Pyrethrum - "Persian chamomile", a plant known to many growers. Even a novice amateur can plant it on a garden plot, it is unpretentious and requires minimal maintenance, and it blooms for a long time and beautifully. To date, about a hundred varieties have been bred, among which you can find both modest white daisies and spectacular red flowers.
Description
Each variety of pyrethrum has its own distinctive characteristics. But there are also common features inherent in the entire species.
Most members of the family are herbaceous perennials that densely fill a flower bed or plot of land, forming flower bushes. The stem height can be quite high - from 30 centimeters to one meter. The stem is strong, erect, ascending, branched or drooping, light green to dark green in color. At the base, it is strewn with leaves, which are long and wide at the root, and closer to the inflorescence are small and narrow. On the stem, the leaves are arranged in a regular order.
The leaf shape is complex, pinnately dissected, that is, it consists of a different number of narrow segments. There are binary, ternary and multiple slicing.
The inflorescences themselves can be small, like a field chamomile (3-5 cm in diameter), and quite large (from 5 to 8 cm). Separately, it is worth highlighting the large-flowered varieties, where the diameter of the circle formed by the leaves can exceed 8 centimeters.
The flower cores are convex, flat or with a small depression in the center, dense, have a bright yellow, light yellow or yellow-green color.
Inflorescences in splendor can resemble chrysanthemums, gerberas and asters. The tongue-shaped petals vary in color, from white to deep red. The tip of the tongue is rounded or sharp, ranging in length from a few millimeters to several centimeters, depending on the variety. Also, the variety determines the flowering time of pyrethrum - the interval from late spring to late summer.
Varieties
Despite the huge number of varieties of chamomiles, only 50 with a small number of species are widespread in the CIS, among which about a dozen are popular in the Russian climate. These include the most resistant to coolness, precipitation and lack of sunlight.
Pyrethrum ordinary
This is a Mediterranean or Caucasian distant relative of the familiar field chamomile. In appearance, it is very similar to the pharmacy chamomile: white-silvery or milky-white petals, a yellow core, a straight stem with pinnately dissected leaves. But the flowers are much larger. Tall stems up to 60cm form lush bushes that adorn front gardens and flower beds, and are suitable for cutting.
With proper care after cutting, flowers can last for up to several weeks. To do this, you need to change the water every few days and renew the clogged cut on the stem. The cut should be oblique so that it does not fit snugly against the bottom and walls of the container with water, and the flower could "drink".
Feverfew is better "grab" on the land, if you first plant it in early spring in a closed ground.
At a temperature of 15 to 24 degrees, the first shoots will appear within two weeks, then they need to be allowed to grow stronger, and only then planted in open ground.
In the first year, the plant does not bloom. In the open field, it will only give foliage no higher than 20-30 centimeters. After wintering, in the second year, flowers will appear, moreover, on different varieties at different times. Feverfew will bloom in May-June, and with good feeding it can again please the grower in July-August.
Feverfew bushes can grow quite luxuriantly. Sometimes the stems cannot withstand the weight of the inflorescences and tend to the ground, so it is better to tie up the rapidly growing greens.
Feverfew maiden or chamomile maiden
It got its name for its gentle, neat appearance and medicinal properties in the treatment of female diseases.
This is one of the most beautiful and unusual pyrethrum varieties. The bushes are rather low - up to 50 cm, erect, with branching in the upper part and dense foliage, covered with small flower heads. The inflorescences are lush, surrounded by one or two rows of short petals along the edge of a lush core, similar to a pompom chrysanthemum. Their diameter is very small - 2-3 centimeters.
The core does not have the usual look and color. It resembles a ball of tubular petals cut in half, tightly pressed against each other.
Due to its original appearance, maiden feverfew looks beautiful in bouquets with larger flowers, in lush bouquets with chrysanthemums and on its own. In a flowerbed in the garden, it will delight the eye for 4-5 weeks in the middle of summer, and in a vase it will stand up to 3 weeks.
A distinctive feature of girlish chamomile is the delicate delicate aroma of inflorescences.
Pyrethrum dalmatian or dalmatian chamomile
The name "ash-leaved pyrethrum" is also found. It is a plant that is often confused with common chamomile due to its similar appearance.
Unlike the usual appearance of a "fortune-telling" flower, Dalmatian chamomile has a brighter and larger core and shortened leaves in two rows. The inflorescence basket is located at the top of the ribbed stems. Stems and leaves are bright green or gray-green, as if dusty. The lower margin is covered with a thick layer of ash-green hairs; the leaves themselves are segmented, like all members of the family.
Dalmatian chamomile is unpretentious, it can be sown in early spring directly into fertilized soil. In the first two years, foliage and stems sprout, then the perennial begins to bloom.
Dalmatian feverfew has a specific odor that often irritates the mucous membranes and causes sneezing.
Caucasian chamomile
Also known as Caucasian feverfew and pink chamomile. In fact, these are two different species, but the identity of their properties and botanical characteristics makes them difficult to distinguish from each other.
Both plants are perennials with a branched rhizome, from which a few straight stems grow. Sparse, alternate, deeply dissected leaves are located along the entire length of the stems. At the top there are large baskets of inflorescences, consisting of bright reed petals and yellow tubular ones.
The color of the petals can be changeable from year to year. Plants bloom for 2-3 years from June to July.
Balsamic feverfew or kalufer
Popularly known as tansy... It is not grown for beauty, but for medicinal properties. In appearance, it resembles the cores of daisies without petals. Bushes of the plant are tall, branched, abundantly covered with dark green leaves.
Robinson
Pyrethrum of this variety are giants. They are distinguished by their high height - about 70-80cm, bright scarlet color of the basket, straight stem with few leaves. They bloom in large bright baskets of saturated color. All this makes Robinson Giant Red flowers look like a gerbera.
Large pyrethrum plants are planted in flower beds, flower beds and flower beds, cut to add to bouquets. You can admire this beauty from mid-June to the end of July.
Feverfew is beautiful
Plant up to 50cm high. Scarce erect stems with few leaves are crowned with a fairly large chamomile flower with a yellow-green core and one row of white ligulate flowers. They are needle-shaped or with a small linear limb.
Color spectrum
Feverfews are distinguished by a rich spectrum of shades in which the flowers are painted.
In garden plots and flower beds, there is a white, ash-leaved, pale lilac, pink, burgundy chamomile. Like a dahlia, a mixture of different colors on one flower is possible, and the pigment changes with each new bloom. These are not drastic changes, the white flower will not bloom red, but the color can change from less saturated to more saturated and vice versa.
Properties
In addition to its beautiful appearance, the plant has a number of beneficial properties in different areas.
In medicine
First of all, the plant is valued for its medicinal qualities. At the same time, there are not only recipes for traditional medicine, but also medications produced in laboratories. From different parts of this chamomile get:
- Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs... In their effect, tinctures and decoctions from the leaves are similar to the effect of aspirin. " They can be used both internally for colds and inflammatory processes, to bring down high temperatures and disinfect the body, and externally. When applied externally, the medicine acts as an antiseptic on wounds and damage to the skin.
- Anti-migraine... Feverfew is the strongest migraine medicine. Its action is based on the presence in the pulp of the leaves of a substance that blocks the cause of a painful attack - parthenolide. It does not eliminate the symptoms, but the very problem that causes the migraine. Parthenolide stops the production of serotonin, the excess of which in the brain cells is a source of pain attacks.
The effect of feverfew is comparable only with expensive drugs, which, unlike plants, have a number of side effects.
- Hypertensive... In combination with other components, it regulates blood pressure, preventing the development of hypertension.
- Antiallergenic... Feverfew accelerates the treatment of various rashes, dermatitis, psoriasis and allergic reactions. Effective in the form of ready-made tablets and decoctions from the leaves of the plant.
- Medicines for women's diseases... It is not for nothing that among the varieties of chamomile there is "maiden feverfew". It effectively relieves pains of smooth muscle muscles, restores a regular cycle, and is suitable for the prevention of these problems.
In cosmetology
Not without feverfew in the beauty industry. This natural ingredient works great in folk recipes and as part of face creams... It effectively fights problems such as inflammation, redness, uneven skin tone, early wrinkles.
The use of pyrethrum is shown to owners problem skin and skin prone to acne.
Also pyrethrum extract soothes overly sensitive skin and relieves irritation... This property makes it a necessary component not only in the composition of women's care products, but also in the composition of men's aftershave lotions.
However, you should be careful when using the drug as a medicine or cosmetics, as it can cause allergic reactions and irritation in the mouth.
On the farm
Insect repellents are made from dried pyrethrum inflorescences. The powder must be diluted in water and poured over the soil in the vegetable beds with the solution. Also, the plant will protect the crop from pests if it is simply planted around the perimeter.
Outdoor planting and care
Pyrethrum are perennial plants. They are unpretentious to care for, survive the winter cold well, bloom for several years in a row. But in order for the plant to please with its beauty, it must be properly planted.
For most varieties, pre-growing seedlings from seed in a closed field is suitable.
This is done as follows.
- Seed selection... This stage is important, since high-quality seeds give good shoots, and low-quality seeds may not germinate at all.
- Planting seeds in the ground... To do this, you can use wooden boxes or other containers that are covered with foil to create a greenhouse effect. Seeds are planted in March-April.
- Sprout care... When the first sprouts hatch, they need to be kept warm, watered, stored in a place accessible to sunlight. In greenhouse conditions at 15-24 degrees, they will get stronger, and then they can be planted in open ground. Fertilizing the soil is not necessary, the plant will take root anyway.
If there is no time and desire to tinker with germinating seeds in greenhouses, it's okay. Feverfew can be planted directly on a flower bed. With this method of reproduction of flowers, they will retain their germination for 3-4 years.
You can plant seeds in open ground in March-April, in light soil. The place should not be damp and shady, otherwise the plant will not be thick and bright, but will stretch out in search of sunlight and fade.
Seeds should be sown in shallow holes at a distance of 2-3 centimeters. When the seedlings germinate, it is important not to dry them out and not water them too often.
Experienced growers advise using one little trick to get strong and good seeds - sowing them before winter.
To do this, they need to be sown in a container with a lid (food containers with thin walls or cake boxes are suitable), dig into the garden bed and sprinkle with leaves. During the winter they will get stronger, and in the spring, in March, they need to be dug up and placed on the windowsill for germination.
Care features
Feverfew is a plant for those who have little time to take care of the garden. It is enough to plant it in a sunny place or in partial shade, in soil that easily permits water, and beautiful flower bushes are provided by the middle of summer.
Feverfew is a perennial plant belonging to the aster family. Earlier, many years ago, this flower was used in folk medicine. Feverfew is relatively cold-resistant, young plants tolerate slight frosts.
This ornamental plant was brought to us from Southern Europe.
Pyrethrum maiden has many other names, for example, maiden tansy. This name can be found in the literature. This plant can be easily distinguished from the rest, with its flowers it is very similar to chamomile. Feverfew is one of the varieties of chamomile, which is loved by gardeners for its modest decorativeness.
Features of feverfew maiden
This plant has at all times been famous for its harmful effects on ticks, cockroaches, fleas and other pests. It contains poison that is deadly to insects. At the same time, the poison has no effect on people and animals.
Previously, pyrethrum powder was poured into the corners of rooms, as well as under the boards to protect against insects, when renovating houses.
The height of this ornamental plant reaches a maximum of 50 cm.
The plant consists of:
- The leaves are deeply cut, softly pubescent, which have a light green tint;
- Inflorescences with a diameter of 1.5-3 cm, usually white or yellow.
The subtleties of growing pyrethrum and caring for them
This is a plant for lazy gardeners because It does not require special care. It loves both the sunny side and the shade. But with a lack of sun, the plant stretches, grows much higher, blooms less. This fact should be taken into account when choosing a landing site.
No special soil is required for planting, it is important to avoid wetlands. Plant care consists of periodic loosening and watering of the soil. You can fertilize a flower with a ready-made fertilizer for flowers. This type of chamomile will not only embellish your flower bed, but also make sure that your site is not disturbed by all sorts of pests.
Fertilizer
After the ornamental plant has bloomed, the flowers will need to be cut off, and the feverfew should be fed with fertilizer, which can be bought in any specialty store or you can prepare it yourself.
For this you will need:
- Weeds from the garden;
- Water.
We put the weeds in water and insist in the sun for a maximum of 3 days. Our fertilizer is ready.
How often should you water it?
If you do not water feverfew () for a long time, especially during a dry period, the leaves will begin to turn brown, and the flowers themselves will fade earlier. Waterlogging is also best avoided. In the usual period, the frequency of watering should be once a week, and on hot summer days, watering can be increased up to 2-3 times.
Pruning
This type of pyrethrum blooms for a long time, already in late May - early June overwintered bushes open their inflorescences.
Usually, flowering stops by August, the decorative effect of the plant is lost. Therefore, it is better to cut off faded flowers so that they do not spoil the appearance of the flower bed or flower garden.
Reproduction
- Division of overgrown bushes;
- Cuttings;
- Seeds.
As for dividing, it is best to do this after the plant has bloomed. First of all, bushes are subject to division, which begin to lose the beauty of their flowering.
Cuttings are usually used for propagation of very rare and slowly growing varieties.
Seed propagation is considered the simplest. Seeds retain their germination capacity for up to three years. They are sown on seedlings in March at a shallow depth, in light moist soil, with a distance of 2-3 cm to facilitate the subsequent pick. The first shoots appear on the 11th day. To prevent the seedlings from stretching, they must be rearranged after germination to a cooler and brighter place. Flowering begins in this case after 80-100 days. But stronger seedlings are obtained by sowing seeds before winter in open ground.
Use in landscape design
Feverfew is often used in landscaping sites. More often the plant is planted in groups, used for carpet plantings and borders, decorating balconies of summer cottages and country houses.
Cut flowers are widely used in floristry for making bouquets.
The flower called will appeal to everyone who loves the simplicity of chamomile. This flower resembles a chamomile, but has a variety of vibrant, unusual colors. Feverfew maiden has white buds, depending on the variety, it resembles either chamomile or chrysanthemum. Feverfew will decorate any garden plot without requiring complex maintenance.
, which is why it is sometimes called the maiden chrysanthemum. The name feverfew means fever. In ancient times, this plant played a more medicinal role than a decorative one, it was relieved of heat and fever. Among the people, Pyrethrum is sometimes called Chamomile or Chamomile.
Among the people, Pyrethrum is sometimes called Chamomile or Chamomile.
Features of the plant:
- Feverfew is a perennial plant, but more often gardeners grow it as an annual. Perennial pyrethrum does not live long (no more than three years) and at the same time its decorative qualities weaken every year.
- The plant easily takes root and is very unpretentious to care for, so it is easier to plant it on the site every year than to fight for its flowering for 2 or 3 years in a row.
- Some varieties of Pyrethrum maiden can grow up to half a meter in height, but there are also dwarf varieties no more than 10 cm high.The average flower size in height is 30-40 cm.
- Feverfew maiden has beautiful white buds. At the edges they have petals like y, and in the center there is a large rosette resembling a chrysanthemum.
- The bush itself is quite dense, branched, dense greenery, collected in the lower part. Leaves are bright green, feathery.
The varieties of Pyrethrum Maiden are varied. Among them there are double flowers, pompom flowers, yellow and white. Most often, maiden feverfew has buds of a delicate white color. Especially popular are varieties called Double White, Goldball with double bright yellow flowers, Virgo with beautiful white buds in the form of large balls.
In the wild, Pyrethrum can be found in the regions of the Ciscaucasia and Transcaucasia. Here in the summer you can see a huge amount of pyrethrum of all possible colors. It was from the Caucasus that the study of this plant began more than two centuries ago.
Feverfew is usually propagated by seeds and less often by cuttings. The seed method is simpler and has a greater survival rate. Reproduction, planting and care does not require any special effort. Some gardeners recommend planting feverfew and forget it will grow on its own. However, for this you need to choose the right place, plant the plant on time and take care of the soil. If the conditions of your region or the soil on the site do not allow not to take care of the plant at all, it is better not to neglect the rules of care.
Methods of reproduction of Feverfew:
- If you want to propagate feverfew this summer to get more bushes, take young root shoots of the plant. Dig them out carefully so as not to damage the roots. This will not do any harm to the mother plant. Plant the dug shoots in pots or directly into the ground, but carefully cover with foil.
- To propagate Feverfew with seeds, you must first collect them. You need to collect seeds in the fall, when the flowers have faded. The seeds are dried and stored in a dark dry room until spring.
- Feverfew is propagated by seedlings. In March, ready-made seeds are sown in a container with prepared nutritious moist soil. it is necessary to distribute on the surface of the soil and carefully sprinkle with a thin layer of earth. You do not need to try to sprinkle the seeds thickly, they will interfere with each other when pecking. After planting, the container with seeds is taken out to a bright but cool place. The temperature should be no more than 20 degrees. After that, the seeds will begin to hatch. If you see that you have planted the seeds too often, after the leaves appear, they can be thinned out. As soon as the seedlings grow up, they are seated in separate cups. When the seedlings adapt and get stronger, they can be planted in open ground. It is best to do this in May when it gets warm enough.
The place for the landing of Pyrethrum must be chosen especially carefully. They can be grown in partial shade, but it is better to choose a well-lit place. In this case, for the first 2 weeks, it is better to cover the plants from the midday sun so that young shoots do not get burned.
Grown from seeds, Pyrethrum does not retain the qualities of the mother plant. When planting, flowers of any color may appear. Plants grown from seeds begin to bloom 2-3 months after planting.
Caring for Feverfew is very simple. In order for a flower to grow and bloom well, it is enough to follow a minimum of care rules:
- Despite the fact that feverfew is unpretentious and almost does not need care, you need to regularly remove weeds from the flower bed. This is necessary not only to maintain a beautiful and well-groomed appearance, but also to better grow flowers. Weeds deplete the soil, take away nutrients, it is especially important to weed the flower bed during the period of active growth of Pyrethrum. When the flower grows, it takes care of the weeds on its own, suppressing their growth.
- Feverfew does not need frequent watering, but if the summer is hot and dry, you need to water the plant as needed. Make sure that the soil does not dry out or crack. The plant tolerates drought well, but with a prolonged lack of moisture, the flowers begin to shrink, the colored buds become lighter. Do not overuse the persistence of Feverfew.
- Like any garden flower, Feverfew needs to be fed periodically. Four times a season must be applied to the soil. You can buy a ready-made complex mineral fertilizer in granules at a gardening store. It is convenient to plant it and add flower beds to the soil.
- If you want to grow Pyrethrum as a perennial plant, take care of it. In autumn, when the plant has bloomed and the seeds are collected, you need to cut off dry stems and faded buds. For Feverfew to survive the winter better, land around the roots with foliage or hay. If winters in your area are harsh, cover the entire plant with fir branches. This coating will protect the flower from freezing.
- Feverfew blooms for a very long time. After winter, the perennial Pyrethrum begins to open its first buds in May-June. After that, the buds dry up and spoil the look of the flower bed. If you carefully cut the flower, remove the buds, this activates the growth of new ones, renews the plant and gives the flowerbed a well-groomed look.
- When it rains, it is recommended to slightly loosen the soil near the roots. This will allow oxygen to penetrate to the roots, and a crust will not form on the surface of the soil, which traps moisture.
Diseases and pests: control and prevention
Feverfew maiden has good protective properties and is resistant to adverse environmental conditions, but nevertheless, sometimes the flower is affected by pests and diseases:
- ... These are small green bugs that are located on the back of the leaves or on the shoots themselves. Insects secrete sweet dew, which creates favorable conditions for the development of fungal diseases. At the very beginning of the onset of the disease, the affected leaves can be removed and the plant thoroughly washed, washing off the insects with water. If one of the plants is badly affected, it must be removed from the flower bed and burned. You can spray the plant with an insecticide.
- Slugs. Slugs often like to feast on the leaves of Feverfew maiden. They are easy to spot, they are rather large pests, but they can hide. Slugs leave noticeable damage to the leaves of the plant. If there are many slugs, they can destroy the plant in half a day. If you look closely under the bushes and look under the stones, you can quickly find them. Birds and hedgehogs fight slugs, so you can feed them for pest control.
- Gray rot. The causative agent of this disease is a fungus. The infection affects fruits, buds and leaves of plants. They turn gray, wrinkle, fall off. Curing gray mold is not easy. Often it is necessary to destroy the plant, burn it, cultivate the land and plant the plants again the next year.
- Thrips. Thrips are insects that are often found on garden flowers. Thrips are very small, about 2 mm, they can be detected by the damage caused. Larvae are light yellow, adults have wings. You can get rid of thrips only by removing the affected plant parts.
- Fusarium. An infectious disease also caused by fungi. First, the roots begin to rot, and then traces of rot appear on the stems and leaves. This is a very common disease of garden plants, therefore, all seeds and soil are recommended for prevention. Often the death of a plant with fusarium is inevitable, so the plant is removed, burned, and the soil is cultivated.
With proper care and preparation of the soil for sowing, many diseases can be avoided. The soil must be treated in advance from spores and larvae, as well as monitor the humidity.
More information can be found in the video:
Chrysanthemum maiden is a perennial plant that delights with its beautiful chamomile flowering regardless of conditions. The plant is quite unpretentious, but, despite this, it has not only natural rustic beauty, but also useful properties.
Description of the variety
The maiden chrysanthemum is a member of the Astrov family. The plant has a herbaceous structure and is considered perennial. This variety of chrysanthemums has several names, and each one is quite common: "Chamomile maiden", "Matricaria exclusive", "Tanacetum", "Feverfew maiden".
Chrysanthemum maiden
The height of this plant can reach 70 cm. The leaves have a pinnately dissected shape and attract with their pleasant fragrant aroma. The inflorescences are very small (about 3 cm in diameter). Flowering is combined by separate groups into a kind of umbrella-shaped shields.
The structure of the inflorescences is simple: small baskets of regular shape and white color, complemented by a prominent yellow middle. The flowering period is very long: the beginning, as a rule, in June or July, and the end - during the first autumn frosts.
The fruits of the plant are represented by ribbed seeds, thanks to which the maiden chrysanthemum reproduces.
As already mentioned, this variety is completely unpretentious and can grow, as well as delight with its flowering, even without proper care.
Chrysanthemum maiden is an unpretentious, abundantly flowering plant.
Beneficial features
Not everyone knows that chrysanthemum maiden has many beneficial properties. Its name comes from the fact that its action is able to relieve pain that occurs in girls during menstruation. And in ancient times, a decoction of this miraculous plant was used as a pain reliever during childbirth.
In addition, this plant has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. But that's not all of its useful characteristics. Chamomile maiden has long been used for household needs.
Chrysanthemum maiden amazes with its supply of nutrients that can soothe pain, relieve inflammation.
Planting methods
The maiden chrysanthemum reproduces by seeds. Sowing of the collected seeds is carried out from March to April in indoor or greenhouse conditions to obtain seedlings. But sowing directly into the ground is also often carried out. For this, the most suitable period is April.
Blooming chrysanthemum maiden
For planting, the soil must be fertile, rather loose, but at the same time it must contain organic fertilizers in moderation. It is also important to observe the spacing between plants when planting. The optimum value is considered to be a distance of 20 cm.
After the first shoots appear, you can predict the initial flowering period, which is from 40 to 60 days.
The plant propagates by seeds, which are planted in indoor or greenhouse conditions, or directly in open ground.
Necessary conditions for growing
The girl's chamomile is very fond of light, but, despite this, it is able to fully grow and develop in shaded conditions. The soil for the plant should be fertile, light and perfectly permeable to moisture. In addition, it should warm up well enough.
The most suitable conditions for chrysanthemum maiden:
- Sunny plot
- Elevation
- Slightly acidic or neutral soil
- Wind and draft protection
The following conditions are necessary for the plant: good illumination, suitable soil composition and protection from unpleasant winds.
The basics of proper care
For girl's chamomile, the following care is required:
Watering for a plant is required only during the hottest days, with a long absence of natural watering in the form of rains and during the period of the most active development of the plant.
Even so, you shouldn't add a lot of liquid. This is because the chrysanthemum is very drought tolerant.
For tall plants, a garter to specially prepared pegs is imperative.
It is also worth removing wilted inflorescence baskets, as this significantly prolongs the flowering period of the bush.
For the full development of girl's chamomile, it is necessary to remove weeds and wilted inflorescences, loosen the soil, apply the required amount of fertilizer at the right time and water on especially hot days.
While watching the video, you will learn about the cultivation of chrysanthemums.
Chrysanthemum maiden is a useful perennial plant that does not require special care. Despite this, the plant can be a wonderful decoration for any site and flower garden, so you should definitely get a beautiful snow-white shrub.
Garden flowers
The maiden chrysanthemum is a perennial plant that is grown as an annual. The photo of the flower resembles a picture of snow flakes, which is why it is known as "snow balls".
The plant can be described as follows:
- Reaches 25 cm in height.
- Large marginal flowers are collected in round inflorescences-baskets.
- The lush leaves are cut to a light green or yellowish tint.
- Seeds are white or cream colored, very small. 1 g contains about 5000 seeds.
Due to its exotic nature, the plant is often used in the manufacture of flower arrangements. Looks good in combination with heliotrope, salvia or marigolds. After cutting, they do not fade for a long time. Also used when decorating flower beds without any additional colors.
Chrysanthemum is sown in May, when the main frosts have already passed. A plot for sowing is chosen in the open sun. Flowers prefer calcareous, fertile and well-drained soil.
When planting, the seeds are deepened 3 mm into the soil. After planting, watered abundantly. After a month, you can see the first flowering. Chrysanthemum requires constant care:
- Water the flowers as the soil dries. In hot and dry weather, watering should be increased.
- Before flowering, the plant requires 3 additional fertilizing with complex mineral fertilizers.
- Almost the only pest of chrysanthemum is aphid. When it appears, the affected bushes are removed. Other diseases rarely appear and are treated with special plant medicines.
- To achieve the appearance of additional peduncles, plant pruning is done.
- Maintain loose soil at all times.
- Remove the weeds as they appear.
- In areas with not cold mild winters, chrysanthemum can be kept as a perennial.
Keep in mind that the plant has an extremely strong characteristic odor, so choose an area for growing it that is not point-blank to the living area.
Thus, the maiden chrysanthemum is an ornamental plant that is grown to decorate flower beds and make bouquets. There are no problems with breeding it, but certain care nuances need to be known and performed regularly.
Among the huge variety of luxurious flowers, the perennial chrysanthemum occupies a special place. "Queen of Autumn" - this is how sophisticated breeders and lovers of bright colors and magnificent forms speak of her. Today we will talk about what varieties and varieties of perennial chrysanthemums are found, how best to care for these colorful pets. Photos of magnificent chrysanthemums will help you enjoy the riot of colors and choose varieties.
Chrysanthemums: varieties and varieties
It is not in vain that they say about perennial chrysanthemums that they inspire optimism in a convinced pessimist. After all, these lush and fragrant flowering plants can make bright not only a personal plot, but also the life of a gardener who grows picturesque plants and horticultural crops.
Chrysanthemums can be completely unusual and bright colors.
Every time you buy a bag of an unknown variety, you are amazed at the duration of its flowering, the magnificent colors, the height of the plant, the shape and texture of the petals, as well as the degree of their doubleness.
Breeders divide chrysanthemums into:
- simple forms;
- large-flowered;
- terry.
There is also a gradation in color, flowering periods, flower size and decorativeness. Many subspecies of chrysanthemums are intended only for subsequent cutting and making bouquets - these are the so-called bouquet chrysanthemums. Their height can vary from 15 to 150 cm. Such a wide range allows you to decorate whole flower gardens with a variety of cultures, which will bloom and delight the eye at different times - from mid-June to the first snow.
Chrysanthemum flowers of various shapes and sizes
As for the color of the buds, it is impossible to immediately list all the colors and shades. There is an unthinkable number of colors that excite the imagination: white and lemon, orange and purple, crimson red, lilac and emerald.
The historical homeland of chrysanthemums is Northern China, where residents were actively engaged in the selection of this amazing and, fortunately, unpretentious garden culture. Thanks to the merits of professional breeders, today it is possible to grow chic varieties of perennial chrysanthemum with excellent consumer properties.
The most widespread and well-known variety - "Early Yellow" is close in decorativeness to Japanese anemones. Today there are about 700 varieties of these garden plants.
Chrysanthemums: planting and care in the open field
Perennial chrysanthemums do not like darkening and high humidity very much, so it is better to plant them in a small hill and in a sunny place. This will save you from pulling shoots, changing the time and duration of flowering.
Attention! Chrysanthemums have a superficial root system, so overdrying the soil is unacceptable!
For planting, it is recommended to use very loose and moisture-permeable soil with sufficient nutrient content. If the soil is too dense, it is recommended to mix it with peat or compost. To improve drainage qualities, you can use coarse sand and fine gravel.
Attention! Garden chrysanthemums, which are not labor intensive to grow, prefer a neutral potting mix.
A cloudy, or even better rainy day is chosen for planting. A hole up to 40 cm deep is watered abundantly, drainage is done. Then a chrysanthemum is placed and lightly sprinkled with earth.
Chrysanthemum thrives in the shade of trees
Attention! The plant should not be deeply buried, because the root system grows parallel to the ground.
If low-growing varieties will be grown, then you need to worry about additional support in advance.
A couple of days after planting, you can remove the growth point on the culture. After another 3 weeks, the tip of the shoot is neatly broken off.
Advice! After planting the plant in the ground, shade it using a non-woven material. Make sure that it does not touch the leaves of the plant.
Plant care
When growing garden chrysanthemums on a garden plot, it is important to remember that watering should be moderate, otherwise the plant will rot from an excess of moisture. An exception, perhaps, can only be a very dry and hot period.
Attention! Lack of moisture can lead to woody plant stems and loss of decorative effect.
The moisture balance in the soil is very important for the crop.
You need to take special care of the culture closer to cold weather and frost (end of October). Despite the fact that chrysanthemums tolerate low temperatures well, it is better to build them a frame with a film coating. Such a simple measure will allow you to admire the bright colors and lush flowering of delicate flowers for another month. The frame can be removed by December, and the bushes can be planted in pots and placed on the windowsill in a bright veranda, where the chrysanthemum will bloom until January.
Fertilizing and feeding chrysanthemums
The plant is fed weekly with mullein infusion in a ratio of 1: 10. Lush blooms can be obtained by introducing a balanced amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers into the soil, and the green mass can be increased using nitrogen-based feeding.
The more often you feed the chrysanthemum, the more lush and longer it will bloom.
Attention! At the time of fertilization, it is important to ensure that the fertilizing does not fall on the leaves and cause them to burn! It is better to under-feed the plant than to burn it!
Plant propagation
Attention! Reproduction is best done in late spring (in May), when the probability of frost is minimal. The beginning of summer is also a good period for replanting the plant.
If you only have material for planting closer to autumn, then have time to plant it by mid-September so that the first frosts do not break the spirit of the plant. Otherwise, the seedling can be transplanted into a wide, but (very important!) Shallow pot, having previously cut it low.
Chrysanthemum reproduces well by cuttings
The container with the planted chrysanthemums is placed in a dark place (it can be a loggia or a terrace), where the temperature is kept at a constant level of 4-6 ° C. Throughout the winter period, it is necessary to maintain an optimal level of soil moisture.
At the end of winter, the bushes can be planted in a greenhouse or flower greenhouse, where they should be watered as often as possible. By the end of March, when the shoots have grown a little, you can cut the cuttings and carefully plant them in a box with a mixture of soil, humus and sand, then cover them tightly with a sheet of glass. A month later, when the cuttings take root, they can be planted in wider containers, and then in open ground.
Diseases and pests
Since a great many different microorganisms live in any soil, the plant periodically needs to be treated with special preparations that will reliably protect against diseases and pests, root rot. Abundant watering will keep the crop from mites and aphids that cannot tolerate moisture. The bush chrysanthemum Ratibor, Aktara, Fitovermi and other preparations will save from snails, leaf rollers and caterpillars.
White rust
Shrub chrysanthemum: combination with other plants
Perennial garden culture goes well with fruit trees (it can be rowan or wild apple). A good combination is given by raspberries growing nearby, sea buckthorn, barberry. Shrub chrysanthemum looks incredibly attractive in the company of decorative leafy plants - hydrangea, ivy, wild grapes, lemongrass.
The chrysanthemum looks charming and tender surrounded by tall perennial plants: dahlia, shrub aster, asparagus and other plants.
Chrysanthemums in landscape design
Shrub chrysanthemums in landscape design
Lush and bright chrysanthemums are the perfect decoration for any garden and site. With the participation of these plants, you can get luxurious flower beds and mixborders, with the help of them glades and lawns are decorated. Among the bright emerald greenery, shrub chrysanthemum makes up expressive spots of orange, purple, lilac color. Almost all varieties of shrub chrysanthemum are suitable for a spectacular landscape design.
How to grow a chrysanthemum: video
Types of chrysanthemums: photo
Eastern wisdom advises everyone who wants to live a happy life to grow
chrysanthemums
According to an ancient Chinese legend, the white dragon tried to encroach on the sun itself. He tore it with teeth and claws, and sparks fell to the ground and turned into yellow flowers, which were later called chrysanthemums. They are depicted on the Japanese coat of arms, coins and seals, which does not bother Asians
cook with chrysanthemums
cakes and salads. As a garden flower, chrysanthemum has been known for three millennia, but interest in it is only growing.
Breeders are constantly striving to get as large-flowered varieties as possible, but gardeners are more attracted by small-flowered Korean chrysanthemums, since they are resistant to low temperatures, are good outdoors in combination with other flowers, have high decorative qualities, bloom for a long time and profusely almost until November ... Therefore, it is not for nothing that chrysanthemum is considered the queen of autumn. In addition, it is grown in pots to decorate houses, and in cut form it lasts for a long time - up to 30 days, so it is ideal for bouquets.
In the open field, chrysanthemum blooms in August and pleases with its lush flowers all autumn, withstand frosts down to -7 ° C. Depending on the variety, the stems reach a height of 30-80 cm and are decorated with double, semi-double and simple inflorescences of unusually diverse shades.
In the northern regions of Russia, it is believed that it is impossible to grow chrysanthemums outdoors, but in fact, they can successfully winter with light
in central Russia and even in Siberia! In these areas, after cutting the stems, hemp 10-15 cm high is well spud
Cover with foliage and insulate
spruce branches
Planting chrysanthemums
Chrysanthemums do not like the slightest shade and moisture retention, so the place for them should be sunny and at least slightly elevated. This is a guarantee that the shoots will not stretch, change the time and period of flowering. However, the root system of chrysanthemums is superficial, so the soil should not be overdried either.
The ideal soil for them is loose, moisture-permeable, with an optimal amount of various nutrients. With dense and infertile soil in the garden, before planting the cuttings, a little peat, compost or rotted manure is introduced into the soil, but do not abuse them, otherwise the plants will be too tall to the detriment of flowering. Apply a small amount of coarse sand to the soil for drainage. The soil mixture is preferably neutral or slightly acidic.
The ideal day for planting is cloudy or rainy. In hot, sunny weather, plant cuttings in the early morning or late evening when the sun is less active. Pour holes 35-40 cm deep with plenty of water, put drainage, earth mixed with vermicompost in a ratio of 20: 1. Chrysanthemum is placed and covered with earth. The roots grow parallel to the soil, so they are not buried too deep. For tall varieties, additional support is needed.
Immediately after planting in the ground, the first pinching is carried out - the growing point on the plant is removed. 3 weeks after planting, break out the upper part of the shoot with 2-3 nodes - the second pinch. The first days after planting, artificially shade the seedlings so that they do not suffer from bright sunlight. The best option is a non-woven fabric, but it is advisable that it does not come into contact with the leaves.
Reproduction of chrysanthemums
Since varietal characteristics are not preserved when propagated by seeds, chrysanthemums are propagated
cuttings
By dividing the bushes or root shoots, which are separated from the mother bush.
In any case, it is necessary to plant and transplant chrysanthemums. in the spring, in May, when frosts and cold snaps pass. It is also acceptable at the beginning of summer - this will not affect the development of chrysanthemums.
In the next video, you can see the process of reproduction of chrysanthemums by dividing the bush in the spring.
If you got hold of the planting material closer to autumn, then plant it in the ground
until September 15, so that before the onset of frost, the plants have time to take root well. If you did not have time during this period, then plant the seedling in a shallow wide pot, cutting it low. Send the container with chrysanthemum to a dark place to a warm loggia or a heated terrace, where until spring the temperature will be at the level of 4-6 ° C - these are the optimal conditions for the successful development of plants. Moisten the ground periodically throughout the winter.
Since the end of February, chrysanthemums are planted in a greenhouse and watered more often. By the end of March, the shoots will grow back, and it will be possible to engage in cuttings - cut off the shoots no more than 10 cm.
Carefully plant the cuttings in a box filled with a mixture of earth, sand and humus in a 1: 2: 1 ratio, close tightly with glass. After a month, the cuttings will take root, they can be planted in wide containers. As soon as the danger of an unexpected cold snap passes, it will be possible to transplant the mother plant and seedlings into the ground.
Chrysanthemum care
The watering regime should be moderate, in which the root system will not rot from excess moisture. This is despite the fact that chrysanthemum is quite hygrophilous. The exception is the dry period (during which water more abundantly so that the stems do not become rusty and the flowers do not lose their decorative effect) and the period before flowering. It is better to take water from standing water or rainwater.
Once a week, "feed" the flowers with mullein infusion (1:10), and before budding -
potash
phosphorus fertilizers
for lush bloom, sometimes
nitrogen
for building up green mass. Discard top dressing before flowering. During dressing, make sure that the fertilizer solution does not get on the leaves and cause burns.
Water only at the root .
For the development of young chrysanthemums, it is extremely important to ensure a balanced diet in the first two months, as the green mass is growing very actively. Burnt mullein and chicken droppings are very effective. The main rule is that it is better not to feed the plant than to burn it.
- Pour a couple of buckets of mullein or a bucket of chicken droppings into a large container, fill it with water, stir and let it infuse for three days - during this time the valuable highly concentrated fertilizer will be ready.
- Prepare a solution: add 10 liters of water to 1 liter of concentrated infusion.
- Apply 1 liter of solution under each plant only at the root and always on wet soil.
Despite the fact that chrysanthemums tolerate the cold quite well, at the end of October, protect the flower bed from frost by placing a frame with plastic wrap on it - and you will admire the flowering of April cuttings for another month. You will remove the frame at the end of November, transplant the bushes into pots, and they will bloom on a warm, bright veranda even in January.
If you have recently been given a potted chrysanthemum, how to keep it until spring and planting in the garden, you can find out from the answer to the question "How to keep chrysanthemums until spring?" And the article The second life of a chrysanthemum from a bouquet is confirmation that the flower you like can be propagated by cuttings, even if you do not know the exact date of cutting.
Disease and pest control
Water-loving chrysanthemum, abundant watering, especially in the absence of rain, helps prevent the defeat of aphids and mites that cannot tolerate moisture.
Many harmful microorganisms and pathogens live in the soil.
diseases
Therefore, after each rain, treat the plants with drugs for diseases (for example, Quadris or Previkur). Protects from root rot
Fitosporin
It can be added to irrigation water with every feeding.
Of all the enemies of chrysanthemums (leaf rollers, snails, aphids, ticks, etc.), caterpillars are the most dangerous. Only one of them can eat several buds per night. So keep your ears open, review your plantings regularly and take action on time. Good preparations for fighting insects are Aktara, Aktellik, Ratibor, Iskra, Fitoverm, etc.
Types and varieties of chrysanthemums
The genus of chrysanthemums has more than 150 species, but in our garden they grow mainly their hybrids. The classification of chrysanthemums is quite complex. There are main garden groups of hybrid chrysanthemums:
- Korean (small-flowered, inflorescence 2-9 cm),
- Indian (large-flowered, inflorescence 10-25 cm),
- Chinese and Japanese.
By the structure of the flower varieties are divided into the following groups:
- simple,
- semi-double,
- anemone,
- terry,
- flat,
- hemispherical,
- spherical,
- curly,
- pompom,
- radial.
By the structure of the petal distinguish tubular and reed. For growing in the garden, the most popular chrysanthemums are Korean, they are unpretentious, beautiful, bloom for a long time. Large-flowered species are usually grown for cutting and flower arrangements. Here are some popular small-flowered varieties for your garden.
Chrysanthemum Korean Alyonushka
Bright pink non-double inflorescences 5-6 cm in diameter. Bush up to 50 cm tall. Blooms in September.
Korean chrysanthemum dune
Small orange-yellow flowers, 5 cm in diameter. The height of the bush is 60 cm.
Chrysanthemum Korean Snowball
Terry inflorescences, small, 56 cm in diameter, white with slightly pink tips. Bush up to 60 cm high.
Korean chrysanthemum Mishal
Small-flowered terry chrysanthemum, inflorescences 4-4.5 cm, pompom, lush, bright yellow. Blooms from September. Bush up to 40 cm high.
Chrysanthemum Korean Terracotta
Terry flowers, 5-6 cm in diameter, orange shades. The bush is 50-60 cm tall.
Chrysanthemum bush Saba
A very original color of chrysanthemum with a yellow-green core and reddish-lilac sharp petals with a white border. The diameter of the flower is 5 cm, the height of the bush is 60-70 cm.
You can get acquainted with the recently fashionable variety series of large and small-flowered chrysanthemums by reading the publication
"Families" of chrysanthemums
Read more about chrysanthemums on our website:
- Chrysanthemum - a flower of longevity and transience of life
- The love story of the Japanese for chrysanthemums
- Chrysanthemum Legends
- Chinese chrysanthemums - the charm of antiquity
- Chrysanthemums of Nikitsky Botanical Garden (very beautiful photos and descriptions of varieties)
- 8 queens of balls of chrysanthemums of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden
- 17 personalized chrysanthemums of the autumn ball
- Old chrysanthemums in new optics
What chrysanthemums grow in your garden?
This ornamental plant is ideal for those who have little time to take care of the flower garden. Once planted, the bushes will decorate the garden with whole bouquets of flowers for many years with minimal maintenance. In the ornamental garden culture, it has been used for several centuries, and during this time many varieties of it have appeared.
Feverfew(Pyretrum parthenium) is a perennial plant of the Asteraceae family. They are called differently: chrysanthemum, tanacetum, matrix. Some of its types have medicinal properties. This explains the origin of the name from the Greek word "pyretos", meaning "fever, intense fever."
Pyrethrum forms a compact, lush bush up to 50 cm high and up to 50 cm in diameter with branched erect stems. Beautiful carved leaves are very similar to chrysanthemum foliage, and not only in their external structure, but also in the smell that is released if you rub the leaf with your fingers, or after cutting flowers.
By color, the leaves are yellow-green, light green and dark green, sitting on petioles about 7-10 cm long. Pyrethrum flowers rise above the bush, forming a real bouquet of small inflorescences-baskets with a diameter of 1.5 to 3 cm, collected in a corymbose inflorescence. The marginal flowers are ligulate, the central ones are tubular, yellow. There are forms with simple baskets, like small daisies, and there are forms with terry ones. There is pyrethrum, which has only yellow tubular flowers, forming inflorescences, as it were, from small buttons.
Feverfew blooms about three months after sowing the seeds. It blooms profusely in the summer months, it can bloom again in the fall. To do this, you need to cut off the faded peduncles during summer flowering, not allowing the seeds to set. Seeds - small rod-shaped achenes, like chamomiles, beige in color. They remain viable for 2-3 years.
Feverfew is very unpretentious and resistant to growing conditions. Loves the sun, but grows well in partial shade, and even in the shade, however, it stretches a little. Very cold-resistant, easily withstands small frosts (up to -4-5 ° C). It is not very picky about the soil, it grows well in any place, with the exception of frankly poor sandy soil and places that are constantly flooded with water. On fertile loose soil forms luxurious large bushes with large bouquets of inflorescences.
Basic pyrethrum care consists in regular watering, especially in dry weather, and, if necessary, in feeding. Only young plants at the initial stage of growth need weeding. Subsequently, they independently suppress the growth of weeds.
After heavy watering and rains, it is advisable to loosen the soil to prevent crusting on the surface of the ground and improve aeration of the roots.
Adult plants easily tolerate transplanting at any stage of development, provided that an earthen coma is preserved on the roots. Pyrethrum propagates by dividing overgrown bushes and seeds. If you do not cut off the faded arrows, then pyrethrum easily multiplies by self-seeding. It can even be beneficial: less hassle with growing seedlings, it is enough to transplant young seedlings to the right places in the spring. If you need to plant a new variety, then it is grown through seedlings.
Pyrethrum seeds sown in March in boxes with loose fertile soil, evenly scattering them over a moistened surface and sprinkling them with earth on top with a layer of no more than 5 mm. When warm, they germinate rather quickly. After that, the box with seedlings is placed in a bright, but not hot place with a temperature not exceeding 20 ° C. If the seeds are not distributed over the soil, then the dive can be skipped until the seedlings are planted in the open ground.
With a thickened planting, they dive after the appearance of 3-4 true leaves. Young seedlings are planted in open ground in May after hardening. Although it would be more correct to say: after accustoming to the open air and the sun. Because they are not afraid of the coolness, but the sun's rays can cause irreparable harm. To prevent this from happening, after landing on the street, the seedlings should be shaded from the sun for the first 1-2 weeks. The distance between the plants is about 30 cm.
Feverfew is quite possible to grow as a perennial plant. In autumn, cut off the faded shoots, mulch the soil around the bushes and cover them with spruce branches. In this form, they winter well in the climatic conditions of the middle zone.
Low varieties of pyrethrum are used as borders in city flower beds, in street flowerpots. Varieties with double and spherical inflorescences are very much appreciated. Varieties with a yellow-green foliage color are used as decorative foliage when framing flower beds and flower beds, flower arrows in such cases are removed from them. Feverfew looks beautiful, planted scattered throughout the garden, under fruit trees and near ornamental shrubs.
Of the pests on feverfew, there is a black aphid, it is enough to treat it with one of the suitable drugs or simply remove the affected plant from the site.