DIY ramps. We make our own metal ramp

Unfortunately, it sometimes happens that in a family one of the close relatives, for one reason or another, is forced to move in a wheelchair, or, on the contrary, a joyful event happens - the addition of offspring, and young mothers, of course, need to take their child for a walk . Whether it’s a wheelchair or a child’s stroller, in any case a problem arises - these are steps that create difficulties not only in the entrance of an apartment high-rise, but also on the stepped porch of your own house or store. In this article we will pay attention to how to make a ramp with your own hands in the entrance.

What is a ramp? This is an inclined platform, but we will consider exactly the one that connects two horizontal planes to each other. It is relatively easy to build such a platform. But making it safe and easy for a wheelchair user or a young mother with a stroller to climb and descend this structure can be really difficult. Let's consider the design of ramps and their installation.

Folding ramp

Typically, the simplest ramp design is two metal channels located parallel to each other.

If this is the entrance of a high-rise building, then it would be best to make the ramp universal and, importantly, folding - then it will not disturb anyone and all residents of the apartment building, and not just wheelchair users, will be able to use it if necessary. To do this, the structure must consist of two channels 200 mm wide. In addition, for good adhesion, the surface of the channels must be corrugated or covered with special anti-slip pads. All this is necessary for reasons of safety and practicality of the ramp itself.

So, our task is to make a stationary or universal, relatively lightweight folding ramp at the entrance.

What to consider in the design

The length of the channel rails may not necessarily correspond to the size of the flight of stairs. If there is enough space in the entrance, then you can play a little with the angle of inclination. The fact is that the longer the rails are, the smaller the angle with respect to the horizontal surface will be, due to this the slope of the entire ramp structure will be more gentle, which, in turn, will enable a disabled person in a wheelchair to independently overcome this slope in one way or another direction.

As for the flight of stairs of the entrance, it does not have the angle of inclination we need, so if, due to lack of space on the entrance landing, we are forced to make a channel along the length of the flight, then the slope of the ramp will be quite steep, and a person in a wheelchair will only be able to use it provided that he has an accompanying person with him. Let's discuss just this case.

Where to begin

• We drill holes in the channel for the hinges, which we purchased in advance at a hardware store. For this design, powerful door hinges are used.
• We install the hinges from the bottom of the channel using bolts with countersunk heads.
• On the other hand, we attach extension plates to the railing structure. They should be of such length that the ramp can be leaned against the railing itself.
• We install extension plates to the vertical posts of the railing with bolts. It is worth saying that the rectangular recesses in the plates should be slightly wider than the metal section of the vertical elements in the railing structure so that the plate itself can be firmly secured.
• We measure the distance between the channel rails so that it matches not only the width of the wheelchair, but is also suitable for a baby stroller and even a trolley bag.
• Using bolts with countersunk heads, we connect the channels from below to each other with metal spacers - an angle or steel strips 3-5 mm thick and about 40 mm wide. It is worth considering that there should not be many spacers (maximum 3 jumpers), and they should fit tightly to the surface of the steps so as not to create difficulties for the person who will support the stroller from behind.
• We install the fasteners. At the end of the channel we attach a regular door handle-brace to the ramp overpass farthest from the railing. It will simultaneously play the role of both a handle and a loop through which you can attach the ramp to the railing using a chain with a lock or a regular metal hook, if the design of the railing allows.

It will be great if the ramp is foldable and made of light metal alloys, such as aluminum. It will be quite light and easy to use. However, there are some points that especially need to be paid attention to. Firstly, this material is very expensive. Secondly, hunters for non-ferrous metals will not pass by such a ramp. In other words, they will simply take it away. You can use a channel or make it from stainless or galvanized steel, but in this case the ramp will be heavy and not everyone will be able to lift it.

Made of wood

If you decide to build a folding wooden ramp, then we can say that there are no serious design differences from a metal ramp. The only difference is that making this design will require more time and effort. Why? It is not enough to find suitable wooden boards that can withstand heavy loads.

Firstly, the wood must be well planed and must be varnished, and it is advisable to varnish the bottom - non-working surface of the boards. In this case, the wooden ramp will last a long time. Secondly, along the edges of the boards, along the entire length of the ramp, for safety reasons, it will be necessary to fill the sides with slats, both internal and external, of such a width that the wheels of both wheelchairs and baby strollers can freely fit on the working surface.

The ramp must be installed in such a way that the entire structure is located at least 50 mm from the wall or railings. This will eliminate any contact with vertical surfaces and, therefore, avoid inconvenience both during descent and ascent.

As you can see, installing a ramp of this design is not at all difficult. The main thing is that it is convenient and easy to use, as well as safe. Try to follow all these recommendations when making a folding ramp in the entrance of an apartment high-rise, and then you will create more comfortable living conditions in your home not only for people with disabilities, but also for yourself.

Video

In this video they will tell you how to make a ramp by correctly calculating its angle:

Today we can see a huge number of people with disabilities on the streets. But it often turns out that those around them, and in particular the state, forget about their civil rights and special needs. One of these needs is a ramp - a structure without which the movement of people in wheelchairs often becomes simply impossible. Without a ramp, you won’t be able to leave your apartment, go to a supermarket or pharmacy, or attend a match of your favorite football team. Among other building structures, the one we mentioned is perhaps the simplest, but not everyone can answer the question, how to make a ramp with your own hands? First you need to understand what this design is? A ramp is a platform with a slight slope, with the help of which surfaces located at different levels in relation to each other are connected. Most often you can see such platforms made of concrete near the entrances to public institutions, made of metal - in the entrance of any residential building, made of wood - in private country houses.

In addition to the fact that ramps differ in the material they are made of, they can also be differentiated by the type of construction. For example, the most common is the stationary option. Fixed ramps are, of course, structures made of monolithic concrete, which are often laid at the design and construction stage of any facility.

However, permanent ramps are often made of metal or wood. Stationary structures are most often located outside the building.

Idea! Inside the building, folding structures are more acceptable, which are installed in the working position only as needed.

The folding structure is partly stationary, since it is always in the same place. But it can be folded back in order to free up the passage on the landing. They are popular in private houses and entrances of multi-storey buildings. Making such structures with your own hands takes a minimal amount of time and effort.

Another type of ramps are removable structures:

• ramps that are installed to cross the threshold;

• telescopic structures that can be extended as needed;

• roll-ramps, conveniently rolled up like a carpet and not taking up much space.

Rollopandus review https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AXwrtPRhcKM

Advantages of constructing a ramp made of metal

It should be noted that the ramp is indispensable not only in those houses where there are wheelchairs , but also children's transport on four (or three) wheels. Young mothers should not lift the stroller with the baby up the stairs. Firstly, because it is a lot of physical activity, and secondly, because it is very unsafe for both the child and his mother. Therefore, the ramp is appropriate in an apartment building, in a public institution, and in a private house where there are only two floors. If you are tired of waiting for local authorities to arrange a ramp near your entrance, devote just one day to this issue - and you can build a safe ramp for everyone in need with your own hands.

Today we will talk about the simplest, most reliable and convenient design - a metal ramp. This design is suitable for installation both inside and outside the building. It can be fixed in place or folded down. If there is an urgent need to install a ramp on the street, but there is no excess metal at hand, make a ramp from concrete. Just remember that it will be suitable for use only after 28 days, when the concrete gains strength.

After you have poured the concrete, you need to wait about a month for the concrete to set. After this period, the ramp will be ready for use.

This fact once again indirectly indicates that it is better to focus on a metal structure, which will significantly save time spent on manufacturing an inclined platform.

Initial materials for the work

So, let's try to work together to make a metal ramp that can be put aside when not needed, that is, with a folding design. Making such a ramp will take a minimum of time.

Advice! Before you start building a ramp, take the time to read some of the regulatory requirements for the arrangement of these structures.

For work we will need the following consumables:

• Metal channels – 2 pcs. When choosing a rental number, keep in mind that the channel must have a length that covers the flight span, and its load-bearing capacity must ensure that the load from the stroller with a person is accepted. Do not take heavy channels - keep in mind that the ramp will be folded back manually by a person.

• Spacers. They are necessary for connecting the channels to each other. When choosing, focus on pipes or angles and sheet metal up to 5 mm thick and up to 40 mm wide.

• Door hinges for attaching the ramp to the wall and allowing for tilting.

• Plates. They will be needed to move the ramp to the required distance from the wall.

• Other fasteners (screws, bolts, nuts, etc.). Stock up on three pieces of each of the parts mentioned in this paragraph.

Consistent execution of construction work

Work on building ramps with your own hands should be done in the following sequence:

• First, drill several holes in the channel so that they line up with the holes in the hinges. Attach the hinges to the channel, which will be installed closer to the wall, using bolts. If you remove the chamfers from the hinges, then the bolt heads will not be noticeable in the mounted structure.

• Select extension plates so that they match the width of the hinges. Keep in mind that the railing posts will be installed in the plates in the future, so make cutouts in them that are slightly larger in diameter than the railing posts.

• Determine the required length of spacers or the distance between the ramp channels. You should base this on the distance between the wheels of a baby stroller or wheelchair. Try to ensure that there are no gaps between the spacer and the concrete step. Otherwise, the person following the stroller has every chance of tripping and falling.

• Secure the channels with spacers using bolted connections or manual welding.

• Last thing. Provide a device for attaching the ramp to the wall in the non-working (folded) position. This can be a latch mounted on the wall, or a loop attached to the far channel. A chain loop with a lock can be secured to the handrail.

At this point, all work on making a ramp from metal with your own hands is completed. Feel free to test your creation. If the testing was successful, then you did everything correctly and the device is ready for use. Folding ramp at the entrance https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdWOw2F9M68

The technology of pouring concrete onto inclined surfaces is common in both private construction and large projects. Difficulties in performing such work arise mainly in cases where the owner decides to pour concrete at an angle at home.

Without knowing the specifics of the procedure and the options for its implementation, achieving the proper strength and aesthetics is quite difficult.

If we talk about large objects under construction, the technology in question is used in the arrangement of the following elements:

• exits to underground parking;
• ramps for wheelchair access;
• ramps for the delivery of mobile stretchers;
• entrances for freight transport;
• inclined floor slabs.

In all of the above cases, professional teams usually work with appropriate devices in the form of sliding forms and other equipment. If we consider the issue from the point of view of private construction, then pouring concrete at an angle can be used in the three most common cases:

• arrangement of screeds in the bathroom, shower or bath;
• construction of a blind area around the house;
• arrangement of entry or exit to garages.

In these cases, various available (and not only) devices and technologies for inclined concreting are used, briefly described below.

Concrete mixture for pouring at an angle

One of the most important aspects of construction in such conditions is the correct preparation of the concrete mixture. In terms of composition and proportional ratio of components, it may not differ from those traditionally used in the construction of screeds, foundations and other structures. The main feature of concreting an inclined surface is the consistency of the composition.

Concrete for such tasks is made thicker than for conventional forming work. How to correctly determine that the mixture is suitable for pouring an inclined surface? The simplest and most obvious way to do this is to place part of the prepared concrete on a plane with the same slope as the area being treated. As a result, the mixture should not slide off this surface, and at the same time not be too dry, that is, crumbly.

Otherwise, the preparation of concrete is carried out according to the generally accepted recipe, taking into account where the pouring will be done. For interior work it will be a cement-sand mixture in a ratio of 1:4, and for exterior work, respectively, 1:3. The standard grade of cement is 400. There are no special requirements for sand, other than cleanliness.

Technology for concreting an inclined surface indoors

As mentioned above, pouring concrete on inclined surfaces indoors is necessary when arranging shower rooms, as well as when building a bathhouse or sauna. For example, if a swimming pool is being installed, then the floors around it should also have a certain slope. The easiest way to explain the technology of pouring concrete at an angle indoors is to use the example of a shower room.

Moreover, this is the type of work that people encounter most often.

Arranging a shower drain begins with preparing the base. This includes the installation of a sewer system, a cushion, and a rough screed (without a slope). Next comes one of the most important stages - installation of beacons. A number of nuances may arise here, but if the drain hole is located in the middle of the shower, then the guidelines are set as follows. First, the first beacon is placed from the drainage hole to any of the corners. In this case, its elevation should correspond to the calculation of two centimeters per meter of floor. After installing it, marks are made in the remaining corners at the same level as the template beacon. Next, all other signs are mounted.

Further work is a matter of technique and experience. Shower rooms are usually small, so if the solution is prepared correctly, then pouring concrete on an inclined surface and leveling it along the beacons will not be a difficult task.

Ramp technology

Such designs are used to implement entry or exit to the garage. They are made using the technology of pouring concrete at an angle. You can make a ramp in several ways, the most common of which are the two described below.

The first option is suitable for those who have the opportunity to order or prepare a large amount of concrete in one go. In this case, it is more cost-effective to arrange complex formwork for the entire ramp at once. It is done very simply. A small layer of ordinary concrete mixture is poured onto a pre-paved cushion (at an inclination of up to 5 cm per 1 meter). A reinforcing mesh is laid on top of the resulting base.

Next, the formwork is assembled, which consists of transverse cells made of boards, plywood or other material. In fact, two guides are installed at the desired angle along the edges of the future ramp, and jumpers are mounted between them at a distance of about half a meter from each other.

After filling this form with a semi-liquid solution, the surface is leveled. In this case, both guides and jumpers will serve as beacons if they are installed with proper care. When the concrete sets, the lintels are removed, and the remaining cracks are filled with ordinary liquid mortar.

The second method is suitable in cases where it is not possible to provide a large volume of solution for pouring concrete at an angle, and cellular formwork is not available. To fill a garage ramp, you can use temporary formwork. It is installed in the form of a rectangular frame, the length of which will correspond to the width of the ramp, and the width is about half a meter.

Having installed such a structure at the starting point of the future ramp, it is poured at an angle with concrete of the appropriate consistency and leveled. When the mixture hardens, the formwork is dismantled and installed further along the ramp area, then the operation is repeated. In this way, you can equip a site on a slope of almost any length without any significant amounts of material and equipment.

An extensive range of formwork that allows you to perform these and other works is presented in our catalog. We offer both disposable and reliable prefabricated formwork that can be used repeatedly. If necessary, equipment can be rented.

A ramp is a special flat structure consisting of one continuous or two parallel inclined platforms, with the help of which horizontal surfaces located at different heights relative to the ground are connected. A folding ramp for baby strollers or wheelchairs is convenient because comfortable movement along it is achieved by tilting it at a certain angle to the ground. To move upward, in addition to the runners for the wheels, a railing must be installed, holding on to which a person in a wheelchair can climb up.

What is a ramp for?

Based on the very definition of a ramp, you can understand why it is needed.

Concrete ramp

The main purpose of connecting steps is to help people with disabilities climb independently in areas where it is only possible to do so with the help of steps. These are mainly porches and staircases of houses where people with disabilities live, porches in front of public institutions and shopping centers, staircases in underground passages, subway descents, etc.

Ramps can also be used to move baby strollers, which are quite difficult to lift up regular stairs.

To make ramps, the main material used is metal, concrete, asphalt or other components that can provide sufficient grip on the wheels of a child's or wheelchair.

Depending on the type, ramps are divided into:

• Stationary, which can be installed as a continuous inclined surface with a device for self-lifting, or consist of 2 platforms, between which there are platforms for lifting the person transporting the stroller from behind;
• Stationary folding ones, which, due to the lack of space, provide for the use of the same part for both people moving in a wheelchair and for a normal lift;
• Portable roller ramps, consisting of interconnected plates, which, thanks to rolling, do not take up much space, but allow you to quickly equip a section of the stairs for the mobility of disabled people;
• Telescopic and other folding types of ramps, which are made of light but durable material that can withstand loads of up to 400 kg;
• Small ramps designed to overcome rapids.

How to install a ramp for free?

According to the current legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as adopted UN conventions and developed accessibility programs, the stairs of all residential buildings under construction must be equipped with ramps. In already built houses, it is mandatory to install ramps during major renovations or after the request of residents.

At the same time, all work must be carried out in strict compliance with building codes and regulations (GOST 35-01-2001), and in case of violations, the contractor is obliged to eliminate them upon request.

If you do not want to wait for the repairs to be carried out or the contractors for some reason ignored the work on installing the ramp, then you should submit an application addressed to the head of the housing office or the management company on whose balance sheet your house is located.

In this case, the application is written in 2 copies - one application is given to the applicant with a registration mark, and the second remains in the organization that accepted it. Also in the text itself, in addition to the request to install a ramp, it is necessary to indicate the specific location (entrance, floor, porch, etc.) of its placement and the desired type of structure (stationary, folding).

After a period of time that does not exceed 30 days, a decision must be made on consent or disagreement to carry out the work. If the authorized organization refuses to install a ramp, then you must contact the prosecutor’s office, administration or court to appeal this decision.

It should be borne in mind that if you install a ramp with your own hands, without coordination with the construction company or the housing office, they can dismantle it themselves or demand it from an unauthorized installer, which, from the point of view of the law, will be absolutely legal.

DIY ramp

If an inclined descent is not needed all the time, but only occasionally, you can opt for the Pryagogor compact ramp, which can be folded and unfolded if necessary.

The selection of main characteristics is carried out in the following order:

• The slope, which is measured in degrees, should be no more than 8%. This parameter is calculated by the formula L/h, where L is the length of the ramp in horizontal projection, and h is the height to which the wheelchair will rise after covering this path; the maximum lift height when moving 1 meter should be no more than 80 centimeters. The only exception to this rule is the situation when the maximum lift height is 20 cm - in this case, the permissible slope angle is 10%;
• When installing the descent, the track width must be chosen in such a way that the wheel of a child's or wheelchair can be freely placed on it without the risk of slipping.

  In this case, the maximum load weight should be taken into account and, depending on it, taking into account the characteristics of the material, choose the type of structure - solid or with two tracks;

• The width of the inclined structure must be at least 0.9 meters for one-way traffic and 1.8 meters for two-way traffic. Moreover, if it is not possible to install handrails on both sides, it is recommended to make a less inclined descent;
• Before driving onto the ramp, be sure to equip a flat area for free maneuvering.

  The same applies to the areas between the spans;

• Handrails for inclined ramps for wheelchairs should be round. According to SNiP requirements, they must exceed the length of the ramp itself by 0.3 meters on each side.

How to make a ramp?

To make your own metal folding ramp, you need to purchase 2 channels, mounting loops and metal spacers.

The length and thickness of the channels are selected depending on the length of the flight of stairs and the design load. Spacers are made of sheet metal, the thickness of which is at least 5 mm and the width is 50 mm.

Thus, having connected 2 channels in parallel by welding several spacers to them and attaching this structure with loops using extension plates to the railings, it is necessary to weld a lock to the outer channel on the opposite side to fix the ramp in the raised position.

In this case, the spacers must be positioned so that they do not interfere with a person who will climb the steps with a wheelchair, and the width of the ramps themselves must be chosen depending on the distance between the wheels of the wheelchair.

You can also buy a ready-made structure, for example, the Pryagogor compact ramp, which is available in different lengths and widths, and complies with building codes and SNiP requirements.

It is easy to install with your own hands, and its dimensions, non-slip surface and the ability to choose the angle of inclination make it universal and suitable for marches of any type and size.

Installing a ramp for disabled people on the porch: 3 ways to do it yourself

orthographic dictionary

Ozhegov's Dictionary

RAMP, p’andus, -a, m. (special). An inclined platform that replaces a staircase or serves as an access point to a building.

Efremov's Dictionary

RAMP m. An inclined flat platform for entering or entering a building, onto a bridge, for moving from floor to floor, etc.

Ushakov's Dictionary

RAMP ramp, m. (French pente douce - slight slope, descent) (technical). An inclined flat plane installed in buildings instead of stairs for entrance and entry (for example.

in garages).

encyclopedic Dictionary

ramp (from the French pente douce - gentle slope), 1) an inclined platform that serves for entry to the main entrance located above the base of the building; for lifting cars in garages; in some cases it replaces stairs.
2) The theater is an essential decoration detail that allows, along with stairs and lifting and lowering platforms, to change the level of the stage plank.

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10. Non-standard ramps

Non-standard ramps we named ramps whose slope exceeds the permissible values.
Despite the fact that, according to regulatory requirements, they do not have the right to exist, in Yekaterinburg over the past 1.5 years on the initiative of the disabled themselves Such ramps are widely used in design.

As a result, a large number of objects have appeared in which a non-standard ramp makes it easier for a wheelchair user to get into the building. The use of non-standard ramps, according to people with disabilities, is a forced measure, which, nevertheless, makes it possible to actually increase the number of reconstructed buildings and structures that are truly accessible for the movement of wheelchair users.
In order to determine the actually permissible slope of a non-standard ramp and its width, in Yekaterinburg, disabled people in wheelchairs went up and down actually built ramps that had different slopes and different quality of coverage.

As a result of these experiments, a number of recommendations were formulated, which are given below.
The clear width of a non-standard steep ramp should not exceed 85–90 cm. The ramp must be equipped with handrails on both sides and have a rough surface to prevent slipping. The configuration of the handrails should ensure continuity and safety of hand sliding.
When constructing non-standard ramps, it is very important that the ramp surface is non-slippery.

Good traction is provided by Bekhaton paving stones and asphalt, which are often used to make ramps to low heights. The clear width of the ramp (most often this is the distance between the handrails) should be minimal to make it easier and more convenient for a disabled person to hold on to the handrails.

It is also necessary to strictly comply with all regulatory requirements for ramps (length and diameter of handrails, presence of a guardrail, etc.).
The public organization for wheelchair users “Free Movement” recommends that in exceptional cases (when reconstructing existing buildings) one should focus on the maximum permissible ramp slope of 15% (the limit is 18%).
Ramps with a slope of up to 15% should have the right to exist in cases where design possibilities are objectively limited.
To get into the building using such a ramp, disabled people with healthy hands do not even need outside help, since they can climb independently using handrails installed on both sides of the ramp.

Other disabled people will need the help of only one passerby (in the jargon of disabled people - a “pusher”), and not a group of people. These ramps are especially necessary for heavy wheelchair users or for disabled people using heavy electric wheelchairs. It is very difficult for such disabled people to lift them up the stairs together with a stroller.
It is desirable that a non-standard ramp with a slope of up to 15% does not exceed 6–7 meters.
In socially significant objects (for example, in residential buildings, etc.) and in non-alternative cases when access for disabled people in wheelchairs must be ensured (for example, in city administration buildings, social protection), a ramp with a large slope is possible ( over 15%).

In the middle of such a ramp there must be steps 28–30 cm wide to prevent the assistant from slipping.
A very steep ramp with a slope of over 18% is very difficult to climb even with assistance. Climbing up such a ramp is not safe, since if the assistant accidentally slips or falls, the uncontrolled wheelchair will roll back at high speed onto the fallen assistant.

The consequences can be dire for both the wheelchair user and the helper.
That is why in the middle of a ramp with a slope of more than 15%, steps must be provided with a width of no more than 280–300 mm (Fig.

10.1). If the width of these steps is more than 300 mm, then the front wheels of some wheelchair models will not be on the ramp, but will fall into the “step” part of the ramp, making it impossible for the wheelchair to climb the ramp.

The distance between the front wheels of active strollers is 320 mm.

I would like to immediately note that there is no need to make guardrails inside the ramp to prevent the front wheels from sliding onto the “stepped” part of the ramp.

Practice has shown that only one of the front wheels can accidentally slip into the ramp. Since in this case the stroller continues to stand stably on the ramp with three wheels, this situation does not pose a serious danger to the disabled person and can be easily corrected.

In addition, the internal sides cause obvious inconvenience for the accompanying assistant, who is already uncomfortable walking along such narrow steps. If someone still considers it necessary to provide internal sides, I can advise you to “recess” the ramp a little inside the steps.

Installation of a ramp - making a drive from concrete with your own hands

Then the protruding edges of the steps will create natural fences.
For ramps with a slope of 10 to 15 percent, doing it in the middle of the steps is possible, but not necessary. Steps are necessary only when the surface of the ramp does not exclude the possibility of slipping.
In situations where it is not possible to extend the ramp, it is possible to fill the ramp directly on the steps of the stairs, if the total width of the stairs allows (at least 2100 mm).

The steps inside the ramp must be preserved. If the ramp is poured on the external steps (120x400 mm), then its slope will be 30%, on the internal ones (150x300 mm) - 50%. Ramps with such a slope, made on high porches, are more intended for parents with strollers than for people with disabilities in wheelchairs.

In Yekaterinburg, they can most often be found in projects of new residential buildings.

If the staircase consists of only two or three steps, then you can completely fill part of the staircase in the form of a ramp without preserving the internal steps (Fig.

10.2).
With such a small height difference, there is no need for the assistant to climb the ramp. He just needs to push the stroller while standing on the asphalt.
Please note that railings must be installed both near the ramp and on the stairs (Fig. 10.2).
In the case where it is not possible to install a railing near a ramp that has been poured on 2-3 steps, there is no point in abandoning its construction, since climbing such a ramp with outside help (even in the absence of railings) is quite convenient and does not pose a danger to a disabled person.
In public buildings and structures, installing guide channels on the steps of porches is pointless and inconvenient.
In Yekaterinburg in 1998–99, on the initiative of the city administration, an attempt was made to install such channels for disabled people on the porches of shops, pharmacies and other socially significant facilities (Fig.

10.3). However, this idea was rejected by the disabled themselves, since the bulky iron channels prevented ordinary people from walking up the steps, spoiled the aesthetics of the porch and - most importantly - they were inconvenient for wheelchair users. These channels were only used by parents with baby strollers.
This is due to the fact that the front and rear wheels of many wheelchair models are not located in one straight line, but are located in different planes (small wheels are located close, and large wheels are located far from each other).

The wheel arrangement is very different in different models. Therefore, it is almost impossible to install the channel so that all 4 wheels of the most different stroller models fit into the guides.
The idea of ​​non-standard ramps was born in Yekaterinburg, in fact, as an alternative to inconvenient channels.
These channels can be installed, but for a specific disabled person (for example, in the entrance of his house).

It is desirable that one of the channels be wider. The custom-installed channels will be used by the disabled person himself, but there is no guarantee that his disabled friends who come to visit will be able to use them.

It is also important that the channels do not interfere with the walking of ordinary people. If the staircase is narrow, then the channels should be either remote or folding towards the wall.

The presence of a ramp in a residential building is due to the need of citizens with a low level of mobility, especially disabled people and people with small children who use pedestrian routes (Art.

1 of Moscow Law of January 17, 2001 N 3).

Since there is no consensus in judicial practice on the procedure for installing a ramp in residential buildings, consider one of the ways to install it. We recommend considering the following algorithm.

Step 1. Host a joint meeting of premises owners in a residential building

Ownership and use of the MKD co-ownership, including staircases, stairs and corridors, is subject to the consent of all co-owners (p.

1 tablespoon. 247, paragraph 1, art. 290 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation; Part 1, Article 36, LCD display of the Russian Federation).

In this regard, it is necessary to resolve the issue of installing a ramp; it is necessary to organize a general meeting of shareholders in the MKD (Part 1 of Article 44 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

An extraordinary general meeting may be convened, in particular, at the initiative of any owner of the premises. This will be justified if we are talking about owners or their representatives who have more than 50% of the total number of votes and in a housing cooperative - if more than 50% of the members of the cooperative are present (chap.

2 tbsp. 45, part 1 l. 117, part 1.1 Art. 146 LCD display of the Russian Federation).

The meeting agenda should include the need to install the platform.

Decisions of the General Meeting of Shareholders in MKB on voting issues are adopted by a majority of votes from the total number of votes present at the meeting of owners of MBC premises.

The decisions of the Assembly of Owners of Premises in Residential Construction are recorded in the minutes and are binding on all owners of premises in an apartment building, even for those owners who did not participate in the vote (h.

1.5 tbsp. 46 LCD display of Russian Federation).

Note. In accordance with Russian legislation, disabled people are provided with conditions for unhindered access to common assets in the ICM; some courts have found that the installation of SSB within the framework of disabled people does not require a decision at the general meeting of ICM owners (Article 1, Article 15 of Law 24.11.1995 N 181-FZ;

5.1, art. 2, part 3, article 3, 15 LCD display of the Russian Federation; R. Point “B”, paragraph 23 of the Rules, is confirmed. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 9, 2016 N 649; Appeal of the Moscow Regional Court dated 09/07/2016 N 33-24569 / 2016).

Sign in using an app at the organization that manages your money

The management of the MKD is intended to provide a favorable and safe living environment for citizens and to ensure the proper maintenance of common property in the MKD.

Proper maintenance of common property should, in particular, ensure the availability of premises and other assets included in the common property of the owners of premises in the apartment building (Part 1,

Part 3 1.1. 161 LCD display of the Russian Federation).

Depending on how to manage your MCD (eg Management Organization, Condominiums, Housing Cooperatives), which should be prepared and submitted by the relevant organizations at the head of the application requesting the installation of the ramp and specifying the input where to do so. Attach a copy of the minutes of the general meeting of shareholders in the residential premises.

It is also advisable to send a copy of this application to the district council on behalf of the district governor or head of local government.

Typically, the deadline for processing applications for citizens is 30 days (Art.

Come from concrete - how to make a ramp with your own hands

12 of the Law of May 2, 2006 N 59-FZ).

Step 3. Responses to the application

The written response to your ramp installation application must include the decision made to satisfy your request and install the ramp, indicating the date of its installation or justified refusal (p.

1 tablespoon. 10 of Law No. 59-FZ).

Failure may be caused, for example, by technically impossible placement of the platform due to staircase downtime.

All necessary technical parameters for the design of ramps and equipment in residential buildings are regulated by SNiPom - SP 59.13330.2012 “Accessibility of buildings and structures for groups with low mobility of the population.”

Step 4: Wait until the panel is installed or requires installation to be refused.

In order to protect your rights, you have the right to contact the prosecutor's office or the court in particular.

To monitor compliance with your rights, prepare a written complaint to the prosecutor's office.

The prosecutor will consider your complaint and take measures to prevent violations of your rights, as well as bring those who violate the law to court (Art.

Art. 21, 26, 27 of the Law of January 17, 1992 N 2202-1).

In case of refusal to install the ramp, you have the right to file a lawsuit, especially with the organization that manages your money, the defendant's obligation to install the ramp.

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Who should install ramps in apartment buildings for the disabled?

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Question:

Who should install ramps in apartment buildings for the disabled?

At whose expense?

Answer:

According to SP 59.13330.2012 (Accessibility of buildings and structures for low-mobility groups of the population), all buildings and structures that can be used by low-mobility groups of the population (MGN) must have at least one entrance accessible to them, which, if necessary, must be equipped with a ramp or other device , providing the ability to lift a disabled person to the level of the entrance to the building, its first floor or elevator hall.

If it is impossible to fully adapt the facility to the needs of the MGN during reconstruction, major repairs of buildings and structures, etc., design should be carried out within the framework of “reasonable adaptation” when agreeing on the design task with the territorial bodies of social protection of the population at the appropriate level and taking into account the opinion of public associations of disabled people.

The installation of ramps is carried out for the owners of the apartment building.

In accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 161 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Housing Code of the Russian Federation), the management of an apartment building must provide favorable and safe living conditions for citizens. Proper maintenance of the common property of the owners of premises in an apartment building must ensure, among other things, the availability of use of the premises and other property included in the common property of the owners of premises in an apartment building.

The fact that the building was built before SNiP 35-01-2001 “Accessibility of buildings and structures for low-mobility groups of the population” came into force, and the updated edition of SNiP data - SP 59.13330.2012 “Accessibility of buildings and structures for low-mobility groups of the population”, does not remove The management company is responsible for ensuring the accessibility of an apartment building for people with limited mobility.

Article 15 of the Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ “On the social protection of people with disabilities in the Russian Federation” states: organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms, create conditions for people with disabilities (including people with disabilities using wheelchairs and guide dogs) for unimpeded access to facilities social infrastructure (residential, public and industrial buildings, structures and structures, sports facilities, recreational facilities, cultural, entertainment and other institutions).

Ramp device. We make a drive from concrete with our own hands

In cases where existing facilities cannot be fully adapted for the needs of people with disabilities, the owners of these facilities must take measures, in agreement with public associations of people with disabilities, to ensure that the minimum needs of people with disabilities are met.

Established judicial practice also indicates the obligation of the management company to equip an apartment building with a ramp for access of people with limited mobility to the residential premises they occupy.

In this case, the management company can assign the costs of installing a ramp to the owners of premises in an apartment building due to the following.

The management company carries out routine repairs and maintenance of the common property of the owners of premises in an apartment building on the basis of a management agreement (Art.

The Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, in its Determination No. VAS-15415/11 dated December 8, 2011, indicated that in payment for repairs and maintenance of the common property of the owners of premises in an apartment building, based on the systemic interpretation of Art.

Art. 158, 162 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, clauses 10, 16, 17 of the Rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006.

No. 491, includes only current, urgent, mandatory seasonal work and services.

Accordingly, the owners must be compensated by the management company for all other work that the management company could not reasonably foresee when determining the scope of work for the maintenance and routine repairs of an apartment building.

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Residents of Moscow and the Moscow region have the right to free installation of ramps for children and wheelchairs in buildings.
Based on the documents listed below, the entrances of residential buildings, as well as any public buildings, must be equipped with ramps for the movement of people with limited mobility, which include citizens with strollers. If your entrance has stairs, but no ramp, demand its installation!

The right to a free ramp is regulated by the following legislative documents:
Law of Moscow dated January 17, 2001 No. 3. “On ensuring unimpeded access for people with disabilities to social, transport and engineering infrastructure facilities in the city of Moscow”
Law of the Moscow Region dated October 22, 2009 No. 121/2009-OZ (as amended on July 14, 2011) On ensuring unimpeded access for people with disabilities and other low-mobility groups
settlement to social, transport and engineering infrastructure facilities in the Moscow region

Unfortunately, very often people are refused the installation of ramps for children and wheelchairs due to narrow flights of stairs - less than 2.5 m. In this case, it is possible to install a folding ramp.

Procedure for free installation of a ramp in the entrance

1. Statement
Write a statement to the Chairman of the HOA/Director of the State Unitary Enterprise DEZ of your area.


You can find out the address, telephone number and full name of the head of the management company at the link www.gorod.mos.ru (enter the address of your house in the field and click on the "search" sign, you will go to information about your house, to the right of the map select the item "apartment home", information about the residential building will appear, on the right side select the "house management" item, information about the management company will appear - name, full name of the manager, contacts).

2. Information about the ramp
Please attach information about the ramp you would like to install to your application.
If you are planning to install a folding ramp, please include information about folding ramps with your application. If this is not done, then you may be refused installation, citing a narrow flight of stairs, or install an inconvenient homemade ramp.
Folding ramp. Information
Ramp for disabled people. Information

3. Submitting an application with attachments
There are two options: notify in person/by letter or write on the city portal.
1) Send the application with attachments by registered mail with acknowledgment of receipt. The notice must be saved. Or personally deliver the application in two copies and ask the recipient to certify your copy - put a number, date, stamp and signature with a transcript on it. This will serve as proof of your application. It is from this date that the period of 30 days will be counted, during which, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, a positive decision must be made and the ramp must be installed or an official refusal must be received.
2) Write an application for the installation of a ramp on the portal created on the initiative of the Moscow Mayor www.gorod.mos.ru. According to the rules of the portal, when applying through the portal, you must receive an answer and solution to your question within 8 days, or a reasoned refusal. Our practice shows that this method works effectively.

Important

Please note that in the above-mentioned Moscow Law No. 3 of January 17, 2001, Article 5 states that the final decision on the impossibility of installing a ramp can only be made by a court. The same article states that the financial costs of installing a ramp fall on the owners and balance holders of the objects, i.e. in the case of installing a ramp at the entrance - to management companies or cooperatives.

A ramp is a device designed to facilitate the ascent or descent of small vehicles on wheels, such as a baby stroller or wheelchair. Similar structures with special coating and markings are installed near stairs and replace them. Thanks to the ramp, people with limited mobility have the opportunity to go up or down to the site on their own, without the help of an accompanying person.

Drop-out shelves or pull-out shelves and cutting boards can also be installed for additional accessible workspace. Electrical outlets and switches for exhaust fans and waste disposal can also be moved to areas within reach. Appliances such as microwaves can be installed at a lower level, while dishwashers can be raised a few centimeters from the floor. Oven doors are available with side hinges, making access easier than push-out doors.

Main types of ramps

Ramps are installed in places where it is necessary to combine two platforms at different heights - at the entrance to the entrance, the entrance to an institution or a retail outlet. All public places must have ramps installed to provide access for disabled people to the premises.

The designs of ramps vary in purpose and appearance. These differences are due to their location and purpose. Main types of devices:

By implementing these changes in your home, you can ensure that you or your loved one can remain self-sufficient and comfortable. A wheelchair accessible home can be functional for everyone in the family through innovative technology and design. It can also be stylish, with a wide range of options available on the market today.

Motorized wheelchairs are intended for the personal use of a user who is unable to walk or has limited mobility and who has sufficient cognitive, physical and visual abilities to safely operate a vehicle, both externally and internally.

• stationary;
• folding;
• removable

Stationary structures are designed for a long service life. They are usually installed on the street in front of the entrance to shops, institutions, and residential apartment buildings. Such devices are provided at the building design stage and installed during construction.

The maximum weight limit is indicated on the serial number label located on the chair chassis. The wheelchair serial number is like your ID card, you should keep it very well to make sure it is always at hand if you need a spare or monitor the condition of the wheelchair, this is the first data that should be when they require some adjustment.

Wooden folding ramp

The product must be used under the specified conditions and for the specified purposes; Otherwise the warranty will be void. Before ordering a chair, also consider body size, weight, including body weight distribution, the physical and psychological constitution of the user, age, in addition to environmental conditions and environment.

A stationary ramp looks like a two-lane inclined plane with handrails, made of concrete or metal with an anti-slip coating. Drawings of such devices may include several rotating platforms.

The design of the folding ramp is similar in appearance to the stationary version and performs the same functions. Its main distinguishing feature is the presence of a folding mechanism. Using it, you can free up the stairs for pedestrian traffic. Such devices are usually used in the entrances of apartment buildings. The advantage of the device is that it does not interfere with movement on the stairs and, if necessary, helps to move the stroller onto the landing. A folding ramp consists of rails or a platform attached to the wall on one side. Its second side rises freely and is secured in a vertical surface with a locking mechanism.

If in doubt, consult a healthcare professional to ensure that the user is not exposed to any adverse risks. There are center traction, front traction and rear traction wheelchairs, all of which cover a different turning radius and its readings vary depending on the requirements of the user and the environment where it is designed.

It is important for them to consider the area in which each wheelchair is in place to make a turn and angle recommendations to climb a slope. The control handle or joystick controls the wheelchair. This device regulates the electricity and speed of the wheelchair.

A removable or portable ramp is a device designed to overcome small inclines and obstacles. They are easy to install and remove if necessary. Such structures are usually collapsible or foldable and are made of lightweight steel or duralumin.

Portable ramps come in three types:

The joystick determines the speed and direction of the wheelchair, it should take care of rain or spillage of any liquid on it, as well as moisture, and not cover with plastic or treat the chair in rainy conditions. Always make sure the wheelchair is turned off before attempting to get into or out of the wheelchair. Always ensure that you can operate all controls from a comfortable position. Always make sure it can be seen clearly, especially if you intend to use the wheelchair in poor visibility. Do not allow children or other people to use the wheelchair. lift the wheelchair away from the armrests or footrests as these are removable and may cause injury to the user or damage the chair. The motor surfaces reach high temperatures after use. If you need to turn sharply, reduce the speed using the joystick or speed setting. This is especially important if you are walking on a slope or spinning downhill. If you do not follow this procedure, the wheelchair may tip over. It is recommended to perform an annual maintenance check.

Locking and unlocking the wheelchair

Good posture is essential to your comfort and well-being. . To lock the wheelchair.

• ramp;
• roll ramps;
• telescopic.

Telescopic devices can be extended twice or more in length. These ramps have an anti-slip surface. It is necessary to prevent accidental rolling down an inclined plane. Such designs are convenient not only for climbing stairs, but also for moving the stroller into vehicles. The load on such a device can be up to four hundred kilograms.

Disable the device or lock for manual or electrical control of the chair

To unlock the wheelchair.

• The profile or maximum speed indicator will fluctuate from top to bottom.
• Move the joystick forward until the control system beeps.
• Pull the joystick back until the control system beeps.
• Release the joystick; A longer beep sounds.
• Thus, the wheelchair is now unlocked.

If you push the release levers on both sides of the base down, or depending on the model of the chair, the gears disengage from the motors and rotate the chair into a manual device that can be pressed by a second person.

The ramp is designed for movement over high thresholds or curbs. This small-sized platform can be made of metal or thick rubber. Using a ramp, you can overcome obstacle heights of up to fifteen centimeters. The device consists of three parts: two wedge-shaped inserts and a platform that is installed between them. Wedge-shaped inserts are installed on both sides of the obstacle, and a horizontal platform is laid on top. After overcoming the obstacle, the coating can be easily disassembled.

You should only use this feature in an emergency, or if you need to manually push the wheelchair. It is not intended for permanent use or to assist a wheelchair in lifting or rolling with a reclining seat.

Lowering a curb or sidewalk with a rear wheelchair

If you want to change the position of the chair in electric mode, move the levers to the up or to position, depending on the model. Never try to pass out while sitting in a wheelchair, especially on a slope. You will feel more confident if you can lean forward, but if you can't, don't worry, the wheelchair is completely stable.

Ramp roll is a product with complex manufacturing technology. It consists of many interconnected elements. This design is assembled for storage on a roll and can easily fit in the trunk of a passenger car. The roller ramp sections are removable, so its dimensions can be easily adjusted to any obstacle. Such structures are made of aluminum, a lightweight and durable material.

Curb drop or sidewalk with front or center drive

As long as you stay in it, you will be safe. It is recommended to use a pelvic belt to increase the feeling of safety when going down curbs. Move the chair slowly and carefully forward toward the curb until the front wheels are on the edge, again 90° to the curb.

Lower the curb with the drive wheels as slowly as possible. Don't stop the chair when it goes over the curb. You will feel more confident if you can lean back, but if you can't, don't worry, the wheelchair is completely stable.

Technical parameters of ramps

Ramp structures are used by people with disabilities, so they are subject to increased safety requirements.

One of the most important technical parameters of the device is the angle of inclination of the surface. This indicator is measured as a percentage and the ratio of the length and height of the lift.

The back of the chair will naturally drop off the curb as the chair continues to move forward from it. All power seats must be in their original position. You may need to adjust the footrests to ensure sufficient clearance when raising or lowering the curb.

It is recommended to use a pelvic belt to increase the feeling of safety when descending the sidewalk. This would be very dangerous, you could be seriously injured and your wheelchair could be damaged. We recommend that users with roof rack instability use customized anchorage and restraint systems to support their upper body against downward or upward ramps, curbs, or other obstacles. Before going over a curb, make sure your leg remains over the obstacle.

• Do not attempt to go up or down stairs.
• Motorized chairs are designed to be lifted one step at a time or on the side of the road.

However, you do have the option to customize the seat position, either with lift, recline or recline, or a combination of these options.

According to the standards, the maximum angle of inclination of the ramp structure is 8 percent. A larger tilt angle can become an insurmountable obstacle for a wheelchair. To calculate the optimal dimensions of the structure, use the formula 1:20. For example, to rise to a height of 60 centimeters, a ramp length of 0.6 x 20 = 12 meters will be required.

Under certain circumstances, stool may become unstable. Before attempting to raise or lower a slope or curb, be careful when using options to change the weight of the seat or your body as a counterweight. To improve stability, extend your body forward as you ride uphill, with your seat and back upright. Another possibility is that you sit upright when driving on a slope, or lean and recline your seat.

Thus, it prevents the chair from allowing weight to pass through. We strongly recommend that you place the seatback and seat in an upright position before attempting to raise or lower the incline. Otherwise, the wheelchair may become unstable.

Important! If the ramp has a rail structure, it is important that the rails match the width of the wheels of the wheelchair.

Horizontal platforms are provided at the top and bottom points of the design drawing. The size of the platform should allow the stroller to be turned around. Typically, the depth of such a platform is one and a half meters, and the length is equal to twice the width of the flight. The platforms are also equipped with anti-slip coating.

When hanging, keep the chair moving. If you stop on a slope, start slowly. In the back seat, push your body forward if necessary to compensate for the tendency of the front wheels to grow. You only need to charge them regularly. Do not touch batteries unnecessarily under any circumstances.

Before using the chair for the first time, charge the batteries for 24 hours. Avoid contact of acid with damaged or wet sealed batteries. Battery acid can cause skin burns and damage floors, furniture and wheelchairs. If the acid comes into contact with skin or clothing, wash it immediately with soap and water.

For your information! If the angle of inclination of a flight of stairs is more than 8 percent, lifting the stroller must be carried out with the help of an accompanying person.

The optimal width of the ramp is ninety centimeters. These options are suitable for any wheelchair. Double railings are installed along the entire length of the ramp at a height of 60 and 80 centimeters. If a children's wheelchair will move along the ramp, then the railings are installed at a height of 50 centimeters. The length of the railing should be thirty centimeters longer than the length of the ramp.

Be sure to always keep the batteries upright, especially when transporting the wheelchair. Do not expose the battery cell to direct heat. When charging, always place the charger on a hard surface in a well-ventilated area.

General information about the charger

Do not recharge batteries outdoors. Do not install car batteries in a wheelchair. Install only long-lasting non-powered batteries for mobile devices. Charge your batteries every night no matter how much or how little mobility you use during the day. Additionally, you should charge your batteries at night, even if you haven't used your mobility device during the day. If you do not intend to use the chair, it is advisable to leave it on the charger until you are ready to use it. This will not damage the batteries as long as the charger is plugged in. If corrosion exists, clean the terminals completely and rinse the terminal with Vaseline. Do not interrupt the charging cycle. . The external charger is designed to recharge two 12-volt gel batteries connected in series.

The edges of the device must be limited by a side with a height of at least five centimeters, which will prevent the wheels from sliding off the inclined surface.

For your information! In world practice, it is customary to install ramps with height differences starting from one and a half centimeters. In Russia, the need to install ramp structures in places with a height difference of four centimeters has been established.

As with all electrical equipment connected to the main power source, always replace blown fuses with the same type and fuse size as specified. Installing a different fuse may increase the risk of fire or damage the charger or cause the charger to malfunction.

How to connect the charger and charge the battery

Do not use extension cords unless strictly necessary. Using an incorrect extension cord may result in fire or electric shock. If you have no choice but to use an extension cord, make sure that the connector pins on that cable are the same number, size, and shape as the charger connector pins; Also make sure that the extension cable is connected correctly and is in good electrical condition.

Examples of technologies for manufacturing ramp devices

The classic version of the ramp consists of three parts: two horizontal platforms and an inclined surface between them.

Concrete ramp

With a lift height of 60 centimeters, a ramp 12 meters long and 1 meter wide will be required. For convenience, it needs to be divided into two marches of six meters each. Between the inclined planes it is necessary to install a turning area measuring two square meters. From these calculations it follows that the surface area of ​​the structure, taking into account the site, will be 14 square meters.

Volume of concrete required = 1/10 x 14 m2 (area) = 1.4 cubic meters

Wall volume = 0.6 (height) x 14 m2 (area) = 8.4 m2 x 0.5 brick thickness (0.125 m) = 1.05 cubic meters

Number of bricks = 1.05: 0.002 = 525 pieces.

Drawing of a concrete ramp structure

Work order:

1. Marking the future structure using a tape measure and rope.
2. Pouring the base.
3. Installation of stretch and slope.
4. Laying out the walls with bricks.
5. Filling the ramp cavity.
6. Reinforcement of an inclined surface.
7. Concreting.
8. Installation and fastening of railings.
9. Covered with non-slip material.

For your information! To fill the ramp, it is better to use concrete grade M300. Filling is carried out from bottom to top.

Metal ramp

To make a folding metal device, you will need channels for the length of a flight of stairs. The metal on the rails must be thick enough so as not to bend under the weight of a person using a wheelchair. At the same time, the rails should not be too heavy, because they will have to be raised and lowered frequently.

Metal corners are used as load-bearing struts. For fastening, you need to prepare large door hinges (at least three pieces) and a locking device.

Metal ramp drawing:

Work order:

1. Loops are welded or screwed to one of the channels. It is important that the bolt heads do not protrude into the rail, otherwise they will interfere with the movement of the stroller wheels.
2. The distance between the wheels of the wheelchair should be accurately measured. This distance is strictly observed when securing spacers between two rails.

   Important! When installing spacers for a folding ramp, you need to ensure that they are in close contact with the steps of the stairs when folded. In this case, the person helping the disabled person lift the stroller will not stumble.

3. The lower part of the ramp is attached with hinges to the wall, and a lock is installed to secure the device in the raised state.

How to take correct measurements to design a ramp:

Wooden ramp

A wooden ramp is very similar in design to a metal one. You will need two wide strong boards, hinges, and pieces of wood for spacers. The manufacturing technology and drawing are similar to the previous version. A wooden device is lighter than a metal one and is more convenient to use.

Wood structure drawing

If you fix the ramp on the side of the railing and carefully treat its surface with sanding and varnish, when folded it will look like a flight of stairs. It should be remembered that the surface of the device on which the stroller will move should not be slippery.

Additional requirements for ramps

An anti-slip coating must be attached to the surface of the device. The best option is a rubber coating. It significantly increases friction and prevents emergency or accidental descent.

The design of the ramp should not interfere with the movement of pedestrians. Often, steps are made in the central part of a stationary structure so that a person accompanying a disabled person in a wheelchair can climb up behind them.

If the ramp structure will be used by one specific disabled person, the track width and distance between the rails are calculated taking into account the size of his wheelchair.

A folding ramp on a flight of stairs should not destroy the material of the stairs. It is recommended to equip it with a damping coating for silent operation.

The platform in front of the tilt should not only allow the wheelchair to turn around, but also open and close the door adjacent to the platform. It is better if the door opens away from the ramp.

Installation of stationary ramps must be carried out with the permission and under the supervision of the relevant authorities. Independent installation of structures without compliance with the norms and rules provided for by law is not allowed. A ramp that does not comply with GOST standards can be dismantled.

To install a ramp at the entrance of an apartment building, the consent of the residents is not required. It is necessary to contact the management company with an application on behalf of the disabled person. The organization must respond within one month. When drawing up an application, it is better to enlist the support of interested parties, for example, young mothers using strollers. An approximate drawing of the future design can be attached to the document.

It is important to understand that installing a ramp is not just compliance with legal regulations. For many people, this device is an important part of their life, giving them the opportunity to feel like full members of society.

The problem of wheelchair users who cannot go down a flight of stairs is known to everyone. They have been talking about this for a long time, but things are still there. Well, if the stroller fits in the elevator, then the problem is solved. But it is simply impossible to slide down the steps of the stairs alone without the help of others. And as they say, the problem of drowning people is the business of the drowning people themselves. Therefore, disabled people take the initiative and build ramps, of course, not themselves, but achieve their goal with the help of assistants.

When the conversation turns to street structures, the problem is not so acute. The biggest difficulties are when it is necessary to install a ramp for the disabled at the entrance of a house. There is not enough space here, and the neighbors may be indignant. Therefore, the first thing that needs to be done is to agree with the neighbors at the entrance, or better yet, collect signatures from them that they are not against installing a ramp for the disabled. After which you can proceed directly to construction.

The first step is to choose the design of the ramp, what it will be constructed from, what its shape will be, and so on. Let's look at the types of ramps for the disabled that you can install in the entrance of your house with your own hands.

Options for ramp designs at the entrance

The easiest option is to install two channels 200 mm wide along the steps of the stairs in the entrance. It's just enough to make the wheels of the stroller go crazy. The distance between them must be strictly equal to the distance between the wheels of the chair.

Attention! The inner surfaces of the channels must be made non-slip, so it is recommended to weld wires across them using electric welding or glue special non-slip rubber pads to them.

Now, how can you attach ramp elements for the disabled? There is, in principle, only one option: fastening is carried out to the horizontal landings of the flight of stairs. To do this, you will have to trim the side flanges of the channels and bend each of them so that their horizontal flanges touch the surface of the platforms. The top one bends outwards, the bottom one inwards. In this case, the undercut of the lower one should be made in the form of a triangle.

After that, two or three holes are made in the curved elements using a drill, the diameter of the holes is 8-10 mm. Next, the ramp is installed at the entrance.

• The channels are installed in place, marks are made through the holes on the plane of the platforms (we use a marker).
• We remove the metal profiles and make holes in the concrete plane of the flight of stairs.
• We install the ramp elements in place and screw them through the mounting holes of the anchor. It is important here that the fasteners do not protrude above the surface of the channel shelf. You can strengthen one channel, which is installed against the wall, with fasteners, for which you will have to drill several holes in the side flange of the profile and attach it to the wall through them.

In principle, that’s it, a ramp for the disabled made of channels has been installed at the entrance of the house. Can be used. To prevent this structure from spoiling the interior of the entrance, it is necessary to paint it.

Of course, this is a very simple but effective device. Making it yourself will be very simple. But there is one problem in this project - it is the inconvenience of using a flight of stairs for walking people. The ramp will take up a decent amount of space, because it has its own specific dimensions. For example: the width of the stairs in the entrance of a residential building is standard - 135 cm, the width of the ramp for the disabled should be 90-100 cm according to GOST. In fact, only 40 cm remains for free passage.

Folding ramp design for disabled people

Therefore, craftsmen offer another option. It is practically not much different from the first one. But changes have been made to its design regarding the ability to remove the device from the steps of the stairs.

To do this, you need to connect the channels together, that is, make a single device with your own hands to which three standard door hinges are attached. True, the ramp requires stronger hinges. So how can all this be done.

• First, a single ramp design for the disabled is made. Two channels are connected to each other in three or four places with metal strips (width 30-40 mm, thickness 3-5 mm) or angles. Fastening is done by welding.
• Holes are drilled in one of the channels (closest to the wall) for installing door hinges. Fastening is carried out using a bolted connection.
• In order to strengthen the fastening unit, it is recommended to use a so-called extension plate. The thing is that the height of the side shelf of the channel is greater than the width of the attached part of the door hinge. If you attach the hinges directly to the wall or fence (railing), then the near side shelf will not allow the entire structure to fold completely. Its edge will definitely rest against the wall. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the distance between the ramp and the wall.
• An extension plate is bolted to the free part of the door hinge. And already her to the wall.

Attention! All bolt fasteners must be countersunk.

To prevent the device from falling from its vertical position, it is necessary to attach a regular latch to the wall. If the wheelchair ramp will be installed closer to the railing, then a chain with a metal hook or a safety carabiner must be hung on the fence. The chain can be replaced with a cable, spring or strong rope.

There is another option for a folding ramp for wheelchairs. It is better to make it from lightweight materials, for example, from an aluminum profile. To do this, there is no need to tightly fasten two profiles under the wheels. Between them, stretchers are installed that look like door hinges. That is, when folding the ramp, you can also fold the tracks themselves to reduce the height of the folded structure. Look at the photo below and you will immediately understand everything. True, this device has several rather significant disadvantages:

1. Such a device is very expensive.
2. You won’t be able to make it from aluminum yourself; you’ll have to look for factory options.
3. Non-ferrous metal is always in price, so there is a high probability that non-ferrous metal hunters will simply steal the ramp one day.
4. Such a structure can also be made from channels or galvanized or stainless steel sheets. But the weight of the ramp will be very large. A disabled person cannot handle such a heavy device on his own.

Wooden ramp for wheelchairs

Another ramp device in the entrance of a house for the disabled, made of wooden materials. It is the simplest, because during production it does not require the use of any complex tools and equipment (meaning electric welding). The structural elements are based on edged boards. Board sizes: thickness 40-50 mm, width 200-250 mm.

The load-bearing elements are connected to each other by the same boards using metal fasteners and self-tapping screws. In all other respects, this is the same device as the metal version. There are several requirements for a wooden ramp.

• It must be installed in a vertical position so that the planes of the structure do not touch the wall. To do this, it is necessary to install a stop on the surface of the wall from the same board to which the hook, lock, latch or carabiner is attached.
• The lower planes of the wheelchair ramp must be finished to match the design of the house's entrance. The best option is to varnish or stain it. In this case, a vertically located ramp will look beautiful and act as an additional railing.
• The crossbars connecting the two walkways must be positioned so that they fit between the steps of the flight of stairs.
• The working surface will have to be slightly modified. It should not be allowed to be slippery, so it is not recommended to coat it with varnish. The best option is to stuff or glue non-slip pads (they are sold in hardware stores) or fill strips of rubber with small nails every 20-30 cm across the paths.

Attention! If a wheelchair user moves independently along the entrance without the help of others, then it is necessary to install latches, hooks and safety carabiners at the edge of the ramp on both sides.

That is, there will be two fastenings. One will open the structure when leaving, the second when entering.

Installation of additional railings

Of course, when the ramp is installed closer to the stationary railings, disabled people do not have problems moving up the stairs independently. But if the device is located closer to the wall, then the problem is obvious. Therefore, it is necessary to make a railing on the wall with your own hands. They can be wooden, metal or ready-made plastic.

The most important thing here is to accurately determine the installation location. What does the state standard say about this (meaning the dimensions of the installation site)?

• For ease of use, the railings are installed at a height of 80 cm from the top surface of the wheelchair ramp. For disabled people with short stature, installation is carried out at a height of 60 cm.
• For children, the height is 50 cm, but they will not be able to move up steep flights of stairs on their own without the help of adults, so there are no railings for them in the entrances.
• The railings themselves are not made of sliding materials.
• The distance from the wall to the support is 5 cm.
• The angle of inclination is equal to the angle of inclination of the stairs.
• The railings extend beyond the flight of stairs by 30 cm on both sides.

How to install ramp railings? First of all, the installation height is set; for this, the installation height of the railings is set upward along the edges of the stairs. A straight inclined line is drawn through two marks. The railings themselves are applied to it, mounting points are determined, marks are made in which holes are drilled. Anchors or plastic dowels for long self-tapping screws are installed in them through mounting strips.

Ready-made designs of ramps for the disabled

Of course, making a ramp for wheelchairs and strollers with your own hands will save a lot of money. But one must think from the standpoint not of economy, but of the reliability and high safety of the structure. Isn’t it better to purchase a ready-made version, manufactured strictly in accordance with GOST in the factory by specialists. There are no options here, it is better in all respects, the dimensions are strictly maintained, so moving along such a ramp will be easy and safe.

But again, everything will depend on the cost of the product. A disabled person with a minimum pension simply cannot afford such a device, and besides, he will also have to pay for installation. Therefore, the do-it-yourself option is more common today in the entrances of residential buildings. Even out of two structures: metal or wood, the choice most often falls on the latter.

It’s good that in new buildings, architects and designers are already planning to install ramps for wheelchairs for people with disabilities. This ensures the possibility of unhindered climbing of the stairs at the entrance of the house. In old houses this problem remains unresolved. And although street ramps can often be seen, driveway ramps are a rarity.

Conclusion on the topic

As you can see, you can make a ramp from simple materials with your own hands. Today, these structures are increasingly appearing in the entrances of residential buildings, which is encouraging. This work is not only carried out by disabled people, their relatives and neighbors. Many charitable organizations allocate large amounts of money to somehow improve the living comfort of wheelchair users.

But there are not enough funds for everyone, so there is no need to wait. For example, a wooden ramp is a very simple device; making it yourself is a small investment and literally a couple of hours for manufacturing and installation. Residents of the same entrance can do all this together without involving anyone. So, maybe it’s worth making and installing all this. After all, this is a help not only for the disabled, but also for mothers with small children who are transported in strollers, and for pensioners who lift a bag of groceries to the upper floors.