Among the huge variety of vegetation of a moderate climatic belt, coniferous trees occupy a special place. They appeared on the planet many millions of years ago and are one of the main sources of oxygen. Their role in the economic activity of man is invaluable. Plants of coniferous rocks are used in medicine, chemical and cosmetic industry.
Characteristics of coniferous rocks
Coniferous breeds include wood and shrub shapes. There are almost all corners of the globe in mixed forests or the Taezhnaya zone. According to the degree of illumination of areas occupied by them, you can judge what coniferous trees are. Names define their light-mindedness. These are dark and light and light breeds.
Refer to the most ancient class, which, in turn, includes the following types of families:
- Araucaries inhabit the forests of the southern hemisphere. Plants of this species are very demanding of moisture and warmth. Have wide leaves, large cones and seeds. The bark and wood highlights a large number of resin. They are considered rare and numbered only about forty varieties.
- Garde-circuit grow on wet swampy soils of the Australian continent and Asia. The family includes more than one hundred forty species. Leaves can be of different sizes and shapes.
- Pine are a numerous family that occupies extensive territories. In Siberia, natural biomes called Taiga are formed. These include more than two hundred and fifty evergreen and deciduous species.
- Cypressians grow in northern and southern latitudes. Trees grow up to seventy meters high, have a very wide trunk. Shrubs are characterized by slow growth, can be high and fluttering.
Modern coniferous trees are vascular plants, their seeds develop inside the cones. They are long-livers, the age of the oldest tree reaches nine thousand years. As well as the trees of this breed are record holders in height.
Darkness trees
The most popular varieties include:
- Juniper has a chevy of different shades - from green to golden. It refers to the lower tier of coniferous and mixed forest arrays. It lives in the moderate climate of the Eurasian continent, North Africa and the United States of America. At home does not require much care due to its unpretentiousness.
- Berry TIS is a rare view of evergreen plants. The habitat area includes the southern regions of Europe and the Russian Federation. Tis attracts attention to small needles of light green and reddish berries, ripening autumn. Grows on light, alkaline soils with high humidity.
- Thua has a cone-shaped crown with a cheese of emerald color. Very unpretentious and resistant to winter cold. It is well harmonized with blooming plants, therefore it is often planted on household plots and urban squares.
Beautiful appearance and a large variety of species allows the use of coniferous shrubs for landscape design in any regions.
All the favorite beautiful coniferous trees are ate, pine, fir, cypresses and others.
They are so many and all of them look great in the garden, in the country area and are generally used in landscape design.
The coniferous trees have many different names, look more detailed to decide and decide what exactly you want to plant.
All trees are beautiful in their own, and their smell attracts and relaxes. These are the indispensable parts of each garden.
Spruce from the pine family. Love moderate climates, grow high to 35 centimeters. Their leaves are sharp green needles, look in the form of a spiral. Stayed on a tree for many years.
On the tree there are sistemic, which grown after ten years of life ate. There were many different species with different forms, different heights, etc.
They are loved for their smell, decorativeness. Here are species that grow most often in Russia:
- Glen Yel
A large tree, considerable height. The lower branches hang down invested, and the upper branches are located up, as if pulling the sun. Bid of purple color. Loves wet soil.
- Canadian spruce (white, sisaya)
Thick trunk, crowns in the form of a cone. The needles are very long, bumps in size with egg. Grows in the forests of America. Unpretentious fir, even gets used to drought and calmly grows.
The color has yellow-green, massive spruce, a bumps are small, red. Ripen fruit late, by the end of spring. Frequently used as a decorative fir.
- Blue spiny
35 meters high. The thickness is the meter, it can be separated into several trunks. The bark is fat, young gray, older - brown. Hreatling sharp, needles, beautiful blue.
- Ordinary fir
Common view. It is usually planted at the fence as protection from the Sun to create a shadow in the country for recreation or plants of some. The needles are long, large, thick, glitters and has a dark green color. Grows up to 500 years. It is known about it that at the beginning of ripening grows, then very quickly.
- Serbian fir
Rare, grows in Serbia. Small, has a dwarf shape. The needles are small, it has a color from a dark blue to the light blue mixed with green. Possessely transfers any soil, climate and conditions.
- Siberian fir
The spruce itself is a large, her needles are small and very sharp, bumps are also small. Mostly grows in Europe, Siberia. She loves wet soil, so it is less common than other fir.
- Sitkinskaya fir
Alaska State Symbol. Large massive fir, mainly used as decorative. He loves a wet cool climate.
- Inversion fir
Height up to seven meters, width to two.
- Nidformis
Little spruce almost with meter growth, styling one and a half meters.
- Glauca
It has a blue hive, used as decorative in landscape design.
Fir. Views
Family pine, powerful tree. Cone form. In the form of an oval or cylinder - bumps. In youth, the tree does not like sunlight. Does not love dirty, dusty places.
Here are the types of fir:
- Caucasian Piht
The plant is considered heroic and powerful, her species was found in 1835 in Georgia. Otherwise, they call the fir of Nordman, in honor of the man who found her species. 50 meters in height. Crown in the shape of a pyramid.
There is such an opinion that when the Trojan horse was built, used the bark of this fir. Therefore, it also has such a name. It is used for Christmas and decorate in Europe.
She lives 700 years old. It has a juicy green color and glitters.
- Single-color fir
It has an unusual and grace, grows mainly in the north of America. Branches and needles in the form of a skeleton, sharp stuffing. Calmly tolerate winds. Loves almost any soil, can transfer any conditions. It grows long up to 350 years, unpretentious. Quietly worries a transplant.
- Pihta subalpian
Slender fir, low, has a shape of a column. It has a silver-blue shade. He has a strong powerful smell of cones. Does not like moisture, quietly grows mainly in shadow areas. Loves rich soil, it grows poorly in the urban environment.
- Fir Sakhalin
Slender, low, pointed up the fir. The color of the young bark is gray, the older, the darker. Does not like to grow in the city due to abundant air pollution, but it is frost-resistant.
- Argent
The needles are unusual blue gray, white tips. Spring ripen fluorescent shoots. This unusual phenomenon occurs during the month, looks great in the garden.
Cedar. Views
These plants have a stunning beautiful view. British are widely used in gardens and parks. At the same time enriched and make landscape so cozy and pleasant.
Bonsai make from dwarf forms of this plant. These are all trees trees.
The real wild grow to 3 thousand meters in height, above the clouds.
INTERESTING TO KNOW:
Those nuts that we buy in the store and eat (cedar) - actually grow not on cedar, these are fruits from the pine cedar. Cedar's real fruits can not eat.
Types of cedar:
- Strict;
- Pendula;
- Curtaos;
- Nana (dwarf);
- Nana Pyramidat.
Cypress. Views
Cone or pyramidal form evergreen plants. Foliage is close pressed against the crust.
The cones ripen on 2 years of growing plants. It is believed that the entire types of cypress about 25, but are used as decorative only species 10.
Here are the most frequent species that use everything in landscape design:
Larch. Views
Diameter - meter, height - 50m. Branches grow in a chaos order. Soft needles. Scientists have identified 15 plant species larch. Widely used:
- Vinminis;
- Rapens;
- Corn;
- Pector (in the form of a ball);
- Diana (branches in the form of a spiral, covers of ash color);
Thuja. Views
Family cypress. She is very loved in Ukraine as a decorative plant.
Unpretentious, can get used to and get along in all conditions: frost, drought, bad soil.
Strong rhizome, branches grow up, column or pyramidal shape of wood, ripen bumps in the 1st year of growth.
- Arbor vitae
Selects special essential oils, it perfectly affects human health. Therefore, finding a person and the opportunity to breathe the air of the Tui has a beneficial effect on man. Frost-resistant, drought-resistant, thermal-loving, whimsally to the soil.
- Eastern yellow
Grows fast and thick. The plant loves light, does not tolerate the shadow, and is also not drought-resistant, loves abundant watering.
- Western Danika
Dwarf.
Pine. Views
It has only 12 species, but only 11 are particularly common. The breed is distinguished by the number of needles on the branches. By the way, pines are distinguished by fragrant smell of needles.
IT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW:
It is undesirable to plant in the open soil - dry. Pine is better to plant from July to September.
There are several types of pines, alone are large, grow in parks, for example, by themselves and decorated with their size and power, and specially grown dwarfs decorate the household sections.
Mountain pine is particularly common, grows in Western Europe up to 12 meters high:
- Gnome. Height - 2 meters, needles - 4 meters;
- Columnaris - shrub with thick cheese;
- Pug - a spherical shape of the branches;
- Mini Pug;
- Glossom Viridis - ovoid shape, long needles.
Coniferous plants have long become an element of landscape design of areas, but, as a rule, the simplest types are used: juniper, blue spruce, pine. In my area, for a long time there was a simple set of conifers, and pine herself grown near the long fence.
I really wanted to plant a cedar, so I went to the kennel of coniferous plants. The variety of species was just struck by me: wearing larchs, spherical fir, peeling juniper, pyramidal thuly, dwarf pines, even unfamiliar conifer - Tsuga Canadian.
Now I have on a plot of 12 of a wide variety of coniferous plants.
The article will describe the most interesting and decorative types of conifers, which can create exquisite and luxurious compositions on any site.
When planting coniferous trees and shrubs, it is necessary to take into account a number of nuances:
- They grow poorly in the neighborhood with birch, cherry, lime
- Moisture, so, it is impossible to plant other trees and plants at a distance of up to 5 meters away, as the conifers will "take off" from the soil all the water
- Hypertensives are better to plant coniferous plants in small quantities, since the aroma of needles increases pressure;
- Roughs, especially ate, attract mosquitoes, so it is not recommended to disembark them around the recreation areas
- It is impossible to plant coniferous trees close to home, roots can destroy the foundation and, moreover, this is a violation of fire safety rules
Coniferous plants are divided into 4 groups:
- Spruce
- Pine
- Cypress
- Tees.
Spruce coniferous plants
Spruce robbers require free space, poorly carry the shaded places (needles fall in the shade), they do not require shelter and feeding.
There are a lot of resin in their wood, so in the Russian villages a fir never used to cover the bath.
Spruce needles is one of the most ancient natural drugs from a variety of diseases. They collected it in winter, it was then that there is the largest number of useful components.
Spiny spruce (blue)
This kind of ate distinguishes the extraordinary color of the needles - silver-blue or gray-green with a matte bloom, cones - reddish, when ripening become brown, needles spiny.
First, the fir grows slowly, but when reached the 10-year age, it begins to give an annual increase to 15-30 cm and grows up to 35-40 m. Life term - 500-600 years, it is well tolerating cold winds and low temperatures, but "does not like" Pumping soil near the tree.
Vialobok (Belobok)
One of the varieties of Eli Kolyaci is a variety of Belobok Polish selection. It is characterized by the color of the young growth of the twigs, they have an unusual golden color. The variety is low, grows over the entire period of life up to 2 meters, the crown has an asymmetric form.
The needles tightly sits on the branches, which creates the effect of puff. It grows slowly, does not tolerate water stagnation. In the shade can lose a bright color. Suitable for growing in alpinearia.
Pine coniferous plants
Plants of this group require a large space. The growth of the tree can reach 50 meters, the crown is located high, has a "shaped" form. Pine grows quickly, especially the first 150 years. Needle needles, collected in bundles of several pieces, rigid.
In different varieties of the needles of different length, it can be from 2 cm to 35 cm. When climbing frosts, the needles are covered with a thin layer of waxing from frostbite, stop "breathing".
Pine cedar Siberian
This kind of pine is different called the Siberian cedar. A tree with a straight trunk, up to 45-50 meters high, with a thick crown. The needles are soft, up to 15 cm long, dark green. Brown cones, ripen a year and a half, so the collection of cedar nuts occurs with regularity in a year.
In each lug may be up to 200 nuts, and from each tree they are collected up to 1500 pieces. Fruption occurs only on the 60th year of the tree, the period of life is 900-1000 years. In places with dry and hot climate it can not grow.
Larch
Refers to the family of pine, but has the difference from all conifers: the needle of the larch every year is falling in front of winter. The needles are soft, not barbed, brown cones. Especially beautiful larch wrapped. She is unpretentious, growing rapidly, so in the spring, before the start of growth requires trimming. A tree is a long-lived, a tree life - up to 800 years.
Types of larchs:
- Siberian
- European
- Japanese
- Western
- Kamchatka
- Primorskaya
Pine Mountain Mugus
This specification is a shrub spark-like pine, but can be formed both as a tree. The needles are dark green, short (3-4 cm), branches are located close to the surface of the Earth.
At the age of 6-7 years, the shrubs begin to ripen small bumps. This type of pine is not afraid of frosts, droughts, wind, has immunity against disease, its wood does not burn. The duration of life is about 600-900 years. The most interesting for decorating plots are its dwarf varieties: Gnome, Benjamin and Pug.
Gnome
The height of the shrub is 1.5-1.6 meters, first the bush grows into the width, then there is a vertical growth of the branches. Crown of a spherical, needle is dark green. At the ends of the branches are formed small, no more than 4 cm, lumps, ripen for the second year.
The variety is unpretentious, drought-resistant, well tolerate frosts, not afraid of winds, can grow almost any soil. Many gardeners plant it along the tracks on the site.
Cypress coniferous plants
This subspeted subsifies feel good at sunny places, but does not carry out scoring midday rays. This group includes cypressions, teu and juniper. For them, another needle form is characterized, instead of needles - scales on branches. All of them possess the unique specific odor.
Juniper
The height of different varieties of juniper can be from 50 cm and up to 15-20 meters. The shape of the bush is also diverse: Colon's hair, whipping, pyramidal, wrapped. The needles are soft, greenish-gray color, fruits are similar to buggy berries, some varieties are poisonous.
The best sundials are suitable for them. The plant is unpretentious, does not require regular irrigation, well tolerates trimming, grows on any soils.
Species of juniper:
- Juniper Cossack
- Juniper ordinary
- Juniper scaly
- Juniper rock
- Juniper Chinese
Thanks to a variety of varieties, you can pick up for the site any type of plants, but for large rooms there is a lot of free space.
Cypress
The subgroup of cypresses consists of 19 species, which are represented as trees and shrubs. The height of the tree can reach 35 meters, the growth of shrubs does not exceed 2 meters. During the period of growth in cypress, the needle shape changes: from needle to scaly. Wood cypress does not rot, does not affect insects and mold.
Cypress varieties:
- Arizonian
- Italian
- Mexican
- High-ended
Tuya
Thuya is another subgroup of the family of cypress. The shape of it is different: colonum, dwarf-shaped, pyramidal. Coloring of the needle can be bright green, yellow, blue. The needles are soft, the seeds ripen in small shishchers in the first year.
The plant is not terrous frost, drought, but it is necessary to protect it from the winds. Most often used as a live fence.
There are several Tui groups:
- Folded
- Eastern
- Western
- Japanese
Thuja Smaragd.
Tuya Western Smragd - evergreen tree reaches a height of 5-6 meters. It has a cone-shaped shape, flexible branches, do not break under the weight of snow. The needles are green throughout the year, although the other thuy needles in the winter acquires a rusty shade. Quietly trimming, when drought Krone radiates.
Little Giant (small giant)
One of the popular Tui Western varieties - Little Giant dwarf variety.
Evergreen ball shrub height not more than 70-80 cm with bright green cheese. It can grow even on swampy soil, likes solar places. Often used for Japanese-style decor.
Thick coniferous plants
Prefer fertile soil with good breathability, regular watering is required. Ties to illumination are not demanding, grow perfectly in shaded places.
Wood (Red Tree) is a valuable material, but its use on an industrial scale is prohibited, since the TIS is an endungent view.
There are several types of tees:
- Berry
- Golden
- Canadian
- SHOT COLORT
- Far Eastern
Tis berry
Grows slowly, is a tree - a long-lived, reaches age of 4000 years. The needles fade into the sun, so it is preferably a light half. Seeds are in a red berry, the berry is mortally dangerous for a person, causes a stop of breathing. Tees do not suit acidic soils.
From the varieties of tees of berry, David variety is particularly attractive, from which various garden figures are formed using a haircut.
Main conclusions
- Coniferous plants are divided into 4 groups: spruce, pine, cypress and tees. For the design of the site, you can use both large-scale varieties and dwarf varieties.
- For landing, you need to choose 3-4-year-old seedlings, they are suitable better.
- When choosing a place for tall conifers, it is necessary to take into account that they grow slowly and it is necessary to provide for them free space.
- Coniferous plants are unpretentious, growing on any soils, well transfer adverse weather conditions, resistant to various diseases.
- Create a healthy microclimate: reduce the noise level, absorb harmful emissions, disinfect air.
Sometimes, looking at evergreen coniferous trees, people think: why is a person such a short century on earth? Reasonable creatures that can think, feel and create, on average, 70-80 years old, and ordinary trees - more than a thousand. Perhaps someday the dream of eternal life will be fulfilled, and then people will be able to enjoy the environment to fully. While this time did not come, it is closer to get acquainted with different types of coniferous trees to decorate their summer cottage.
It is these evergreen plants harmoniously fit into any landscape design. Their strict and sophisticated forms are clearly highlighted on a green lawn in summer. And in the cold time, refresh the country house saturated with greens and a pleasant resinous aroma. A lot of gardeners grown in their sites of evergreen beauties, because their diversity is truly impressive. They are high growth and dwarf. There are in the form of a pyramid or cone. Therefore, an unforgettable landscape of coniferous trees remains in the heart of grateful people forever. Consider more popular species.
Among the huge number of coniferous long-livers are especially impressive by unique specimens: Spruce "Old Tikko" in Sweden (more than 9 thousand years), Pine "Mafusail" in the United States (about 5 thousand). In general, the planet has up to 20 such trees.
Nationwide favorite - spruce
Probably there is no man who would not hear about this tree. It is folded a lot of poems and songs, written pictures and fairy tales. The plant is associated with various holidays, customs, and sometimes with bad signs. Because of this, the plant suffers from unlimited cutting, which brings a lot of disturbances to connoisseurs of nature.
Spruce - evergreen coniferous tree, which belongs to the Pine Family, can grow to a height of 35 meters. It has a pyramid or triangular crown shape, a sharp top. The branches are located along the entire trunk, so it is practically not visible from the side. They grow a dark green needle with a glossy shiny coating, which is much shorter than pine.
The tree is found almost everywhere on the expanses of the northern hemisphere. It is the main component of the Russian taiga, where it grows next to the oak, pine, the flame and. In nature, there are about 50 species of fir. Some of them successfully come true on the lawns of country houses. The following types are especially widely used.
The roots of the fir is close to the surface of the soil, so a strong hurricane wind can cook it. Therefore, the tree should not be planted near the residential premises.
AkroKona
For ate of this species, a wide conical crown with hanging branches is characteristic. Considered slowly. For 30 years, it grows in a height of up to 4 meters. The diameter of the plant is about 3 m. Prefers shaded places. Spruce perfectly tolerates cold temperatures. In summer, he needs irrigated.
Inverse
The tree has a colonum-shaped crown and falling branch branches, which, as if the train concerns the ground. Grow up to maximum up to 8 meters. The diameter of the adult plant is about 2.5 m.
European Maxwelli
Dwarf shrub in the form of a wide cone. Without problems transfers winter frosts and shaded places. Grows to a meter height. The diameter of an adult shrub is 2 m.
Glauer Globoz
The famous spruce is highlighted by a bay of blue. Grows in height to 2 meters. Used in many countries to decorate landscapes of the urban and suburban zone. Due to the fact that the tree is a haircut, from it the original blue balls that make their fans all year round.
Fir - tree with purple cones
Evergreen representative of the genus "Pine". It differs from its close relatives with the peculiarities of the needles:
- softness;
- shine;
- flat shape.
On the bottom side of each needle, white stripes are visible, which gives the plant a festive look. The fir tree is decorated with purple cones, which is its main highlight. It grows slowly for 10 years, after which growth is accelerated. Lives about 400 years. Breeders brought decorative varieties that are used to decorate urban and country territories.
Since the needles of the tree has healing properties, grow a fir in the country area - a great idea. It helps in the fight against withered diseases, radiculitis and healing of wounds.
Columnaris
The tree has a direct barrel and a narrow crown resembling a column. Grow up to 10 meters. Thick branches are directed upwards, which gives the tree a majestic nature.
Prostrath
Such fir is famous for the branches, which can reach 2.5 meters in length.
Argent
The variety is characterized by original silver needles, the tips of which are painted in a whitish color. Each spring from her kidneys overlook the yellow coloring of a luminescent character. Such an unusual combination creates a stunning view of the country house. And it lasts almost a month.
Nana
A dwarf tree growing only up to 50 cm. The diameter of an adult plant is 1 m. Krone is rounded, slightly flashed. Miraculously leaving in small areas.
Majestic cedar
From time immemorial, these trees were considered a symbol of greatness. In the natural environment, they grow at an altitude of 3 km above sea level and resemble real gigids. Grow up to 50 meters. More than two centuries live.
Despite its greatness, this is a unique tree, because it can decorate any garden landscape. If you put it at the front entrance, the atmosphere of some celebration is created. On spacious lawns - home comfort.
Some dwarf varieties are used to grow bonsai plants. To create original landscapes, species are widely used:
- color of needles;
- needle-length;
- tree sizes.
Selecting the appropriate look is desirable to first get acquainted with the plant. For home cultivation, such varieties are used:
Mysterious larch
Many people think that if a tree is called a larch, it means that it does not apply to coniferous species. In fact, it is not. The plant is a representative of the "Pine" family, but unlike his relatives, falls in the fall in the fall.
Larch grows up to 50 m in height. In this case, the barrel reaches 1 m in diameter. The branches grow in chaotic order, with a barely noticeable tilt. As a result, the crown is formed in the form of a cone. The needles are noticeably flashed, soft to the touch, bright green. In the natural environment there are 14 different varieties. For garden design, these types are used:
Such a variety allows you to create magnificent landscapes on the territory of country sites.
Glittering Pine
Biologists have more than a hundred different varieties of such evergreen plants. Moreover, the distinctive feature is the number of needles on one bundle. Pine tree often grows up to a height of 50 meters. The straight trunk is covered with a reddish-drier cracking bark. Long needles are located on the sprawl branches of the tree and differ in a saturated aroma. Pine lives about 600 years and perfectly tolerate cold and summer heat.
Pine landing should be performed quickly because its roots can dry in a quarter of an hour. Such a plant does not take root in the new territory.
For garden decoration breeders created original miniature species:
Without a doubt, such evergreen live decorations are suitable for creating landscape alpinarians or mixtures. In any case, pine can become a business card of the country area.
Her Majesty - Tuya
Evergreen tree of this species is almost always used for the scenery of urban parks and green arrays. Recently, this plant is widely used to decorate the native territories. It is valued by gardeners for the ability to transfer strong winter frosts, drought and high humidity.
Thuja tree is distinguished by lush branches, on which the scaly leaves are arranged dark green. Each year, the plant is covered with miniature bumps that resemble scattered beads on green cloth. In addition to traditional forms, Tui come:
- dwarf;
- brewery;
- cutting.
Most often, seedlings called "Occidentalis" are used for the design of the naudel area. The tree is capable of growing up to 7 m in height, and create a crown of about 2 m. Another kind is "Sloth of Gold" - has a golden tint of needles. Perfectly carries out in the shady places of the garden.
The average grade - "columna" strikes with his darkened dark green coloring with a glossy chip. He does not disappear even in winter, for which he is very appreciated by lovers of green plantings. "Columna"
The compact look of the turkey tree - "Holmstrup" has a conical shape, despite its height - 3 m. Wonderfully transfers cold winters, succumbes and applied as a live fence. Another giant - "smared" - grows approximately 4 m. The diameter of the adult tree is up to 1.5 m. The needles of juicy, dark green with a brilliant tide. Such beauty will certainly decorate the country landscape of greenery connoisseurs.
It is closer to get acquainted with the majestic coniferous trees, it is easy to choose the appropriate option. And may the country plot turn into a green oasis of joy, where resistant coniferous trees grow.
Conifers in landscape design - video
Roughs are the love of many people, not only landscape designers. What kind of fragrance they give, especially in the warm regions - cypresses, thuly, various types of pines. Remember their greens in winter. Soft, fluffy, prickly, high, giant, small and dwarf, forest, mountainous - what a magical diversity gives us nature! And of course, they are used almost every time with the improvement of territories.
Trees not only save us from heat, rain or wind, but also serve as an indispensable source of oxygen. Some plants all year old are able to delight the eye with their greens. It is that such a kingdom of coniferous trees. Their signs are very easy to distinguish among other species. In addition to non-fading needles used as protection, they have cones, in which seeds are stored for further reproduction. The first representatives of this kingdom appeared in the coal period, and in our time are evergreens of woody plants. They are the most numerous among plants on land. And only they have a special resin of coniferous trees, which initially serves as protection against insects. The smells released by needles contain in its composition of phytoncides, whose properties are used for the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases.
In any weather, it's nice to walk along the cool coniferous forest, for Russia it is not uncommon. But not every country boasts such wealth, because to grow such trees, such as pine, spruce, for example, a special climate is needed. Evergreen plants are famous long-livers, the average age of one plant reaches 500-800 years. Also not rare deciduous rocks for coniferous trees, which are called "larch". Some varieties have already been extinct, many under protection live in botanical gardens, and the most popular species are used by gardeners as decorative plants. Of these, wonderful garden compositions are obtained.
There are 600 species of plants on the planet, which belong to conifer. For a more convenient classification, they are divided into childbirth. What trees are the most common among them, learn from this list:
- eugene fir,
- tree barbed silver,
- fir Serbian
- christmas tree Canadian
- pine ordinary
- pine black,
- pine Weimutova,
- pine cedar
- arbor vitae,
- tuya giant
- western Thuja
- balsam fir,
- fir Korean,
- siberian fir,
- noble fir,
- fir Vicha
- fir Caucasian,
- white
- european larch,
- japanese larch
- larch Daur
- larch Siberian
- european cedar,
- cedar Siberian,
- tis Canadian,
- tees european
- juniper,
- tuich.
Of course, this impressive list lists far from all representatives of conifers, but clearly makes it clear how much a variety of these plants is. Other decorative species are also suitable for cultivation, but in the wild there are much less frequently. The soft wood of these plants is used in industry, and resistance to moisture allows you to build ships from reliable boards.
Each species has its own growth area, breeding features, bumps and needles. For most of them, acidic soil is suitable without certain fertilizers and a harsh climate with high humidity, winds and low temperatures, which has the northern part of Russia, Canada and Europe. Christmas tree, spruce, pine, thuja, larch and other names of coniferous trees belong to the most frost-resistant species, the protection of which from low temperatures allows to grow even in winter. Landing on this territory will bring guaranteed fruits without much effort, and the resulting compositions will delight gardeners. Planting coniferous trees is a simple process.
What plants are most suitable for decorative purposes, consider in the form of a table of differences for clarity characteristics.
The table below shows the comparative characteristic and signs of coniferous trees.:
| Name | Lighting | Form and height of the plant | Durability |
| European tree | moderate | Cone-shaped, 50 m | 250-300 years |
| Pine | Lightweight | Cone-shaped, over the years it becomes wider, 40 m | 200-250 years |
| Tuya Western | Shadimy | Pyramid, dense needles, 3 m height. | 150 years old |
| White fir | Shadimy | Pyramidal, to old age nest-shaped, 60 m. Height | 300-400 years |
| Lightweight | Incorrect either cone shape, 50 m. Height | 50-100 years | |
| Tis Canadian | Shadisy | Shrub, 2.5 m. | Up to 1500 years |
| Name | Landing and watering | Form of leaves and cones | Special conditions for cultivation |
| European tree | Changing or seeds, do not overflow | Flusted needles 1-3 cm, oblong cylindrical cones | Suglinted soil without water stagnation, spruce tolerate frosts, haircuts, requires clean air |
| Pine ordinary | Vaccination or seeds | The needles are dense, curved 4-7 cm., Conic cones for 2-3 pieces | Sand soil, rapid growth, poorly tolerate moisture |
| Tuya Western | Seeds or cuttings, abundant watering | Flat, saturated green, bumps small | Slow growth, but Tuya transfers lack of lighting. Moistlated |
| White fir | Seeds or Vegetative, moderate watering | Stupid needles up to 3 cm. Covers oval green | Poor withstands frost |
| European larch | Seeds or vegetatively, weak watering | Red needles, stupid. Egg-shaped bumps | Dry soil is needed, larch windproof |
| Tis Canadian | Vegetative landing, moderate watering | Short, sharp needles 2 cm. In the length of spherical fruits, the bumps are small invisible | Slowly grows, frost-resistant Poisonous leaves, bark, berries |
How to make a mixborror?
So, having understood with the main differences in decorative trees, we turn directly to their use and possible compositions. To decorate the territory, the coniferous evergreen tree will become an excellent option. First of all, you need to decide what exactly fits into your landscape design: it should be a shrub or a coniferous tree with large needles on the type of pine or larch.
You can get in Russia the gardeners you can see anyone interested in you, the main thing is desire, diligence and beautiful compositions. And so that it is even more original to beat the advantages of needles, you can make a mixture of decorative species. Mixbororder beneficially seats adjacent lawns and stylishly decorate the landscape. Of course, with the help of such plants, smooth contours of the composition will achieve difficult, but constant care and haircut will help bring the picture to ideal.
The simplest scheme for the mixboarder is the principle: higher plants are planted on the back plan, and small ones on the front. If your landscape compositions are in the middle of the lawn, large plants should be placed in the center, and low peripherals.
The initial schemes for the composition can be simulated on the computer or draw the mixtore manually. The final pictures of the mixboarder must first be born in the head. Spruce, thuja, separate types of pine, having a sizo-green tint of needles, will give a nobleness, and sharpening juniper will be useful as evergreen shrubs, Pine Bergman.
An unusual highlight of any scheme can be a Tsuga having original hanging branches. We can not show fantasy and fill the mixtore with bright colors in the form of flowers. Even if the climate of Russia is not so severe for the breed of decorative evergreens - you can choose a southern coniferous tree, which perfectly tolerates high temperatures in the summer.
Important moment: consider the characteristics of the soil and access to them. After all, most often the tight planting of trees will make it difficult for further passage and access to the rest of the compositions of the composition. The selected trees should not be aggressive, too quickly grow and displace flowers, then the mixtore will look organically.
It is necessary to take into account the clarification of all plants and pick up in the mixture in accordance with the soil. Larch prefers dry weather, and the rest is wet. Selection of the neighborhood of the composition - the key to a beautiful landscape. Plants are also necessary to some extent "chaotic", without observing clear arrangements and gaps - so the mixture will look natural. For the first winter you can cover your mixtore with a sweetheart to give trees to adapt to the weather conditions of Russia. It is the mixture that will create a unique and unusual composition on your site, which will be proud of caring and creative owners.
How to trim conifers?
The unorganized form of coniferous looks inappropriate in any landscape. In principle, conifers are not particularly difficult plants and do not require daily supervision and care. But several basic rules you still have to take note. In order to control the growth and size of the plant, they need cutting part of the roots. This procedure is carried out once a year, as well as when preparing for a plant transplant. Some breeds have surface roots, so trimming should be carried out with a special caution by a secateur or garden scissors, the protection of the rest of the root system is also carried out properly. Regarding the crown, it is cut only in those breeds that change their shape with age.
In the wild conditions, in the forest, in botanical parks and gardens it is forbidden to not disturb the composition and natural growth. A more natural form can be saved, occasionally thinning branches. Some trees have trimming the leading branches, in such a way a large crown thickness is achieved and its width decreases. Also, pruning will not be superfluous to maintain the balance of the plant and give it decorative forms and additions. The graft tree will have several tops and, in this case, it is necessary to eliminate the side branches.
Some trees - spruce, fir, thu, cypress when pruning even the color of the needles, it becomes bluish-silver. Pruning itself, if necessary, is carried out every two years without harm to the plant. For such breeds, like juniper or tes, you can perform early trimming, then the tree will keep the desired form in the future. Less painful breed tolerate the trimming of young branches, when removing the old tree, it can hurt for a long time, and soon it will be degenerated at all.
The planned trimming is carried out in early spring, before the kidneys burst, but the bumps do not appear. Thus, the trunk of the tree can recover before autumn. Another important point in trimming is the protection of the kidneys and cones, when there is damage to which the tree will lose its growth. Alive hedges in compositions require frequent circumcision and react to it less painfully. Excellent for such purposes as trimming, the thuja and tees are suitable.
Landing and feeding for coniferous trees
Landing, as well as trimming, in Russia requires compliance with the rules and rules, because some breeds are for quite a long time on the new locality. First of all, it is necessary to find out whether they grow well in neighboring sites and in the forest of your city. Immediately before buying, check the root system of the tree, evaluate its appearance. When landing, select the desired location, given the amount of sun rays.
The most appropriate time for landing is spring or early autumn. The main thing is to ensure sufficient soil moisture. The plot should be cleaned of weeds and dig a pit for 30 cm deeper than the root tree of the tree. On the bottom of the dug fox can be saturated with gravel. The root neck can not be plugged and you need to remember that the Earth will ask. It will not be embarrassed around the planted village with a pine sawdust or mulch, which will help keep moisture in the first year. Protection from cold and snow in the first year is possible with the help of special canopies, it is not required from insects and pests. Note that it is best to take root when they are small.
If you decide to change the composition with cutting of trees, you need to take into account many factors. Coniferous plant, for example, fir need to be thoroughly prepared. Most often it trimming the roots without damage and with the protection of the root neck. After such a procedure, trees can be transplanted a year later. Remember that when transplanting in the first two years, the growth of the tree will be significantly lost.
Regarding feeding and fertilizer for coniferous plants, you can do without them. Almost all breeds are not fruiting, do not drop the leaves for the winter. But if you want to achieve big results in the form of increment, you can provide a tree with feeding.
It is important to understand that these plants are quite whimposed on all sorts of chemical additives and other fertilizers, so "overdo it" and ruin the tree is very simple. It is better to refrain from feeding than to do it illiterately.
Fertilizers with a high percentage of nitrogen are absolutely not suitable for evergreen plants. They give an intense growth of young branches, which ends with the yellowing and subsequent degeneration of the instance. Manure as fertilizer, respectively, is also not suitable for such purposes. As you can see, conifers are not very fond of feeding.
Most often, the breeds make fertilizers twice in the season: early spring and no later than July. Special fertilizers in the form of granules or liquid mortar are most effective. They need to be divorced in exact concentration according to the instructions. You can pour the mixture in specially dug holes near the roots of the tree. Granulated additives also refer to permitted, it is better to mix them together with the soil during disintegration. Similarly, fertilize with a humorier or compost. Reduce the acidity of the soil is best denomite flour, which contains calcium and magnesium digested by roots.