If a normal person, accustomed to living in the modern news paradigm, is seriously told that space does not exist, planet Earth is flat, and the sun is actually much smaller than we used to think, most likely, this citizen will twist his finger at his temple. Especially if the speaker supplements his conclusions with the opinion that NASA is financed by a secret Masonic organization, and no one has ever landed on the Moon.
The claims seem completely delusional, and it is all the more surprising that all of these theories have many supporters around the world. These people are convinced of the correctness of the flat earth theory: for them it is an immutable truth, and not an anti-scientific invention of an ignoramus.
The adherents of the theory set up experiments, publish research papers, citing evidence that humanity does not live on a rotating ball, flying in space at a tremendous speed (30 km / s). According to these people, the earth is a flat disc covered with a transparent dome.
Despite the seeming madness of this theory, it continues to excite the minds. Flat-earth theorists can immediately ask the following questions: why does not water from the oceans overflow from the "disk" where the Sun hides at night, where tens of thousands of photographs of a spherical planet come from? We have dedicated this article to the answers to these and other questions.
History of the flat earth theory
School education provides a clear guideline: - this is a fairy tale invented by our ancestors who did not have the opportunity to carry out serious scientific work. Ancient Egyptians, Babylonians, Greeks, Chinese agreed that the Earth is flat. The Sumerians and Scandinavians "agreed" with them in absentia. In mythological cosmogenesis, in the ancient Vedas and in the Bible, our planet is unambiguously called flat. The same can be said for Buddhist and Hindu practices.
If we talk about an earlier time in relation to us, then there were enough flat earth theorists in the Middle Ages. A categorical breakdown came during the Renaissance, and in our time, everyone knows that our planet is round. The scientific research of our ancient ancestors has been ostracized and thrown to the sidelines of history.
But this does not mean at all that everyone agrees with the ideological dictate of modern science. There were people who did not believe the textbooks and in all seriousness began to study ancient treatises.
In the 19th century. In England, the British scientist and inventor S. Rowbotham organized the Flat Earth Society. Rowbotham conducted hundreds of scientific studies, which proved, in his opinion, that the Earth is flat.
Hiding under the fictitious name "Parallax" Rowbotham published a pamphlet "Zetetic Astronomy", which contained descriptions of his experiments and presented evidence of the impossibility of the existence of a spherical earth. Samuel argued that the planet is flat and the ocean is perfectly flat.
The brochure went through many reprints during Rowbotham's lifetime, and each time it got thicker: Parallax added more and more chapters to it. The number of supporters of the flat earth theory also grew rapidly.
Samuel Rowbotham was not without marketing talent; he always took money for lectures. The researcher was so confident in his theory that he could pounce with fists at those who expressed doubts about his conclusions.
Very soon adherents of the flat earth theory appeared all over the world. There were especially many of them in Europe and the United States. Among the followers of this trend there are also very unexpected personalities, for example, Adolf Hitler.
Surprisingly, the number of flat-earth followers is growing every year. In some countries, this idea even caused a kind of social division. The adepts of the Earth-disk theory categorically reject the arguments of modern scientists and give their own evidence, which they believe is the only true one.
To understand how serious the dispute with the supporters of the flat earth is, it is enough to open the Yandex search engine. At the very first request, you will be presented with an abyss of articles, photographs, videos, forums and heated debates devoted to Rowbotham's theory.
Before we start looking at some of the most popular flat-earth evidence, let's examine their key postulates.
Parallax proponents think of the Earth as a disk with the North Pole at its center. The diameter of the planet coincides with the official scientific data - 40 thousand km. The disk is covered with a dome, behind which the Sun and Moon are visible. Thanks to these heavenly bodies, the planet has day and night. Gravity is something fundamentally different from the phenomenon that modern science studies.
According to Rowbotham and his followers, the South Pole does not exist in principle. There is no Antarctica either. The entire circumference of the earth's disk is surrounded by a wall of ice.
Photographs from space are declared clever photoshop, fake. In general, astronautics is sheer deception and scam. Rockets, devices for transporting and lifting ships - skillfully executed props. Space travel and videos from the ISS are filmed on Earth by professional filmmakers.
Rowbotham's supporters declared the sphericity of the planet to be a lie spread by conspiratorial Masons. Scientists, NASA specialists and astronauts know the truth, but they receive money from the Freemasons and therefore are silent.
Flat earth
What is the Solar System?
The idea of \u200b\u200bthe flat Earth adepts about the structure of the solar system is also interesting. At school, they teach that several planets revolve around the star, the Earth occupies the third orbit from the Sun, located between Venus and Mars. Is it possible for such a system to exist? Rowbotham's followers answer unequivocally: no.
In their opinion, the model with a stationary Sun is impossible, if only because there is constant motion in the Universe. If the generally accepted version of the solar system were correct, the star would fly through space at incredible speed, dragging the planets with it. Oval orbits of the planets in this case would be impossible, only spiral.
Another interesting argument concerns the forces of repulsion and attraction, thanks to which a balance is achieved in the solar system: the planets do not fly away from the star and do not collide in space. Flat-earth proponents point out that all planets have different masses. If the solar system was as described in textbooks, large planets would be located closer to the sun, and small ones - farther from the sun. After all, an object of smaller mass simply does not have enough repulsive force to "escape" from the sun. According to the calculations of the followers of Rowbotham, in the paradigm adopted by official science, the Earth would be in the sixth orbit. This determines its mass. Such a distance from the Sun would make life on the planet impossible: eternal cold would reign here.
Evidence base
Of course, the most interesting thing about the flat earth theory is the evidence collected by the supporters of Parallax. With a planet diameter of 40 thousand km, the planet makes a revolution in 24 hours. This data allows you to calculate the rotation speed: more than 400 m / s. That is, according to official science, the Earth rotates at a speed of 0.5 km / sec.
Rowbotham's adepts ask themselves the question: how, under such conditions, can aircraft land precisely on the runway? The earth is round and constantly revolving! According to the calculations of the proponents of the theory, the runway will move due to the rotation of the planet, and the plane will not be able to land.
One more proof: if we agree that the Earth is spherical, the core that flew out of the cannon in the direction from West to East will be in the air 2 times less than it actually is. If you fire a cannon from East to West, the core will fly twice as much due to the rotation of the Earth in the opposite direction.
However, neither the first nor the second phenomenon is observed, which, according to the followers of Rowbotham, exposes the generally accepted opinion that the Earth is a spherical rotating body.
Proponents of the theory also point out: if you shoot upwards, the flight of the nucleus will continue for a certain time, during which the location of the gun will shift 5-6 kilometers relative to the projectile, but this is not observed.
These simple conclusions evoke a sense of triumph among Rowbotham's supporters. Traditional science answers: do not forget about the atmospheric column, which rotates with the planet and "drags" everything that falls into it. The earth-disk adepts put forward a counter-argument that is striking in its boldness: in their opinion, atmospheric pressure simply does not exist.
Terra Convexa's Official Real Earth Shape Film
At the end of the film, experts from official science summarize the experiments and give an authoritative opinion on the tests performed.
Terra Convexa provides answers to many questions.
Criticism of the theory of atmospheric pressure
The inventor of the mercury barometer E. Torricelli suggested that the entire atmosphere of the Earth uniformly and constantly presses on the planet. The Italian proved his idea in experiments with water and mercury. Torricelli refuted Aristotle's postulate that there is no absolute void (vacuum) in the Universe. An Italian scientist created a vacuum in which atmospheric pressure was completely absent.
Torricelli's experiment worked great with mercury and alcohol, but the trick did not work with water: the Italian never managed to create a water barometer. Modern science has proven that barometers on water are possible, but they will be much larger than mercury or alcohol barometers. You can read more about Torricelli's experiments in his own writings. For example, there you can find out where the scientist got a bucket of mercury - a radioactive liquid metal.
Flat Earth adepts could not help but pay attention to the experiments of Torricelli and try to expose them. In their opinion, a false vacuum was formed in the test tubes of the Italian. In fact, the space was filled with mercury vapor. On this basis, Rowbotham's supporters concluded that atmospheric pressure is a myth, like gravity. The vast space above the planet remains motionless. Adepts of the Earth-disk point to freely flying birds, to clouds that "travel" across the sky at the behest of the wind. The helicopter pilot, hovering above the ground, according to the logic of a spherical rotating planet, should see a gradually changing landscape below him. But this is not observed.
Why does a stone, strongly thrown into the air, land almost in the same place, and not many meters from the person who made the throw? The Parallax adepts give an unambiguous answer - this is because the earth is a flat, stationary surface.
Horizon and earth curvature
Rowbotham began to make the first experiments about the curvature of the earth, his modern followers conduct hundreds of similar studies. If our planet is a ball, then, taking into account the curvature of the surface, the horizon line should be a solid line, beyond which nothing is visible. However, in practice, mountains, giant sculptures or Egyptian pyramids are perfectly visible on the horizon.
The Needles lighthouse in the British county of Hampshire (height - 54 meters) can be seen from a distance of 60 km, with a curvature of the earth at 282 m. If the Earth is a ball, the lighthouse should be 282 m below the horizon. The situation is similar with oceanic vessels. Gradually moving away from the coast, the ships disappear beyond the horizon. This would seem to confirm that the planet's surface is curving. However, supporters of the flat Earth theory armed themselves with high-quality optical instruments - and saw ships that allegedly "disappear" over the horizon ...
With the naked eye, a person cannot see a ship that has retired to such a considerable distance, in addition, vision is limited by a scattering perspective. With good optics, the horizon line disappears, and the stronger the optics, the greater the distance you can look around.
Thus, according to flat-earth proponents, there is no horizon line. Images from the International Space Station are fake, as the sky is a dome. When flying in an airplane, a person sees the curvature of the earth - but this is only an illusion. Even the UN coat of arms appears to Rowbotham's followers as a model of the earth-disk.
Round and at the same time flat Earth: video
Watch a video online about a round flat Earth
Landing on the Moon: a NASA hoax
Members of the Flat Earth Society pay special attention to the history of the American landing on the moon. Of course, they are confident and fiercely prove that man has never set foot on the only satellite of our planet. Rowbotham's supporters point to a photograph of the Apollo 11 spacecraft, which is widely believed to have once brought earthlings to the moon.
At high magnification, the lunar shuttle can be seen to be made from materials sold at the hardware store: plastic and cardboard shields, foil and polyethylene. Of course, it is impossible to fly anywhere on an apparatus built of such materials.
Supporters of the flat-earth theory also carefully studied the photographs of astronauts, finding rings with Masonic signs on their hands. For the followers of Parallax, Masons are the main world conspirators who have penetrated into all international structures and governments of all states of the world.
Where do Mars images come from?
The situation is similar with photographs of Mars. For the followers of the theory, the photographs of the Red Planet are a skillful fake, Photoshop. The photographers hired by the conspirators take pictures of the deserts and mountainous terrain on Earth, then, after processing the images, pass them off as photos from Mars.
Photos of the lifeless Martian desert covered with stones have spread all over the world. If we do the reverse "filtering" of these images in Photoshop, we get an ordinary terrestrial landscape with a blue sky. There are many such places on Earth.
Strange air travel
Many aircraft routes seem highly counterintuitive. For example, the Sydney-Santiago flight, it would seem, is much more convenient to make through New Zealand. This will be a straightforward and easy route with one refueling.
In reality, a plane from Australia to Latin America flies through Mexico and the United States. If the Earth is considered spherical, it looks extremely strange: the plane makes a big detour, consuming fuel and increasing the distance. If the same route is drawn on a flat earth map, it becomes clear that the air carrier has chosen the most reliable and direct route.
Rowbotham's adepts suggest checking in this way any aviation route that seems illogical and strange. When transferred to flat ground, the trajectory begins to look quite adequate.
Video: how do planes fly over a rotating earth?
Why do all planes fly according to flat earth maps, and not spherical?
The picture of the universe
To better understand the logic of supporters of the flat earth theory, it is necessary to know what they think about the universe - the Moon, the Sun, the stars. In general, they stick to the same statements that Rowbotham used two centuries ago. The only thing is that they constantly have to "fight off" new scientific discoveries.
For example, lunar photographs have been claimed to have been taken on Earth. The followers of the theory regularly conduct research expeditions, the main purpose of which is to search for territories where "false" images from space were taken.
In the summer of 2015, the Society published photographs from the Icelandic expedition, which depicted landscapes like two drops of water similar to photographs presented by the Americans as lunar. Earlier, journalists suggested that the astronauts of the first Apollo expedition put their hands on the Bible and say: "I swear I was on the moon." All the astronauts refused. Video footage of the flat-earth experiment can be found on the global web. One astronaut began to swear rudely at the journalist, another tried to laugh it off, and the third simply sent a TV man.
The Flat Earth Society analyzed all the data of alternative researchers, superimposed them on its own theory and came to the stunning conclusion: it turned out that the moon is not a satellite of our planet at all. The moon does not exist at all.
But what then do we see in the sky? According to the followers of Parallax, this is a constantly updated hologram. They control the hologram from the Earth.
But what do Rowbotham's followers think of the stars? People began to study astrology many centuries ago, this science is one of the first in the world. People discovered the same Big Dipper several millennia ago.
How can it be, the flat-earth adepts ask, that during this time the constellations have not undergone any changes? After all, all celestial bodies, including stars and galaxies, move in the Universe with colossal speed. The Earth revolves around its own axis, flies around the Sun in its orbit, but people in different countries of the world always see the same "set" of stars above them? Why is that? Why are the stars above the Earth rotating and rushing in space frozen like soldiers on guard? Society members consider this situation absurd.
In this regard, supporters of the "flat theory" declared the stars to be holograms. They don't exist either.
The sun
If the moon and stars are holograms, then what about the sun? Does the universal luminary really not exist? But what then warms the planet, brings life to all its inhabitants?
Flat-earth proponents claim that there are actually seventeen suns. All of them hang over different regions of the planet, shine and heat with different intensities. The Society's brochures list the features of different suns: California, Russian, Chinese, etc.
Any scientist would call these statements sheer delusion. However, the explanations of the adepts of Rowbotham are by no means devoid of a certain logic. The color of the Sun we observe changes from pale yellow to bright red and burgundy depending on natural conditions or time of day. According to the prevailing scientific concepts, the sky is seen by a person as blue or blue because the sun's rays, overcoming the atmosphere of the planet, break into the corresponding spectra.
But why, then, do we see a yellow sun? If we observe a luminary through the prism of the atmosphere, then it should be blue. Followers of the flat earth theory give an unambiguous answer: the fact is that the sun is not located above the atmosphere, but below it.
As a result, the Society paints the following picture of the universe: the Earth-disk is covered with a dome, under which are artificially made holograms - the moon, stars and the sun. Those wishing to learn more about the views of the Parallax followers can find a lot of videos and articles on the Internet.
The closer to the light source, the warmer
The nature of delusions is based on the inability of people to provide answers to the simplest questions. At the same time, we like to give a lot of pseudoscientific evidence of the most insane theories.
For example, try to answer the following question: It is obvious to everyone that the closer an object is to a source of light and heat, the hotter it is. Try touching a light bulb or getting close to a fire - is it getting hotter? Sure!
But why then, going up in a balloon, we find ourselves in a zone of severe cold. And the higher we go, the lower the temperature becomes.
Most, when answering this question, will start talking about layers of the atmosphere with different temperature characteristics. All this evidence comes from books and has not been tested in practice.
Let's dwell on the obvious - the closer a person is to a heat source, the warmer he is. This should be true for the Sun too. The closer to the luminary, the higher the temperature. However, in practice, this is not observed. Followers of the flat earth theory conclude that the sun is not a source of heat, since in space in this case it would be much hotter than on our planet.
Counter-arguments of official science
Straight horizon
It only seems to people that they see a straight line of the horizon. Already from the plane or from the roof of a skyscraper, you can see the curvature of the earth's surface.
Fake photos from space. NASA conspiracy
In the flat-earth paradigm, NASA is almost a criminal organization. One gets the feeling that the American space agency is headed by Professor Moriarty, and all of its employees are conspiratorial Masons who hide the truth from people out of a desire for personal enrichment.
However, NASA is not alone in the world. Russia has its own space agency, Roscosmos, which broadcasts from the ISS and launches manned spacecraft into space. Russian cosmonauts, like their American counterparts, confirm that the Earth is a ball. Is it possible that Roscosmos is "ruled" by Masons?
No gravity
Another popular statement of the Flat Earth Society is that there is no gravity and the planet is constantly moving upward. If this statement is true and the Earth attracts nothing, then how can birds and planes fly?
The sun is 5 thousand kilometers from the Earth's surface, its diameter is 51 km
Why, in this case, the seasons on the planet change, the day is followed by the night, there are climatic zones. If the Sun were located in the way described by the followers of Parallax, the entire surface of the Earth would have the same temperature.
How do planes land on a round and spinning earth?
Airplanes "rotate" in the atmospheric column together with the Earth.
Atmospheric pressure is a myth
Anyone who has said this should visit the mountains and experience the effect of atmospheric pressure on his own experience.
Flat Earth Theory Books
The concept of the Earth-disk is very stable and for two centuries it has been very popular. Various authors and researchers drew attention to this theory, presented evidence of the correctness of the teachings of Parallax in their books.
One of the most popular books of this kind is The Ancient Cosmology by W. Warren. This great work tells about the cosmogonic ideas of the Egyptians, Sumerians, Babylonians, ancient Chinese, Buddhists. Readers will learn how our ancestors imagined the universe. The book contains more and more interesting illustrations.
"The Earth is not a ball: 100 proofs" by M. Carpenter. The book contains the most convincing, from the point of view of the author, evidence of the correctness of the theory of a flat earth.
"The Earth is not a ball" S. Rowbotham. Book of the founder of the Society of Supporters of the Earth-Disk. Rowbotham has done a great job of confirming his theses.
The generally accepted statement that ancient scientists considered our Earth to be flat is not entirely true. Of course, someone considered it flat, but there were actually several versions, including one that the Earth is a ball. Today, it would seem, all the dots above i are placed and no one doubts that the Earth is a ball revolving around the Sun.
No matter how it is. Whether for the sake of laughter or for the sake of PR, or maybe for religious reasons, but the world again split into two opposing camps on this issue. Are you surprised? If someone comes up to you and claims that the Earth is flat, will you twist at your temple? Oh well. The fact that the Earth is a ball (to be precise - a geoid) and revolves around the Sun is a generally accepted theory and, it seemed, is beyond doubt? Yes, it was not there ...
Which Earth: Round or Flat?
On the one hand, modern science asserts that the Earth is round, but on the other ... At the head, perhaps, is the Flat Earth Society. The main goal is to prove that the Earth is flat, and the governments of all countries are in a conspiracy and in various ways mislead about the sphericity of the Earth, hiding the fact that the Earth is flat.
The Flat Earth Society still finds its followers.
The basic concepts of a flat earth society are:
The Earth is a flat disc, 40,000 kilometers in diameter, centered at the North Pole.
The sun and the moon and the stars move above the surface of the earth.
Gravity is denied. Free fall acceleration occurs because the Earth is moving upward with an acceleration of 9.8 m / s². Due to the curvature of space-time, this can last indefinitely.
There is no South Pole. Antarctica is actually the icy edge of our disk - the wall that encircles our world.
All photographs of the Earth from space are fakes.
The distance between objects in the southern hemisphere is actually much greater. The fact that the flights between them are much faster than it should be according to the map of a flat earth is explained simply - the crews of the airliners are involved in the conspiracy.
The Sun is something like a powerful searchlight 51 km in diameter, which circles above the Earth at a distance of 4800 km and illuminates it.
Everything that happens is an experiment on us.
All scientific institutions deliberately lie about the fact that the Earth is in the shape of a ball, etc.
The government also lies - it works for its reptilian masters.
There were no flights into space, nothing to say about the moon, all this is a lie.
All videos about space flights were filmed on Earth.
And off it went. Gradually, the world is splitting into two halves. One goes to live on a round and spherical Earth, the other is also round, but flat.
Both parties provide "irrefutable" evidence of their vision of the shape of the earth.
Here are some of the most interesting facts of the universe from the lips of both opponents.
The earth is flat because:
IN THE RANGE OF VISIBILITY HORIZON LINE FLAT
Flat Earth Evidence: Take any photograph that has a flat horizon, not a rounded one. Ballseed denial: To see the real curvature of the horizon line or plane in the frame, you need a much greater distance from the survey point to the ground. This can be clearly seen on images from space. Flat earth answer: all images from space are fakes of NASA and the like. The cosmos does not exist. |
THE BIBLE SPEAKS ABOUT FLAT EARTH
Flat Earth Evidence: in many accounts in the Bible, the earth is flat earth.
(Daniel 4:7, 8): “The visions of my head on my bed were as follows: I saw, behold, in the midst of the earth a very tall tree. This tree was big and strong, and its height reached the sky, and it was visible up to the edges of the whole earth » -
- This expression only applies to flat ground.
Globe Earth Denial: (published taking into account the opinions of fundamentalist Christians):
it should immediately be clarified that the Bible is not a scientific work aimed at explaining the structure of the universe. In the Holy Scriptures, this is done in a figurative and understandable language to the common people, based on the knowledge that the people had in those days. However, upon careful reading and interpretation, the Bible does not contradict modern science and does not indicate that the Earth does not have a spherical shape.
In this case, the dream of Nebuchadnezzar is described - the king of the New Babylonian kingdom, who ruled from September 7, 605 to October 7, 562 BC. e .. The tree in the dream, as it turned out from the interpretation of the dream by Daniel, is Nebuchadnezzar himself. The border of the New Babylonian kingdom should be correctly considered the end of the Earth, for a simple reason: Nebuchadnezzar never ruled the entire Earth. In addition, it is talking about seeing, not direct observation.
Flat-earth:
(Isaiah 42:5): "Thus says the Lord God, who created the heavens and their space, who extended the earth with its works."This can only be done with flat ground.
Globe Earth Denial:
This description speaks of what is now commonly called continents. Modern science, with minor reservations, considers the continents to be flat. If this action is considered applicable to a plane, this does not in any way indicate that the entire Earth is also flat.
Flat-earth:there is no continuation of the dialogue from the apponent yet
(Matthew 4:8): "Again the devil takes Him [Jesus] to a very high mountain and shows Him all the kingdoms of the world and their glory."
This is only possible if the Earth is flat.
Globe-earth denial (from Bible scholars and scholars):
All the highest mountains on Earth are known. All climbers climbed, and more than once. It is not possible to consider all the "kingdoms", alas, with any of them, and the reason is not at all that the Earth is round (this is just not a hindrance), but that it is impossible to consider anything at such a distance ... But a modern person can see "all the kingdoms of the world" on a computer monitor or smartphone. However, Satan's capabilities and abilities are far superior to those of humans. In what way he showed the kingdoms and why a high mountain was needed, we do not know.
The most interesting thing is that theoretically this is how you can consider the entire Earth. Don't be surprised, this is really true. This phenomenon is called diffraction. Under certain conditions, we see the horizon line much further than theoretically we should see it. This is how mirages arise. Of course, in real life the chances of seeing something like that are incredibly small. After all, this requires a certain air temperature, humidity, transparency and, possibly, something else. Even less likely to see the whole Earth. And absolutely insignificant - to view what you want. But who said that the devil does not know how to use this phenomenon? To show such mirages-pictures to Jesus would be a very effective way to influence his human spiritual-sensual nature, in order to get him to worship. On the other hand, it can also be about seeing without direct observation.
Flat-earth:there is no continuation of the dialogue from the apponent yet
(Job 38: 12,13): “When in your life did you give orders to the morning and did you indicate to the dawn its place, so that it embraces ends of the earth and shook off the wicked from her ... "
(Job. 37:3 ) "Under the whole sky it rolls, and its shine - to the ends of the earth ."
Edges can only have a plane.
Globe Earth Denial: (from Bible scholars and scholars):
The Lord tells Job about the unshakable order of alternation of day and night established by Him. It is figuratively said that the dawn disperses the darkness and stops the deeds of the wicked, committed at night. The expression "end of the earth" is also used by those who are well aware of the spherical shape of the earth.
There are other references to the ends and corners of the Earth in the Bible, which can be interpreted in different ways: for example, that these are the edges of continents or countries. In addition, the Bible itself has confirmation that the word "earth" means dry land:
(Gen. 1:10 ) And God called dry land earth , and called the collection of waters seas.
Therefore, these scriptures cannot be accepted as proof that the earth is flat.
Flat-earth:there is no continuation of the dialogue from the apponent yet
BEDFORD EXPERIMENT
It was conducted in 1838 by Samuel Rowbotham. This experiment is considered to be the most reliable evidence.
The essence of the experiment is extremely simple. Rowbotham found a flat stretch of about 10 km (6 mi) on the Bedford River. I set up the telescope at a height of 20 inches (50.8 cm) from the surface of the water and began to observe the retreating boat with a five-meter mast.
Throughout the movement of the boat, the mast was visible. On the basis of which Rowbotham stated that the Earth is flat.
If the Earth were round, the mast would have disappeared from sight.
Globe Earth Denial:
Raising the horizon in this case it was due to the phenomenon of refraction. Due to positive refraction, the visible horizon has risen. As a result, its geographic range has increased in comparison with the geometric range. This made it possible to see objects hidden by the curvature of the Earth. At normal temperatures, the horizon is uplifted by 6-7%.
For reference: If the temperature rises too high the visible horizon can rise to the true mathematical horizon. At the same time, the earth's surface will visually straighten. The earth will become flat to the delight of flat-earthers. Of course, only visually. The visibility range in these conditions will become infinitely large. The radius of curvature of the beam can become equal to the radius of the globe.
For reference: The Italian physicist and astronomer Francesco Maria Grimaldi (1618-1663) is considered to be the discoverer of light refraction.
Naturally, Samuel Rowbotham was well aware of the phenomena of refraction. And it is quite logical that the published book describing experiments proving that the Earth is flat did not arouse any interest among scientists. But there were many adherents. One of Hemplen's followers even made a bet of 500 pounds (the amount, at that time, was not small) that he would allegedly prove to any opponent that the Earth was flat. And such an opponent was found. It was the scientist Alfred Wallace. Of course, he knew perfectly well what he was doing. The experiment was carried out in the same valley. But Wallace changed the observation slightly. He used an intermediate point-bridge on which the circle was anchored. A horizontal line was placed at the end point. The telescope, circle and line were at the same height relative to the surface of the water. If the Earth were flat, a line could be seen through the circle at its center. Naturally, this did not happen. However, Hemplen refused to pay the due amount and called Wallace a liar and a forger.
So what is the Earth?
Isn't it time to tell the true story that Magellan just floated in a circle, and not around the Earth. Cook in search of Antarctica sailed along the edge of the Earth. And by the way, he was right: Antarctica does not exist! Kruzenshtern, too, knowingly doubted when he discovered Antarctica. After all, he just ran into the icy wall, which was created so that the oceans would not flow out. It is not clear, of course, how he managed to bypass our Earth disk (yes, disk, let's call a spade a spade) in 751 days. Again conspiracy and falsification! He did not put anything on the map and did not go anywhere, drank, I suppose, beer somewhere in Australia, and the maps were given to him ready, drawn in NASO. NASO is such a special organization that fools us for our billions, draws funny pictures of space, makes viewing programs for the supposedly round Earth, shoots hoax shows of flights to space and to the moon. Governments are in collusion, all scientists are in collusion, pilots are in collusion, the police are also aware of collusion, all smart people are also in collusion. In short, everything is in conspiracy against honest people who understand the essence of the true universe and, finally, with the advent of the Internet, ready to open their eyes to those who are not yet in the subject.
This is what this serious problem looks like today. So what kind of Earth do we actually live on? If you know any facts, please report them in the comments. Perhaps in the article you will be able to find inaccuracies or the need for its addition, we also comment. And we will certainly make an addition, and possibly a continuation, taking into account all your comments and wishes. The request to behave correctly, it is not worth sending applicants to the third grade of high school or to a psychiatrist, twisting a finger to their temples. Checked - does not work. Only weighty arguments and evidence of a flat or spherical Earth will help save the situation.
The earth is shaped ... April 22nd, 2013
In this regard, a small educational program. So as not to forget yourself))
The earth, as has been known since ancient times, flat... Some also add various details such as elephants, tortoises, World waters and others, but these are unnecessary details.
The earth is flat and covered from above, like a lid, with the Vault of Heaven. What is behind it is not entirely clear, but it can be assumed that there is a very tricky mechanics there.
Some, however, argue that the Earth has the form balls... Even the photos are showing.
Others go further and say that the Earth is compressed at the poles. Because it turns. And as a result, it has the shape not of a ball, but ellipsoid of revolution... Even the parameters of this ellipsoid were calculated many times. Each time is different.
The right column is polar compression. You can see how small it is. Imperceptible to the eye.
Some go even further. The land, they say, has bumps and holes. There are all sorts of Alps, the Himalayas, the Mariana Troughs. And of course, continents and oceans filled with water. All this distorts the shape of the Earth and deviates the plumb line from the normal (perpendicular to the surface) of this very Earth's ellipsoid.
If you hang plumb lines all over the Earth and draw through them a surface perpendicular to them, coinciding with the average level of the World Ocean, you get a closed figure -. The geoid is so complex that it cannot even be described by mathematical formulas. It can only be drawn on maps.
Or try to make a globe.
The vertical scale on this "globe" is greatly exaggerated. Maybe a thousand times, maybe more. Therefore, the Earth turned out to be so distorted. So the geoid deviates from the earth's ellipsoid a little more than a hundred meters, which is completely invisible at six thousand kilometers of the earth's radius. If the Earth is shrunk to the size of even the Cheops pyramid, it will be smoother than an industrially made polished metal sphere of the same size.
It would seem that there is nowhere to go further. But they are coming! Since the geoid is too complex to describe it with formulas, and it is necessary to work with it, they try to describe the figure closest to the geoid with formulas. This figure is called quasigeoidand retreats from the geoid by a couple of meters, no more. These are just little things.
The most interesting thing is that I, who studied all this (and much more) at the university, and my fellow topographers will say in unison: Earth flat... All the earthly curvature and slope begins somewhere outside of those small plots of land with which we have to work. So in the age of scientific and technological progress, when our ships plow the expanses of the Universe near-Earth space and provide users with accurate coordinates, many surveyors (armed with receivers of satellite navigation signals) simply do not need knowledge about the shape of the Earth. They work quietly on a flat earth and may not even be aware of its true form.
Let it be at least in the shape of a suitcase.
Anyway, the Earth is too big to be noticeable on six acres (and even on sixty hectares).
In the middle of the last century, these people united in the Flat Earth Society and by now have generated so much evidence of their theory that they even got on the pages of respected publications like the BBC and The Guardian. Let's talk about the strangest conspiracy theory of our time.
Who are these people?
If you do not take into account the ancient ideas about the structure of the world and all the "scientific" calculations of those times, the first person who made a great contribution to the emergence of the Flat Earth Society was Samuel Rowbotham. This is an English inventor who lived in the 19th century. In addition to inventions, Samuel spent his life refuting the heliocentric theory of the structure of the universe and proving that our planet is actually a flat pancake.
During his life, Samuel brought out several important "proofs" and gained fans who, after the death of the inventor, continued his gallant work. Admirers founded their own communities (among them the Ecumenical Zetetic Society and Churches), and somehow nurtured Rowbotham's "flat" ideas until the middle of the 20th century. In 1956, the Ecumenical Zetetic Society was reborn into the International Flat Earth Society under the patronage and presidency of the American Samuel Shenton.
In those days, community ideas were spread through leaflets, newsletters, magazines (the first was dated 1931, and the rest came out after 1977) and by word of mouth, but the public's audience grew steadily. The Internet has made tools for the dissemination of society's ideas accessible - sites, forums, publications in online publications, its own encyclopedias and Wikipedia pages.
With the development of science, the discovery of space programs and the first extraterrestrial successes of mankind, the Society had to deny more and more things and find flaws in material evidence. According to the followers of the idea of \u200b\u200ba flat Earth, NASA is lying, there was no landing on the Moon, all images of the Earth from space were fabricated (according to the location of some details in the images, in particular shadows, this can be easily proven, members of society believe), aircraft pilots in collusion with physicists, and the idea of \u200b\u200ban ellipsoidal earth exists only to fool people and burn taxpayer money on other dubious things.
What's the point?
The main ideas of society are as follows:
- The earth is flat as a pancake, its diameter is 40,000 kilometers.
- The diameter of the Sun is 50 kilometers, it is located at an altitude of several hundred kilometers (not 150 million) above the Earth and moves along a complex trajectory (the trajectory can be seen in the last video in this article) above the planet.
- The stars also move above the Earth, somewhere behind the Sun, along their complex trajectories.
- There are no two turtles and three whales, no one keeps the Earth in space. There is no gravity either, the disk just flies upward at a speed of 9.8 m / s. The sun and the stars, presumably, do it with her.
- In the center of a flat Earth is the North Pole, continents and oceans around it. All this is surrounded by a dense wall of ice (alas, no flame). Therefore, it is impossible to fall over the edge of the earth and therefore water does not flow away from it. And the South Pole does not exist at all. Airplane pilots lie by spending more time in the air than is required when it is possible to fly a short distance between continents of different hemispheres. By the way, this picture of the world is the logo of the community.
Flat earth society
LogoThe society sees its mission in promoting and initiating discussions on the theory of a flat earth, and offers its forums as a platform for encouraging free thinking and discussion, where "free thinkers" "bravely and intelligently" could oppose the supporters of the globe.
The ideas of the Flat Earth Society are accepted with a bang by some religious people, since, unlike the classical theory, they do not contradict the scriptures, and do not require deep knowledge of physics. More precisely, on the contrary, they require serious ignorance in scientific matters.
The society already has its own official site and pages in social networks ( Facebook and Twitter ), as well as a gallery on Flickr... Judging by the site, the guys who run the organization have an excellent sense of humor, style and measure, and they are great at extracting out all the inner demons of the followers of this "free thinking", because on the thorny path of proof, the followers of society famously cross divine theories with naked physics Baba Mani's level and god-level mathematics.
A caravan of delicious arguments
Over the years of the society's existence, there have been plenty of "proofs". Some of the activists of the society even gave birth to a two-hour proof film, in which as many as 200 arguments are given. Strong-minded and knowledgeable English can learn it completely.
Conditionally, they can be divided into two groups: funny and similar to the truth, and those that make hair stand on end not only among physicists. Evidence is teeming with both the official website of the society and the unofficial forums of followers in English, Russian and other languages. We've picked a few of the most egregious, but we're not sure if all of this list is part of the official theory and not fan versions.
- If the Earth were not flat, then taking off along a certain trajectory, the planes would rise higher and higher above the Earth and eventually fall into space. The most surprising thing about this theory is that, according to society, all pilots are in cahoots with NASA and the company. However, there is no reason for conspiracy theories to present logical arguments.
- If the Earth were round, bridges would be built with a correction for bending (in fact, long bridges are built with a correction for it, but most bridges simply do not need this due to their small size).
- The earth cannot be round because the horizon is always level and at eye level. On a round planet, it should always be below eye level (presumably due to rounding).
- There are places on the planet, for example, the city of Genoa in Italy, from which in good weather you can see the islands at a distance of 80–125 miles (130–200 km), which, according to society, is impossible in a round Earth.
- On routes between southern Africa and South America or the southern countries of Oceania and Africa, planes usually fly strongly north to large cities and from them back to the south, which is completely illogical from the point of view of the globe, but fits perfectly into the theory of a flat earth (and to hell with economic considerations and features of the relief and climate).
- If the Sun were so far from Earth, as astronomers say, then the hot climatic conditions in which most of the African continent is located and the extremely cold Antarctica in the neighborhood would be impossible. Indeed, from the Sahara to Antarctica is a stone's throw by planetary standards, and the temperatures there are completely different.
- If the Earth were an ellipsoid, then the North and South Poles would have similar temperature regimes, the seasons would change in the same way, there would be a similar solar cycle, flora and fauna would be more similar to each other. In fact, the average annual temperature at the South Pole is -50 degrees Celsius, at the North Pole - -15 degrees Celsius. In summer, it is even relatively "warm" there by the standards of one of the coldest places on Earth. According to society, this is all because the North Pole is located in the center of the planet, and it receives much more sun. And the ice and permafrost surrounding our flat planet, according to a conspiracy of scientists, are passed off as the South Pole.
- There is no fixed westernmost, easternmost, or southernmost point on the planet. There is only a north one - at the pole. This is all because there is no west, east or south, and the "north" is strictly in the center of the planet.
- Magellan did not prove that the Earth is round, because, according to his description of the route, it is very difficult to travel on a round Earth, moving straight all the time, and return to one point. And on a flat - easily. It's just a circle around the North Pole!
- It is impossible to fall from the edge of the Earth not only because of blocks of ice. Between the earth and the sky lies the horizon of events, so for someone who watches a person at the edge of a flat earth, it will seem that he has been standing there for eternity. And in general this place is a space-time anomaly, where physical laws do not work or work differently.
How to join the community
If you are impressed by these arguments and would like to participate in a lively discussion about the shape of the Earth, you can easily do so on the Internet. Dozens of forums are given by search engines for the request "Flat Earth Society".
The official website of the society currently has 555 associate members (for comparison: more than 50,000 people have subscribed to the organization's Facebook page, and 4,000 to Twitter). To become one of them, you need to leave an application on the website (by this link), it's free. The second option is to become a friend of society, and "friendship" will cost $ 12. After successful registration and payment of the "friendly" commission by regular mail, you will be sent an identification card, a certificate personally signed by the president of the organization, and a bag of all branded joy - stickers, fridge magnets, etc.
So is it really flat?
The video blogger Vsauce, who regularly plunges into such depths of science that not every video of his can be understood from the first viewing, wondered what would have happened if our planet had really been flat. What would happen to gravity, with objects that fell on the edge of the Earth or were near it, and why, in the end, from the point of view of physics, the existence of a flat planet is impossible - see his video.
However, for the average member of the Flat Earth Society, the phrase that in space conditions not a single large physical object can not be a ball is an empty phrase, since society denies all space theories and gravity. If we take as a basis the idea that the Earth is a big pancake that moves upward at a speed of 9.8 m / s, then we can assume that our whole existence will end at the moment when our giant pancake at full speed crashes into another pancake, which may well move at a different speed. And then all our beautiful cloudless life will end in one big "wakeup" at the moment. Crumbs-stars and a hot ball of the Sun are spreading between us. No giant meteorites or Bruce Willis on a rescue mission, no romance. Burns, strangulation, and flattening. It seems that flat-earth fans should prove themselves in cinematography.
On October 4, 2017, the planet Earth celebrated the 60th anniversary of the beginning of the space age of mankind - the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite into orbit.
Satellite for exposing the conspiracy of scientists
But, as it turns out, even now there are skeptics who believe that all space research is a complete hoax. In particular, scientists allegedly lie about what shape our planet actually has.
At the end of September american hip-hop artist Bobby Ray Simons, acting under the pseudonym B.o.B, began raising funds for the construction of satellites. With their help, he is going to expose the NASA conspiracy and prove that the Earth is actually flat.
This could be regarded as a curiosity, but, as it turns out, not too large, but quite active brotherhood of flat-earth supporters operates throughout the planet.
Mr Rowbotham and his followers
In 1992, the Vatican - arguably the most conservative organization in the world - officially rehabilitated Galileo Galilei, recognizing that the Earth is not a stationary body and indeed revolves around the Sun. On this, it would seem, the story with a flat earth should have ended. But it turned out completely differently.
In the 19th century english inventor and writer Samuel Rowbotham wrote a book in which, based on his own experience, he argued that the Earth is flat. He popularized his theory through lectures, and attracted many supporters. In the United States, Rowbotham's supporters founded the flat-earth Christian Catholic Apostolic Church.
In 1956, the International Flat Earth Society was created. Oddly enough, the ranks of this organization were replenished even after the flight of Gagarin and the landing of American astronauts on the moon. By the way, it was the flat Earth supporters who actively promoted the version that the landing on the Moon was a hoax filmed in Hollywood.
Earth is disk, North Pole is center, Antarctica does not exist
So what is the Earth according to the supporters of this theory?
Our planet is a disk 40,000 kilometers in diameter with the North Pole at its center. In fact, Antarctica and the South Pole do not exist - the wall of ice encircling the planet along the edges is taken for the southernmost continent. The sun, moon and stars revolve above the earth's surface.
Photographs from space are not considered by supporters of a flat earth as an argument. In their opinion, the scientists of the planet are in a conspiracy, and everything that is published is a well-thought-out lie.
“I'm going down. On the same spot!"
In May 2017 american Darryl Marbletook a building level with him on the plane and put it on a table in the back of the front seat. According to the calculations of the man, in 23 minutes of the experiment the plane should cover 326 kilometers. According to Marble, if the Earth has a curved surface, then the plane's trajectory will deviate from the horizontal by 8 kilometers. To compensate for this, the pilot would have to lower the nose of the aircraft. But this did not happen, which means, they say, the Earth is flat. The experimenter called the existence of gravity "just a theory."
Blogger jeranism drove 144 kilometers along the highway in his car and recorded the entire journey on video. According to his calculations, if the Earth were a ball, then during the journey it would rise 1.6 kilometers. Since the road remained flat and there were no bends, it means that no spherical earth exists.In July 2017, the flat-earth fighter became famous in Russia as well. Schoolboy Maxim Ozherelyev on his video channel on the Internet, he furiously defended the version about the plane of his home planet: “So I jumped. The earth rotates at 400 meters per second. I go down. On the same spot! I think, why didn't the Earth do this ... moving, and I didn't fly away 400 meters somewhere? "
Maxim became famous all over the Runet, but turned out to be not a very persistent person. After the users made fun of him, he chose to delete his videos, and he no longer speaks to this.
“Who are we with? With God and the Bible, or with the Freemasons and their pseudoscience? "
However, there are people in Russia who are stronger in the faith. On the VKontakte social network, there is a “Flat Earth Society” with more than 28 thousand members.
“This group was created to counteract pseudoscience, encroaching on the foundations of the biblical world order,” the organizers of the project say. - Why do we defend the truth about Flat Earth? The point is not that we, like all honest people, are fighting for the Truth. And not even that the plane of the Earth is obvious to anyone who has eyes and the ability to look with them. It's all about trusting God ... The Bible gives us a clear and clear picture of the world order. Modern science, funded by Masonic circles, denies this picture and slips in its place its own, designed to confuse the minds. We have a choice - who are we with? With God and the Bible, or with the Freemasons and their pseudoscience? "
Agree, this no longer sounds like a funny joke. One more step, and the adherents of this society will begin to interpret the advocacy of the sphericity of the Earth as an insult to the feelings of believers with all the ensuing consequences.Flat Earth on TV
On September 25, 2017, flat-earth supporters in Russia had a real holiday. REN TV channel showed the release of the TV show "The most shocking hypotheses" Igor Prokopenko, in which the floor was given to those who consider the Earth flat.
Among the heroes of the program were former NASA employee Matthew Boylan, who claimed that he was forced to edit real images from satellites so that the Earth appeared spherical, and Pavel Sviridov, one of the most famous flat-earthers in Russia. The latter announced on the Internet his performance in the program: “I am involved in the creation of this film. As you know, TV success is measured by ratings. Therefore, I am asking you to spread information about this film as much as possible, let as many people as possible watch it, be active, write reviews, discuss it, including on the channel's forum, and then we will break through this dam of lies and silence. " In the program, Sviridov claims that NASA, by showing footage of astronauts from orbit, is in fact using chroma key and other technologies to falsify reality. The word was also given to other supporters of the flat Earth from among bloggers and amateur scientists who debunked all evidence of the sphericity of the planet.
At the same time, the real scientists were not given a word in the program, and it turned out that they had nothing to argue with Sviridov and the company.
"Anyone who wants to know information that is recognized by official science - this is the textbook of natural history"
But a real scandal erupted after it became known that the author of the program, Igor Prokopenko, became a TEFI-2017 laureate in the nomination ... "Educational program". True, he received the award not for "The Most Shocking Hypotheses", but for his other project - "Military Secret".
The presentation of the Prokopenko award immediately after the "flat earth" broadcast caused outrage among many. The journalist himself responded to critics like this: “I have no task for a number of data that appear in my program to be recognized by official science, for one simple reason: the program is called“ The most shocking hypotheses ”. Anyone who wants to know information that is recognized by official science - this is the textbook of natural history for the fourth grade. Those who want to know all the versions and hypotheses that exist today - from the classic to the funniest and most fantastic - are here. There is no contradiction in this. "
Indeed, there is no contradiction. In fact, the TEFI laureate said the following: I have the right to present any theories, and if someone, not burdened with the burden of knowledge, falls under their influence, then this is not a problem for the creators of the program.
"I don't believe that people can be such idiots."
The cosmonauts who are now in orbit also joined in the discussion of the topic, which became unusually acute in the days of the 60th anniversary of the launch of the first satellite.
During the presentation of the SPACEWALK 360 project, dedicated to the first ever panoramic video made in outer space, a Russian Sergey Ryazansky remarked: “I think flat-earth supporters are such a cool professional space trolling. I don't believe that people can be such idiots. "
And yet, with the heroes of space, you can argue. People can be extraordinary idiots. Even in the 61st year of the space age.