What is the thermoem? This building is built using non-removable polystyrene formwork. Build a building on this technology with your own hands is simple enough. The proper use of our advice is already 100% success in construction. You can get acquainted with all the necessary actions in construction by reading this article.
Every year there are many new technologies and developments in modern construction. The method of manufacturing a non-removable formwork is included in their number. He gained popularity, because of his advantages. Not expensive, economically in time, easy to use. This method has collected many innovations in itself and meets all appropriate requirements. The strength of the design and simplicity affected the speed of construction. - This is a large designer, which is assembled in one, and the emptiness is filled with fittings and mortar. The construction of the thermodoma is impossible without using a non-removable formwork, only it is used for this type of house.
Pros and cons of non-removable formwork
Each design and each material has both positive characteristics and negative sides. To know what to work with you need to know more about them. Consider what these qualities closer. For quality work, it is necessary to take into account all the characteristic features of the non-removable formwork.
Pluses of non-removable formwork
- The shortest deadlines for the construction of walls compared to other technologies;
- Easy to perform, which reduces the time of work itself;
- The wall turns out very durable;
- Availability in price that favorably affects the financial state of the developer;
- Convenience for independent work. Such work does not require the involvement of additional construction equipment;
- Such a design will save up to 40% on heating;
- Polystyrene foam has greater resistance to aging.
Minuses
- Increased humidity in the built room, due to this disadvantage you need frequent air ventilation;
- Such material as polystyrene foam is still largely doubts about their health care;
- At temperatures above 90 degrees, it can highlight harmful substances;
Application in construction has several advantages. First of all, it is simplicity of installation. The elements of the castle compounds of the design are very easily collected, without the use of any fixing solutions. The first step is to fill the foundation, as well as at any start of construction work. For the species chosen by us, the monolithic stove is suitable. It is necessary to derive fittings from the foundation for further attachment with the walls.
It must be remembered that without waterproofing the foundation should not be done. It is necessary to protect the solution from the penetration of moisture from the soil. Laying blocks begins with alignment of all surfaces where masonry will pass.
The blocks begin to install with the corners of the building connecting them with horizontally laid reinforcing reinforcement. To pour concrete, you must lay out 2-3 rows. You need to pour concrete to a level not exceeding 50% of the upper row. Until the moment that concrete has not yet frozen its seal. The polystyrene foam blocks are sufficiently sealed with each other, which reduces the risk of flowing the poured solution into the design. For further work with door and window openings, special blocks are purchased with plugs.
Installing the first row of blocks
The formwork is removed after, in about 20-25 days. Smooth openings remain, in the future they are led by other materials. After completing the walls are separated from the outside. Most often, Siding or Blockhaus uses.
Video construction of a non-removable formwork
On the ecology of expanded polystyrene
On the eco-friendly properties of this material a lot of disputes. Styrene - substance based on which polystyrene foam is considered to be poison for the human body. The most disastrous is that with increasing temperature to +90 degrees and above, this substance begins to actively allocate toxins into the environment. However, according to MPC standards, it is fully suitable for the construction of individual housing.
The formwork is a peculiar form for the cement-sand mixture, which allows you to form the correct geometry of the walls. Builders are used both removable / temporary and unknown / constant formwork for the foundation. The second option saves strength and time on dismantling work, as well as insulate and / or strengthen the walls, so it is increasingly used not only in industrial, but also in private construction.
Basic requirements for the base formwork for foundation
Consider what properties must have a waving formwork.
- Moisture resistant material and seamlessness of seams. In the absence of this characteristic, the formwork will skip concrete, which will result in the reservoir of the mixture and make it impossible to structure the wall.
- Constructive strength. This is necessary that the formwork can withstand the pressure of the concrete mixture from the inside and the ground outside (at the foundation level) without deformation and cracking.
- Proper geometry of elements. From blocks of different thickness or with irregular angles it would be impossible to build smooth walls and 90-degree joints between them.
- Long period of operation. The longer the formwork is potentially capable, the higher the probability of the long life of the whole house. If the formwork collapses quickly, the remaining walls without supporting the walls may not bear the structural loads. In cases where the formwork does not have carriage properties, its destruction will lead to a worsening of the appearance due to the decrease in the decorative finish of the facade.
Unabotable formwork - an important element of an energy efficient home
Table: Advantages and disadvantages of non-removable formwork
| Benefits | Minuses |
|---|---|
| Easy construction, the final result is less dependent on the skill of the workers (compared to the self-made removable formwork). | In homes with a non-coated formwork often observed increased humidity, which forces the powerful ventilation system to equip. |
| Good heat and sound insulation (compared with brick buildings and railway plates). | The impossibility of construction in the cold season, as the large mass of concrete is badly free on low temperatures. |
| Ease of finishing work due to the smooth surface of the formwork without cracks and the thickness of the wall thickness. | The need for additional moistening of concrete in a hot period to prevent the wall cracking. |
| Reduced construction period compared to brick houses, stone, gas blocks. | Buildings with a metal reinforcement framework are necessary to ground as quickly as possible, so as not to expose people in danger of lightning damage. |
| The durability of buildings with w / b formwork - 300 years and more. | The complexity of dismantling during rework and reconstruction, especially if the reinforcement of fill with metal rods was used. |
| The technology is suitable for the construction of buildings of any area and storey, from summer houses to shopping complexes. | In case of fire, the formwork material can highlight harmful substances. |
| Minimization of construction waste (compared with construction technology with a removable formwork). | With insufficient or improper external processing of polystyrene foam blocks, water, insects, small rodents may fall into the wall. |
Metal non-removable formwork
To ensure a uniform wall thickness of the sheets of metal formwork combine metal studs
Metal formwork is one of the most expensive, therefore used mainly in industrial construction. It is made from aluminum sheets or steel with a thickness of 1-2 mm on a metal frame and connected by anchors, lining or locks. The form and number of clamps are calculated in such a way that when pouring and frozen concrete, the sheets do not begged neither into nor out.
When the formwork is made under the order for a particular structure, the manufacturer's master's masters themselves conduct a test assembly of the design and only after confirming the suitability and completeness of all parts, the order is sent to the buyer.
In the metal formwork, the most accurate geometry. The permissible deviation in the parallelism of the faces of the sheet is no more than 2 mm for 1 m length of the product.
In order to prevent the premature oxidation and the destruction of the metal due to contact with concrete and groundwater, the production of the future formwork is carefully covered with paint and lubrication. It is also often used galvanized steel, or a powder staining method is used, which forms a dense polymer film onto a sheet. But if the installation uses the welding (welding sheets to the frame or reinforcement to sheets), it will take a protective composition (lubrication, mastic, paint) to damaged place.
Powder staining of metal sheets is one of the most effective methods for their protection against corrosion
The metal is well suited for buildings with complex geometry, since thin sheets are easy to bend under any desired angle, make a rounding or arch. The finished walls are obtained very neat and smooth, if desired, they can be left without decorative finish. Architects recommend using a metal formwork in the territories with complex bulk soils.
In order to prevent the concrete concrete of the metal formwork connects especially carefully
But experts mark some drawbacks of metal formwork:
- considerable weight of steel sheets, which requires the use of special equipment;
- the need for additional thermal insulation of walls and foundation;
- lubricants of sheets easily erased and dirt workers.
Installation of aluminum sheets for wall formwork at a pair of workers
Minimize the labor costs for transportation and installing metal formwork will help aluminum sheets with the addition of silicon, which weigh much less than steel and do not require protection from the external environment.
Non-removable formwork from reinforced concrete blocks
R / w formwork blocks are recommended for large construction sites, at a minimum - a three-story private house. Since they have increased strength characteristics, in smaller buildings such a margin of safety will be superfluous. Thin-walled blocks are excellent for the arrangement of the foundation of the capital fence.
R / B formwork blocks are installed with offset
Blocks of formwork from reinforced concrete possess such advantages:
- allow to save cement-sandy solution, due to the considerable thickness of the wall;
- suitable for the construction of basements of any depth, as well as inter-storey overlaps;
- mounted with minimal widths of seams;
- provide the service life of a building a few hundred years.
The best formwork is obtained from the railway blocks with indicators F75 (frost resistance), W4 (water permeability), 6% (water absorption), 350 kg / cm 2 (mechanical strength).
An example of the location of the reinforcement in the formwork from the R / B blocks designed for two rods
Of the shortcomings of the blocks from the railway allocate:
- large weight (block 510x400x235 mm weighs 30 kg), due to which only trucks are transported, and only workers with a crane are mounted;
- high price - about 500 rubles per unit.
There are no such flaws in ceramzite concrete blocks. Providing high strength of the walls, these analogues of the blocks still do not require insulation of the house, as there are already insulation in their composition - ceramzite.
Fathers non-removable formwork
For formwork, moisture-resistant plywood is most often used, but even in this case, this material is usually used to create a temporary form. After all, the service life and the weather resistance of the laminated plywood sheet is an order of magnitude lower than the same parameters of the concrete wall.
Permanent plywood formwork is permissible in such cases:
- in the manufacture of a temporary structure (for example, a small house in which the owner lives during the construction period of the main house);
- when building non-residential buildings (chicken coop, barn, wood warehouse);
- when it is necessary to save maximize on construction;
- if the walls and foundations are insulated along the external contour and plywood will be completely protected from external influences.
In addition to questionable durability and strength, plywood formwork will require large labor and careful circulation. Since there are no groove-crease systems and special compounds in the sheets, it will have to collect the design on the self-tapping screw, to additionally seal each joint and make an external fit with the backups (so that the plywood has rushed). To all of the time, the non-desarmed plywood will swell and get out of water, and laminated - repels the concrete mix and never forms a monolithic wall with it, so it is very important to find a waterproof material with good adhesion.
Technoblock - an example of successful use of plywood in formwork
Designation in the picture:
- 1 - decorative facing layer;
- 2 - layer of insulation;
- 3 - plastic supports for fittings;
- 4 - concrete fill (in the block for it there is a cavity);
- 5 - plywood sheet.
As a result, despite the low cost and environmental friendliness of plywood, experts recommend using it only for temporary formwork. For a constant, it is better to use technoblock - a composite product with an inner plywood layer.
Failure formwork from Arbolit
Arbolit is a relatively new, but already tested material. The blocks of formwork from concrete and wood chips began to do recently, but such a mixture was used to insulate floors in Soviet times. Arbolite blocks are significantly cheaper and easier for reinforced concrete, so they are actively used in individual low-rise construction.
In some models of arbolite blocks, a layer of insulation - stone wool or polyurethane foam
Compared to other types of non-removable formwork blocks from Arbolita:
- it is easy to cut tools for working with a tree, which allows you to adjust them to the desired parameters on the spot: cut the angles, make arched roundings, cut fragments for better grip walls at the corners of the building, reduce height / length;
- mounted quickly and without special equipment (1 m 2 walls are only 8 blocks);
- provide high strength, sound absorption and thermal insulation with a smaller wall thickness (compared to brick and expanded polystyrene);
- safe for the health of others, waste can be industrially recycling;
- sufficiently durable for fastening the fixtures of drain pipes and loaded elements of the facade systems (guides for siding hanging, etc.);
- not afraid of fires (withstands up to 90 minutes of open fire);
- frost resistant, suitable for regions with a harsh climate.
The disadvantage of Arbolit is its water permeability, so it is recommended to be used to build walls on the finished hydroelectric belt or slab foundation. The use of arbolite to arrange the foundation is undesirable, as it will be necessary to protect it very carefully from moisture.
An example of arbolite and brick formwork
Arbolit is produced in the form of hollow blocks and panels. In the second case, the panel serves only internal wall circuits, and external must be equipped with bricks. The cavity between the materials is poured with concrete and reeds, as using other formwork. This option is more difficult in the installation, but the finished house is obtained with warm (arbolit), beautiful (brick) and durable (fusion of the strength characteristics of three materials).
When buying blocks and plates from Arbolit, pay attention to ECO-marking, as some manufacturers use bindling substances harmful to health (phenol, naphthalene). Be careful, toxins plasticizers can stand out from the material even at room temperature.
Manufacturers of arbite blocks for formwork offer options for both high-rise buildings and small buildings. Be sure to consult with a consultant, so as not to spend extra money on concrete to fill thin-walled blocks or not take erroneously blocks with too small voids.
Non-removable formwork from CSP
CSP (cement-chip) or oprob concrete is another variation of a mixture of cement and grinding wood. It differs from the arbolit type of the binder component and the addition of sand. Therefore, DSP is a more dense, durable and heavy material, and he is worse heavier than that of Arbolit.
Cement-chipboard can serve as a finishing material when covered with decorative mineral crumbs
Among the advantages of arbolite formwork:
- the material breathes, so the house does not need to equip forced ventilation and fight the effect of the greenhouse in other ways;
- CSP is able to withstand fires, its fire resistance is confirmed by laboratory studies;
- the stove consists of natural materials, so it does not harm nature and health;
- it gives the house high strength: with a thickness of 25 cm, the wall is able to withstand three years of load than the brick wall of the same thickness;
- CSP is resistant to sharp temperature drops, so suitable for regions with a sharp continental climate;
- the material has sufficiency resistant and geometric stability so that the distance between the ceilings can be 2.8-3 m;
- build houses with the use of cement-chipboard can be even winter until the temperature dropped below -20 o C;
- CSP requires minimal finish, it can be painted inside the house or shine without spacing.
An example of creating a reinforced formwork foundation from cement-chipboard
European builders use a non-replaceable formwork from the CSP for more than 25 years, so there are many houses that confirm the durability and reliability of this material. Cement-chipsticks are well suited for individual, and for multi-storey buildings, even in the harsh northern climate.
Non-removable formwork from the proflist
A profiled sheet, a professionalist or professional flooring found its use and as a non-coordinate formwork, although it is much more often used for the manufacture of fences, roofs, hozpostroops. Important: Professional property is suitable only for the arrangement of composite plates of inter-storey overlaps and with large fleaves (from 5 m) requires additional temporary supports. For the construction of the walls, this material is not used due to a small thickness, which reduces its resistance to mechanical loads in a vertical position.
Example of overlap design with base of profiled sheet
Formwork builders from this material attracts such features:
- metal is fully protected by galvanized and / or polymer layer, so it does not rust;
- in industrial buildings, the material can be left without decorative trim, the ceiling is visually pleasant and practical;
- professor performs not only the function of the form for concrete, but also serves as a sheet fittings;
- professional flooring transfers the load on the metal frame of the building, so the inner walls do not carry heavy loads and the ability to save, building them from light materials (aerated concrete, sandwich panels);
- sheets of small thickness are simply cut by metal scissors, of which you can create a formwork of any form.
To provide a good clutch with concrete, choose special professional clothes for formwork.
This looks like an inter-storey overlap based on a corrugated flooring from the inside of the building
The unbalanced formwork from the professional foot is used mainly in industrial construction, as it requires the construction of a metal frame building and metal beams of overlapping. For an individual house, it will not suit, as it will be unnecessarily dear.
Unbalanced polystyrene formwork
Polystyrene foam / foam is the most popular material for the non-co-formwork. His demand is explained by such factors as:
- low weight that causes ease of transportation;
- groove-comb compound system for maximum installation;
- the speed of laying (foam blocks of the unloading formwork are larger than concrete, so the work is moving faster);
- a variety of species (reinforced, with protective impregnations);
- thermal insulation properties, thanks to which the house does not need additional insulation;
- soundproofing;
- biological inertness that prevents the development of mold, moss, etc.
Examples of polyurethane foam formwork blocks of different configurations
Opponents of polystyrene foam formwork indicate its danger in a fire and a low degree of environmental friendliness. Even if you buy materials with ECO marking, it does not guarantee that the formwork will not harm your health or nature.
It is also important to keep in mind that the foam formwork will become a good choice for the buildings of a simple form, since the range of angular and rounded blocks does not yet allow to satisfy all consumer requests.
Unbalanted formwork from glass champion
Glass adolescent sheets or samples are used as a permanent formwork from the middle of the 20th century in order to build heat-insulated houses. The material consists of a mixture of oxide and magnesium chloride, perlite, sawdust, fiberglass and polypropylene tissue. Not all components of glass chain natural, but the finished composition is completely safe for people.
Different variants of glass adolescent sheets with decorative trim
CML - a great option for building or reconstructing a house with a weak foundation. Since the sheets themselves and the lung concrete mixes used for the fill are much less bricks, railway blocks and other traditional materials, they do not load the construction of the construction.
Among the advantages of glass champion:
- multifunctionality: It is suitable for creating foundations, walls, overlaps, fences, etc.;
- high thermal insulation, which is associated not only with the properties of the formwork itself, but also with the advantages of the aggregate (fibropenobetone of the D250-D320 brand, concrete with polystyrene foam balls M300);
- refractory;
- full moisture resistance, which makes the material suitable for building a bath and saunas, use in areas with a wet climate and in wetlands;
- a small thickness of the walls with a formwork from the CML will save space inside the house;
- the rough surface of the sheets is easy to bind with clinker tiles, decorative plaster or any other finishing material;
- the sheet can be slightly bend, if necessary, for the structure of a semi-breaker or other home decoration (the radius of curvature is 3 m).
If you plan to color the slabs in place, buy spare saws for the jig. This material flashes the saws several times faster than arbolit and plywood.
The glass adhesive sheets will come to the yard at all stages of the construction of the house
The glass edge of the sheets, as well as arbine, often form only the inner contour of the formwork, the external most often is built out of decorative bricks. As a result, the outer finish turns out to be unnecessary, and inside will be quite thin layer of putty. Technology Suitable for building houses up to 5 floors on finished tape / slab foundation. In addition, it requires more time and effort than the use of polystyrene formwork or DSP (excluding decorative trim).
The glass chain sheets are still produced only in China and Korea, the quality of the quality of the CML is also carried out. There is no domestic analogs to this material.
Installation instructions for fixed formwork from finished blocks
The technology of the foundation device from finished hollow blocks will look at the example of light concrete products. Unlike w / b blocks for high-rise buildings, these "bricks" can be installed with hands without a crane and manipulator.
- Prepare a pillow under block foundation, falling asleep and tamping the layers of sand and small rubble. On top of the pillow, pour a thin screed to simplify the further laying of the blocks, as well as avoid the leakage of concrete when filling the foundation.
Sand-gravel pillow before assembly is required to shed thin layer of concrete
- Tension along the trench threads and put the first layer of blocks on the pillow, trying not to deviate from this guide. Mount it is necessary so that the gap between the elements is minimal. If during the trench, the gap increases significantly, the reason may wage in the irregularity of the pillow. In this case, the row need to disassemble and make a more even base.
Thanks to the correct geometry of the foundation tape blocks, it turns out even and clear
- Connections between the walls should be provided by special blocks a little longer length. If there are no, in universal blocks it should be deepened, as in the picture. This will ensure the reliable adhesion of the perpendicular tape of the foundation.
At the joints of the internal and external walls you need to put special angular blocks
- Place the blocks of metal or fiberglass fittings in the slots. For low-rise construction, there are enough two parallel branches, but it can be placed three if necessary.
The blocks provide special grooves for reinforcing rods
- In the joints of the junction of the rods should be overlooked so that the length of the free end is at least 2 cm.
Pay attention to the location of the upper and lower rods in relation to each other, they must form the right square
- When the length of the rod turns out not enough, it can be increasing, toning the new rod with a special thin wire. It is advisable to make 2-3 dressings on different sections of the rehearse.
Rearing the reinforcement with a turn of 15-20 cm
- Install the second row of concrete blocks exactly over the first. Do not even allow small deviations, if necessary, hang the position of the block of the Cyans.
We establish the second series of hollow blocks over the first
- Fill the prepared formwork with liquid cement-sandy solution so that the level of concrete does not reach the grooves for fittings.
The level of concrete should be slightly higher than the middle of the top row of blocks
- While concrete began to dry, try to drive out the surplus of the air, the spanning space inside the formwork by reinforcement rod movements from top to bottom. After that, put the reinforcement vertically, especially carefully strengthening the external angles and joints of the walls.
Vertical reinforcement bars can be installed in a distance at a distance of 1.5 m from each other
- After drying the concrete, proceed to building the foundation. Install and tie the reinforcement, mount two new rows of blocks and fill the formwork with concrete. Continue as long as the foundation does not reach the height you need.
New fittings are installed on top of a concrete screed
- The last number of foundation blocks is poured before the formation of a smooth horizontal surface. While concrete does not dry it can be fired with a small board or a long smolder for plaster.
Foundation is ready for the construction of the walls of the future house
The foundation from concrete hollow blocks for a private house according to the described technology is mounted by two employees in 2-3 days, taking into account the time to set the concrete of the first layers.
Comparison of the cost of creating a foundation from full and hollow w / b blocks and monolithic with a temporary formwork
Comparison shows that the foundation from the hollow concrete blocks costs 18% cheaper than from the full and 36% cheaper than the ribbon monolith, filled with a temporary wooden formwork. This is achieved at the expense of savings on the number of fittings, reducing labor, the number of concrete, etc. But to build walls from railway blocks will be too expensive (compared to polyurethane foam, arbolite), it is better to use it only for the foundation.
Making a non-removable formwork with your own hands
Consider the process of creating a non-discontinuous formwork from sheet materials with independent discoloration on an example of EPPS (extruded polystyrene foam).
- Displays the sheets on fragments corresponding to the width and length of the rambling trench. From the remains, pick up the strips for the side 20-25 cm high. The total length of the sides must correspond to the double perimeter of the trench + 20% on the turn in the angular points.
Coloring sheets of polystyrene foam can not only with power tools, but also by hand hacksaw
- Spread sheets into the trench so that the sides stood on the Epps layer and did not touch the Earth. Fasten the sheets in the corners, pushing the material with plastic screeds of the SVT system.
Placeing Epps Sheets in Trench Try to minimize the gaps
- Set between the vertical sheets of half the plastic screeds and secure them with each other. If the system declines insufficiently tightly, compound compounds with pliers.
Plastic ties are easily installed manually
- Install the reinforcement bar above and under the horizontal screeds. So that the metal was in the thickness of the concrete, to put the pieces of polystyrene foam. Special grooves on plastic screeds will help to keep the same distance between the rods of reinforcement throughout the foundation.
For reinforcement, both metal and fiberglass reinforcement rods will fit
- Tie the rods with a thin wire, folded 2-3 times. In the same way, the reinforcement can be tested to plastic screed.
Installed reinforcing rods need to be tied with thin wire, welding is unacceptable
- Increase the foundation with whole EPPS sheets, pre-attaching the narrow bands of the same material with the help of plastic locks. Place the prepared sheets as shown in the figure. When installing, pay attention to the location of the grooves and crests on the sheet.
We begin to increase the height of the foundation
- Attach the vertical sheets to each other with the screeds, set and encourage the reinforcement according to the technology described above. There should be at least two plastic reinforcement belts, approximately at a distance of 10 cm from the top and bottom edge of the sheet.
Plastic struts between the plates are installed in the same way
- Secure the locking record on sharp tips on the sharp tips and cut the tips that remain free.
Sticking tails screeds easily cut with nipples
- Fill the reinforced formwork with cement-sandy solution. To prepare concrete, you can use your own concrete mixer, but the solution will need a lot. If you doubt that you can pour all the foundation per day, it is better to use the services of industrial tank-concise mixers.
Fill with concrete Ready foundation
- Remove air bubbles with a building vibrator and align the surface of the concrete. In this case, it is impossible to drive out the air reinforcement rod in this case, since the metal will damage the formwork, easily pushing the EPPS sheet.
The upper plane of the concrete layer must be at the level of the outer layer of formwork
After complete frosting of the foundation concrete, you can continue to fill the walls by the same technology, but such a foundation can be used with other materials.
Video: House construction technology with a broken blocking formwork
Having preferred one of the variants of the broken formwork, take into account not only your financial capabilities and labor costs, but also the purpose. For example, in zones with swamp soil, it is not necessary to use blocks based on wood chips, and in the cold regions it is worth paying attention to the material with a minimum thermal conductivity coefficient. In this case, you can quickly build a warm house without unnecessary financial costs.
If you want to quickly, to build a house in the suburbs, our builders will come to your aid. By modest rates, in accordance with the calculation of the monoliths in the short warm season will be erected on your land plot any home (or another structure). Services are provided by specialists who have passed special training.
The cost of building a house using a fixed turnkey formwork for 1 m2 - 22,000 rubles. with materials.
Failure Mounting Technology
The construction technologies by the method of non-removable formwork were distributed abroad 15 years ago. In Russia, it began to master it much later. The idea of \u200b\u200bwork is that there is no need for additional work of masonry to remove formwork after solidification of monolithic walls.
The formwork serves not only the frame, but also thermal insulation, and sometimes the outer veneal of the walls. The device of a non-removable formwork does not require additional reinforcement: the reinforcement is placed in blocks in the factory.
Mounting non-removable formwork technology. Separate blocks are joined among themselves through the simplest lock connections by advanced perimeters. The fill with the fixed formwork concrete occurs.
In the presence of a high-quality solution, the construction of the walls of the house at the brigade of the four workers will take no more than two weeks. For the successful construction of the walls and the device of partitions from a non-removable formwork, the most important thing is to carefully prepare the bed (the surface of the foundation or overlap from the monolith), accurately remove the horizontality along the walls of the walls. The surface should be perfectly smooth to avoid waterproofing breaks.
How to build a house in such a way that it is not great to grow on materials and keep high quality performance? The construction of the walls of the non-removable formwork house is an excellent solution for those who are not afraid of experiments and monitors new products in the world of building technologies.
Here are just a few key advantages of this type of construction:
- Easy to work and saving time. The wall mounting resembles a children's designer: the main guide blocks are set, which in the grooves the next level of blocks is set and so until a complete set of the required height.
- High mechanical strength, resistance to possible adverse natural phenomena (earthquake, landslides, etc.). Inside the design of blocks and in the corners, fittings fit, the design is poured by a high-strength cement solution, due to which a holistic monolithic wall with a high resistance threshold and stability is created.
- Does not require additional insulation and noise insulation. Due to the fact that the polystyrene foam itself is thermally insulating and soundproofing material, the walls of the house perfectly retain heat, "breathe" and do not muffle noise.
- Savings on heating devices and heating accounts. It has been proven: a non-removable construction house has better energy-saving properties than a house with walls from masonry in two bricks (an average of 30%).
- The material is not subject to attacks fungus and mold.
- Ideally give in to any processing, due to which it is possible to use almost any finishing materials for both facades of buildings and internal finish.
- Qualitative performance characteristics are preserved for years, and the service life of the object is unlimited.
If you are interested in a proposal in effect on the territory of the Moscow region, contact our experts, find out how much non-removable formwork and the total cost of work.
Failure formwork is a special design. Technology of construction of houses with its use, today has been quite widespread, and this is not by chance. Practice showed that non-discharge house - This is one of the most affordable types of construction of own housing, which is distinguished by the reliability, efficiency and simplicity of the construction of the entire design - to build a house on this technology is comparable to the designer assembly process.
The essence of the technology consists in collecting a single design, that is, the pre-installed blocks with special voids are collected in the grooves, fittings are laid on the jumpers. Next, all cavities are flooded with a high grade grade cement. Thus, as a result, a monolithic w / b is a wall insulated by polystyrene foam.
Construction of a non-removable formwork gives a result of a durable structure that does not require additional insulation. Fast, economically, and most importantly - inexpensive.
The price of building a private house from a non-removable formwork ranges from 13,600 rubles per m 2
Stages of construction of a non-removable formwork
Briefly consider the main stages of the construction of a non-removable formwork house. Total six main stages:
1. Choosing a project - The most important stage, as the house is not built for one year, then the choice of layout and auxiliary factors should be approached very responsibly. Despite the fact that the construction of a non-removable formwork allows you to build houses up to 16 floors, it was the largest spread of low-rise buildings. Since polystyrene foam can be easily handled, you can get almost any design. This makes it possible to build complex architectural forms of non-removable formwork. A non-removable formwork house can have various configurations, almost any layout and includes the possibility of redevelopment, for example, adding some elements.
2. Construction of foundation. The type of this design is determined by the features of the construction of the house, the characteristics of the local soil, the level of groundwater and other factors. A non-removable formwork house can be erected on a tape, columnar and precast concrete foundation base. The greatest distribution received a ribbon foundation as the most simple and reliable design. The depth of the foundation layout is approximately one and a half meters below the level of primerization of the soil. This requires a solid earthwork, which increases the cost of construction from a non-removable formwork. If you wish to save, you can equip the foundation base without the basement. Savings will be 15% of the total exhibition value, the prefabricated construction of the basement of the foundation is used. For this type of house, it is necessary to conduct waterproofing.
3. After the foundation is ready, you can proceed to construction of walls. Note that this process as simple as possible and includes three main cycles:
- - installation of blocks;
- - reinforcement;
- - cementing.
The first row is attached to the foundation by vertical fittings. Further, on the project of the house begin to lay the rods of the rods along the horizontal level. The same rods by twist will be connected to vertical reinforcement. The second number of blocks is stacked by overlapping, which will create a solid and reliable design. Cementing is performed every two rows of blocks. Since the polystyrene foam has a high thermal resistance coefficient, the walls can be obtained quite thin, and the additional insulation does not need. On the material there will be significant savings.
4. Stage communication Includes a number of processes that are directly related to previous. The project initially laid the schemes for conducting communications to the house, and during the construction of the foundation, and during the construction of walls these facts must be taken into account. Summing up water and gas pipes, electrical cabbages and other communication elements are carried out in conjunction with the construction of walls where special inputs are equipped. All major communications can be laid inside the formwork - no adjustment of boxes.
5. Stage exterior decoration We are needed, since polystyrene foam blocks have an inesttic appearance. For an external decoration, you can choose almost any material, such as siding, natural stone, plastering decorative species and many others - everything is limited to fantasy and financial capabilities.
6. Interior decoration - The process is long and requiring financial costs. It is also determined by the financial capabilities of the owner of the house. The smooth surface of the blocks allows you to significantly save on some finishing works. Walls can be plastered, painted or salary wallpaper. The finish type is selected from its own preferences.
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Features of uncoiling formwork houses
So, we have already found out: what major stages include the construction of non-removable formwork. The main process includes the construction of walls.. This makes strictly according to a certain technology. The basic principle of masonry is the displacement of each new row. The compound of polystyrene foam blocks is carried out with a small nagged on the edges, due to which special locks between them are connected tightly and securely. It is worth noting that the most important is the third row, which serves as a control rate for aligning blocks along vertical seams. After the formwork is constructed, the void cementing is produced.
Pouring concrete In a non-removable formwork has its own characteristics. Start cementing stands with corners, moving to the center. This will help avoid the formation of air bubbles. The monolithic design should be very durable. To achieve this result, it is desirable to use concrete of a strength grade of at least M200. For additional strength, gravel filling is used by the gravel fraction not more than 20. The entire fill is made with a concrete pump. Also, the construction of a non-removable formwork includes a pin - this is the process of compaction of concrete (it is also carried out to remove air bubbles and more uniform laying of layers). The solution is poured no more than two or three rows, while the surface is not aligned. This is necessary in order for the new layer better to close with the previous one. Note that the construction of simple walls and walls that have complex structural elements or protrusions, it is elected equally quickly. The laboriousness does not change, while the finished house from the non-removable formwork will have any desired configuration.
Construction of a non-removable formwork cottage Allows you to achieve significant savings in further operation. Since its heating does not require significant costs, then expenses will be significantly reduced. This is due to the properties of polystyrene, the material perfectly retains heat. Note that when saving and on materials, and at home heating, the house will have a greater inner area, because the walls are thinner than a brick or other house. That is why the technology of non-removable formwork is gaining increasing popularity. The effectiveness of the formwork justified itself from a practical point of view, while the process does not include dismantling formwork - the whole design is fully monolithic. It is this fact that defines all properties of a non-removable formwork.
This technology is the most promising direction. In fact, it is the rapid construction of the house. During the construction, a special tool will be required, quite ordinary saws, knives, shovel and tanks for concrete kneading. Since blocks are very light, the walls can be erected quite independently. However, it is not worth doing this, since the knowledge of the process is still necessary. Some unaccounted nuances can lead to deposits. It is best if the house will build professionals, the receiving housing will serve you not one decade.
Construction of a non-removable formwork - This is a reliable and fast way to get a modern, beautiful and economical house. The cost of such a house is much less than that of the brick. The floors of your home may be any, as the polystyrene foam blocks allow you to get a fairly high home. If necessary, the house can be equipped with: terrace, attic, any complex architectural elements, such as Erker and many other elements. The house from a non-removable formwork can be reconstructed and improved, for example, attach a terrace.
Benefits of non-removable formwork
So, we found out: that the technology of non-removable formwork is quite simple and does not require capital investments. We indicate some positive aspects of this technology.
The main advantage - This is the rapid construction of the house. In just 5 days you can fully build the wall! Such results for other technologies are unlikely to succeed. Despite the fact that polystyrene foam blocks have a very large size, their weight is relatively small. Due to this, the process of the construction of walls is simplified as much as possible.
Next, you can note the high variation of the wall configuration. The polystyrene foam blocks can be easily processed, while some non-standard elements are already coming from the factory. This allows you to create any individual project at home under your needs. You can consider additional utility rooms or bathrooms. In addition, you can choose different options for overlaps, that is, it is not necessary to make a monolithic overlap, for example, you can equip either a wooden or precast floor, and reinforced concrete beams are also suitable.
We highlight a number of advantages:
- - Low thermal conductivity of walls. Home heating do not require significant costs;
- - polystyrene foam blocks do not absorb moisture and possess high vapor insulation properties - such a house "breathes";
- - high sound and noise insulating properties make the house comfortable and protected;
- - concrete, which covered the walls, is a symbol of strength, reliability and durability;
- - the unlimitedness of architectural and other decisions used in the construction of the house, allow you to realize the most bold ideas and fantasies;
- - Stiffness and strength of the structure, which over time gives a minimal drawdown. The load is uniformly distributed to the foundation base.
- - Lifetime at least 100 years old!
This is only a small number of advantages that are inherent in construction from a non-removable formwork. It can also be noted that houses of this type of seismic resistant. Operational properties are characterized by the structure of the framework, where there is no void, nor "cold bridges". In addition, the formwork is a rack to aging and wear, to the temperature differences and other weather effects. In general, the construction of the house has a short time, since the construction scheme is clear and spent, has long established itself in practice. Each stage includes savings: monolithic walls are lighter than brick, so a solid foundation is not required; Walls are obtained immediately insulated; Since the walls have proper geometry, they will not need to align.
Disadvantages of non-removable formwork
During the construction of a non-removable formwork, a sufficiently much attention is required to prepare a concrete mix. It must have a homogeneous mass. Additionally, you will have to check the storage brand. If you choose a low-quality concrete, then the walls will subsequently be less durable. It is also necessary to track the correctness of the laying of reinforcement.
Basic difficulty When erecting walls from a non-removable formwork is a high-quality seal of concrete mix. If these works are produced poorly, "shells" can be formed in the wall, which will also affect the strength of the finished design. This is unacceptable, as this will lead to the "swimming" effect. The last row of masonry requires special attention and professional approach. The whole load from the roof will be perceived by this. It is important to highlight the walls as vertically and straight. The construction of non-removable formwork requires the arrangement of forests and special fasteners, which cause the verticality of the walls and will provide direct access to height. It is hardly possible to fulfill this. No one is needed by the curve, so it is necessary that the construction is carried out only by professionals in this area.
When the walls are erected, as we noted above, special tools are not required, but some elements, if they are competently applied during construction, are aimed at accelerating and simplifying the process. There is a difficulty and in the arrangement of door and window openings, as well as angular openings, when performing erkers and other architectural forms. In this case, the professional approach of specialists is also required.
It is worth noting that the level of walls directly depends on the level of the foundation. If the foundation is made poorly, then the walls "float". If the walls are obtained uneven, then it is impossible to compensate for the thickness defect of the thickness of the solution - the house will have to dismantle to the foundation level and rebuild again. It is very consistent and in time, and for money. Wall modules sometimes additionally glue to achieve the desired strength. It also makes adjustments to the expenditure article.
As for the environmental material of the material, it cannot be called one hundred percent, since the liquid glass has its drawbacks. This requires the construction of mandatory ventilation in the house. Also from disadvantages can be noted, the mandatory exterior wall decoration.
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We reviewed the features of the construction of a non-removable formwork, its advantages and disadvantages of this technology. All this leads us to the conclusion: a reliable brigade is needed, a quality project and solving other problems.
The company "Art Stroy Design" is ready for you to provide a set of services quickly, affordable and inexpensive. The accumulated experience allows us to give warranties on all stages of construction. We employ only highly qualified specialists, which also acts for you an additional guarantor. All details can be found on our phones.
Wooden or brick houses rightly have an army of fans. But with all the advantages, they have one very significant minus - they will not call them rapidly. Those who thought about the construction of their own home, but at the same time does not have enough time in the reserve and can not boast of great knowledge in construction, it remains to choose a monolithic way to build housing. In the article, we will talk about the houses from a non-removable formwork.
In order to perform the fill of the foundation and walls of such a house, formwork is used. It can be removable (that is, dismantled after the end of the work) or non-removable. The second option remains on the spot after filling and rejection of the solution, and all external finishing works are carried out right over the formwork.
Non-removable formwork
- Formwork is nothing but a form. You can recall your children's games in the sandbox or present the hostess fueling the dough for cakes in special baking tanks. Only in contrast to the examples given, the form will remain in place, becoming part of the wall or foundation.
Non-removable formwork houses
- Failure formwork is going on the principle of a children's designer from blocks that have a different composition. The principle of installation resembles brickwork. Design elements have grooves or special locking types.
- If necessary, copp the opposite blocks apply screeds. Be sure to use vertical reinforcement, and that the structure has withstand the pressure rendered to it from the inside with a solution, the fill is carried out by series. In each of the occasions, cement is filled with a height equal to three or four rows of blocks.
- Formwork elements are made of polystyrene or some other materials that contribute to thermal insulation.
Pluses of the use of non-removable formwork
- Monolithic structures are durable by themselves. The left formwork creates an additional frame, enhancing the walls of the future at home.
- Monolithic walls less pressure on the baseTherefore, developing projects of houses from a non-removable formwork, you can calculate the option with an increase in the floor of the house.
- Sound and heat insulation housing. Foamed polystyrene is a wonderful material for the insulation of residential premises, and its characteristics are complemented by the fact that it perfectly extinguishes sounds. The construction of a non-removable formwork is one of its kind simultaneous work on insulation and sound insulation.
- Less time - less labor. Save when building your own housing is needed with the mind. Rent of expensive construction equipment will be crossed out of the estimate of the monolithic house. Yes, and voluntary or hired workers do not need much. The fill process is fast. So, overpay the workers for the unnecessary time of staying at the site also does not have to.
- Saving places. Free space even inside private houses, designed by personal projects, never happens. The monolithic walls are thinner brick, but they protect their owners from the cold no worse, and the place inside is saved to a large extent.
- Continuing the conversation about savings, you need to say that a non-removable formwork will allow not to overpay for heating when operating at home.
- Durability. If technology adhere to the technologies, the walls formed by polystyrene blocks and concrete will serve at least a century.
- Easy finish. Blocks create a good smooth surface of the walls, which makes it possible to carry out their finishing finish and on the side of the street without effort and unnecessary costs for leveling grounds.
What happens a non-removable formwork
Polystyrene blocks for fixing unbeatting formwork
- These are hollow elements with walls of different thickness. The outer side of the material is much more internal - it is she will be responsible for maintaining heat in the house. The blocks themselves are strong enough to keep the lined solution, nonhygroscopic and are available at a price.
- Assembly in the form of brickwork adds structural strengths, and reinforcement will give the extra rigidity of the wall. Pruts of reinforcement, located vertically, are connected by Vangest. It is important to choose its diameter correctly, like the brand of concrete.
- Communications, including wiring, are laid through a hole pre-cut in blocks. All work must be completed before the fill. At the output, a kind of sandwich is obtained, where the "filling" from the reinforced concrete is concluded between the layers of isolation.
- Opponents of polystyolistorol focus on the fact that this material is non-environmental. But it is rather a matter of choosing a manufacturer. Made in all standards and rules foamed polystyrene does not pose a threat to health. It suggests that the picky European commissions and expertise allowed to use this synthetic material in conjunction with food. Therefore, making the procurement of the material, it is worth familiar with the certificates of quality and not chase for dubious money benefits.
- But with vapor permeability of expanded polystyrene, things really are bad. But the problems will not arise if we think well the ventilation system.
- It is vapor permanently because it is created on the basis of cement. Stop blocks will have to have a special glue, binding the reinforcement and then pour. For strength, they exceed the formwork from foamed polystyrene.
- Blocks on a cement basis differ to the same large variety. So there are masonry blocks for bearing walls produced in several sizes and modifications, separately you can purchase elements for formworking columns, vertical or beams of overlapping, jumpers or strapping belts.
- This invention of the Netherlands developers. They are known since the 30s of the XX century. For their production, large chips of the wood of coniferous rocks are used (it is about 80-90% of the total composition of the material). Slips are processed by special additives and fasten with a mixture of plaster, cement clinker and some more additives (portland cement).
- Advantages, in addition to environmental friendliness, are obvious:
- high strength on the background of low weight;
- vapor permeability;
- heat and sound insulation properties;
- resistance to atmospheric influences;
- frost resistance.
- Fire safety is achieved through special processing, and rotting, mold and pests such blocks are also not afraid. They are easily cutting and handling. When building a formwork, the plates put a friend opposite each other and fasten with wire ties. They do not just connect the elements of the design, but also do not allow the wall to deviate from the vertical. Material dimensions Standard: 2000 × 500 × 35 mm.
- They found other uses: often scrap - cement plates are used for the insulation of facades or for the construction of small panel houses in the country designed for accommodation in the summer.
- It will have to reinforce the design. Strengthening will require jumpers of window and door openings, columns. And the walls themselves are reinforced with a significant gap of 2.5 or 3 meters (for formwork from polystyrene foam blocks the interval is 1 meter). In one approach, the mixture is poured, moving around the perimeter, to the height of the meter (two rows). Complied with a puffed concrete by plug.
- Since the first version of the material for a non-removable formwork is much more common, then as an example, it is worth considering the technology of the construction of polystyrene foam blocks.
Construction of houses from non-removable formwork do it yourself
So, there is a foundation made by the most suitable method for this soil. Most often is a ribbon base. In any case, it is first coated with a layer of waterproofing material, and reinforcement rods are driven.
- The blocks neatly ride on the reinforcement, fasten with each other in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations (wire ties). Start with angular elements. Between them it is convenient to pull the cord to ensure that it is laid out the rest of the blocks in the row. At the ends of the material there are ridges and grooves. This type of connection will hold all parts of the formwork on the spot. The first layer is the basis of the future building. At this stage, the internal partitions are laid, the openings of the input groups. All engineering communications are formed immediately. Constructive feature of blocks (internal voids) allows you to hide inside walls all the necessary wiring. You can not forget about ventilation.
- The second row of blocks is stacked with a displacement like bricks. Such a bandage will ensure the strength and rigidity of the structure. It is important to ensure that the sides of the stacked blocks coincide. Be sure to be checked with the level so as not to lead the wall away from the vertical. The fixation of the first and second row blocks is easy. The grooves on the surface of the elements are closed after a slight pressure.
- The laying of the third row of polystyrene foam blocks is performed similarly to the installation of the second level.
- Concrete is poured around the perimeter of the area with an elevated formwork. It is important to compact a splendous mixture. A small depth of filling with a solution allows you to use a piece of fittings for these purposes: it act as a bayonet - intensively pierced concrete to get rid of emptiness destroying air bubbles. The optimal length is calculated as follows: the height of the unit must be multiplied by 3. But the acquisition (or rental) of the depth vibrator contributes to the early performance of the work. It will most effectively cope with the problem of sealing the solution. For this, the diameter of its working part should not exceed 4 cm.
- Specialists advise not to pour the top layer of blocks to the very end. If you fill in half the extreme row, the seam will be hidden inside the polystyrene elements of the formwork. So the wall will turn out to be stronger. On one m², it will be necessary to pour from 0.075 to 0.125 m³ of solution.
Masonry fourth and subsequent rows
- Laying blocks in subsequent rows has the same algorithm that was described. After the sixth row will take their place - the operation of the fill of concrete is repeated. Formwork overlaps to spend better by enhancing the support of specialists. Technology is as follows. In that row of blocks where the beams of overlapping (or lags of the floor) is planned to be laid out of the desired size. The cut fragment should not exceed the part from the formwork element. Now the beams are installed into place, and the fill is made.
- The finish of the house from a non-removable formwork is quite simple. Due to the high adhesion of the blocks to the plaster mix, it will fall smoothly and easily. Roofing works in monolithic houses are no different from the construction of the roof in the buildings built on another technology.
What can you make a non-removable formwork for the foundation?
If the home master gets the strength to be accurate, neat and consistent in its actions, then it can make a fixed form for the foundation himself. It will be necessary to choose from several options for a suitable material:
- moisture-resistant plywood,
- cement-chipboard
- flat slate.
All of them are strong enough, resistant to moisture, elastic. The only figure that these materials do not have - heat dissipation. Therefore, it is additionally necessary to purchase something to ensure heat (for example, Minvatu). It still takes a waterproofing material, fittings, components for cement-sand mixture, a set of tie screws and nuts for fixing the structural elements.
Cost of construction of a non-removable formwork
- The cost of the monolithic house of non-removable formwork is much lower than the brick or wooden housing option.
- The price of materials will be varied depending on the region and the manufacturer, but on average per m² formwork from polystyrene blocks will have to pay from 800 to 1000 rubles.
- All manufacturers and sellers freely count the total cost of formwork, and there are calculators on official sites for accurate counts.
Failure house: Building technology, Construction portal
Construction of houses Wooden or brick houses rightly have an army of fans. But with all the advantages, they have one very significant minus - their erection will not be