The coast of the sea on the road to the wild beach was littered with a bunch of garbage: plastic, wood, iron - an unpleasant sight. Next debris is not so much. Without reaching a nudist beach, stopped on the protrusion of the coastline. The sea was worried, and in this place there was a shallow water, which was protected from the waves by stones on the shames. Speded, burned out. We watched how fish using a submarine gun. One of the catches for an hour scored 5 good fish pieces.
The Black Sea coast of the Caucasus is called Russian Riviera. It is located on a single geographic latitude with the Italian Riviera, the azure coast of France and the Golden Sands of Bulgaria. A relatively narrow strip of sushi between Anapa and Tuapse is at the extreme point of the northern zone of the subtropical belt.
Mountains and warm Black Sea have formed a unique nature of this fertile place. Big Caucasus affects the climate of the Black Sea coast. Between Tamanu and Anapa, he closer to the moderate sea, on the site between Anapa and Tuapse - Mediterranean, and from Tuapse to the side of the adler - wet subtropical. The south of the seaside sites are located, the more plants and representatives of the animal world are found typical of subtropics.
Plant World of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus
Warm climate, a large amount of rain and generous sun created here the most favorable conditions for growing plants, a list of which includes more than 6 thousand species of plants.
Rich forests are a characteristic feature of the Caucasus Mountains. Most of the forests of the Krasnodar Territory belongs to mountain forests. Wide oak forests grow to a height of 600 m, and above (up to the mark of 1300 m above sea level), a natural niche occupied beech forests.
The foothills and middle mountains occupied oak, edible chestnut, linden, maple, housing, evergreen shrubs. Often you can meet wild frutters with pears, Caucasian blueberries, alchois, crossyl, wild grapes, silk, cherries, apple trees, walnuts. South Gelendzhik also appear typical subtropical plants, including magnolia and palm trees.
Oriental beech, Jawor, Grab, Tis, Rock Yavor, Maple, Rowan, Low Birch, Caucasian Fir prefer Higher marks. Even above, there is a zone of subalpine meadows with anemonia, lilies, cornflowers. The height of the Alpine meadows climbed the violet, the Soyk, Lugovik, Mossi and Lichens.
Millions of years ago, the Caucasus was an island cut off from the continent. Until now, relict and endemic trees and shrubs grow here. Among them are very unusual: strawberry tree, silk acacia, iron tree. Evergreen strawberry tree really fruits delicious red berries resembling strawberries. Relic pines and juniper make a healing contribution to the fresh sea air on the coastal strip, enriching it with phytoncides.
In the gardens they grow anchored grenades, peaches, apricots, figs, walnuts.
To evaluate the unique natural features of this region, it is necessary to visit Sochi National Park.
Animal world of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus
Two hundred years ago, the Fauna of Caucasus was distinguished by wealth and diversity. But the rude human intervention into the life of wildlife affected the most negative way. In 1924, a Caucasian State Reserve was created on the northern slope of the Chief Caucasus Range to preserve and restore the populations of Caucasian deer, Bison, Tour, Sulna, Bear and Forest Curtain. In 1983, he was assigned the status of "biosphere".
Currently, the population of the animal world of the Black Sea coast is about 60. Kabani, lynx, jackals, leopard, roots, ores, sulfur, tours and other animals live here.
The bird's kingdom of the region has about 200 species. Among them are interesting and endemic: Olenipa, Tetrayev, Big Canyuk, Eagle, Yagnyatnik, Zhelnik, Witty, horned larks. Alpine daws, frozards and fasteners feel perfectly. Ular, she - the mountain turkey chose impregnable rocks for life and nests.
The populations of the cycade, butterflies, mantoms, large bubbles, fireflies are widespread. Reptiles and amphibians are small, with the exception of lizards. They are posed by Tritons, dicks, turtles. Red viper, large toads and fluffs belong to rare species. Sea inhabitants - dolphins, jellyfish, skates, sea skates, shrimp.
The climate of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus
The inhabitants of the coast joke that summer they go into a long autumn, and then in the spring. You can swim in the Black Sea coast you can almost 5 months a year. Sea water temperature in summer is from 20 to 26 ° C, air to 30 ° C. The rains fall often, but they are short, so most sunny days.
On average, the temperature in winter in the subtropical zone does not fall below 0 °. January - the time of the strongest storms on the sea, but in February, the acacia silver (Mimosa) is already blooming on the shore, Snowdrophry Voronov, at the end of March - Caucasian cyclamen. With the fact that the beach can be replaced by skiing in Red Polyana, and winter here is soft, rest on the Black Sea coast in the winter months has its attractive sides.
Black Sea Coast of Caucasus
The area covers the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus from Anapa to the border with Abkhazia. This is one of the most developed recreational districts of the country: here the highest total capacity of recreational enterprises in the country. The share of places in most of the enterprises of the district significantly exceeds the share of the population. The area enterprises are focused on servicing the population from other areas of the country, including from the most distant - Siberian and Far Eastern. All-Russian district specialization can be defined as therapeutic and wellness.
The area is stretched along the coast and represents an almost continuous band of resorts and resort towns (Anapa, Tuapse, Sochi, Gelendzhik, etc.), interconnected by electrified railway, highway and flights of pleasure ships and boats. The area takes more than 5 million people for the year, while the load is rapidly increasing.
There are large resorts in the area. Among them, the leading position is occupied by Big Sochi and Anapa. At the same time, the Black Sea Caucasian District is one of the most promising areas for new recreational construction. After all, a significant part of the coast is still very weak. In the future, a large construction is planned in the Gelendzhik district, this second after the Big Sochi of the Black Sea Resort of Russia.
On the territory of the area with the greatest effectiveness are implemented by therapeutic and wellness cycles of recreational activities. The first of them is distinguished by the uniform distribution of vacationers during the year, the second has a clearly pronounced seasonal outbreak - the blend characteristic of it (water temperature is 18 ° or more) usually lasts from mid-May until the end of October. On the entire coast, the winter is considered very mild, and in this respect the area has no analogues in Russia. Unlike other southern seaside areas, a significantly larger amount of precipitation is characterized by Caucasian-Black Sea.
The main recreational resources of the district are the sea and beaches. At the same time, their high development is currently characteristic only for the territory of the resorts - large Sochi, Anapa, Tuapse and the villages adjacent to them. A significant part of the Black Sea coast has not yet mastered.
There are large stocks of balneological resources in the district. Among the mineral sources, Mazestinskaya water is most intensively used - hydrogen sulfide chloride-sodium diverse mineralization and with a diverse concentration of hydrogen sulfide, containing lithium, nitrogen and a small amount of carbon dioxide. The resources of therapeutic mud are concentrated in the northern part of the area. For the purposes of the resort treatment in Anapa and Gelendzhik, ilic and iron-clay medicinal dirt from Oz are used. Cheburg and imported dirt from Oz. Golubnitsky.
One recreational connection was formed on the territory of the Black Sea Caucasus district - large Sochi and several large combines - Anapa, Tuapse, Gelendzhik. One of the largest recreational compounds of Russia is the resort agglomeration of large Sochi consists of six large recreational plants (Lazarevskoye, Dagomys, Sochi, Matsesta, Host, Adler). They differ in terms of development and recreational functions.
Adler is located one of the largest airports in Russia serving all resorts to Big Sochi. All resort formations are interconnected by marine passenger lines and suburban electric trains. In large Sochi, there are a single construction base, a single network of trade and procurement bases and baseline bases, uniform sightseeing (Red Polyana, Caucasian Reserve, etc.). The integrity of the Big Sochi is also manifested in the administrative design of territorial unity, which is enshrined by the existence of four lower administrative regions of the city of Sochi - Central, Lazarevsky, Adler and Hostinsky.
Big Sochi refers to traditional recreational regions of the country; His mastering began at the end of the XIX century, when the first summer cottages and boarding houses arose here. Starting from 1902, the Martis Resort began to operate. Already in 1919, the area of \u200b\u200bSochi - Matsesta was declared the resort of the Union-Union Value. From this time, in Russia, a new era began in the Soviet Sanatorium-Resort Construction. In Sochi, in the 20s, the first Soviet sanatoriums were built - a sanatorium hotel for 150 seats and "mountain air" per 100 seats. In the 1930s, the first district layout of one of the main and rapidly developing areas of the Sochi district - Matsesta was developed. The capacity of resort resort in the 1930s compared with 1913 grew almost 9 times, from 10 thousand seats in 1913 to 86 thousand in 1936.
Currently, large Sochi has stretched more than 140 km along the coastal strip. More than 50 sanatoriums are located on its territory, about 40 pension and rest houses, numerous recreation centers and pioneer camps. Firstly, this is the largest health complex of the country, passing about 3 million holidays annually, in the system of classes of which the bathing and beach cycle of recreational activities dominates. Secondly, this is one of the largest medical centers of Russia, whose institutions annually take more than 300 thousand people. Significant development received sanatorium-resort service. The resort has 300 diagnostic and therapeutic offices, 32 hydroelectrics, 7 mud agents, 17 winter bathing pools, etc.
Huge works are performed by the Medications of Macesta, the resort is equipped with 8 bathrooms and hydropathy. Thirdly, it is the most important excursion center (over 2.5 million excursions). Fourth, this is a major tourist and sports center (annually on the campgrounds and in sports camps is resting over 100 thousand people). Here are a pre-season preparation for many athletes (players, cyclists, athletes, etc.). Fifthly is a prominent cultural center of the country - the film festivals are held every year. At the same time, Big Sochi is the place of short-term recreation of residents of the Krasnodar Territory, especially cities located away from the sea (Krasnodar, Maykop, Armavir, Kropotkin, etc.).
Recreation service is the leading branch of the economy, which determines the emergence of new serving enterprises that complement specialized recreational enterprises. A large recreational and economic complex has been formed here and continues, in which over 90% of the working-age population is already occupied. At the same time, only medical personnel in large Sochi - there are more than 28 thousand. The main part of the temporary population is vacationers who arrived without vouchers (about 70%). It is characteristic that of the total number of vacationers, about 60% arrives by plane and only 38% by rail. The role of motor vehicles is insignificant (2%). About 77% of holidaymakers are located in the resort for more than 10 days. Unlike other seaside resorts of Russia, the territory of Big Sochi is relatively small for short-term recreation.
The most important natural resources used in Big Sochi are climate, sea with beaches and mineral waters. Particularly complex problems arise in connection with the use of beaches. Currently, in Sochi there are 22 urban beaches, designed for simultaneous reception of 4.4 thousand people. However, in fact, their one-time burden reaches 9.5 thousand people. In recent years, work is underway to create artificial beaches; On the plot between Tuapse and Adler, more than 6 km of artificial beaches were created. Within certain areas, the beaches are unevenly distributed: Lazarevskoe accounted for 20%, Dagomys - 2.2, central Sochi - 32.3, the host - 1.5, Adler is 44%.
black Sea Coast of Caucasus
The Black Sea Coast of the Caucasus is the Black Sea coastline from Anapa to Batumi, which includes a group of resorts, resort villages and therapeutic areas of the Krasnodar Territory, Abkhazia and Adjara. The strip is limited from the West by the Black Sea, and from the north and east, the Caucasian mountain range and its spurs. The length of it is more than 700 km, the most narrow place in Novorossiysk and Kabardica; To the north and south, the strip is expanding, reaching 40 km in the Anapa district, and near Sochi is 60 km. The height of the Chief Caucasus Range is already in the Tuapse region exceeds 1500 m, in the Sochi area - 3000 m and further in Sukhumi rises to 4000 m, then decreases to the south throughout the Surrass Range (1000 m) and again increasingly up to 2000 m in Batumi region (Adjara the mountains).
The landscape of the coast is diverse. Due to the specifics of the geographical position, the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus is divided into two large climatic belts: Northern - from Anapa to Tuapse with the devils of a moderately warm climate of Mediterranean type and South - from Tuapse to Batumi with a climate of wet subtropics. Both of these Areas (especially Northern) are rich in the sun. The number of solar shine watches ranges from 2400 in Gelendzhik until 1930 in Sochi and Batumi. Protection from the effects of continental climate (better in the southern part of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus) and the influence of the warm sea act a beneficial to the natural conditions of these areas, specifically different in different seasons of the year. Winter is mild with an absolute predominance of smuncorn weather (the average monthly temperatures of the coldest month are higher than 0 °, reaching 1-6 °). On the plot between Novorossiysk and Tuapse, cold air flows breaking through the mountains cause strong, and sometimes hurricane winds (boron), a sharp decrease in temperature, heavy snowfalls, a lot of excitement on the sea, glaciation.
Thanks to the well-pronounced sea rates of climate, interteulous variability, as well as the amplitude of daily air fluctuations in winter, is insignificant.
During the whole warm period, the conditions for various forms of climatopulation and, in particular, aerotherapy are very favorable.
In June and October in the northern part of the coast, the equivalent effective temperature (et) is less than 16 °. In the south of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, in July and August, there are often cases (up to 15%), when the EET is above 23 °, leading to the state of heat overheating, which requires reinforced aerosolayarium ventilation. The latter is especially necessary during heliotherapy in the near-rigeon clock when the thermal sensation of a person is largely determined by the intensive effect of solar radiation, an equivalent increase in EET by 4-6 °.
Thalassotherapy conditions on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus are very favorable especially from July to September. During this period, the repeatability of meteorological complexes, characterizing the comfortable conditions of marine bathing, when the water temperature in the sea is above 20 °, and the excitement of the sea does not exceed 3 points, it is 80% everywhere.
In October, the repeatability of such complexes is most significant only in the most southern resorts (Sukhumi and the Batumi resort area), where it is more than 50%. However, thalassotherapy capabilities are somewhat lowered by passing cyclones.
A large amount of precipitation, a significant kolkhida wetting, as well as the constant impact of evaporation from the sea, cause high humidity in the south of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. In combination with elevated temperature, this leads to a fairly frequent formation of wet-rain weather, which is one of the typical damage of the wet subtropics climate. Being very hot and very wet, causing a feeling of a stuff and makes it difficult to evaporate the sweat from the skin of a person, this weather is unfavorable under a number of diseases. In general, the climatic conditions of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus are favorable for climate treatment during the year.
On the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus there is a large group of seaside resorts, mainly climatic. The exception is to Sochi and Sukhumi, which, due to the presence of mineral sources, are climatobalneological. The following is a brief description of the main resorts of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and Abkhazia from Anapa to Batumi.
The following resorts are located on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory.
Anapa - Primorsky and mud pre-saying climatic, mainly children's resort of Mediterranean type, in the northeastern shore of the Anapskaya Bay of the Black Sea, 52 km from Novorossiysk and 33 km from J.-d.st. Tunnel North Caucasian D. Summer is very warm, dry, with plenty of sunny days (in July 23). Winter is soft (in January 1 °), short, windy, with strong Nord-Od. The number of solar shine hours per year is 2400. precipitation for the year 420 mm. "Golden" beach with rare purple-grained sand. Aerogelitamotherapy, mud, mud, is widely used. The resort has a large number of children's sanatoriums, pioneer camps, a large resort clinic and water-sinking, holiday homes, boarding houses, hotels.
Indications: Nonuberculosis respiratory diseases, functional diseases of the nervous system, anemia, the effects of polio and diseases that require mud (motion and support organs, peripheral nervous system, gynecological).
Kabardinka - Climate seaside pre-spoor resort of Mediterranean type, 14 km from Gelendzhik and 23 km from Novorossiysk. Summer is very warm (in August 24 °), a lot of sun, winter is soft (in January 3 °), but there are Nord-osse, at which the temperature is sharply reduced. Beach, sea bathing, grapework. The resort has a sanatorium for children and adolescents, holiday homes.
Indications: Nonuberculosis respiration diseases and functional diseases of the nervous system; Lung tuberculosis (for a children's sanatorium).
Gelendzhik - Climate Primorsky Pre-Spoor Resort of Mediterranean Type, 43 km south of Novorossiysk. The resort area takes all the coast of a beautiful oval, almost closed Gelendzhik bay, including a thin cape (Sunchard) and a fat cape. Winter is very soft (in February 4 °), summer is warm (in August 24 °) with a large repeatability of hot weather. Autumn significantly warmer spring. The precipitation is 800 mm per year, most of them falls in the winter half of the year. The duration of sunshine is about 2400 hours a year. In winter, Nord-outer. A part of Gelendzhika is the best in climatic and landscape terms - a slim cape (Sunchard). Sea breezes freely passing through the cape, significantly die of summer heat, maintaining constant purity and freshness of air. Here are focused tuberculosis sanatoriums, including children's costeburkulic. Convenient bathing beaches are mainly located on the thin cape. Major medicinal products: climatotherapy and sea bathing. Some sanatoriums use mud. The resort has a lot of sanatoriums, rest houses, boarding houses, resort clinic.
Indications: tuberculosis of the lungs, bones, joints and glands (for tuberculosis sanatoriums); Nonuberculosis respiratory diseases, functional diseases of the nervous system, cardiovascular diseases with blood circulation deficiency not higher than IIA, obesity, gout, anemia. In the sanatoriums with mud and the associated diseases of the peripheral nervous system, movement and gynecological organs.
The Gelendzhik resort area also includes the following resorts: Fake Gelendzhik - a small resort village, 12 km from Gelendzhik. The climatic conditions are the same as in Gelendzhik, but thanks to the high mountain range, the action of the Nord-exa is weaker. Beach width 18 m. Holiday homes.
Dzhanhot - 15 km south of the fake gelendzhik. Rich vegetation. Pine forest (more than 100 hectares) and a wide beach. Holiday homes.
Archo-Osipovka is a resort village, 60 km south Gelendzhik, with a comfortable beach. The surroundings and slopes of the mountains are covered with rich vegetation. Sanatorium for patients with functional diseases of the nervous system and diseases of the breathing organs of a non-tuberculosis nature.
Jubga - Climate seaside resort and settlement, 77 km Sev.-Zap. Tuapse. Sand beach. Holiday House.
Novo-Mikhailovskoye - Climate seaside resort and settlement, 53 km of Sev.-Zap. Tuapse, with a sandy beach. Large sanatorium pioneer camp RSFSR "Orlenok".
Nebug - Climate seaside resort, 27 km Sev.-Zap. Tuapse. Climate and nature of wet subtropics. Beach made of shallow rolling. Sanatoriums and holiday homes.
Head - Climate seaside resort, 49 km from Tuapse and 31 km from Lazarevskoye. The climate of wet subtropics. Beach made of finely rolling pebbles. Sanatorium for patients with functional diseases of the nervous system and upper respiratory tract.
Sochi - See Sochi.
The following resorts are located on the territory of Abkhazia.
Leselidze - Climate seaside resort, 14 km north of Gagra and 48 km from Sochi. Climate and vegetation of wet subtropics. Sea bathing. Holiday homes and children's sanatorium.
Gagra - Climate seaside preinsh resort of wet subtropics, 60 km from Sochi and 80 km from Sukhumi. It takes a narrow coastline of the Black Sea and the nearest slopes of the Gagrinsky ridge descending to the sea. The slopes of the mountains are covered with dense forest and cut the gorges for which mountain rivers go down to the sea. Summer is very warm (in August 23 ") with a predominance of sunny weather, winter is soft (in January 6 °). The autumn is 1410 mm in July and August. In July and August with a big humidity. And sometimes up to half of November. In Gagra, there are many sanatoriums, boarding houses, rest houses, resort clinic.
Indications: functional diseases of the nervous system, diseases of the cardiovascular system with insufficiency of blood circulation not higher than II and the degree, breathing organs of a non-tuberculosis nature, violation of exchange (obesity, gout), anemia.
Mussera - Primorsky climatic resort in the Gudautsky district, 22 km from Gagra and 10 km from Pitsundsky Cape, in the valley of the river. Musser. Climate and vegetation of wet subtropics. Melkopean beach, the bottom of the sea, comfortable for swimming. In the Mussere in winter, warmer compared to other resorts of Abkhazia.
Pitsunda - a climatic seaside resort on the Pitzund Cape Far Africa, 20 km south of Gagra. The climate of wet subtropics. A solid pine grove stretches with a ribbon along the seashore. Large boarding house, cottage and tourism. Sand-pebble beach.
Gudauta - Primorsky pre-spoor resort of wet subtropics, 37 km from Sukhumi and 43 km from Gagra. The climate is similar to the climate Sukhumi (see below), but somewhat colder. Sea baths from May to October. Sanatoriums and holiday homes. Indications are the same as the Gagra resort.
New Athos (Ahali Afoni) - Climate Pre-Primorsky Resort, 28 km to Sev.-Zap. From Sukhumi and 62 them from Gagra. The climate of wet subtropics. Located in a narrow coastal valley on the terraces formed by the nearest mountains. Summer warm (in August 24 °), winter is very soft (in January 6 °). The best time of the year is autumn. Sea baths continue from May to October. Sanatoriums, holiday homes and resort clinic. Indications are the same as for Gagra.
Sukhumi - Climathedobalneological seaside resort of the subtropical zone, in the depths of the extensive bay of the Black Sea. Summer is very warm (in August 24 °) and wet; In July and August, stuffy and lowered. Winter is very soft (in January 6 °), solar, with plenty of precipitation. The best time of the year is autumn. The number of solar shine watches for the year 2240. There are precipitation over a year about 1460 mm. In recent years, mineral springs of various chemical composition are derived in Sukhumi: Drilling No. 1 with nitrogen-thermal (42 °) sulphate-chloride sodium-calcium water with mineralization of 1.6 g / l; Drive No. 2 with a weased hydrogen methane chloride sodium water with mineralization of 15 g / l and a temperature of 29 °; Drive No. 3 with methane-nitric chloride sodium water with mineralization of 10.5 g / l and temperature of 26 °; Drive No. 4 with nitric sulphate-chloride-gprondrbonate sodium water with mineralization 1.27 g / l and 39 ° temperature. Source water is mainly used in the form of baths. Sukhumi is a branch of the Georgian Institute of Resortology and Physiotherapy, a number of sanatoriums, rest houses, boarding houses and a resort clinic.
Indications are the same as for the Gagra, as well as diseases of the organs of the non-tuberculosis nature, the peripheral nervous system and gynecological.
Gulipshi. - Resort, located 9 km from Sukhumi and 3 km from the sea at an altitude of 120 g. The climate is similar to the climate Sukhumi. Large sanatorium for patients with active lung tuberculosis.
Resorts are located on the territory of the Adjara ASSR: Makhiphauuri, Green Cape, Cyikhis-Dziri, Kobuleti (see Batumi resort area).