On the picturesque bank of the Yauza, the Sviblovo estate with the Church of the Holy Trinity has survived to this day.
For centuries this place was owned by the servants of the great dukes of Moscow and Russian tsars.
The history of the Sviblovo region goes back to the distant XIV century. Researchers suggest that the name of the region comes from the name of the first governor, Prince Dmitry Donskoy, boyar Fyodor Andreevich Svibla, who founded a settlement here and built a wooden church, but during the Time of Troubles Sviblovo lost it.
By 1620 Sviblov was owned by the steward Lev Afanasyevich Pleshcheev. It was a generous reward for participation in the defense of the capital against the Polish-Lithuanian troops, bestowed by Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, the first of the Romanovs recently elected to the Russian throne.
In 1677, Pleshcheev transferred his village to his son Andrei, who was actively engaged in agriculture, rebuilt the wooden Trinity Church and attached the side-chapel of St. Alexy, Metropolitan of Moscow.
Of the Pleshcheev family, the last owner of the family estate was a young girl Marya, who lived in the house of her uncle Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin. After the death of the girl, the ownership of Sviblovo passes to him. Moscow Governor Kirill Naryshkin built stone chambers, a malt factory, a cookery, and human chambers on his estate of good-quality bricks. In 1708, the currently existing stone building of the Temple was built, and a year later he erects a bell tower near it. The captured Swedes were involved in this work. One of the bells of the Trinity Church, which rang throughout the district, was a trophy Swedish one brought from the Northern War. The ensemble of the Sviblovskaya Church is one of the most interesting architectural monuments of the Moscow Naryshkin Baroque.
With the death of Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin, Sviblovo is returned to the Pleshcheev family.
In 1745, for a relatively short time, it was transferred to the possession of the Golitsin family.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the great Russian writer and historiographer Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin lived in the estate. Here, in the once such picturesque places on the banks of the Yauza, near Karamzin, perhaps, the idea of writing a monumental work on the history of the Russian state arises. The childhood of the great Russian composer A.N. Scriabin was also associated with Sviblov.
In the 20s of the XIX century Sviblovo was bought by the merchant I.P. Kozhevnikov. At this time, guests often came to the estate for concert evenings to listen to the invited artists. Kozhevnikov builds a manor house and an exemplary cloth factory using imported equipment. Launched in 1821, it was the first large industrial enterprise in our area and was an extraordinary novelty at that time. Exemplary production received such a resounding fame that it attracted the attention of the reigning persons - Empress Maria Feodorovna and Emperor Alexander I.
After the October 1917 coup, the temple was closed, beheaded and suffered significant destruction, the territory of the estate turned into a dump of construction waste in the north-east of Moscow.
In 1938, the temple was used as a utility room.
The new era made it possible to begin the restoration of the dilapidated building of the Temple. In 1994, His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Russia made a decision to create the Sviblovsky Patriarchal Compound, of which Archpriest Sergius was appointed rector.
At the very beginning of the 18th century, Sviblovo went to a relative of Peter I from the mother's side, Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin. Under him, in 1708, a one-domed church of brick and white stone was built. A year later, a bell tower appeared, which received one of Peter's trophies - the Swedish bell. Stone chambers and a malt factory were also built. After the Battle of Poltava, Naryshkin took his people to other estates, and settled captured Swedes in Sviblov, "all kinds of artisans." After some time, as a result of the trial, the estate was again transferred to Pleshcheev. At various times the owners of the Sviblovo estate were also the Golitsyns, Kazeevs, Kozhevnikovs. From the 70s of the 19th century until the October events of 1917, the estate belonged to the mining engineer Georgy Bakhtiyarovich Khalatov.
During the Soviet era, the manors and the temple slowly fell into decay. Currently, the estate is being restored in the form of the Patriarchal Compound of the Russian Orthodox Church, and services are being held in the church.
Trinity Church in Sviblovo (Lazoreviy proezd, house number 15).
In 1677, in the village of Sviblovo (known since the XIV century as the patrimony of the boyar and governor Fyodor Andreevich Sviblo), a wooden church was built in honor of the feast of the Life-Giving Trinity with the side-chapel of St. Alexy, Metropolitan of Moscow. The stone church of the Holy Trinity with the side-chapel of the Great Martyr George the Victorious appeared at the beginning of the 18th century. In it, the forms of the Naryshkin Baroque were combined with the techniques of the new order architecture of the Petrine era, nicknamed "Dutch architectural taste." The temple is tiered, cruciform in plan, one-domed. The decorative details of the window frames and porticos of the lower tier were made in the tradition of the 17th century, as well as the St. George side-chapel attached in a separate volume. The middle tier in its appearance contrasts sharply with the lower one; there is nothing of the architectural elements of the 17th century here. A prominent role in the decoration is played by a parapet with curly balusters, crowning the volume of the main quadrangle. The three-part arched window of a quadrangle is similar in shape to Western European samples. The upper tier - an octagon and a similar drum - again remind of the Moscow tradition.
At the turn of the 18th-19th centuries, a house with outbuildings was erected in the estate, which have partially survived to our time. At the same time, a new two-tier bell tower was attached to the Trinity Church, the lower tier of which is the entrance to the temple, and the upper tier is an open ringing. With the decline of the estate in the second half of the 19th century, the church also fell into desolation; services are rarely held there. In 1905, the decoration of the church building was reconstructed.
In 1938 the temple was closed, beheaded, and the interior was destroyed. The building was occupied by production workshops. Services resumed in April 1995. Currently, the temple has been restored and has the status of a Patriarchal courtyard. Its shrines are especially revered icons of the Mother of God "Iverskaya" and "Merciful".
Mikhail Vostryshev "Orthodox Moscow. All churches and chapels". http://iknigi.net/avtor-mihail-vostryshev/
Church in the name of St. Trinity, which existed in the XVI century. in the village of Sviblovo, it was probably destroyed at the beginning of the XVII century. in the Lithuanian troubled time. In the scribes of 1623-24. it is written: “behind the steward Andrei Pleshcheev in the estate that his father Lev Pleshcheev gave him, and his father Lev that estate was given for the Moscow siege seat of the royal parish, the village of Sviblovo, on the Yauza River, and in it there was a temple in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity, yes church land has four places: priest, dyachkovo, ponomarevo, and prosvirnitsino; Church arable land 20 quarters in the field, hay on the Yauza River 10 kopecks; in the village there is a courtyard of patrimonials, business people live, 2 courtyards of human backyards; and plowing the church land is the steward Andrey Pleshcheev. "
In 1658, the village was owned by his brother Mikhail Lvovich Pleshcheev, under whom a new wooden church in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity with the side-altar of St. Alexei Metropolitan and imposed a tribute. The census books of 1678 read: “behind the steward Mikhail Lvovich Pleshcheyev in the patrimony of the village of Sviblovo, on the Yauza River, and in the village the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, and the chapel of Alexei Metropolitan, near the church in the courtyard of priest Yakov, in the courtyard of the deacon Vorfolomeyko, and in the village the patrimonial yard and the cattle yard, there are 9 families of business people, 4 courtyards of grooms and 4 courtyards of chefs, 11 people in them ”. In 1680 there was no priest at the church.
After M. L. Pleshcheev, the village of Sviblovo went to his nephews Semyon and Fyodor Fyodorovich Pleshcheev; in 1702 it belonged to the daughter of Semyon Fedorovich Pleshcheev, the girl Marya, and from her it passed to her uncle Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin, for whom it was approved in 1704 by a rejected book: that to him, Kirill Alekseevich, in 1704, according to the personal decree of the great sovereign and according to the oral will of her maiden Maryin, on the interrogation of the father of her spiritual Cathedral of the Annunciation, that in Verkh on Seny, the clerk Ivan Afanasyev, was given in the Moscow district, in Manatino, Bykov And Korovin I will become the village of Sviblovo, on the Yauza River, and in it there is a church in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity, and a chapel in the name of Metropolitan Aleksei is made of wood, cells, and in the same village of Sviblovo, a courtyard of patrimonials with every courtyard and mansion structure and a garden, and every plant , and in the courtyard of courtyards and business people 6 people, 4 courtyards and 3 courtyards of courtyards, there are 14 people in them. "
In the village of Sviblovo in 1708, a stone church of St. Trinity and on the day of the consecration of the same year on December 24, "according to a blessed letter, an antimension was issued to the newly built church of the Life-Giving Trinity, and the antimension was taken by priest Yakov Ioannov." Under 1709 it says: “in the village of Sviblovo, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity with the side-altar of St. vmch. George the stone, near the church in the courtyard priest Philip Leontyev serves an annual service, the courtyard of the patrimonials (Kirill Naryshkin), and according to the fairy tale of the elder Fedot Timofeev, from the boyar courtyard and from the courtyards of the courtyard, people were all taken to different estates and in those courtyards all Swedes live people".
In 1721, by decision of the Justitz Collegium, as a result of the petition of Ivan Dmitrievich Pleshcheev, the village of Sviblovo, which was in the possession of Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin, was returned to the Pleshcheev family, and in the same year it was approved by him, Ivan Pleshcheev, by a refusal book: to the steward Ivan Dmitrievich Pleshcheev, his close relative, the girl Marya Semyonovna Pleshcheyeva in the Moscow district, the village of Sviblovo, and in that village there is a church of God in the name of St. Trinity, and the side-altar of the great martyr George, a stone and a stone bell tower with bells, chambers and cellars, and a cook, and human chambers, and a stone malt factory, light rooms and a stable yard, human chambers and wooden grain barns; a mill on the Yauza river about four posts, a miller's yard, and two foreigners live in it, and in the same village there are 4 ponds with fish. "
After the death of I. D. Pleshcheev, this village passed in 1728 to his son Semyon with his mother, the widow Anna Dorofeyevna Pleshcheyeva, who married Prince Pyotr Yakovlevich Golitsyn with this estate. The Trinity Church in the village of Sviblovo was written under the Seletsky tithe for 1678-89 according to the books of the Patriarchal government order. "In the estate of the steward Mikhail Pleshcheev", and in 1690-1740. "In the estate of the stewards Semyon and Fyodor Fedorovich Pleshcheyev", with the designation of tribute from 1712 39 altyn 2 money.
Kholmogorov V. I., Kholmogorov G. I. "Historical materials about churches and villages of the XVI - XVIII centuries." Issue 4, Seletskaya tithe of the Moscow district. Published by the Imperial Society of Russian History and Antiquities at Moscow University. Moscow, at the University Printing House (M. Katkov), on Strastnoy Boulevard, 1885
The name of this estate has something in common with the name of one of the towers of the Moscow Kremlin - Sviblova, also known as Vodovzvodnaya. This connection is no coincidence: the boyar Fyodor Andreevich Sviblo, who occupied a high position in the 14th century under Prince Dmitry Donskoy, owned not only the chambers in the Kremlin near the tower that received his name, but also a picturesque village on the banks of the Yauza. Most likely, under him, the first wooden church in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity appeared here.
Soon after the death of Prince Dmitry Donskoy, the Sviblovs fell into disgrace and their possessions went to the treasury. Only in the 1620s the village again became private property, passing into the hands of the steward Lev Pleshcheev. His son, Andrei Lvovich, in 1622-1623 built a new wooden church of the Trinity to replace the one that burned down in the Time of Troubles. The next restructuring belongs to 1677, it was carried out by Pleshcheev's second son, Mikhail Lvovich. In 1704, after the death of a minor orphan Marya Pleshcheyeva, the village passed to her teacher, Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin. Under him, the property not only received new residents in the form of captured Swedes brought from the Northern War, but also significantly changed its appearance: new stone chambers, a cookery, a human outhouse, a malt factory appeared, and in 1708 a stone church of the Life-Giving Trinity was built.
The architecture of the church is heterogeneous, as if it were “on the border”. In the lower tier, one can still feel the influence of the "Naryshkin Baroque" with its "torn pediments" on the window frames and triple beams of columns at the corners. At the same time, the middle and upper tiers are already built in the style of "Peter's Baroque", which is closer to European motives. The general elongation of the church vertically, the structure of an "octagon on a quadruple", a certain "geometricity" of the middle and upper tiers, triple arched windows - all this is more characteristic of the new direction in church architecture. In Moscow, the Menshikov Tower near Chistye Prudy can serve as an analogue. In 1709, the chapel of St. George was added from the north. Initially, the bell tower existed separately, but at the end of the 18th century it fell into disrepair and was dismantled, after which the existing bell tower, designed in the classical style, was attached to the temple from the west.
In 1721 the estate returned to the Pleshcheev family, then it passed into the hands of the Golitsyns, Vysotsky, Kazeyevs, Kozhevnikovs, Khalatovs. At the beginning of the 19th century, the famous Russian historian and writer N.M. Karamzin, his wife died here. The next owner, the merchant Kozhevnikov, built a cloth factory in the neighborhood. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Sviblovo was actively inhabited by summer residents, many of whom attended the Trinity Church and took care of its condition. So, in 1905, it was re-painted at the expense of the summer resident Agrippina Kuzmina.
After the revolution, the estate was occupied by the local revolutionary committee, and then transferred to housing for railway workers, which remained here until the 1970s. The Trinity Church was open until 1938, after which it was owned by various offices. At the same time, the historical interiors were completely destroyed, the heads of the church and bell towers were cut down, and the refectory was built on. At the same time, the building was put under protection in the 1970s as an architectural monument, but with a mistake: in the documents it was listed as the "Church of the Assumption". In the 1980s, a full-scale restoration of the entire estate began, during which work was carried out on the main baroque house and church, as well as outbuildings and services. In 1995, the first divine service was held in the Trinity Church, and soon the whole place received the status of a patriarchal courtyard of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Temple history
On the picturesque bank of the Yauza River, among the quarters of new buildings, the Sviblovo estate with the Church of the Holy Trinity has miraculously survived to this day. For centuries this place was owned by the servants of the great dukes of Moscow and Russian tsars. From Fyodor Svibla, who was in the XIV century. voivode kn. Dimitir Donskoy (his name connects the name of the estate and the name of one of the towers of the Moscow Kremlin) to the steward Lev Pleshcheev, who in 1620 received this estate from Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov as a reward for the "Moscow siege sitting". The new owners built on the banks of the river the buildings of the estate and in 1677 the Trinity Church with the side-altar of St. Alexy, Metropolitan of Moscow, with whom the Pleshcheevs were proud of their kinship. In 1708, the present stone building of the temple was built. It appeared in that short but brilliant period in the history of the estate, when a prominent statesman, Moscow Governor Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin, a relative of Tsar Peter I by his mother Natalya Kirilovna Naryshkina, became its owner. The church was inscribed in the regular plan of the estate and became the personification of the customer's loyalty to the court "Naryshkin" style, fancifully combining traditional Orthodox symbolism with bold architectural and decorative techniques. The complex of buildings included; into itself a church, a manor house, two wings, a human house and a greenhouse. This reflects the great and controversial era of Peter's transformations, the era of the synthesis of Western European and Old Russian principles, the creative dialogue of the old and the new.
Many eminent guests have visited it at different times. In the years 1801-1803, the great Russian writer and historiographer Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin lived in the estate, who was associated with the Pleshcheev family and friendship. Perhaps it was then that he conceived the "History of the Russian State". In the 19th century, Sviblovo was famous for its folk holidays and the well-equipped cloth factory of the merchant Kozhevnikov, which was visited with interest by Emperor Alexander I, Empress Maria Feodorovna.
Until the beginning of the 20th century, a divine service was held in this small estate near Moscow church. In 1938 the church was closed and practically until 1990 it was used as a utility room. The new era made it possible for the believers to start restoring the dilapidated building of the temple. In 1994, His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Russia made a decision to establish the Sviblovsky Patriarchal Compound, of which Archpriest Sergius (Kiselev) was appointed rector, currently serving as the Deanery of the Trinity Deanery in Moscow.
Much has been accomplished in ten years. The foundation and the under-dome masonry of the temple were strengthened, the covering of two domes, the drum, the church head and much more were restored. There is still a lot to be done. Outside, repair and restoration work continues, and inside, work is underway to recreate the church decoration. One of the main tasks today is the creation of the iconostasis. Unfortunately, there are no sketches, drawings or photographs that could be used to restore its previous appearance. The project of the new iconostasis, created by the architect Oskina Natalya Borisovna, focuses on the famous monuments of Russian icon painting and decorative art of the late 17th and early 18th centuries (the Church of the Intercession in Fili in Moscow). Local icons were painted in the studio of the icon painter Nikita Nuzhny. Currently, work is underway to paint icons of the Deesis order. Ahead is the production of a carved iconostasis, which, in terms of the complexity of the artistic task, is not inferior to similar masterpieces of the past.
Much here still needs restoration and repair. The Patriarchal Compound is looking for benefactors to finance the work on the manufacture of a unique iconostasis for the Trinity Church and the restoration of the manor house of K.A. Naryshkin. The preservation of this reserved corner of Great Russia depends on the diligence of grateful descendants.