The main characteristics of the temperature regime and humidity in the baths:
Increased humidity and high temperature in the same degree adversely may affect the electrical wiring state and create a fire-hazardous situation.
What you need to know before starting the installation of wiring
Read the rules of the electrical installation device (PUE). On the territory of Russia, the 7th edition of this document is valid.
In these rules, in section 7, you will find clear requirements for installing electrical wiring and electrical appliances in rooms with high humidity and temperatures.
To draw the wiring scheme in the bath and decide where and what equipment will be installed in the bath, where and which lamps will be installed, sockets, switches, which wires and how much they will need them for outdoor and internal wiring. The selection of wire sections depends on the number of electrical equipment and lighting devices.
To explore the issue of grounding a separate building as well as possess information about the local power grid, since our networks have not previously provided grounding in each individual house.
Preliminary preparation
Requirements
All cables are locked only in strictly horizontal or vertical directions.
The corners of the turns of the wires are locked only at right angles (90 degrees).
The horizontal line of wiring can be located no closer than 10-20 cm from the ceiling and should pass in parallel to it.
The distance of wires from the door should be more than 10 cm. The same applies to the switches near the window.
From metal objects, wire batteries must be launched at a distance not closer than 50 cm.
Switches can be located at an altitude of up to 1 meter from the floor surface.
The sockets according to the Eurostandard are located at a distance of 30 cm from the floor level.
From the door of the shower cabin, the sockets and switches can be located no closer than 60 cm.
The wiring of cables from the distribution shield is made by a solid piece of cable.
Wiring can be connected only in the connecting (dispensary) box, which has a high degree of protection against moisture and dust.
The electrical shield is mounted as close as possible to the input of the supply cable.
Forbidden
Put the wires in front of the door passes and in the corners of the walls.
On one switch to connect more than two lamps.
No folds and twisting wires are not allowed.
Wire twists are not allowed - wire connections can only be with the help of spikes, welding, screw or bolted slots and terminals.
Hide and hide distribution (connecting) boxes.
Before starting the installation, draw the basic cables (by level) on the walls with a pencil and mark the equipment, lamps, switches, sockets.
Sketch of the electrical network Save on paper in case you have to do repair work in the future
Features of connecting electrical wiring in baths and saunas
Conducting electrical wiring in places of increased risk of lesion and fire inaccuracies, which are the bath or sauna, requires compliance with special rules.
Mandatory conditions
In terms of electrical wiring:
It is necessary to stretch a separate, independent line of electricity receipts from the main switchboard with a separate protective machine, as well as mount a separate grounding path.
According to PUE requirements, a hidden wiring system should be applied, at the same time an open wire laying is allowed. The open wiring is allowed in the wooden walls of the bath, that is, the wires can be carried on the surface of the walls, and therefore it is better to have them in less noticeable places. In brick walls, the wiring must be hidden, that is, to pass the layer of plaster.
Electrical wires should not touch the wooden walls or wooden finishes. Therefore, the wiring is produced in closed boxes or by refractory surface (highway). To do this, under any electrical equipment, sockets and switches are led by special heat-resistant ceramic linings or ACEID sheets, or asbestos strips (at least 3 mm thick and 10 mm of protrusion per cable on both sides), which serve as excellent insulating material. From heat-resistant material that does not conduct the current is mounted. It is necessary to calculate the distance between the objects in advance to strengthen the insulators at approximately the same distance from each other. On the log walls along the horizontal lines, the insulators are attached along the log at a distance of 35-40 cm from each other. By vertical lines of installation of electrical appliances, insulators are installed two to each log. Insulators are screwed up with screwdriver with a screwdriver at an angle of 45 degrees up and down.
In terms of devices and equipment:
UzO (protective shutdown) in the distribution shield is a prerequisite for use. The task of the UZO is to compare the current passing by phase and zero. And if the difference between these values \u200b\u200bis greater than the limit threshold of the UDO (that is, the current leakage occurs), then the RCO will automatically turn off the phase and zero. For baths uses UDO by 5-10mA.
The sockets in the bath must withstand the load of 10-16 A, be in splash protection, with covers, IP-44 protection class and above. The same concerns switches, connecting boxes and lamps.
Electrical equipment is allowed to use only specially intended for use in rooms with high humidity. All the equipment unintended in the electric heater is better placed outside the sauna.
if it is chosen in the steam room, the PUE insists on the use of temperature limiter, due to which when the temperature reaches the temperature to 140 degrees, the power supply will be disconnected from the voltage.
it can be installed in a washing, in the corner, closer to the door or in the pre-banker. If you are going to install a stove, it is necessary to have it in such a way that the smoke tube in length is as smaller as possible, and it is also necessary to protect the heat-resistant railings, to avoid fire.
for the pair, there must be with a wooden lampshade, heat-resistant, moisture-proof beam and ceramic patron. Metal parts of the lamps must be grounded. Any lamp is suitable for bathrooms. The operating voltage should not be above 24 volts in the luminaires.
must connect to the cable immediately after its outlet of the wall or ceiling in order to maximize the passage of wires along the walls in the steam and washer.
Forbidden
In terms of electrical wiring:
No twists, breaks and connections of wires in the washing and steam room are not allowed.
Cables are not allowed in metal pipes, sleeves or with metal shells, as well as in tin surfaces.
In terms of instruments and equipment
Plug sockets, switches and connecting boxes are not allowed to be installed in room, washers and indoors containing heaters for baths and saunas, they are installed in a pre-tribbon or in a rest room.
Electric heater is also better to place in another room.
Types of electrical wiring - advantages, disadvantages
Installation of wiring in the bath can be carried out by two methods:
open (overhead)
hidden (inner)
Open installation of electrical networks provides wire laying in:
electrotechnical plinths.
steel boxes (cable channels),
gofroerukava
Reference:
The box is a design of a square, triangular or rectangular view, with a flat base, inside of which all the indoor cables are paved. Open type boxes are called trays. Cable channels are made of special non-regulatory materials.
Wiring paces over:
ceilkov
For this purpose used:
insulators
Important!
Inside the pipelines, no connections are not allowed or damaged wires cable channels can be filled with wires no more than 60% in order to eliminate overheating of communications and, accordingly, the risk of short circuit.
Benefits
Installation is cheaper because the walls of the walls are eliminated
Repair work are simplified
disadvantages
Neesthetic appearance
Wiring in cable channels on wooden structures can lead over time to the deformation of plastic boxes.
The corrugation is difficult to lay perfectly evenly and it accumulates dust.
Hidden installation of wiring provides cable laying in closed boxes inside structures of the structure:
in the ceiling
in overlaps
in furrows under the plaster
under removable floor
inside building structures.
In this case, close attention should be paid to the joints of cables, in particular, their isolation. And if the structures of the structure are made of wood, then be sure to put insulating material from below and on top of the wire.
Advantages of hidden wiring:
Fireproof and protected from moisture, as air access and moisture to wires are substantially limited.
Secure in terms of random touch to current-carrying veins
The service life is higher than that of open wiring, since any mechanical damage is excluded.
Aesthetic species
Disadvantages of hidden wiring:
Limited access to wiring, in case of troubleshooting
Labor-intensive installation
Wire types for bath
For air wiring, the most reliable wire is currently a SIP (self-supporting insulated wire), which is joined by one end to the highway, and the other to the design of the entry on the wall of the structure.
reference
The SIP is a phase, zero-twisted, zero and additional wires, does not need a bearing cable and mounted to supports either to the wall of buildings using linear fittings (anchor clamps). Mimic section - 16 sq. M. The wire with such a cross section passes the current to 63 A.
For the bath, according to the requirements of the PUE, the wire section should not be less than 16 square meters, and a larger cross-section for a bath for nothing.
Advantages of SIP
Wires are not searched, which means a short circuit is excluded.
In winter, ice crust is not formed on the wires
it has a special weather-resistant coating, resistant to atmospheric temperature differences. Such a wire is relevant to use on the coast of the sea.
Wires are not subject to recycling, therefore theft is excluded.
Easy installation work due to the availability of special clamps
High mechanical strength, which eliminates lines cliffs
SIP can be laid on the facades of buildings
SIP can be laid in a joint suspension with high-voltage lines and wires, which can give savings on supports.
The term of their operation is more than 25 years
Disadvantages of SIP
In comparison with uninsulated wires, which can be found in private sectors everywhere, the costs of the SIP laying increase by about 20%. The cost of SIP with a cross section of 16 square meters ranges from 20-30 rubles per P.M.
Lack of flexibility, they are difficult to introduce into the automatic protection.
For underground electrical wiring, armored power cable with copper veins of the brand is used - VBBSHV and WBBSHVN.
Advantages of VBBSH
The brand cable VBBSH is very reliable, thanks to the use of steel braid in it
Cable does not threaten an earthen shrinkage
Cable is not terrible rodents
Disadvantages of VBBSH
high cost, which fluctuates in the range of 200 rubles / pm.
For interior premises (but not in the steam room), wires are used - type NYM, VG.
For lighting devices, you can use the VVGNG-LS cable cross section 3x1.5
For wage and electric furnaces, a special cable with the maximum heat-resistant insulation must be used, able to withstand temperatures up to 180 degrees and high consumption power, with copper veins (aluminum wires in the bath can not be carried out).
These include the wires of the brand of PMTK, PPC, RKGM, PGRK or Prax. Before the mounting box, which should be located outside the territory of high temperatures, you will lead one of the proposed heat-resistant wires, and from the box to the shield you can conduct a cable of type VG or NYM.
In a wooden bath, you can lay the brands of Staros Aprn, PRN, ABRN, PTS, double insulation. If in a wooden bath one-phase electrical wiring, then the feed cable must have three veins. You can also use Wires of APV, PV, ADPV and PPV
Benefits
Wires of brands of VG and NYM are calculated for the maximum temperature of up to 70 degrees.
They do not support burning
Resistant to oxidative processes
Important!
For the bath all cables should have:
double isolation, ideal is the isolation "Rubber in rubber"
be copper if intended for inner wiring
protected by waterproof shears
be treive to have the ability to ground the devices and sockets.
Wiring device inside a bath
Laying of wires is carried out at the bottom of the wall frame. Entering the wire in the socket, the switches should be made from below or on the side, making the V-shaped knee (looped) so that the condensate does not penetrate inside.
In the steam room, enter the cable through the wall or ceiling in the place where the lamp will be located. The free ends of the wires must have sufficient length for the free connection of the lamps.
Mounted in steaming and washer metal parts of electrical appliances must be grounded. For this purpose, a three-core cable is used, two wires from which are connected to the phase and zero, and the third wire is ground, connecting it to the reinforcement and leading to the house shield either to the introductory box on the site and connecting it to the neutral.
All sockets must be protected by differential machines, and in high humidity premises, an RCO with a current of operation of 10 mA must be installed.
In the rest room, all the wires, without compounds and any splices, are underway to the shield.
The shield is offered to place either in the rest room or in the tambour. All wires coming from sockets, switches, introductory machines are connected on the shield.
Electrical wiring device Outside
There are two ways to summarize electricity to the bath:
air
underground
Air Mounting Method
The air molding method provides for the gasket of the wire from the switchboard to the structure of the air bath and has certain requirements in height.
Over the roadway, the wire should be located at an altitude of not lower than 6 meters above the ground level.
Over the pedestrian part - not lower than 3.5 meters.
In the structure of the bath, the cable should be at an altitude of not lower than 2.75 meters from the surface of the Earth.
When the air distance from the highway to the house is more than 25 meters, it is necessary to install an additional support.
Entering wiring to house with a SIP.
Before starting installation in a local energy supply, it is recommended to obtain a characteristic of technical conditions and coordinate the procedure for entering wiring to the house in order to have no disagreements with representatives of this organization in the future.
For a single-phase input, the number of CIP vehicles should be two, for the trivial - four.
If you use regular piercing clamps for SIP, then the veins will not need to clean. The required number of clamps is determined depending on the number of wires live. To the outer wall of the bath Sip is attached using an anchor clamp.
On the wall of the house Sip is better to lead in the plastic box or in the corrugation.
SIP is brought to the place of input inside the house. In a separate fillable box, before entering the wall, install a two- or a four-pole automatic, depending on the number of phases. The sip goes to the machine, but from the machine, that is, inside the room, there will be another wire, intended for the inner wiring.
Nominal automaton choose an order of magnitude higher than the machine in the introductory camshaft.
The building is introduced using a metal sleeve. Since the SIP is an aluminum wire, it is impossible inside the premises. Use hermetic connectors to the transition: "Copper aluminum".
A hole in the wall through which the introductory cable will be used to reinforce the steel pipe with grounding.
Entering electrical wiring in the house from the street
In the structure of the bath (if it is separate) from the street the wire can be entered using a steel pipe-rack, which is strengthened on the roof or on the wall. The diameter of such a pipe should be at least 20 mm.
The top end of the pipe should be curved by a semir, for moisture protection.
The lower end of the pipe, which is sealed into the wall of the structure, is attached with an angle of inclination towards the street about 5-10 degrees.
The pipe is stained with bitumen varnish inside and outside and at its bottom part is drilled the hole in order to leave the condensing moisture.
To the wall of the pipe is fastened with clamps, and its upper end is fixed with steel wires, which are attached to the roof through bolts.
Insulators in the form of caps are fastened to pins pins.
The airline wire leads to insulators and fasten the wire. If the air line of the branch is made by an aluminum wire, then fasten the aluminum wire, if the steel wire is fixed and the fastening wire must be steel galvanized.
To the ends of the branches are connected using the input wire clamps that are passed through the rack pipe.
Supporting insulators are used in the installation when making a non-insulated multi-breed aluminum wire.
Underground Mounting Method
You need to lay the WBBSHB cable with 4 copper cores section of 10 square meters.
A trench of 0.7-1 meters in a depth of 0.7-1.
In the dug trench first, the sand is poured with a layer of 10 cm, then the cable is stacked, then again the sand. In order to eliminate the possible mechanical tension of the wire inside the Earth, the cable must be laid with a reserve, namely waving.
In the construction of the bath, the cable is entered through the steel sleeve.
Before entering into the shield, the cable is cleaned, connected to the machine, make grounding and lightning protection.
For cable laying, metal pipelines are not recommended, as they collect condensate.
What power is needed which devices need to be considered
Before talking about power and strength, we will give some introductory definitions and explanations, what is single-phase, three-phase connection, zero and grounding.
Single-phase connection
- the wire in which the current goes is called phase or
- the wire for which the current is returned is called zero or
On one wire, the current goes to the electricity consumer (for example, to the light bulb), and otherwise it is returned back. So the single-phase network works.
Any electrical circuit consists of two wires:
Scheme of single-phase chain
Three-phase connection
The three-phase chain includes three phase wires and one zero.
With a three-phase network, the alternating electric current flows in three wires and returns one by one.
Three-phase chain diagram:
Energy sales organizations provide variable electric current according to three-phase networks - so the current falls into our homes. Sometimes the three-phase network can start right into the house. Most homes are served single-phase network. Find out which network is connected to your home very simple:
when in an incoming cable 2 or 3 wires, then a single-phase network
when in the incoming cable 2 or 5 wires - three-phase.
Ground
In a single-phase network, this is a third wire that does not carry any load, but performs a safety function. The task of this wire is that in the case of a short circuit, excess current on this wire will go to the ground.
Grounding scheme:
Calculate the power of electrical appliances is just necessary in order to evenly distribute their load on phases. It should also be borne in mind that modern electrical appliances are quite high power, which can create too high loads for a single-phase network. Therefore, depending on how much and what power of the electrical appliance you are going to connect on your site, you can make a choice towards connecting a single-phase or three-phase network.
The advantages of the three-phase network:
Ability to use greater power. A single-phase network is designed for the total power of about 10 kW, and three-phase - up to 30 kW and higher. Example: If there is 1 phase from the power line to your house, then with a section of the incoming wire of 16 square meters. The total power of all devices may be no more than 14 kW, and if 3 phases are 42 kW.
Easily connect electrical appliances with three-phase power, for example, electric stoves.
Disadvantages of the three-phase network:
It will take the stabilizer, since with an uneven load on one of the phases, the remaining phases will work incorrectly.
The shield needs to embed special equipment calculated precisely on a three-phase network.
Calculate power
On all electrical appliances (light bulbs, electric hines, etc.) are indicated:
first digit - Voltage (Options: 12, 24, 220, 380 V)
the second digit is the power of an electrical appliance (written kW or to
To calculate the required cross section of the wire, use the proposed example from the table:
An example for a single-phase connection by 220 V:
two-tire wire - phase veins and neutral, or
three-core wire - phase veins, neutral, protective conductor
In our example, there is enough wire with a cross section 1.5 square meters.
If you do not want to go into formulas and reference books, you can calculate the desired wire cross section more simplified:
Taking into account the power supply, for every 2 kW of power corresponds to 1 square meter of the cross section of the wire. However, with an increase in the cross section, this ratio is not accurate.
In our example, the wiring with a cross section will correspond to 3.1 kW. However, when choosing a wire should always make calculations with a margin of about 20-25%. In our example:
- Power with stock: 3120 x 1.25 \u003d 3900 W
- Current power: 3900 W / 220 \u003d 17.73 A
- Wire section: 2.5 square meters.
Protective disable device
Automatic protection
Important!
One wire will go from the main shield to the bath. It will carry the entire load calculated on all electrical appliances. From the bathing panel will be branching wires.
Separate cable will go to electric.
A separate cable will go on a socket and separate on lighting.
Power and, accordingly, the wire cross section is considered separately for each individual wire, which will bear it precisely the load.
For example, the electric furnace has a claimed power of 4000 W, then 4000 W x 1,25 \u003d 5000 W (calculated power for the furnace), 5000/220 \u003d 22.73 A (current)
Consequently, the cross section of the wire for the furnace at least 2.5 sq. Mm. But, as practice shows, electricians will recommend you to take a wire with a cross section of 4 square meters.
Example for three-phase connections (380V):
four-core wire - 3 phases, neutral
pienna wire - 3 phases, neutral, protective conductor
In this case, the current obtained by the calculation of a single-phase version should be divided into 3. and already from the calculation obtained, select the cross section of the wiring.
In our example, the current is 22,73a / 3 \u003d 7.58 A. The cross section of the wire can be chosen less, while the number of lives will be 4 or 5.
Calculation of the strength of the current is necessary for the correct selection of the input machine. The machine is recommended to choose an order of magnitude higher than the calculated current value. In our example, the automatic protection must be not lower than 25 A, and even better 32 A (by calculating the strength of the current of 22,73a). The protection machine should be chosen by the weakest link in the electrocups. For example, in the chain there is a wire for electric, on sockets and lighting. Accordingly, it is necessary to calculate the current consumption for each of these links and select the automatic protection, based on the minimum current consumer. Extending machines in groups are chosen by the same principle.
Choose Uzo.
The Uzo must be nominal higher than the protective automata. The rated current is indicated by the manufacturer directly on the ECD equipment. This is the current value of the current that the RCO can skip the long operation time and above which the RCO will be disabled. Distinguish the RCD with a nominal current - 6, 10, 16, 25,30, 32, 40, 63, 80, 100,125 A.
That is, if in our example, we choose the automatic protection for 25 A, it will be sufficient to install the RCD to 30mA. However, taking into account the high humidity in the bath, it is recommended to install the RCD on 10 mA. With such a low threshold of the Uzo, you are not afraid of a blow to the current with a random breakdown on the body, such as a lamp, while the likelihood of false outages increases.
The most reliable option is to use the PUE directory to select the sections of the wires, automata and the RCD, the directory.
Step-by-step electrical wiring
- enter the cable to the bath (see air or underground method)
- installing a shield in the bath
- cable wiring from a shield (see Open or Enabled Wiring Method)
- connecting lamps (see Requirements for the selection of lamps)
- connect sockets (see Requirements for Outlets)
- connecting the electric furnace (see Requirements for the selection of wires and the placement of the electric furnace)
Install the shield
The switchboard in the bath bears the function of transmission of electricity to consumers:
- rosettes
- switches
- electrical appliances
In the shield mounted: input automatic, groups of exhaust machines and RCD
Requirements for the location of the shield
Free access to the shield
Ventilance, without clutter
The location of the panel is not allowed in place with a high temperature, for example in the steam room. It is best to arrange it in a pre-tribbon or a rest room.
It is desirable that the shield is illuminated by a natural light source.
The ideal placement height is 1.4 - 1.8 m above the floor surface.
Conditions of connection
Phase veins (according to GOST gray) is attached to the upper terminal of the introductory machine.
From the lower terminal of the introductory machine using jumpers, the phase veins is connected to the upper terminals of all existing exhaust machines. There is another way: the phase lived is divorced by exhaust machines using distribution tiles.
Zero lived (blue) goes to zero block.
Protective live (yellow-green) is attached to a protective block or on a welded bolt in the shield itself.
Phase veins of wires departing to the load are connected to the lower contacts of the automata.
The inlet and exhaust wires are stacked in the shield, and they are output from the shield using corrugated or plastic pipes from non-combustible material.
All automata is desirable to sign in order to know which group of consumers is a particular machine.
The shield often stores the wiring scheme of the bath.
The cores must be well fixed in the terminal. Insufficient fixation leads to the heating of the clamps and the burning of the contacts, and then the terminals.
Choose electrical equipment for the bath
The electric furnace is designed to convert electrical energy to heat. Modern electric ovens quickly heat the stones and create the desired heat in the bath. The heating rate of the steam room depends on the power of the furnace. The furnace is selected depending on the size of the room.
The advantages of the electric furnace in front of the furnaces:
Do not occupy a lot of space
Environmentally friendly
Do not take a lot of time on the heating process of the room
You can adjust the desired temperature
Capable to maintain a temperature of several hours.
No need to take care of firewood
By choosing a baker for a bath, pay attention to the main characteristics that are listed in the product passport:
- Power / voltage
- Gabarits.
For what volume of heating of the room is calculated oven
To make the right choice, you should know that modern electric furnaces are:
- Wall mounted
- Outdoor
- Termonic stoves
- Furnaces with steam generator (make it possible to combine Russian and Finnish steam versions in one room)
Electric car can be:
- Harvia.
- clake in combination with a grounding circuit;
- lightning message
Lightning protection can be a rod or cable.
- for incandescent lamps - 10-30 W / sq.m.
- for halogen lamps - 23-27 W / sq.m.
- for daylight lamps - 6-8 W / sq.m.
- Find the total capacity of all electrical and lighting devices, share the voltage in the network you need. So you will receive the calculated current strength. Now, according to the standard tables, choose the approximately desired wire section.
- Next, decide, a two-phase or three-phase network will be held in your home. For three-phase networks, for example, the cross section of the zero wire can be equal to the cross section of the feeding vein.
- Decide how you will lead the cable to the bath: under the ground or by air. Usually the wire is allowed on top: it is cheaper and faster than the cable laying under the ground. For air cables, it is necessary to take into account the limit air temperature outside. If in the conditions of your area it reaches 40 degrees, then you need to increase the estimated section by 25%. Do not forget to pay attention to what temperature can withstand the insulation of the wire so that it does not arise the problem of its ambulance.
- Decide which material will be the component of the cable. Aluminum is cheaper copper, but the properties of this metal determine the cross section, greater in the area than the copper wire.
- cables should be laid only in directions strictly horizontally or vertically;
- turns of wires must be laid at an angle of 90 degrees;
- the horizontal line of wiring is located at a distance of 10-20 cm from the ceiling, parallel to it;
- keep the distance between doors and wires at least 10 cm;
- switches located near the window should also be at a distance of 10 cm, and at a height of 1 m from the floor;
- outlets are located at a height of 30 cm from the floor;
- observe the distance from 50 cm between wires and metal objects, such as batteries;
- cable wiring from the switchboard to make a solid piece of cable;
- the wiring connection is made only in the sawn box, which has a high degree of protection against dust and moisture;
- the electrical shield must be installed as close as possible to the input of the conductive cable.
- installation of wires in the corners and opposite the doorways;
- connecting more than two lighting devices per switch;
- bends and twisting wires, as well as their twisting (connections can be carried out only with spike, welding and using terminals or bolted slits);
- hiding junction boxes.
- Underground transit. With this method, the exit cable is set under the ground and in a bath through the foundation, at a level at least 0.5 m. It is first necessary to provide for these purposes the corresponding holes. They will be inserted with a diameter of two times more than the cross section of the wires. Throughout the path, the electrolery from moisture and unnecessary loads should protect the hard box (if the depth of the occurrence does not exceed 2 m).
- Air "transit". In this case, the line is pulled at an altitude of 2.75 m (in the absence of obstacles, for example, roads). If there is a significant distance between the buildings, then it is necessary to provide intermediate supports so that the cable sagging does not occur. Entering the bath should be made through the wall or roof.
- naked, not covered with protective insulation;
- self-supporting hard wire (SIP) covered with insulating layer.
- in the steam room and the washer make only the wiring of a closed type;
- in no case can you lay the cable near the furnace;
- sockets and switches for steam and washer place in a nearby, less dangerous room (for example, in a rest room).
- In the steam and washing compartment, switches and sockets are not installed. All devices are mounted in the corridor, recreation room, pre-tribades. Such a requirement is justified by the fact that in the steam room and the washing department, high temperature and humidity.
- Luminaires that are used in steam room and washing should not be based on daylight lamps. They may simply explode from the heat and put the room with mercury couples. Since the lamps are attached to a wooden trim, then the maximum allowable power for them is 75 W. And it is better to use 60-watt incandescent bulbs.
- Installation of lighting devices should be carried out in the corners of the steam room or behind the seats. This location is not by chance: hot air enters these places last place, so there is no such temperature as under the ceiling.
- Lamps are sure to protect waterproof and heat-resistant ceiling. Additionally, you can close them with wooden carved screens in order to create a relaxing atmosphere. In the washing department, the lighting should be bright enough, but the lamps necessarily close the waterproof beam. For other rooms, the baths of special requirements for devices are not, except for your preferences.
- In bathrooms, as in the house, be sure to use either machine guns that open the connection during overloads in the network, or the Uzo (protective shutdown device). His features are the same as the machine gun. The maximum strength of the current that most often requires lighting in the bath without the presence of an electric oven, 16 A.
- Power supply to lighting in the bath or sauna is supplied through a differential protection machine.
- In the baths or saunas it is not allowed to put out rosettes, switches and distribution devices of any type.
- Metal items in the bath or sauna are connected to the potential equalization system that goes to the grounding bus.
- All lamps in the bath or sauna detect a double or equivalent electrical insulation.
- According to the joint venture 31-110 in the premises of the bath or sauna, emergency lighting is equipped.
- On any line (emergency and basic) lighting in the bath or sauna, a separate automatic protection is provided.
- Emergency lighting is allowed to replace with manual portable devices operating from batteries or batteries.
- In the bath, the illumination should be 50 LCs (the degree of visual work of the G-2 to SNiP 23-05), in the sauna - 100 (degree B-2).
- decide whether traditional light sources or fiber optic lights will be applied;
- make the appropriate design of lamps;
- with the help of the sketch, think about how the selected lamps for the steam room in the bath will be attached, which is also important for the rest of the premises;
- choose the optimal placement location;
- when making a lampshade on the template, perform a carved element;
- use hardened matte glasses ordered from the supplier on the relevant images (sketches or drawings).
- When placing the front of the shop, either vertical or oblique position of the boards is recommended. With the horizontal position of the boards, the result will be the worst. The distance between the boards of one centimeter is optimal for the perception of such illumination.
- The use of fiber optic cable provides the highest level of electrical safety. It is either significantly reduced, or at all eliminate the supply of voltage to the needs of lighting.
- To obtain filaments of optical fiber, either transparent plastic or glass is used. They are designed for different temperatures, and glass filaments more heat-resistant. This feature of fiber optic cables must be taken into account when designing and selecting the lighting system.
- mandatory grounding;
- protection against splashes on the flask;
- protection against mechanical damage;
- fitness to work in high temperature and humidity conditions.
manual (from the control panel)
remote (with PC, phone, dispatch)
Price range for average room heating of rooms up to 15 square meters. m:
| Manufacturer | The country | Price |
| Harvia. | Finland |
8600 -25200 rub. |
| Helo. | Finland |
6500 - 21,000 rubles. |
| Tylo. | Sweden |
48000 - and above |
| Sawo. | Finland |
3600 - 12800 rub. |
| Finnleo. | Finland |
5000 - 13300 rub. |
|
Inzhkomcentre |
Russia |
5600 - 14600 rub. |
| Polytech | Russia |
9600 - 15,300 rubles. |
| Vesuviy | Russia |
11400 - 16900 rub |
Service and prophylactic inspection of electrical appliances and wiring
All electrical appliances, wires are calculated for a specific service life. The service life of a device is usually specified in the product passport. At the same time, all electrical appliances and wiring should be inspected:
rooms with the usual environment - no less often than 1 time in 2 years
rooms with high humidity and temperature - 1 time per year.
Uzo must be tested 1 time per month by clicking on the "Test" button.
1 time a year check the tightening of contacts connected by screw clamps (in the shield in the sockets where powerful electrical appliances are turned on, in junction boxes.
What to pay attention to
Spring contact plates can be broken in the switches.
Springs are weakened in sockets, as a result, contacts are melted.
In the shields are heated or sprouting contacts.
The protection machines fail - do not work.
Screw clamps connecting wires with time weaken.
What is included in the service:
Filed switches and rosettes repair is not subject to, they are subject to replacement.
Contacts on the shield must be periodically brushed from the soot and tighten it tightly, if necessary.
The contact surfaces of the fuses and circuit breakers should not be dust and oxide.
Cleaning machines with a damaged case or once refused in work, repair is not subject to, but to be replaced.
Electric meters should not have damage to terminals, housing.
The airing line of the wiring is checked for the presence of chips, cracks, burns on the insulators, as well as the state of the compounds.
The work of all electrical appliances is tested.
Cost of materials / work
Air wiring wire
Wire for internal wiring
Distribution boxes
Outmeal
Single-block switches
Two-block switches
Single Outlets
Double sockets
Protective automatic
Electric meter
Two-contact clamps
Clips fourkontacts
Electric furnace
Let's call the estimated prices for standard installation services for electrical wiring:
Strobling of walls under the cable - 400 rubles / pm
Laying cable in a corrugated pipe - 95 rubles / pm
Installation of cable channels - 105 rubles / p.m.
Laying of wires in cable channels - 45 rubles / p.m.
Mounting switchboard - 4000 rubles / pc
In matters to each specific case, it is necessary to approach individually. The grounding organization on a separately taken plot should be agreed with local power grids. This is due to the fact that before the power grid was not calculated on the grounding of grounding in each private house. We will give only general information:
To make a grounding in a separate bath, you need to create a separate circuit (focus) of the protective ground.
Lightning protection includes:
The rod lightning protection is a metal pin installed on the roof of the house, and connected to the ground circuit with a reaches.
Cable lightning protection is a few pins with a tensioned cable.
Security questions
Typical errors
Common questions
How to calculate the illumination of the room?
For approximate calculation of the required power of lamps, you can use the formula P \u003d P * S / N where S is the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in sq.m., n is the number of lamps, P is the average indicator of the specific power on the lighting, is established depending on the purpose of the room. In the baths, this indicator is as follows:
Example:
For the incandescent lamp, the average value of the specific power is taken - 20 W / sq. M, then, with an area of \u200b\u200b15 sq.m. and the number of lamps - 3: 20 * 15/3 \u003d 100 W
Therefore, if you decide to install 3 lamps in an area of \u200b\u200b15 square meters, then each of them should have a power of 100 W - it will be optimal illumination.
How to connect the UZO
Install a two-pole (BA) circuit breaker (1)
Phase and zero contacts We will bring in the counter (2)
Other contacts are output to the load, the direction is seen to the RCD.
Connect the fireproof RCD (3).
Phase conductor divorces on (BA) automatic switches (5,6,12)
Then the conductor is sent to the differential circuit breaker (13)
The following contact compounds are sent to the UZO (7)
Sweese 3 automaton (8,9,10), which are responsible for the operation of sockets (2,3,4)
The conductors (15,16,17) are output (15,17,17) for outlets (5,6,7)
After the fireproof (3) fasten the zero conductor to the zero tire (4)
From the zero tire (4), the conductor is wearing on the UZO (7 and 14) and on the differential automaton (13)
Attention! Zero conductor after DIF.Avtata is directly to the load, and not to zero tire.
From the Uzo (7) zero conductor goes to the bus (11). The zero conductors of sockets will be connected to it (2,3,4)
Similarly connected to UZO (14) to zero outlets (5,6,7)
Attention! Zero lighting conductors do not need to start via UzO and contact tire clips (11.18). They must be taken to the contacts of the clips of the general zero tire (4).
Zero tire is located in the housing (20)
All grounding conductors under the contact bus (19)
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Our whole life consists of various trifles, the original combination of which represents the life in the positive light. This definition acts in any direction. And in the bathroom, one is mutually beneficial with another, and thanks to the correct interaction and this comfort is created, in which I want to plunge again.
It would seem that such lighting in the bath? It is enough to install waterproof plaffones, and everything ... But in reality it is not. If it is uncompressive to approach this issue, subsequently there will be some inconveniences, and God forbid them to do with serious problems.
All premises your lighting!
We will not be strongly delved into the rules of conducting electrical wiring in the bath, talk about the aesthetic side. It is clear that all lighting devices should be from the line of moisture protection. But closer to the point. What light sources are better to install?
To begin with, we repeat what premises are in the modern bath. First of all, it is a steam room, a washing department, a pre-banker, a lounge and a swimming pool, a terrace or attic bathroom. Since many today consider themselves to be tempted by buyers, then the lighting for each room should be their own, the benefit of various examples on the Internet can be found abuse. And that is precisely in this direction, there are certain directives that need to strictly follow.
The heart of any bath. Lighting here should not be causing, and not too 
bright. But the disadvantage is not recommended. The brightness annoys the look, and muffled tones on the contrary load, encouraging a person to sleep. If there is also a lack of lighting in the steam room with incorrect ventilation, then you can forget about the charms and benefits. Running, dorming will immediately fall on you. The light must choose soft, scattered. With such lighting, a comfort and a relaxing atmosphere is created.
Place the lamps are needed behind the back. When they are steaming, they should not shine. Hang them in the corners and on the rear wall. Or now it is very fashionable, make ceiling lighting. In this location, turning when the procedures in any direction, the light will not fall into the eye. For pair small sizes, enough 2-3 small lamps.
Washing department, swimming pool
Here, on the contrary, it is necessary to use lighting at the maximum. The lack of light should not be. More devices with non-lamps or several, with more 
powerful sources. Location Any: wall, ceiling and even built into the floor lighting. The main thing is not to mount them close to the water. Switches must be in the pre-tribades, that is, outside the aggressive environment.
Restroom
Regardless of the design: the bath with a veranda or the usual rest room, the light here should be enough, but in moderation. The full flight of fantasy is allowed. People with a rich imagination can give will to emotions and draw up lighting in any style. Mass options, from conventional ceiling chandelier, to built-in lighting devices.
If there are no financial limitations, you can apply optical fiber backlight. Although this option is applicable to the steam room, but in the rest room, such a design will look original. You can create a starry sky system, with stretch ceilings. It looks very beautiful and either backlight nor the material 
they are afraid of moisture, and she will be present here.
It is originally stated in a break room at a bath, multi-mounted lighting. If you need brightness, please use intimate setting, you can turn off some devices. The use of wall scaves is not prohibited. They create a peculiar atmosphere of rest and comfort.
Utility premises
If such places are provided for the construction of the bath, then there is also light here too. The originality and design here is not required and as an option, in the direction you can position all devices. To illuminate the inner space, a fairly conventional plafo with one incandescent lamp.
What to use lamps?
Unit of instruments, first subject to the steam room. No tricks are not here, ordinary lamps are needed. They coped well with their task and are not afraid of high temperatures. Enough lamps for 40 or 60 W. No LEDs, and praised energy-saving devices here will not work for a long time. According to the passport, they do not withstand temperatures, more than + 60 ° C. More susceptible halogen lamps, but they themselves heated themselves, and the light is directed from them, and it is not necessary in the pair.
There are no special requirements for other premises. The main thing is that the water from the drive or soul does not fall on the lamp and there are enough light and the lamps themselves were protected from moisture. Here you can save. The IP-65 brand LEDs are used in decorative purposes.
And of course, do not forget about safety technician. All work is performed in strict accordance with the regulated standards. And here it is important to show originality and combine a pleasant thing with useful.
Our ancestors visited the bath only during the daytime: with the light of the candle or kerosene lamp they will not be watched. Nowadays, electric lighting for the bath is no longer a problem, and we can take water treatments at any time of the day. The most important thing in this business is observance of safety in the process of adjusting electrical wiring and installation of lighting devices.
Preparation for work
Usually the cable in the bath is not from the pillar, but from the distribution panel, which is in the house. In order to correctly calculate the required amount of wire, you need to make a preliminary markup, on which lighting devices, sockets and switches will be marked.
It is from the number of light sources depends on which the supply cable cross section will be required.
Separate is worth mentioning the use of electric furnaces if they are provided in your bath. Requirements for the supply cable for them are indicated in the manufacturer's instructions.
Summary Table for Cable Section
Preparatory activities
First of all, you should familiarize yourself with the rules of the electrical installation device. This document contains all requirements for the installation and work with electrical appliances in rooms with high temperatures and humidity.
Please note: so that electrical equipment in the bath and steam room is installed correctly, it is best to seek help from a specialist who has permission to work.
The main wiring requirements in such premises are as follows:
Mount the electrical panel next to the conductive cable input
It is not allowed:
Before starting installation work, apply a pencil on the wall with the level of the basic cable passing routes. Denote the points on which the equipment, lighting, outlets and switches will be located. Transfer this scheme to paper and save it. It can use you with time when repair work will be required.
Installation of conductive cable to the room
We have already talked about the fact that electricity in the bath should pull from the panel in a residential building, and not from the central highway. This can be done in two ways.
On the one hand, the underground cable gasket is reliable. But it is stiguous and more expensive than air highway, so users more often stop their choice on the latter, although it is quite vulnerable.
More about the airway
The air gasket is dangerous in that it is threatened by constant tests for the strength of electrolyney: precipitation, wind, weather changes, solar lights adversely affect the cable, so it should be well protected from any climatic whims. For the wiring of the line from the house to the bath bath, two types of electric pipes are used:
The second option is more suitable, because the cable holds the "form" well and does not require a frame for installation. The insulation is a dense layer of polyethylene, which perfectly withstands the blow of any element, and lived from aluminum. The minimum cross-section is 16 mm. KV, which may be greater than your real needs. Due to the fact that the cable is harsh, in no case cannot be conducted within the house. Usually, before entering it, it is changed to a more elastic version with a Copper residential type of VG, with insulation resistant.
Separately, it is worth considering the organization of the input point to the bath. It is better to stop your choice on the wall. For the introductory hole in the roof it will be very difficult to ensure waterproofing, besides, there is a possibility of moisture from entering the contact. But what if the minimum height for the entrance (2.75 m) is not suitable for your bath? Here you can use the steel curved tube that raises the cable to the necessary height and enters it at the desired point, which is below the allowable mark.
Please note: Holes in the input wall do under the tilt, it will help protect the cable from moisture with a braid rain. On both sides of the wall in the pipe insert insulating porcelain tubes: from the outside - a funnel, with the inner - sleeve.
Installation of internal wiring
The bath is an object with high fire hazard, so all the elements of the chain: sockets, switches and lighting devices should have high protection against dust and moisture.
In the premises settled under the pair and washing, should be especially careful. Ideally, the wiring is not at all along (inside) walls, but pull the wire to the desired point through the room from the adjacent room.
Mounting wiring diagram in a bath with several rooms
Unfortunately, such an effect is not always possible to achieve, so pay attention to the important points to arrange the wiring in such zones:
Do not place sockets and switches directly in the oil
When developing a wiring scheme, certain rules should be taken into account.
Selection of lighting devices
Artificial light sources for baths and Parims are divided into three types:
Incandescent lamps. We are familiar to us, the so-called "Ilyich light bulbs" using a lot of electricity and have a small work resource. If the general rules for mounting lamps are applicable for the pre-banker and recreation room, then in the paired, such a lamp should be protected only with a glass flange with a metal case.
LED bulbs. They have a natural and bright light, and their service life 20 times longer incandescent lamps. However, the resource margin is rapidly decreasing under the influence of high temperature and humidity in the steam room, and the luminaires of this type can be very difficult to change.
Fiber optic system. This option is ideal for the bath: optical fibers are durable and practically immune to the hard climate of the steam room. With the help of a fiber optic system, you can beautifully arrange a backlight (create a figure, a starry sky effect, etc.) and at any time to equip the room with additional "lights".
Try to ensure calm, uniform lighting in the bath.
Lighting in the steam room is better to do muffled. Place the lamps in the corners or the ceiling line: Thus, the light will be dispersed with decorative wooden lamps. Popular option - highlighting seats; It gives the room "inner radiance" and special attractiveness.
Video: Ban lighting options
As you can see, make the right light in your bath, though it is difficult, but quite real. Surely you will need a professional electrician services, but our advice will help you understand the intricacies of this process and significantly save on the purchase of material, and including to protect yourself from mistakes and unscrupulous solutions of hired workers. Good luck to you!
The standards specifically stipulate that in the bathrooms it is possible to put lamps specifically designed for such places. From the specifics of using the bath volume or sauna, the authors would equate to zones 0 and 1 according to GOST 50571.11. When you are soared, splashes fly, the circle of water, dampness. Consequently, lighting in the sauna should be protected from moisture. In practice, traditional baths are illuminated from 220 V. lamps are located at an altitude of more than 2.25 meters from the floor, which removes the restrictions. Talk today how to make lighting in the bath or sauna.
Lighting Rules in Bath or Sauna
A number of recommendations are given from standards that are not related to lighting in the bath or a sauna directly, but capable of useful. Other vital. Suppose, in the requirements for fire safety, a lot is referred to emergency lighting. We assume that for the bath or sauna it will not be superfluous.
There are no direct guidelines. But according to observations of life, the requirements of GOST 50571.11 are used in baths and saunas. It is allowed to install lighting specifically designed for wet places. Above the lines 2.25 meters from the floor there are no restrictions.
Disintegration boxes are prohibited. The wiring in the bath or the sauna does not demonstrate the curtain screens, it is impossible to use metal sleeves, corrugations. It is allowed to put switches in the rooms where solely washbasins are located. Not closer to 60 cm from the root of the sink.
Cables are torn with a network of 220 V. According to PUE (section 6.1) Power supply of branches (main and reserve) lighting in the bath or sauna is arranged independent, eliminating the possibility of simultaneous failure. It is allowed in the absence of the second phase in the presence of the use of an individual transformer for emergency lighting in the bath or sauna. As a rule, the integration of the spare branch is automatically produced when the power is disappeared on the main one.
In the subject, we are talking about high humidity, a differential-type Uzo applies with a threshold of not more than 30 mA. This ensures the execution of fire safety requirements to the baths or saunas. Let us explain: in place of leakage there is increased heating. A long hour can work the RCD on the lighting in the bath or sauna when the load is exceeded above the face value by 45%. During this time, an unexpected development of events is possible. Differential automatic cuts out the lighting of a bath or sauna immediately.
Note, a transformer is not embedded between the UzO and the lamps. Otherwise, the conditions for protecting the lighting of the bath or sauna will be violated. Initially, a transformer is set, a differential automatic with lamps is already included in its chain. Switching the lighting of the bath or sauna is carried out in the distribution panel (according to Pue 6 is not put in the room under the bath, for example, basement). It will be necessary to buy modules under a DIN rail and mount the desired way.
For example, lanterns. We are confident, it is easy to find on sale a similar kind of device with a degree of protection of the housing from IP55 and above (the requirements of protection against wetting).
Suppose the perimeter of the room of the bathhouse is 2x2, the height of the ceilings is similar. Consequently, we find the necessary light stream: 50 x 5 x 4 \u003d 1 klm. These are two 50 W reduction light bulbs. It is necessary to consider that the water pairs make adjustments. In this regard, the reserve coefficient is 1.7.
For accurate formulas, we recommend to study the SNIP II-4-79 allowance for the calculation and design of natural, artificial and joint lighting. We skip this part on a simple foundation that for personal saunas and the Bath of the SNIP 23-05 states are a recommendatory. Part of the light turns from the walls that the authors did not take into account. Focus on your own needs: First like it, the second is the second more cozy in the sun.
Bathroom equipment or sauna with lighting devices
Depending on the location of the bath, the list of works of unequal. Allocate general provisions.
Gas discharge lamps
Try to do without gas discharge lamps. The high voltage obtained at the starter is potentially dangerous in high humidity. Provisions are voiced prohibiting the use of stresses above 380 V, but forgotten about the methods of increasing it with chokes. This fully applies to halogen light bulbs on the E27 cartridge. In the base they have an electrical circuit with multiplication or on a transformer.
LED bulbs
A safe choice will be LED light bulbs. Devices do not heat when working, so the requirements for fire safety are falling. It is enough to connect the system through a differential protection machine to avoid trouble. LED light bulbs belong to the class III of the electrical safety, if they feed on voltage 12 V, whatever, it is constant or variable. And it removes considerable limitations, including the height of the ceilings. Plus in the Great KPD.
If the heat light bulb is powered from 12 V, it will take 20 times a larger current in order to obtain similar illumination. Wiring can simply not withstand the tests. In the case of LED lamps, the voltage 12 in the current is growing only twice in comparison with the slightly 220 V. This allows you to create relatively safe systems with simple ways. The minimum cross-section of copper conductors is 0.75 square millimeters, quite enough to maintain the desired level of illumination.
Posting location
From the above, it is clear that the wiring should be positioned in the thickness of the walls or protect with non-metallic sleeves (if the voltage is placed in the requirements of the BSNH). Switches and sockets are located in the pre-trip, not closer to 60 cm from the door to wet rooms. Moreover, devices are protected through an individual separation transformer or a differential defense device.
Above talked about the sharing of these devices. The essence of the first technique is that the secondary winding at any point is isolated from the ground. Then kills exclusively touching immediately to both the ends, which is hardly possible. In disruption, the insulation and the test sense of the separation transformer is lost. As a result, the unique differential protection device saves. The authors rebuilt.
Cable gasket under earth
When laying a cable under the ground, follow the requirements of Section 2 from PUE 6 (in the seventh edition is missing in the text). In particular, the cable must be put on the depth of at least 70 cm planning labels, not counting the drainage intake from the sand. The specified clan of the cable does not need a signal tape, but in the absence of armor will have to provide for protection from the brick (laid out along the track across the route above the cable) or special ceramic tiles. The trench is paired not closer than 0.6 meters to the foundation of any building (excluding the scene).
Distribution shield
At the inlet in the bathhouse it is logical to arrange a small provision. Here divorces basic and emergency lighting. It is better to feed the bathhouse with a single face value, it will be possible to avoid the masses of difficulties with the cable laying (it is required to be carried out separately for a specific voltage).
Spray wall
When you pave the wiring, pay attention to the material of the walls. On the combat basis, the use of protective gaskets or metal corrugations is required (inside the metal is prohibited, as mentioned above). It is easier to immediately start a bundle on the attic, where to start distributing on the lamps. The latter are put on the ceiling and walls inside the bathhouse (according to the location of the zones specified in GOST 50571.11).
The second option is problematic, it will have to protect the wiring as possible. It is easier to put lamps at the overlap. If LED lamps are used, difficulties with fire are excluded. Before commissioning, measure the line resistance from the camshaft to the cartridge. There are units (better than a share) Ohm. You can calculate the current on the basis of the consumption of the light bulbs (written on the box), and the copper section is determined according to PUE 6 tables (minimum of 0.75 via copper).
Method of laying cable BSNN
The BSNN cable is allowed to lay in an open way. In this case, it is logical to use ceramic insulators (rollers). On a wooden wall, a cable with non-heat insulation or lining is laid. It is permissible to try to apply a limestone plaster. But it is better to do without delights. GOST 50571.11 allows for the ceiling to place cord switches. In the bath We do not recommend: the equipment quickly rusts and will come into disrepair.
Mounting work
Perform the installation of lighting devices after the completion of construction. In the case of wooden walls, it makes no sense to try to climb the wiring inside, but protect from rats. In this case, a bora is used. It is known that the component is included in the composition of eco-guns to protect against rodents. Bura causes the mice choking. If you correctly make lighting in the sauna, no one is touched.
Due to the specifics of the premises, the waterproofing of a cut is sometimes required. Use the chandelier in the area of \u200b\u200bthe appropriate soil suitable for use in the described conditions. The lighting of the sauna is obliged to give less heat. Often, the materials applied during construction, already at 70 degrees Celsius allocate harmful compounds. It is clear that you need to pick up with the mind, but without polymers it is difficult - there are no alternatives. If only the walls of the cut to enlarge to preserve heat.
We will add that for a pacification it is worth choosing warm tones (the glow temperature is below 3000 K), for alignment with a sports load (which love to do in Russia) fits the daylight, patting the nervous system. The windows are performed as narrow, although, in case the door jamming, leaves the ability to get outward, or organize a plane. This is obvious because of the possibility of caustic. If locked from the inside, close to the tragedy. And so the rescuers just enter the other way.
Lighting in the bath is arranged from two independent branches. Non-hard chopper put in the shield so that it makes it in mane. These are typical security considerations, but they seem to be reinsured separate people. Skeptics are recommended to study the story of the "Chrome Horse".
The main feature of the saunas and bath is the heat. To obtain a temperature optimal for bath procedures, and it can be in the range of 65-120 degrees Celsius, and at the same time not to incur large costs for heating, it will take efficient heat insulation. The windows are one of the main facilities of the room through which many heat leaves. Therefore, they cannot be light sources in a steam room and sauna. To get efficient room lighting for bath procedures, it is better to apply special lamps for a bath, a steam room or sauna.
Lighting design
For the most favorable effects of procedures for the human body, the lighting of the bath should create a relaxing environment. At the same time, the lighting in the steam is made optimal in brightness and chroma. The lamp for the wage must emit such a light so that all items are well distinguishable. This will help not burn a stove or not to stumble about the water bucket. Therefore, to obtain an effective result, sketching interior design is performed with the placement of light sources.
It helps to choose the right lamp for a bath, design the optimal lamp in the bath, will give a pretty idea of \u200b\u200bhow the backlight will look in the bath. The design stage is recommended to go through everything: both professionals and owners of private houses and cottages capable of making lighting in the bath with their own hands. If you plan to independently install heat-resistant lamps in the steam room, it is recommended:
Special design solutions
Before making lighting in the bath, it is recommended to read the Internet with the projects already executed. The lamps that shed light in the steam room or to the steam room are in the literal sense of the word deserve attention. This is a simple and efficient lighting solution. It does not require making lamps. Sources of light are located on the wall under the bench. Their position must be linked to the design and design of the front of the bench. It should have enough space to pass light.
The room of the steam room and the sauna can be illuminated with a variety of lamps. Their placement when using light from a bench can be redundant. Therefore, the design must be made, taking into account the selection of the brightness of light sources after manufacture. The design of the lamps should provide for the possibility of installing lamps of various power and sizes. At the same time, the design perception should not be changed for the worse.
Questions of economy
With the rise in prices for energy saunas and baths, they become very expensive pleasure. And not so much because of the expenditures on the construction, as due to the cost of operation. The amount of power consumed has to be reduced in all consumers. Including in light sources. The use of optical fiber allows the use of LED lighting in the bath.
If you position the LED lamps for the bath directly in the steam room, the sauna, and in other rooms, besides the hallway, it is likely to lead to their overheating and breakage.
Conventional semiconductors cannot be used in conditions of sauna temperature and baths without forced cooling. But then the cold air will come to the room and lower the temperature in it, which is unacceptable for the sauna and steam room. Fiber optic cable, which has a minimal attenuation into light, makes it possible to dissemble the light source in space and its radiation. LED lamps or separate LEDs are mounted outside the room and, if necessary, supplied with fans for blowing and cooling.
Device lamp with fiber optic cable Flexible fiber-optic cable of a small diameter is convenient for placing a light source. Its perhaps the only disadvantage is the high direction of the light flux. This feature should be taken into account at the design stage in order to apply constructive solutions for efficient lighting dispersion. Optical fiber cable can be held in a bath in a literal sense. Moreover, it can be like lighting in a sauna, a steam room or a different room and the backlight of the sauna to obtain an original interior.
To obtain the original interior design and for general illumination can be used LED tape for the bath. In some baths and saunas, the heat-resistant and corresponding to a certain class IP tape with LEDs can be used for the purpose of lighting and illumination. But the possibility of such an application must be specified in its technical documentation.
To weaken the effect of high temperature, which in some saunas can reach 120 degrees Celsius, for the LEDs can be applied forced water cooling. For this, the tape is placed in a transparent tube of plastic or glass. Inside the tube creates a current of water.
At the layout design, it is necessary to determine how to solve this technical task correctly. Water in the tube can be served directly from the water pipeline. But then there will be a significant consumption of cooling water. More economical, but also a more expensive technical solution may be the circulation of a certain amount of water through the tube.
This requires an expansion capacity and circulation pump. It will also be necessary to solve the task with the accumulation of heat in water, the temperature of which will increase as lighting work. LED tape, evenly illuminating the entire pair or sauna space, creates a pleasant scattered light. With such a light, it is nice to steam and take any bath procedures. To control the light of ribbons under high humidity, it is necessary to use devices with the appropriate IP protection class.
But LED fiber optic lighting is the most expensive type of lighting for saunas and baths. If there is not enough funds for the budget of such a project, you can apply the incandescent lamps of 36 volts or automotive halogen lamps by 12 volts. A higher voltage for lighting saunas and bath is not allowed Pue. Bath lamps with such lamps must comply with certain requirements:
Luminescent lamps in buildings Ban and saunas are used only in those rooms where humidity does not exceed the values \u200b\u200ballowed for the use of 220 volts electrical equipment. Lamps in rooms in which the reception of bath procedures takes place, including the lighting in the steam room, are not made with these lamps. Wiring for paired lighting and saunas is performed by heat-resistant wire. The use of the RCD is required.