The country lies in two climatic belts - a subequatorial in the north and equatorial in the south. The average monthly temperatures everywhere - 25-30 ° C, but the amount of precipitation and their mode are different. In the equatorial climate zone, the oceanic air is dominated by the Oceanic Air and does not have a single month without precipitation, the amount of which per year reaches 2400 mm (mainly in March-June and December-January). In the north - in the subequatorial climate - precipitation is less (1100-1800 mm) and the dry winter period is expressed.
Geography
The surface of the country is predominantly flat, in the south in the coequal zone lowland and turning into a low-bearing plateau with a height of 500-800 m in the north. In the West, in the mountains, the highest point of the country (1340 m). Almost all over the territory there are exits of the ancient breeds of the African platform: granites prevail in the West and the North, in the east - clay shale. Here deposits of gold, diamonds, manganese, iron ores are open. The shore of the Guinean Gulf is weakly cut and separated from the sea with a strip of sandy nanos. The main rivers - Comoe, Bandam, Sasandra, Cavalli - uncomfortable.
Flora and fauna
In the vegetable cover in the south, wet equatorial forests are common, where more than 600 species of trees grow, including valuable breeds (about 35 species are used for wood harvesting, 5 types of mahogany). To the north, the wet forests are replaced by a flattened, in which they are inclined by the valleys of the Gallery Forest Rivers. Another norther of trees islands disappear and most of the territory is covered with highly old savanna. Like vegetation and animal world of ivory shores, preserved better than in other countries of West Africa: in the forests are numerous monkeys (monkeys, chimpanzees, grandmother, etc.), elephants, hippos, forest antelopes, pigs, water deer plants are found; In the savannas there are various types of antelopes, as well as leopard, cheetah, servile. A network of reserves and national parks has been created, including on the slopes of Mount Hyba (on the border with Guinea and Liberia), Bank National Park near Abidjan.
Population
The population of Côte d'Ivoire includes representatives of more than 55 language communities, many of which are distinguished by a kind of exotic culture. Three subgroups of nations are distinguished: Guinean (KRU, Baul, Anya, etc.), Voltskaya (Saintfo, Lobi, Bobo, Kulango, Moss) and Mande (Malinka and others). Most of the population are occupied in agriculture (cocoa culture, coffee, etc.) and maintains both traditional lifestyle and traditional animeic beliefs.
Big cities
The country's largest city is Abidjan (about 4.4 million inhabitants), whose stormy growth began after 1950. Now this is an industrial center, a large port, there is a University, a Research Center. Abidjan is a modern city with numerous hotels, restaurants, other elements of tourism infrastructure. The capital of Côte d'Ivoire is Yamusukro, where 281 thousand people live. Other major cities of the country - Bawak, San Pedro, Cork, Ferkesedugua.
History
The territory of the modern cat'd Ivoire in another 1 millennia BC was settled by Pygmy. Soon, other nations were moved there, the first of them were Saintfo.
For the first time, Europeans began to disembark on the shore of the modern cat'd Ivoire in the 15th century. Here the Portuguese, Dutch, Danes visited. Portuguese visited here in the 1460s. Colonization began with the arrival of the French, who from the mid-19th century began economic development of land. Local tribes were destroyed until 1917. The French exported diamonds and gold, coffee and cocoa from here, there were banana plantations here. On March 10, 1893, the coast of ivory was declared the colony of France, in 1895 included in French West Africa. The ivory coast has become a major producer of coffee and cocoa for the markets of France. In 1934, Abidjan declared the center of the colony. In 1945, the first political party emerged - the democratic party of the bank of the ivory, first, which first succeeded in Marxism, but from the beginning of the 50s, which came to the positions close to the French right. In 1957, France provided colonies local self-government.
On August 7, 1960, the independence of the country was proclaimed. The leader of the Democratic Party of Ufa-Buuani became its president, the DP became the ruling and only party. The principle of inviolability of private property was proclaimed. The country continued to remain agricultural and raw material appendage of France, however, in African standards, its economy was in good condition, economic growth rates reached 11% per year. The ivory coast in 1979 became the world leader in the production of cocoa beans, however, success in this area relied on a successful conjuncture and a combination of class managers, foreign investments and a large number of cheap workers, mainly migrant workers from neighboring countries. However, in the 1980s, coffee and cocoa prices fell in world markets, in 1982-1983 the country has suffered a brutal drought, an economic downturn began; By the end of the 1980s, an indicator of foreign debt per capita exceeded the same indicator of all countries in Africa, except Nigeria. Ufue Buani's pressure from the public went to political concessions, legalized alternative ruling political parties, initiated the electoral process, and in 1990 he was elected president.
In 1993, he died, and the country was headed by Henri Conan's heir to His heir. In 1995, a forum on investment in the country's economy was held, in which Russian companies participated. In the late 90s, political instability increased, a serious competitor appeared at the misfortune: Allasan Wattar, but he is Burkinabets on origin, while the country's constitution admitted to the elections only the Ivorians. This circumstance was very deepened by the already planned split of the society on the ethnic sign. By that time, from a third to half of the population of the country, there were faces of foreign origin, mainly those who previously worked in agriculture, which came in the cause of the firm economic situation in decay.
On December 25, 1999, a military coup in the country, the organizer of which Robert Guway held the presidential elections next year marked by travelers and mass riots. Officially, the leader of the Opposition of Laurent Gbagbo was recognized as the winner of the election. On September 19, 2002, a military insurgency was organized in Abdijan, which was suppressed, but became the beginning of the civil war between political groups, which represented the north and south of the country. In 2003, an agreement was reached on the cessation of clashes, however the situation continued to remain unstable. A solid peace agreement managed to sign only in spring 2007.
Politics
Côte d'Ivoire - Presidential Republic. The President of the country is elected direct voting for a period of 5 years with the possibility of re-election only once. He has the full full of executive authority, appoints and removes the Prime Minister. The president has a legislative initiative along with parliament (single-palated).
Cote d'Ivoire (Cote d'Ivoire), the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (République de Cote d'Ivoire).
From the 2nd half of the 20th century, the population of the country has increased more than five times (3.9 million people in 1960; 20.8 million people in 2008); The average annual pace of natural population growth is reduced (2.2% in 2008; 4.4% in 1973-82). Birth rate (32.7 per 1000 inhabitants; 2008) significantly exceeds mortality (11.2 per 1000 inhabitants). 4.2 child fertility index for 1 woman; Infant mortality 69.8 per 1000 liveborn. The age structure prevails the population of working age (15-64 years) - 56.3%, the proportion of children under 14 years of 40.9%, persons 65 years and older - 2.8%. The average age of the population is 19 years old (2008). The average life expectancy is 54.6 years (men - 53.9, women - 55.4 years). The ratio of men and women is approximately equal. External migration balance is positive, most of the labor migrants come from neighboring countries (mainly from Burkina Faso, Mali, Guinea). The average population density is 64.5 people / km 2 (2008; one of the highest in tropical Africa). The south of the country is most closely populated (up to 384 people / km 2 in the area of \u200b\u200bAbidjan, 106.2 people / km 2 in the framework area). In northern, economically less developed areas, the average population density is significantly lower (14.6 people / km 2 in the Dengele region). The share of urban population is rapidly increasing due to the constant inflow of rural residents and immigrants (24% in 1965; 42% in 1985; over 50% in 2008). Large cities (thousands of people, 2008): Abidjan (3900), Buoke (624.5), Daloa (234.7), Yamusukro (227), Bowls (200.2), San Pedro (160.2). The economy employs 6.9 million people, of which about 68% in agriculture (2007). Unemployment rate 40% (estimate). 42% of the population of the country lives below the poverty line (2006).
3. I. Tokareva.
Religion
About 40% of the population (2006, estimate) Côte d'Ivoire - Muslim-Sunni, about 28% of Christians (including about 19% - Catholics, about 6% - Protestants), about 30% - the adepts of traditional cults. There are also adherents of Africristian syncretic cults (Harrism, etc.), Buddhists, Hindus, Bahaiti, etc.
There are 4 Metropolis and 11 Dioceses of the Roman Catholic Church. The largest Protestant organization is the United Methodist Church of Côte d'Ivoire (founded in 1924, independent status since 1985). Orthodox parishes are in the jurisdiction of the Alexandria Orthodox Church.
Historical essay
Côte d'Ivoire before independence. Archaeological finds (so-called Neolithic workshops on the banks of the rivers) indicate the settlement of the territory of Côte d'Ivoire in the Stone Age. In the 3-2th millennium BC in the Savannah zone, and then the development of agriculture began in the forest zone; In the 1st millennium, our era was widely distributed by iron production, pottery craft, weaving, gold mining. At the beginning of the 2nd millennium, the peoples of Saintfo came from the north-west; Founded by the city of Kong became one of the largest caravan trade centers in West Africa. In 15-16 centuries, Saintfo were pushed out to the north-west by muldeyazynaya peoples (Malinka, Dewel, etc.), created in the early 18th century public education with the center in the cone. In the 15th century, the Camoue River and Black Volta rivers have developed a state of the Narron - Bono; In the west of the Bandama River - Anna and Baul's early education.
The northern part of Côte d'Ivoire was part of the influence of Western Sudan states - Ghana, Mali and Cool.
At the end of the 15th century, Europeans began to penetrate the coast of the Gulf of the Gulf of the Gulf of the Bay, mainly the Portuguese, exported from here an elephant bone (the name of the country - Côte d'Ivoire in translation from the French language means the coast of ivory, BSK), gold and slaves. The beginning of the colonization of Côte d'Ivoire was put in 1637 French missionaries. In the 1840s, the French entrenched on the coast of Côte d'Ivoire, in the 1880s their promotion of the country began. In 1887-89, France imposed a number of so-called allied treaties to the rulers of African states and tribal leaders. In 1892, the Franco-Liberian Convention were identified the borders of French possessions and Liberia (subsequently, the decisions of the Convention were repeatedly revised in favor of France), in 1893 through the Franco-British Convention - the border with the British Colony Golden Coast.
In 1893, BSK was declared the colony of France (before that the territories captured by the French were administratively entered into Senegal Colony), in 1895 included in the French West Africa. The main branch of the colonial economy of the BSK became the mining industry (mining of gold, diamonds, manganese ore), as well as the development of forest wealth; The plantation economy was developed, export cultures were cultivated - cocoa, coffee, bananas.
In the late 1930s, trade unions and public organizations of Africans arose in the BSK, who spent the requirements of providing them with political rights. In October 1946, BSK received the status of the overseas territory of France (within the French Community); A part of the population of the BSK began to participate in the elections of representatives to the French Parliament, as well as the General Council of the territory endowed with deliberative functions (in 1952 transformed into the Territorial Executive Assembly, in 1958 to the Constituent Assembly). In 1946, the first party of the African population was created - the Democratic Party (DP; the territorial section of the African Democratic Association), headed by D. F. Ufa-Buuani. According to the 1956 law, in the development of WFU-BUANJE, the universal eligible law was introduced, the division of voters into two curia (African and European) was abolished, the rights of the Territorial Legislative Assembly were expanded. According to the results of the referendum, which took place on 28.9.1958, BSK received the status of a member of the French community. A government was formed, his chairman became Ufue Buany.
Côte d'Ivoire since 1960. The Republic of Côte d'Ivoire was proclaimed 7.8.1960. She came out of the French Community, but retained close ties with the former metropolis (in 1961 the Government of Côte d'Ivoire concluded a number of economic and military cooperation agreements with France). In November 1960, the Constitution of the country was adopted. Formally, it did not prohibit the activities of opposition political parties, but in fact the only party of Côte d'Ivoire recognized DP, under the control of which all trade union and public organizations were delivered. In November 1960, DP won the elections to the National Assembly, then D. F. Ufa-Buuani was elected president of the republic. Subsequent presidential and parliamentary elections also took place on a non-alternative basis. The government conducted a liberal economic policy; A course was taken to attract foreign capital, the development of private entrepreneurship. In the 1960s, economic growth rates were very high (due to the use of funds received from the export of coffee and cocoa beans), which largely contributed to the maintenance of domestic political stability in the republic.
In the 1980s, due to the fall in world prices for coffee and cocoa beans, the country's economy entered a protracted crisis. Inflation, mass unemployment and a sharp drop in the standard of living of the population have caused the growth of anti-government sentiment. In May 1990, D. F. Ufa-Buuani legalized the activities of opposition political parties and organizations. In the presidential election 28.10.1990, he won the candidate from the opposition L. K. Gbagbo.
On the eve of the presidential election, the 1995 National Assembly of Côte d'Ivoire adopted a constitutional amendment, according to which only the one who had parents-Ivo Arch (one or both) could run for the presidential post. This amendment deprived the leader of the opposition party to associate the Republicans (founded in 1994 as a result of the split DP) A. D. Wattaru, Burkinyza by origin, the possibility of participating in the elections. 22.10.1995 The president was elected representative of DP E. A. K. Bedje (other candidates boycotted elections).
The period of finding the evil in the presidential post was noted by the further destabilization of the domestic political situation caused by the discriminatory policy of the government in relation to immigrants (about a quarter of the Côte d'Ivoire population constitute the immigrants from other countries, mainly from Burkina Faso, Benin, Ghana, Guinea). In 1999, the on the eve of the new presidential elections in the capital and other cities of the country passed mass demonstrations in support of A. D. Wattara. Taking advantage of the situation, the military led by the retired General R. Gueem made a coup. It was announced the suspension of the Constitution, the displacement of the president, the dissolution of the government and parliament. Power has moved to the National Committee of Public Rescue. In January 2000, a transitional government was formed, in which Guway took the presidency of the Republic and Minister of Defense.
23.7.2000 A new Constitution of Côte d'Ivoire was approved on the referendum (entered into force 1.8.2000); The article on the requirements for the presidential candidate remains unchanged. The presidential election 22.10.2000 ended the victory of the leader of the Ivorian folk front (inf; created in 1983 in France) L. K. Gbagbo. According to the results of parliamentary elections (10.12.2000 - 14.1.2.2001), infections and DP received an approximately equal number of places. Elections did not lead to normalization of the situation in the country. 19.9.2002 Military seized power in the cities of Abidjan, Buoke and Korogo. The rebellion was suppressed, but the rebel groups took control of all the northern, as well as a part of the central and western regions. Began collisions on ethnic soil (between Ivo Arch and immigrants, as well as between representatives of various nations).
In March 2003, a coalition government of national reconciliation was formed, in which members of inf, DP, rebel organizations and the association of Republicans entered. However, after a year, the ministers submitted to the opposition announced the boycake of the government's work in connection with the acceleration of manifestations by the security forces of Côte d'Ivoire (over 100 people died). In early April 2004, UN military units were sent to the government in resolving the conflict in the country.
Summer 2004 in the city of Accra (Ghana), the summit of chapters 13 of African states took place, on which the agreement on the settlement of the internal conflict was reached between the Government of Côte d'Ivoire and the rebels. However, the situation continued to be unstable, since the opposing parties refused to disarm. Under these conditions, L. K. Gbagbo decided to transfer the presidential election to a later date, which was originally planned to be held in 2005 (in the future they were postponed several times). In early March 2007, negotiations were completed in the capital of Burkina Faso - the city of Ouagadougou, the negotiations between Gbagbo and the leader of the Ivorian opposition forces G. K. Soro. The parties signed an agreement providing for the creation of a new transitional government of the country led by Soro (formed 7.4.2007). The Government of Côte d'Ivoire is tasked with disarmament of rebel detachments, restoration of the destroyed infrastructure, the settlement of inter-ethnic contradictions, as well as to ensure the holding of presidential and parliamentary elections.
The diplomatic relations between the USSR and Côte d'Ivoire were established in 1967 (interrupted by the Government of Côte d'Ivoire in 1969, restored in 1986). The trade turnover between the two countries is 153.2 million US dollars (2004). The Russian Federation consistently advocates the political settlement of the conflict in Côte d'Ivoire.
Lit.: Blokhin L.F. Coast of ivory. M., 1967; Tokareva Z. M. Republic of Côte d'Ivoire. Directory. M., 1990; Encyclopedia of African Peoples. N. Y., 2000; Coulibaly A. A. LE Système Politigue Ivoirien: De La Colonie A LA PE RÉPUBLIQUE. R., 2002; Countries and regions of the world. 3rd ed. M., 2009.
Farm
The basis of the economy of Côte d'Ivoire - Agriculture. Since the beginning of the 2000s, the economic situation has become complicated due to internal political instability. Since 2004, Côte d'Ivoir lending to the World Bank has been discontinued. The development prospects of the country are associated with the diversification of the economy, an increase in the role of the private sector, involving foreign investment, overcoming poverty.
GDP capacity is 33.1 billion dollars (by purchasing power parity; 2007); Per capita is 1.7 thousand dollars per capita. Human Development Index 0.432 (2005; 166th place among 177 countries of the world). The increase in real GDP 1.6% (2007; 11% in the 1960s, 6% in the 1970s - early 1980s, 5% in the late 1990s). In the structure of GDP, the share of services accounted for 50%, agriculture - 28%, industry - 22%.
Industry. An important role is played by the production of hydrocarbons in the eastern part of the shelf of the Gulf of Guinea. The total volume of oil production (started in 1980) 52 thousand barrels / day (2007; 15 thousand barrels / day in 2002). The largest deposits (2007): Espar (28.1 thousand barrels / day), Baobab (21.1 thousand barrels / day), Lyon (1.9 thousand barrels / day). Mining is mainly under the control of the state company "Société Nationale d'Operations Rétroliéres de la Côte d'Ivoire" ("Petroci"). About 60% of oil is exported, of which 2/3 - to the countries of Western Europe (mainly in Germany) and in Canada.
Natural gas production is carried out since the early 1990s (16 billion m 3 in 2002; 22 billion m 3 in 2006). Leading companies: Foxtrot International, Petroci, Energy De Côte d'Ivoire, etc. All gas is used within the country (main consumer - electricity).
Electricity needs are fully covered by their own fuel resources. The installed power of power plants is 1.1 thousand MW (2005). Electricity production is 5.3 billion kWh, export - 1.1 billion kWh (2006). Most of the produced energy is produced on the TPP (work on natural gas). The largest TPP is "Azito" in the Abidjan area (1999; installed capacity of 288 MW, over 1/3 of the generated electricity). About 1/5 of the electricity is made on the hydropower plant; The most important - "Ayame I" and "Ayame II" on the Bio, Kossou River and Taabo on the Bandama River, Viouo on the Sasander River.
Société Ivoirienne de Raffinage (SIR) is the only refinery in the country of the company "Société Ivoirienne de Raffinage" (SIR) is located in Abidjan (power of 65 thousand barrels / day; 47.3% of the shares belong to the state). Built (from 2008, commissioning in 2011) The second refineries in the Abidjan area (capacity of 60 thousand barrels / day). Export of petroleum products in Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger.
Gold mining (1.3 tons in 2006, 3.6 tons in 2002; ITI and subway deposits; the largest companies are French "La Mancha Resources Inc." and the state "Société Pour Le Développement Minier En Cote d'Ivoire"), Diamonds (300 thousand car in 2006; Towning areas and segged in the north and west of the country).
Small metallurgical and metalworking enterprises operate (production of steel sheets from imported blanks, metal roofing materials, fittings, pipes, wires, etc. in Abidjan), plants for assembling cars, motorcycles, bicycles and household electrical products (Abidjan), numerous chemical enterprises ( Production of paints and varnorates and plastics, perfumery and cosmetic products, household chemicals, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.), Cellulose production plant (San Pedro; about 200 thousand tons of cellulose per year), two textile combines (Buoke and Dimblero; mainly Cotton fabrics from local cotton and in minor quantities - synthetic fabrics from imported raw materials). There are several small leather-shoe enterprises, a match factory (60-100 million boxes per year), shipbuilding and shipyard shipyards (in Abidjan). Forestry and woodworking industries are rapidly developed (about 600 thousand m 3 sawn timber per year); Most of the enterprises are concentrated in the southern regions of the country. The production of building materials plays a prominent role in the economy. Sand mining, gravel, limestone, other building raw materials are mining. There is a ceramic plant in Abidjan. Of great importance is the food industry. The main products of numerous small businesses are palm oil, cocoa oil, instant coffee, canned pineapples and fruit juices, canned fish. Large flour and bakery combines - in Abidjan and San Pedro.
Agriculture. The leading industry is crop production. Along with modern agrotechnical methods (especially in plantation farms), a system of carrying farming is practiced. 10% of the country's territory is processed (constantly about 4%), of which about 1/2 falls on the landing of cocoa. For the production of cocoa beans, Côte d'Ivoire occupies 1st place in the world (over 1 million tons in 2005; on average, about 46% of world production; 15% of the cost of GDP). Coffee is also available (the collection of 130.8 thousand tons of green grain in 2005; 11th place in the world, mainly Robust variety, about 5% - Arabica), peanuts (72.5 thousand tons); cashew nuts (59 thousand tons; 7th place in the world), bananas (36.1 thousand tons), pineapples (34.8 thousand tons; 18th place in the world), sugar cane (22.8 thousand tons), Coconuts, avocado, mango, cotton. Significant areas are occupied under the plantations of oilseed palm (cultured for the production of palm oil), under landings of GEVE. Côte d'Ivoire is the largest producer of natural rubber in Africa (72.4 thousand tons in 2005; 8th place in the world). Essential food cultures (collection, thousands of tons; 2005); Yams 605, Platnay 299, Rice 245, Manica 108, corn 106. The animal husbandry is developed mainly in the northern regions, in the central and southern regions wears focal nature. In the livestock (thousands of heads; 2005) the goats and sheep are dominated - 2700; Cattle 1500, pigs 333.
One of the promising industries is fishing. Annual catch of about 70 thousand tons (mainly tuna and sardines).
Transport. Côte d'Ivoire has an extensive road network, its density is especially great in southern regions. The length of the highway is 80 thousand km, including 6.5 thousand km with a solid coating (2006). Motor transport provides the delivery of almost all export products to the items of export on the coast and transportation of imported goods to various areas of the country. The roads running along the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire is connected with Gana, Benin, Cameroon, Nigeria. The length of the only railway (Abidjan - border from Burkina Faso) is 660 km; The volumes of passenger and freight are reduced due to increasing competition with road haulage. Sea ports - Abidjan (freight turnover about 19 million tons per year, the largest in West Africa; provides over 90% of foreign trade transportation) and San Pedro (mainly export of wood and sawn timber). 7 airports have a runway with a solid coating (2007). International Airports - in Abidjan, Yamusukro and Buoke.
International trade. The cost of commercial exports is 18.5 billion dollars, imports - 6.1 billion dollars (2007). In the commercial structure of exports, agricultural products are dominated: cocoa beans (about 30% of the cost) and cocoa products, coffee, cotton, rubber, palm oil, fruit; About 25% of the cost of exports provide oil and petroleum products. Among other goods - wood and sawn timber, canned fish. Main Buyers (2006): Germany (9.7% cost), Nigeria (9.1%), Netherlands (8.4%), France (7.3%), USA (7%), Burkina Faso (4 ,four%). Côte d'Ivoire imports oil and petroleum products (over 33% of the cost), machinery and equipment, vehicles, food. Main suppliers of goods - Nigeria (30.5% of the cost), France (16.4%), China (6.7%).
Lit.: Pasco Bakayolo M. Côte d'Ivoire: Démocratie en PEINE, RIEN NE VA PLUS EN AFRIQUE. R., 2005; Koffi Koffi R. La Défi du Développement EN Côte d'Ivoire. R., 2008.
3. I. Tokareva.
Armed Forces
Armed Forces (BC) Côte d'Ivoire consist of ground forces (SV), Air Force, Navy, Presidential Guard and Gendarmerie (over 17.1 thousand people; 2007), and there are paramilitary formations - Police (1.5 thousand people ; 2007). Annual military budget 300 million dollars (2007).
The Supreme Commander is the president that leads BC through the Ministry of Defense and the BC headquarters. SV (6.5 thousand people) include 4 military areas, 1 tank and 3 infantry battalions, a separate artillery division, a parachute group, engineering company and an anti-aircraft artillery battery. It is in service with 15 tanks (including 5 lungs), 31 BRM, 25 BTR, 4105-mm leaders, 16,120-mm mortars, anti-tank and anti-aircraft drugs. As part of the Air Force (700 people), fighter, transport, communications and helicopter squadron (several aircraft and helicopters, including 4 combat aircraft). As part of the Navy (950 people), several landing and patrol boats. The number of Presidential Guard is 1.4 thousand people, gendarmerie 7.6 thousand people. Weapons and military equipment mainly French production.
Packing BC based on the universal military service of male people aged 18, as well as selectively under the contract. The training of the officer and non-commissioned officer is carried out mainly in France. Part of the younger officers is preparing in the National Military School and in a flying school in Buoke. Mobilization resources 4 million people, including 2.1 million people suitable for military service. In 1961, France and Côte d'Ivoire signed a joint defense agreement (French troops are deployed - about 3.8 thousand people).
V. D. Nestechkin.
Health
In Côte d'Ivoire, 100 thousand inhabitants account for 12 doctors, 60 persons of medium medical personnel, 2 dentists, 6 pharmacists (2004). General health expenditures account for 3.9% of GDP (2005) (budget financing - 27.6%, the private sector is 72.4%) (2003). Legal regulation of the health care system is carried out by law on the protection of public health and habitats from industrial and radioactive waste (1988). The health care system includes urban private medical and dental institutions. In rural areas, medical care is limited in volumes and quality due to lack of personnel. The most common infections are bacterial dysentery, hepatitis A, malaria, yellow fever, schistosomatosis (2008). The main causes of the death of an adult population: AIDS, malaria, diseases of the lower respiratory tract, tuberculosis, cardiovascular diseases, injuries, cancer (2004). Primorsky climatic resort Grand Basam.
V. S. Nechaev.
Sport
The National Olympic Committee was founded in 1962, the IOC was recognized in 1963. Côte d'Ivoire athletes take part in the Olympic Games since 1964 (with the exception of 1980); The only award won the athlete of the city of Tyacoch, who took 2nd place in Run by 400 m (Los Angeles, 1984). In 1960, the Ministry of Youth and Sports was established. In the 1960s, the first sports federations were created in the country and a number of national championships were held.
Most Popular Sports: Judo, Boxing, Football, Handball, Athletics, Rowing on Kayaks and Canoes. The national team of Côte d'Ivoire football successfully performs at international competitions - owner (1992) and finalist (2006) of the African Cup, participant in the final part of the World Championship in Germany (2006). The strongest footballers of the country are in leading European clubs: D. Drogba - in the London Chelsea Champion of England (2005, 2006); A. K. Keita - as part of Lyona Champion of France (2008); K. Kh. Tour - in Arsenal (London, since 2002); His brother Ya. Tour - in Barcelona (from 2007); B. Sanyan - in the "Verder" (Bremen, from 2007) and others. Goalkeeper A. Guamene participated in 7 pranks of the African Cup.
V. I. Linder.
Education. Institutions of science and culture
Educational institutions management is carried out by the Ministry of National Education and Scientific Research. The network of pre-school institutions is poorly developed, they are mainly functioning in large cities. The education system includes (2008) compulsory 6-year-old primary training for children from 6 years of age, 7-year secondary (4-year incomplete and 3-year-old complete) education in state and non-state educational institutions (colleges and lyceums), professionally - Education (based on primary and incomplete secondary school) in apprenticeship and technical lyceum centers, higher professional education. Pre-school education covered 3% of children, primary learning - 71%, average - 32%. Literacy of the population over the age of 15 is 62.1% (2006). The system of higher professional education includes: the University of Cockties, the University of D'Abobo-Ajama (both in Abidjan); University in Buoke - All universities stood out in 1995 from National University (founded in 1958 as a Higher Education Center in Abidjan), National Polytechnic Institute (1996) in Yamusukro, National School of Management (1960), Higher National School of Fine Arts (1963) - both in Abidjan; National Engineering School (1963), Higher Agricultural School (1996) - both in Yamoussukro. The main museums, libraries, scientific institutions are in Abidjan, Buoke, Korogo.
Media
Leading periodicals: Daily Government newspapers "Fraternité Matin" (coming from 1964, a circulation of 25 thousand copies), "Ivoir 'Soir" (since 1987, 10 thousand copies); Monthly Government Bulletin "Journal Officiel De La République de Cote d'Ivoire" (from 1958, 25 thousand copies); Daily independent newspapers "Le Jour" (from 1994), "Le Patriote" (from 1991), "La Nouvelle République", "Notre Voie"; The monthly magazine "EBURNEA" (since 1967) (all - in the city of Abidjan, in French), etc. Radio broadcasting since 1949 (from 1951 regularly), television since 1963. Broadcasting television and radio broadcasts (in French and local languages) State Service "Radiodiffusion-Télévision Ivoirienne" and others. National Information Agency - Agence Ivoirienne de Presse (AIP; Created in 1961).
Literature
Literature Côte d'Ivoire is developing in French. In the 1930s national dramaturgy originates. In 1938, "Native Theater" was created, where household plays were set, historical, as well as raising the theme of colonial exploitation (Creativity B. B. Dadier, F. J. Amon D'Ibi, etc.). In 1952, the People's Academy of Literature and Poetry was established, in 1962 - the National Association Writers writing in French. The drama flourishing began after independence. In the 1960-70s, a heroic-historical drama appeared. The influence of French classicism was noted by the Dilogy of E. Dervena: the drama "Sarans, or a criminal queen", in which the image of a wise African ruler, politics and commander, and "language and scorpion" (both 1968) were created. Sh. Nokan in the "Sorry Choo" play (1968) put the problem of the ruler and the people; The basis of the social-utopian play "Abraha Poku, or the Great African" (1970) laid the legend about the origin of the people of Baul. The struggle of the African peoples against the colonizers was reflected in the plots with the epitility of the Drum "Beatrice from the Congo" (1970) and "Buri Islands" (1973), with the work of which is also associated with the origin of a satirical comedy ("Mr. That Nyny", 1970; " Mua-Sel ", 1979). The heroization of the historical past is the basis of the Sofa's play B. Zadi Zauru (1975).
Poetry and prose began to grow violently in the 1950s. A bright sample of revolutionary anticolonial poetry: Collections "Africa in full growth" (1950), "People of all continents" (1967) B. B. Dadier; "Save Call of Hope" J. M. Bonianey (1961). In the 1970s, in poetry, the trends of the romotance of past Africa (creativity B. Zadi Zauru, A. Kania). The formation of prose is connected with the name of Dadier: the collection "African legends" (1954), a book of fairy tales on a folk basis "Black bandage" (1955); The autobiographical Roman "Clembier" (1956) and others. The topic of the collapse of the illusions of the "man of two cultures" is disclosed in the "Cumbo-Black Student" novel (1960). The sharpness of the anticolonial pathos, romantic pathos, stylistic syncretism (a combination of lyricism and journalism) differ novels "engaged in black dawn" (1962) and "Strong wind" (1966) Sh. Nocana. In the 1970s, moral novels are distributed, in which traditional African values \u200b\u200bcome to the fore. In the course of Negrityudu, the novels "Youth from Buoke" M. Kone (1963), "UAZZI" Zh. Dodo, "Mozenya" T. Dema, "Hired of Harbor" P. Du Previous (all - 1977). "Black" life-matter, the image of the gloomy phenomena of traditional African society (magic, witchcraft, secret societies) is characteristic of the novel "At the threshold of an irreal" A. Kone (1976). In the intellectual novel-parable "ID of the personality" J. M. Adonyfi (1980) in the symbolic form is expressed for the call to restore the colonial communications with the spiritual and cultural heritage of the ancestors. A sample of highly artistic synthesis of an individual-copyright ironic style, elements of the oral tradition of the people of Malinka and modern romance equipment was the work of A. Kurumi ("Monne, or humiliated challenge", 1990; "Waiting for the vote of wild animals", 1998, etc.).
Lit.: Lyakhovskaya Ya. D. Poetry West Africa. M., 1975; She is. Features of the formation and development of drama in French-speaking tropical Africa literature // Development of genres in modern literature Africa. M., 1983; She is. Literature Côte d'Ivoire // Francophycle literature Tropical Africa. M., 1989; Lezou G. D. Creations Romanesques Devant Les Transformations ACTUELES EN Côte d'Ivoire. Dakar, 1978; Makouta-Mboukou J. R. Introduction à l'Etude du Roman Négro-Africain de Langue Française. 2ed. Dakar, 1983; Writers of Côte d'Ivoire: bibliographic pointer. M., 1988.
Ya. D. Lyakhovskaya.
Architecture and Fine Arts
The peoples of the southern, forest part of the country are building rectangular dwellings with a roof of palm branches. The peoples of Baul and Anja oval in terms of the house are surrounded by a canopy. In the North-West, round in terms of houses with conical straw roofs are common. This type of dwelling in the east of the country is replaced by global rectangular in terms of houses with flat roof. In the central part of Côte d'Ivoire, the houses have rectangular with rounded ends of the plan and are divided into 3-4 rooms. Walls of houses are often sampled by geometric ornament, figures of people and animals.
After the proclamation of independence, 1-4-storey residential buildings were erected; Multi-storey buildings are built, uniting the shopping center located at the bottom, hotel, restaurants and buildings of apartments or office: the center of Nur al-Hayat (architects A. Laz, J. P. Lupy, J. Mae), office complex "La Pyramid »With an aluminum finish (Architect R. Olivier, Engineer R. Morandi; both - in Abidjan, 1960-70s), airport near Abidjan (1969, Architects M. Dusharm, J. Moro, J. P. Mina) , Hotel "Cascades" in Mana (1969, Duscharm, K. Larra, Mina); Administrative building SCIAM in Abidjan (1975, J. Semison) in international style. Some hotels (Sasandra, Architect Benois Barne; in Asini, Architects J. Semison, L. Renar, A. K. VI) Stylized under huts with straw roofs. Created cultural centers in Abidjan and Buoke, covered markets. Construction uses reinforced concrete and glass, local artisans are involved in finishing work. In the 1970s, O. K. Kakub developed the General Plan of the city of Yamusukro and built a complex of public buildings in the forms of Brutalism: the Palace of Congress, the Palace of the President, the President "President", the City Hall and the Ufa-Buuani Foundation. In the 1980s, Catholic temples were erected: St. Paul's Cathedral in Abidjan (1985, architect A. Spirito) with elements of postmodernism, Grand Cathedral Notre Dame-de-La PE in Yamusukro (1986-89, Architect P. Fahuri; Building repeats the composition of the Cathedral of St. Peter in the Vatican); Both structures are decorated with stained glass windows.
Painting as an independent type of art arose in Côte d'Ivoire only in the 1960s. Among the artists of this period - M. Kodo and E. J. Santoni; Both were educated in France. At the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, I acquired the fame of Ya. Bat, in the works of which abstractionism techniques are combined with a local ornamental tradition. The representatives of naive arts (3. Macre, F. Bruhi-Buylab), who continue to be a craft tradition of manufacturing signs, occupy a special place in russian life. The most famous sculptor - K. Lattier, who worked in France and home; Creates works from metal, elements of basketing, ropes and fabrics. Ceramic sculpture in the spirit of traditions Baul for registration of architectural structures is engaged in S. Yao; In this genre, K. Moroufier also works. Developed wood carving (masks, figures of people), processing of gold, bronze and copper, weaving. In the area of \u200b\u200bKatio, the production of potary products is concentrated, the area of \u200b\u200bSegel is famous for the elegant vessels "Canari", spherical pots and huge grain tanks are manufactured in the area. The traditional painting of houses is developing.
Lit.: Castel J. Inventaire Des formes De Representation Graphique EN Côte d'Ivoire et Pripositions d'Exploitation. Abidjan ,; Architecture COLONIALE EN Cote d'Ivoire. Abidjan, 1985; L'Art Des Enseignes. Abidjan, 1985; Lerat J.-M. Chez Bonne IDée: Images du Petit Commerce EN AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST. R., 1986; Blanditi A. Bronzes et autres Alliages: Afrique de Louest. MARIGNANE, 1988; Magiciens de la Terre. . R., 1989; CONTEMPORARY AFRICAN ARTISTIS: CHANGING TRADITION. . N. Y., 1990; Boyer A.-m. ARTS PREMIERS DE COTE D'IVOIRE. Saint-Maur, 1997; Bonneau R. Ecrivains, Cinéastes et artistes iVoiriens: Aperçu Bio-Bibliographique. Abidjan, 1973.
V. L. Voronina, E. N. Silversvan.
Music
Music culture is typical for West Africa; Presented by professional traditions Dan, Malinka (Mandingo Group), Baul, Ve (Crubber), Saintfo. Dan music is highlighted in an independent branch of traditional culture, largely preserved its relationship with cult practice (the origin of music is associated with the world of spirits; in magical purposes the distorting voice masks are used in magical purposes). Professional musicians are united in associations, specialization is inherited; The skill of singers-improvisers is highly appreciated (solo singing is accompanied by the game on the harp, the lamellafone). Music is an integral part of the rites of initiation, rituals that prevent hunting, etc. The game on the drums accompanies the labor actions of farmers, competition in the fight and dancing. Casta of professional singers and musicians in Malinka - Jeli (grots; accompany yourself on the crust, xylophone, harp, etc.); Among the socially significant functions of the Jeli are faithful to warriors and their glorification. High status has professional music and in public life Baul: Songs are common in honor of the deities and the spirits of the ancestors; In judicial practice, drums are used, which are considered to be intermediaries between people and ancestral spirits; At public meetings, poetic texts and proverbs are accompanied by reservoirs and signaling idiophones. For Baul, a two-way (singing and game on tools parallel to the colors).
There are so-called talking drums in the signal function, they also reproduce laudatory songs by leaders and soldiers. Saintfo Caste musicians are missing, but the music is of great importance in the rites of male and female secret societies; The songs of initiation rites are particularly interesting, which are accompanied by large instrumental ensembles. The cities are distributed leisure forms of muscy. Music education and learning of traditional music focused in Abidjan.
A. S. Alpathov.
Theater, dance
The national theater tradition originates in the art of gri. In 1938, graduates of School U. Ponti (Dakar) were organized in Abidzhan "Native Theater", which paid special attention to the plays directed against the charlatatance of sorcerers ("Bussian, or the secret of black sorcerer" F. J. Amon D'Ibi, 1939, and others. ). In the early 1940s, satirical productions of the city of Cocofy appeared (one of the founders of the African Theater) on its own plays - "Our wives" (1940) and "My husband" (1941); In 1943 he put his anti-colonial play "The Song Returns". In 1953, the "Native Theater" was transformed into a "cultural and folklore circle", who wanted a prominent place in the cultural life of all West Africa. The repertoire included the plays of household and historical content (including the "crown from the auction" of Amon d'Ionda, "Jaanda" Coffey, "The Adventures of the Goat" D. Mahaman). In 1958, under the leadership of K. Nguan, the theatrical society of the coast of ivory was founded. At that time, the plays of local playwrights were widely set ("Rural Witch" M. Berta, Termites E. Dervena, etc.). He enjoyed the success of the troupe of the Abijan University "Masks and Balafones". In 1959, the School of Dramatic Art opened in Abidjan, subsequently transformed into theatrical school at the National Institute of Arts (created in 1967). Among the significant performances of this period: "Three challengers, one husband" Oyono Mbia (1968), "Mr. Ton Nynyy" B. B. Dadier (1970), Tussio of Deman-go (1971). In 1971, a comedy "Auditor" N. V. Gogol was delivered at the Abijan scene. In the 1980s - the beginning of the 2000s, M. Ekissi ("Time of Red Beretov", 1988; "TRAGEDIA KORTOFA", 1993; "Cruel holiday", 1999; "My name is Brahima", 2001). One of the largest theatrical figures of Côte d'Ivoore began the 21st century - the actor and director S. Bakaba. From 1993 every 2 years in Côte d'Ivoire, an international art festival is held.
Particular in Côte d'Ivoire based on folklore dance performances. In 1974, National Ballet Côte d'Ivoire was created in Abidjan. The most famous dance groups: "Mantche" (1998), "Dzhigiya" (1999), Duncan (2006), "1 dubian" (2008). Among the performers (beginning of the 2000s) - A. B. Bamba, A. Drame, K. Mamadi.
Lit.: Lvov N. I. Modern Tropical Africa Theater. M., 1977; Lviv E. S. Ethnography of Africa. M., 1984; The World Encyclopedia of CONTEMPORARY THEATRE / ED. D. Rubin. N. Y., 2000. Vol. 3: africa; And history of theater in africa / ed. M. Banham. CAMB., 2004.
G. M. Sidorova.
Movie
The emergence of national cinema is associated with the name T. Basori, who starred short films "on the dunes of solitude" in the 1960s, "Sixth Boor Corozda", "Fire in Brussa", etc. He in 1969 released the first national full-length film "Woman with a knife ", Affected the issues of the relationship of African and Western civilizations. In the 1970s, the problems of national reality were reflected in the "Amanny" and "hat" of R. M'bala and Creek Muzzin, E. N'dabiana. In the 1980s, the films "Man from afar" by M. Tretik, "Jelly" K. Lanxik Fadik, "Anzhatio" J. L. Kula, "Dalokan" M. Dosa, "Healers" S. Bakaba. In 1983, the film "Petani" I. Kozolova (together with Nigeria) was released. Significant spectatical interest was caused by the "exotic comedy" K. Tour (1985) - about the life of the traditional society of Saintfo. The most famous filmmakers are the directories D. Ekare ("Concert for Exile", 1968; "France for us two", 1970; "Faces of Women", 1985) and A. Dupace ("Muna, or the Dream of the Artist", 1969; "Family ", 1972;" Wild Grass ", 1977;" I chose life ", 1987;" Ball in the cloud of dust ", 1988;" Sixth finger ", 1990;" Coffee color ", 1998), raising actual moral and Public topics and tragic comedation genre. In 1974, the Association of Professional Cinema Cinemas Côte d'Ivoire was formed (enters the Pan-African Federation of Cinematographers). Since 1969, Côte d'Ivoire's films are involved in the All-African Film Festival (Fespako) in Ouagadougou.
Lit.: Cinema of foreign countries. M., 1996; Shakhov A. S. Dupace a.; Ekare D. // Cinema Asia, Africa, Australia, Latin America: Director's Encyclopedia. M., 2001.
A. S. Shakhov.
The Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (until 1986, the name was officially translated into Russian as the Republic of the Coast of Ivory) - the state in West Africa. Borders with Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Garya, from the south is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Guinea. Former colony of France.
Most of the territory occupy hilly plains, moving in the north in a plateau with a height of more than 400 m above sea level. In the North-West, large mountain ranges of Dan and the tour with deep gorges are located. The highest point is Mount Horba (1752 m).
State
State device
Côte d'Ivoire - Presidential Republic. The President of the country is elected direct voting for a period of 5 years with the possibility of re-election only once. He has the full full of executive authority, appoints and removes the Prime Minister. The president has a legislative initiative along with a unicameral parliament.
Language
State language: French
African languages \u200b\u200bare also widely used - Yakuba, Saintfo, Baul, Anja and Diol.
Religion
Muslims in the country about 40%, Christians - 33%, the aboriginal cults are distributed among 11% of the population, atheists - 16%.
Currency
International title: KFA
Currency exchange can be made in banks and exchange offices, the exchange rate can vary significantly, so the conditions should be carefully specified. Some exchange items work not only without days off, but also around the clock.
The use of credit cards is possible only in the capitals and in major tourist centers on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, preference is given to Visa and MasterCard. The best exchange rate has checks and credit cards of French banks.
Popular attractions
Tourism in Côte d'Ivoire
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Total
% water surface.
322 460 km²
1,4
Total ()
Density
16 962 491 people.
53 people / km²
Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (to the name officially translated into Russian as Ivory Coast) - State in West Africa. Borders with Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Garya, from the south is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Guinea. Former colony of France.
There are more than 60 ethnic groups in the country. The capital is Yamusukro (150 thousand inhabitants), the main city of the country - Abidjan (the economic capital with a population of about 3 million people). Official language - French, main local languages \u200b\u200b- Dewula, Baul, Bethe. National holiday - Independence Day (August 7).
Natural conditions
It is mostly flat country covered with wedgeotropic forests in the south and a highly harvested savanna in the north.
The climate is equatorial in the south and a subequatorial in the north. The average annual temperature is from + 26 ° to + 28 °. The annual amounts of precipitation - from 1100 mm in the north to 5000 mm in the south.
Natural resources - oil, gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, gold, nickel, tantalum.
Domestic rivers
The main rivers-Sasandra, Bandama and Comobe, however, none of them are shipping by more than 65 km from the mouth due to multiple thresholds and a sharp reduction in the water level in the dry period.
Vegetation
The coastal zone is covered with dense tropical forests. In the north and in the center of the country lies an extensive savanna.
Animal world
In the Côte d, Jackal, Hyena, Panther, elephant, chimpanzees, crocodile are found in Ivoire, elephant, chimpanzees and poisonous snakes.
History
Preolonional period
The territory of the modern cat d'Ivoire in the 1st of the Millennium BC was settled by Pygmy, who lived in the conditions of the Stone Age, hunting and collecting. Then other African peoples were moved there, the first of them were Saintfo, who came in the XI-century from the North-West.
In the XV-XVI centuries, the Mande tribes came from the north (Malinka, Dioul, etc.), who pushed Saintfo. At the beginning of the XVIII century, Manda created the Cong state, which became an important shopping center and the focus of the spread of Islam in West Africa.
Colonial period
For the first time, Europeans began to disembark on the shore of the modern cat'd Ivoire in the XV-M century. Here the Portuguese, Dutch, Danes visited. Portuguese visited here in the 1460s. Europeans bought elephant bone, gold, slaves from Aborigines.
The first settlers from Europe became French missionaries, landed there in 1637. This first settlement was soon destroyed by the aborigines. After half a century, in 1687, a new French mission was created, this time with armed guard. At the beginning of the XVIII century, the French tried to establish two more settlements on the coast, but they have existed only a few years.
The French again engaged in the development of the banks of the ivory from 1842. They restored the Fort Grand Basam (on the coast, not far from the current Abidjan), and by 1846 they installed their protectorate for almost all coastal tribes.
Inland, the French began to advance from 1887. For two years, the French have concluded contracts with most tribes from the coast to the modern northern border of the country. In 1892, borders were established with Liberia, in 1893 - with the British colony Golden Beach (modern Ghana).
In 1893, the coast of ivory was allocated to a separate French colony (from Senegal Colony), and in 1895 BSK was included in the French West Africa.
In the colonial period, the French began to develop export cultures (coffee, cocoa, bananas, etc.) there, as well as mined diamonds, gold, manganese ore, developed forest wealth. The French were engaged in the development of infrastructure, in particular the construction of iron and highways, seaports.
In October 1946, the bank of the ivory was granted the status of the overseas territory of France, the General Council of the territory was established.
Period after gaining independence
Political system
On average, the country's economy over the past years is demonstrating a steady economic growth of 2.5 - 3% per year (less inflation), and per capita income in Côte d'Ivoire in 2007 was 840 dollars, which is very high Marks of black Africa.
In agriculture, about 70% of the active population of the country is employed; Products of this sector of the economy gives more than 60% of export revenues to the budget. Côte d'Ivoire is the largest palm oil and natural rubber exporter in Africa. In addition to coffee and cocoa, the main export cultures include bananas, cotton, sugar cane, tobacco. Also developed cultivation of coconut palm, peanuts.
In the forests are harvested by valuable wood (including black (ebony) wood), gavi juice collection (for rubber production). For agricultural needs, sheeps, goats are bred; Fishing fishing is carried out.
Oil and gas are mined mainly on the continental shelf. Also designed by the fields of nickel, manganese and iron ore, as well as bauxites, diamonds and gold.
Main trading partners: countries of the European Union (primarily France). The second place after the EU in the foreign economic relations of Côte d'Ivoire is occupied by ECOWAS countries, as well as South Africa, Morocco and Tunisia. Activity in the development of trade and economic relations with Côte d'Ivoire is shown by the United States, China, India, Canada and Japan.
Notes
Links
- Official site of President Côte d'Ivoire (FR.)
- Materials on the latest history of the country, incl. about civil war 2002-2007
- Films about the conflict in cat d'Ivoire from the documentary series "on the fire line"
Yamusukro 18:51 35 ° C
Mainly cloudy
Hotels
Megapolis Abidjan is famous for its large selection of hotels in international networks with a good location and European service. Along the coast of the Guinean Bay, many local hotels with unassuming services and modest facilities. If you want to live on the coast, we advise you to remove the cottage and bungalows with your kitchen to be able to prepare yourself.
Local hotels have no generally accepted classification of comfort and service, as a rule, they are directly dependent on the cost of living.
sights
Côte d'Ivoire is a unique country for those who are interested in the African culture, folklore and the life of its peoples. In addition, here are the biggest and well-organized national parks in all West Africa.
Tropical forests Côte d'Ivoire rapidly cut down, the only preserved virgin forest can be seen in the Kamou National Park, the largest and famous country park. Here you will see tropical trees in 50 meters high, infinitely long lianas and rare animal species: chimpanzee, hyenoid dog, countless birds. Park can not be visited just like that. It is necessary to obtain permission from the Ministry of Forest, which is in Abidjan.
Museums
The Museum of Civilization in Abidjan is the main museum of the country. His collection is interesting, the museum itself is small, but the exposition is placed somewhat chaotic and uncomfortable for viewing, the whole charm of the collection will disappear. The basis of the exhibition is the folk creativity of the tribes Baul and Yakub, crafts from ivory, ritual masks, household items and much more.
Cat-d climate "Ivoire :: Tropical along the coast, semi-shattered in the Far North. Three seasons - warm and dry (from November to March), hot and dry (from March to May), hot and wet (from June to October).
Resorts
Good beaches are located along the city of Sasandra. Sasandra was the main port of the country, but in the neighboring city of San Pedro built a modern marine terminal and his role decreased. After that, he became a calm, tourist destination, where numerous surf schools are located.
Leisure
Côte d'Ivoire will have to taste connoisseurs of African culture. Every year there are generous festivals and bright festivals dedicated to local deities and the Day of Independence. The most significant event is the masks festival in February.
Beach holidays in Côte d'Ivoire is standard, but many travelers come here not to be blissfully do nothing, but surfing.
The relief of the cat-d "Ivoire :: Mostly the plain. Mountains in the north-west.
Transport
Self-flights from Côte d'Ivoire to Russia. There are transplants in European capitals or in Morocco. From the neighboring countries, you can reach the bus or by train (Railway communication has been established from Burkina Faso).
Surprisingly, but in the country there are good roads. There is a separate band for public transport (which is not in many cities of Russia, alas). The city of Abidjan is famous for modern junction, traveling a lot of pleasure to him.
Standard of living
Côte d'Ivoire is one of the most developed countries of the west coast. Agriculture is well developed here (main cocoa suppliers and coffee all over the world). Most recently, the oil and natural gas field was found in the country. More than 80% of the country's population are engaged in agriculture. Working conditions on plantations are very bad: working day for 16 hours, lack of social guarantees and low salary. But workers have to put up with this, in the country unemployment.
Côte d "Ivoire has resources like :: oil, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, gold, nickel, tantalum, quartz sand, clay, coffee, palm oil, hydropower.
Cot-Divoire City
Abidjan is the main city of the country. Until 1984 was the capital, now just a huge megapolis, where four million people live. This is a modern city with good roads and junctions (there are even highlighted bands for public transport). European travelers call Abidjan "African New York" because of numerous skyscrapers and due to the fact that the city is partially located on small islands.
But to see a typical African picture of cities, you do not need to go far. Enough to go beyond the central streets: market collaps and slums are already here.
Yamusukro - the capital of the country. This city is the birthplace of the first president of independent Côte d'Ivoire, so the capital from Abidjan was moved here. Here is the largest Catholic temple in the world: the Basilica of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the World (Notre Dame de la-PE). In Yamusukro live a little more than 200 thousand people.
Population
Coordinates
De Lagun region 5,34111 x -4,02806. De Lagun region 5,41889 x -4,02056. Valle Du Bandama Region 7,68949 x -5,02177 Du Sassland region 6,87736 x -6,45022. San Pedro Du Ba-Sasandra region 4,73333 x -6,61667 Yamusukro De Lax region 6,82055 x -5,27674 De Savana region De Dix-Hort Montagnes region 7,41251 x -7,55383 Du Syd Bandam region Region du Froyager 6,12926 x -5,94371 Abengoouro Du Moire-Tsomoy region 6,72972 x -3,49639 De Lagun region 5,49583 x -4,05472. Agboville Region de La Bagneby 5,93417 x -4,22139 Grand Bassam Region du Sud-Tsomoye