Oak is a genus of plants, which refers to the beech family. There are two varieties: wood and shrub. Oak combines over 500 breeds. The habitat of wood is represented by the northern hemisphere. The plant loves a temperate climate, so in the southern part of the planet, it only lives on tropical highlands. Leaves and fruits are well recognizable, partly edible and useful for health.
Cycle of ripening
Oak - a tree that belongs to the evergreen of plants. His crown may not change over several years. Nevertheless, there are rocks that leave the leaves falling with the onset of the first frost. The inflorescence of the tree same-sex, small. It is worth noting that the cover of the crown during pollination is developed weakly. Strong flowers are only female, male earrings can fall at the slightest blow of the wind. It is noteworthy that the oak is a tree, for pollination of which the scales of two floors are needed. Maturation of the fetus occurs in the roller, which is a small saucer. Subsequently, acorn grows in it. Each breed and roller shape are different. One species of acorns are elongated, the second is round and small, third-eyed - walnut. It is allowed to cross the rocks, however, it is highly likely to lead to a noticeable harvest.
Extremely slowly, however, it can live hundreds of years. The root system is formed throughout the first year, then constantly developing. Interestingly, after oak speech, after a while, powerful shoots abundantly germinate from the stump. Oak - a tree that is not too demanding to the soil, so the soil can be any. Natural reproduction occurs with acorns. Oak height varies up to 40-45 meters. The crown size depends on the breed and climate.
Description of cherry oak
This type of plant is considered ordinary, as it is the most common planet in the European part. Greens up the oak from the acorns in just six months. Next, for 20 years, its barrel, crown and roots are formed. reaches a height of 50 meters. The trunk and branches are thick, powerful, can withstand even a squall wind. Under moderate conditions and the developed root system, cherry oaks can live to 1000 years. The bark of dark brown color, thick. The leaves are oblong, grow beams, have from 3 to 7 stupid blades with minor teeth. Flowers such trees in the late spring. Oaks ordinary love the sun, as it is a ferry-resistant plant. Acorns in length up to 3.5 cm.
Features of oak fluffy
Most often, representatives of this breed are found in the Transcaucasia, in the Crimea, as well as in Malaya Asia and in the south of Europe. In the height of the trees reach only 8-10 meters. Different durability and heat resistance. It must be said, such breeds of oaks are significantly inferior to many other varieties in height. But they have a very winding thick trunk with splashing branches. Due to minor sizes and wide crowns, the plant often published resembles a big shrub.
The length of the leaves can sometimes reach 10 cm. In shape they are volatile, grown in pairs, the blades are slightly pointed, dark green. Interestingly, scales surrounding acorn are very fluffy and soft.
Structure of stone oak
The homeland tree is considered the Mediterranean and at the moment they are actively cultivated in North Africa and Europe. This is an evergreen plant whose height is 22-25 meters. Gray barrel, smooth. Croon spread, thick. The leaves themselves are small, in the form of changeable, shiny, bright green color, leathery. Fruits ripen only for the second year. The oak grows rapidly, despite the climate. It is suitable and frost to -20 degrees and heat up to +40. Shadowish, drought-resistant. The breed is called the stone due to the fact that the trees are mainly growing on the rocks, in the mountainous area.
Distinctive features of the oak red
Most often meets on the banks of the rivers. Do not like stagnation of water in the soil. North America is considered homeland, in particular, Canada. In the height, such trees reach 25 meters. Externally, the trunk is slim, smooth. A gray bark with time darkens and cracks. Oak tolnoid crown, green with yellowish overflows closer to the ground. The leaves are large, sometimes their diameter reaches 25 cm. Have pointed blades. Autumn blush and fall.
The fruits are small, spherical, dimensions - no more than 2 cm. Ripe acorns of red, slightly giving brown. Ripen to the end of autumn, the first year is fault. Stable fruitiness - up to 20 years. The tree is frost-resistant, calmly opposes a strong wind and bright sun.
The birthplace plants is the east coast of North America. Large plantations are celebrated in forests with rich limestone soil. Easy to get along with other breeds of oaks. It is important that the range is not above a kilometer above sea level. White oaks do not endure strong frosts. The height of the adult is about 30 meters. Crohn is powerful, tolten, formed by splashing branches. Corn color - gray. Old trees are almost not cracking, in contrast to the cherry breed. Oval leaves, large (up to 22 cm), have up to 9 blades. During the dissolution, they blush, in the summer - green, closer to winter become violet and fall. The length of the acorns - up to 2.5 cm. Fruits are almost not covered by flakes, so they often fall from the tree from severe winds of the wind.
Oak description Large-ended
These trees are the North American appearance. Germinate up to 30 meters high. The trunk is thick, brown color, is strongly cracking after several years from the moment of shooting. The tental shape of the crown is achieved by powerful empty branches.
The foliage is oblong, blade, has a dark green color, glitters in the sun and after the rain. In the fall, the whole crown is popped, sometimes with thin branches. It is worth noting the diameter of the leaves - 25 cm. Justice is large, often reach the length of 5 cm. Oval shape, on the third are covered with scales. Suggest a large-scale oak with an average speed. Seeds are very moisture and frost resistant. Because of this breed is considered decorative.
Reserved chesttopalist oak
Widespread in Armenia, Iran and the North of the Caucasus. Cultivation is not amenable. Most of the plantings are wild. In the middle of the 20th century, these trees were listed in the Red Book, so their deforestation is strictly prohibited. In the Girkan Reserve, they are followed by particularly trained people. Interestingly, chestnutal oak is a mixture of several wild rocks growing mainly on ridges. Very frekest, moderately racks to frosts, but does not endure droughts.
When the tree bloom looks like a huge chestnut, 30 meters high. The trunk is pretty slim and thin, the twigs are spread. Large chestnut-cut leaves additionally emphasize the entire gradability of the tolten crown. Acorns swell to 3 cm long.
Swamp oak (pyramidal)
The birthplace of the breed is considered the southern regions of Canada. In height, the tree reaches about 25 meters. Krone from afar resembling a pyramid. It is worth noting that the trunk is practically merged with the leaves. The fact is that the bark of the marsh oak is completely green with an admixture of brown. The leaves are average, have deep cuts and teeth. The color of the crown is green, but by autumn it becomes purple. Fruits spherical, seating, about 1.5 cm in diameter. Oak seeds love water, like adult trees. For extra moisture, the root system goes deep into the ground. The habitat area is a swampy terrain. Pyramidal oak grows quickly, with prolonged frosts dies. Often great wild plantations can be found on the shores of lakes and reservoirs.
Growing and reproduction
Saplings of the oak cherry and large-scale are very demanding to moisture and the mineral wealth of the soil. That is why they quickly spare in the floodplains of rivers and deep forest sublinks. It is not recommended to sow oak saplings into a podzolic soil. In such a soil, the sprouts will die quickly, as the roots will not be able to consolidate due to the high acidity of humus. Seying acorns preferably late autumn. Fruits should be fresh. If you allow the slightest drying of the acorns, then the germination will decrease at times. Planting depth - from 5 to 8 cm. Before growing oak, it is important to know that the soil when crops should be fertilized. To protect the sprouts from pests, it is necessary to cover with their sweetheart. It is also important to maintain a stable soil temperature (at least +2 degrees).
Many gardeners are wondering how to grow oak if other trees do not give across the circumstances. You can use the procedure for breeding. Green cuttings should be rooted in the first half of summer. It will not be superfluous as a fertilizer with special heteroaceksyn. In addition, you need to know that the cuttings of young trees germinate much faster and easier than old (more than 20 years).
Features trim dubov
Representatives of this family of trees love careful care, despite the fact that they are considered wild. Especially on yields affects the pruning procedure. Oak - tree with monopodial branch. Consequently, the main stem must continue to grow until the end of the life of the plant. In this case, the top cannot be limited to height. She always dominates the rest of the shoots. Trimming branches should be done every few years. The optimal period of removal of the branches will be the early spring or end of winter. It is important that the air temperature is not lower than -5 degrees. Otherwise, frostbite will appear on the sections. By the summer, these branches are dried to the ground. If there are a large number of them, then all the tree will die. Only new shoots, increments and sore branches should be removed.
Useful and harmful properties of oak
In medical purposes often use bark and young tree branches, as well as acorns, less often - leaves. In the upper layers of the oak barrel contains a lot of resin, acids, sugar and pectin. The composition of the fruits includes such useful substances such as organic oil, proteins, starch. In young leaves there are tubyl components, dyes and groups of Penotosanov. Due to this, effective anti-inflammatory funds are made of wood and fruits.
The antispasmodic properties of oak are also well known. For example, it effectively helps with colitis, intestinal bleeding, gastritis, spleen and liver disease. Oak tincture increases mental and physical activity, soothes the CNS, improve the permeability of the vascular system. On the other hand, preparations based on this plant are contraindicated to children and patients suffering from constipation, hemorrhoids, nausea, stomach ulcers.
Resource usage
Oaks in most cases are used in construction and cooking, as well as in the light industry. From sawdust make traffic jams and furniture. Wood is optimally suitable for surface vessels, strengthening, machine structure, barrel manufacture. The boards do not swell, burn well, differ in strength, hardness and density. When oak leaves are blooming and ripen acorns, the time of culinary comes. In North America, the fruits of wood are often added to coffee, candy and the most sophisticated dishes. In Asia, acorns are used fried with spices.
The interest of gardeners to how to grow oak from the acorns is based on the need to breed high-quality cultures. By purchasing seedlings, it is impossible to be fully confident that it is successfully adapted in specific climatic conditions. The use of adult trees fruits makes it possible to estimate its grade and growth rate.
Such an original method of breeding culture, as the development of oak from the acorns, is a more laborious process, will require more time and knowledge than when using ready-made seedlings. It is a set of events, including: preparation of planting material, picking, choose a place for constant placement of a tree.
Preparation of material for landing
Oak cultivation is made only from high-quality fruits. For successful cultural breeding, it is necessary to give preference to solid material, without mold and damage. His shell must have a glossy structure, without traces of failure. Another sign of its readiness for germination is a slight removal of solid hats. It is recommended to harvest it with a margin in order to be able to be able to choose the most viable sprouts. Before it is processed, you should open the shell of several instances to assess the condition and suitability of cultivation. High-quality fruits are 2 shares of a saturated yellow color, in the place of the joint of which the embryo is located. It is necessary to abandon the use of copies with gray sluggish particles.
The choice of acorns is carried out in autumn or spring. The assembled material is subjected to additional testing, which consists in dipping into water. You need to pour fruit into a container with liquid and monitor the process. Separate copies will pop up. The remaining acorns are used to form sprouts, and the rising to the surface are considered unsuitable. At the same stage, there are examinations of overly soft instances. The selected material was washed in a soap solution to eliminate microbes and mold.
Before germinate, it is subjected to stratification - exposure to low temperatures. For this, the dried acorns are placed in a container with moss or chips that preserves moisture. After that, the container is cleaned into a cool place for germination. It is recommended to keep fruits in the cellar with sufficient humidity and ventilation. The extension of the material occurs at a temperature in the redistribution of 0 ° C. Capacity contains in the room for about 3 months, after which the prepared material in the ground is made in the spring.
The stratification procedure is a measure of primary hardening of the acorns, it is necessary for the appearance of germination and better adaptation to natural conditions. It is necessary to periodically check the status of the repository, not allowing excessive moisture or dryness. In the first case, the seedlings are subjected to rotting, in the second - loss of germination. The violation of normal air circulation contributes to the reproduction of bacteria and the development of diseases destructive for sickening fruits.
Landing material in the ground
Two methods are used for dubbing oak from acorns: the immediate introduction of the prepared fruits into open ground and the development of a seedling with its subsequent placement in the garden. In the first case, the procedure is most often carried out in spring, which is due to the best adaptation of the material in the soil. Then how the likelihood of its successful development does not exceed 10% of the total number of landings. To grow oak from the acorns at home, most often resort to the first method. Despite his painting, with its help from a small fetus, in most cases, a seedlock is successfully developing, and later a strong tree.
For seeds, both common floral containers and separate cups are used. In the first case, the soil is easiest to endure closer to heat and light. The advantage of the second way is the lack of need for mandatory picking. It is only necessary to do holes on the bottom to ensure fluid outflows, prevent the revenue of the acorns.
For disembarking, seeds are used as store compositions, so independently prepared mixtures. An indispensable condition is the high fertility of the soil. To obtain household composition combine gardening ground with a humus and leaf substrate. To plant oak, use loose soil, deprived of sand or clay impurities. It is recommended to use the Earth from under healthy oaks growing in parks and forests.
A distinctive feature of the seed landing from the seeds of other crops is a method of making into the soil. Do not establish fruits vertically, they are slightly pressed, laid on the barrel. It is recommended to use the method of seating the doodles into the cups. This measure is due to the intensive development of the root system, which is strongly intertwined with the next specimens, which will complicate further pickup.
After entering into the ground, the oak seeds are watered. For successful adaptation of the material, it is important to constantly maintain the high humidity of the substrate, but not allow it overflow. It is necessary to place the tanks on the well-lit plot deprived of drafts. The emerging green shoots should ensure scattered lighting, and in the hottest clock and completely remove into the shadow.
Subsequent development of sapling
After 1.5-2 months after putting the acorns in the ground, you can observe the first shoots, of which the leaves will later develop. If no separate cups were used to form seedlings, and general containers, as the shoots develop the seedlings. The procedure is carried out for developed stems with a height of at least 15 cm. Before planting a seedling, the following characteristics of its readiness for the procedure should be assessed:
- a developed root system consisting of healthy light branches;
- strong stem;
- excess the size of the sprout over the capacity of the container.
The strengthened seedlings are moved to the pots of large volumes for better development of the root and the formation of the stem of the future tree. Some gardeners are recommended, they say, immediately plant shoots into an open ground, skipping the intermediate transfer stage in a large pot. But this method is associated with risk and can lead to premature death of the plant. It is recommended to gradually adapt it to the conditions of the natural environment, periodically takes it on open air.
This measure is aimed at hardening the future tree. Without it, even the strongest seedling will not be able to successfully adapt and grow into a tree. This procedure is carried out only in the warm period of the year, avoiding the placement of the container on the draft. After 2 years after putting the acorns into the soil, you can land the formed trunk in open ground.
Landing saplings in the garden
It must be remembered that the crown of oak can reach the width of over 20 m, and therefore should not be placed in the front of the site so that it does not block the house. For the same reason, it is necessary to properly prepare landing holes so that the seedlings can firmly root in the soil. Dubs must be planted in the removal of a small diameter, but considerable depth. For better placement of the roots, it is recommended to prepare pits in the form of a cone or triangle.
For successful oak cultivation, it is important to choose the right place for its permanent placement. The process is carried out on the basis of the following rules:
- remoteness from water pipes and buildings, during the repair of which you can easily damage the branching root system of the tree;
- remoteness from other green plantings, which is due to the high need of culture in moisture;
- cultivation on richly polished areas;
- if you wish to protect or fill the house with light, it is necessary to place a tree in the eastern or western side.
Only those seedlings that are completely sprouted and grew out of the premises in the open area. For this purpose, the pits are pulled by a thick layer of drainage, on which the composition is placed from wood ash, lime-puffs, a small amount of potassium and compost in conjunction with garden soil. It is important that the part of the barrel flowing out of the root is 3-4 cm towering over the soil. After falling asleep, you should additionally tighten the Earth for the best fixation of the young Dubka.
During the first days after disembarking, seedlings are abundantly watered. You can use the standard soil moisture method, but experienced gardeners recommend using a drip irrigation method, which consists in placing around the pit of the hose system and dispensers. So the oak acorns are completely irrigated without the accumulation of fluid in the pit, which can provoke rotting roots. It is important to remove weeds in a timely manner and loosen the soil. Before the onset of cold weather, it is necessary to trim the tree, cutting off dry non-visual shoots. As the Oak, as adapting and rooting, the oak will cease to need these manipulations, demanding only watering into arid days.
Dubki grown from the acorn houses are planted early in spring. This measure is due to the need for successful adaptation, the best strengthening of the roots in the new soil before the formation of leaves. For the same purpose, additional events should be held to protect seedlings from pests. It is recommended to treat a young church of pesticides to prevent the defeat of the flue. It is necessary to disperse young oaks to protect against rabbits and other pets that feed on the leaves. For several years after disembarkation, it is necessary to mulch or wipe the trunk with dense material, to protect against freezing.
The cultivation of the tree from the acorns is a time-consuming process consisting of several stages. The basis of cultural breeding with this method is the right choice and preparation of the planting material. After that, it is necessary to form full-fledged seedlings that bring into open ground.
Video - How to grow oak from acorns
- What to grow a tree
- Preparation of acorns
- Germination
- Soil for oak
- Dub Transplantation
- How to determine the readiness of shoots to the change of place
- Search for a suitable place
- How to plant
- Oak care
Adult oak is a high proprietary tree with a thick foliage and a solid trunk. No wonder he is a symbol of power, strength and knowledge from ancient times, what the folk tales and works of the classic A.S. are narrated Pushkin.
In the modern world, the oaks are planted in park and roadside areas, in the country area and even at home in a pot, decorative bonsai is growing in a special way.
The cultivation of oak in conditions close to the home, and the subsequent transplant of it to the country site or the local area will allow to acquire their own trees and wisdom, which will delight the eye not to one generation of observers.
What to grow a tree
You can get a healthy and strong plant from any planting material - a yellow or cuticle. In the first case, more time will be required, from the finished escape, the high oak will grow 2-4 years earlier. The cuttings must be prepared, germinate root. However, there is no guarantee that such a seedling will take root. It is easier to grow oak from Zhlouda, therefore, preference gives exactly this method. The growth rate in the first 2-3 years is significantly higher than the next years, because the development of development will become a fascinating activity for small family members and rabbing - lovers.
Preparation of acorns
You can raise oak from zhinding quickly if you properly prepare the planting material.
The collection of fruits produce in the fall, when the tree swollen leaf and the aches are completely ripe. In search of material are sent to the deciduous forest. In Russia, the rest of the rest is found in chicken oak, other ordinary names, summer or English. The plant is characterized by frequent branches, medium-sized leaves with rounded edges, a brown-gray thick bark. The height of the adult individual is up to 40 meters.
Distinguish 2 types of ordinary oak: winter and summer. The summer leaves are blown in late spring in May-June, the autumn almost do not change the color and fall out until October. At the winter, these processes occur on 2-4 weeks later, the leaves by October acquire a dark brown color and can remain on the branches until the next flowering.
For the germination, the fallen oak fruits are suitable. It is necessary to listen to his thoughts - shake it and determine whether the kernel live in it (it should not blame). From the place of collection you need to take a little fallen native foliage and the top layer of the soil. They are necessary for preservation of the material until the landing.
At home, it is once again checking the suitability of the material: cold water is poured into the basin and the fees are lowered there. The copies quickly on the surface of the copies are empty, they will not grow anything. Repeat checks are carried out in 5 minutes: those that have not come across, are good raw materials for landing.
The most natural and favorable planting of the tree in spring, the fruits are sent to the hibernation in the conditions approximate to natural:
- Take a jar with a lid, in which there must be holes for ventilation;
- Put into it the collected soil interspersed with foliage;
- Place in the "fur coat" with an acute;
- Close the can with a lid and remove into the cellar or refrigerator, where the temperature is not lower than + 2-3 0 C.
Such a "conservation" imitates wintering under the snowy infusion and the seed is preserved in pristine.
Germination
Before planting the frightened fruit in the ground, it is necessary to stretch the roots. For this, closed "nuts" are placed in a wet environment, for example, in a package with a wet sphagnum, and leave in the refrigerator for 90-120 days. How much time the roots will occur, depends on the tree variety.
When confident roots appear, the future seedling must be protected from mechanical damage.
If you failed to stock raw in the fall, you can find a glory left immediately after the melting of the snow, when the sprout has not yet entered the soil. It is necessary to quickly pack it in a wet environment. For a long time to hold the seedling outdoors can not - the roots require constant moisturizing and care.
Soil for oak
Oak unpretentious to the soils of the middle strip, but loves fertile soil rich in nutrients. In order for the staggering sprout does not fade, it is sled to the moistened land, taken from the place of growth of the maternal oak. If such is not, you can take the soil in the country or fertile garden plot, add peat moss to it or vermiculite to hold water.
The pot must be drainage holes to remove excess moisture. The planting of a sprouted material is made to a depth of 3-5 cm. For the first time, the seedlings can be used to grow small plastic cups, which are conveniently placed in the apartment on the window sill. The planting is covered with a wet rut or cloth, create a greenhouse effect with glass or film with ventilating holes. The first year and up to 10 years, the growth rate of seedlings can reach 25-35 cm, then the process slows down.
As the plant grows, it is necessary to transplant in larger dishes with the substitute for the soil.
Dub Transplantation
When seedlings fastened, it is time to transplant it into the ground in the open area.
How to determine the readiness of shoots to change the place:
- The plant has reached 15 cm growth or more, it is higher than a pot of more than 100%;
- The root system is formed, the central rod is clearly detected, it has a healthy white color;
- The plant has already let the leaflets.
Search for a suitable place
Oaks can be replaced without prejudice only at an early age. When a tree sits in one place for a long time, its root system grows and deepened, the plant thoroughly occupies its place. This fact must be taken into account before the transplant. There should be enough free space on the site, new homes and structures should not be put near the oak - the root system is in the future it is capable of disrupting the integrity of the foundation.
Oak does not endure a dark place - it is impossible to plant it into the shadow or under other adult trees, it will long be a long time, the growth rate drops significantly, the mighty state representative of the beech family will not have to wait.
Where to plant oak at the cottage:
- The place must be open;
- The light-lubricant oak should be determined in the West - the south of the site;
- In the future, a grudge tree with a rich crown itself will be the source of a dark place, because the seedling in places where it is inappropriate, not worth it;
- Near the place there should be no communications and tracks that may be damaged by roots.
How to plant
Algorithm of action for a successful transplant:
- The platform is cleared of high grass. How much space is needed under a seedling depends on the desired result - for a powerful tree requires a free diameter of 15-20 m.
- The platform with a diameter of 1.5 meters is hammered by achieving the homogeneity of the soil and its bursting to enrich oxygen.
- They dig a hole with a depth of several centimeters more than the length of the roots, moisturize it.
- From the pot, the seedling is taken out with the soil and move it into the prepared hole, the earth is sprinkled, compacted.
- Rudely watered landing. Do not be afraid to flood the roots - the excess moisture will go deep into the soil.
- At a distance of 30 cm from the barrel in a circle, mulch is poured - it will protect the ground from drying out and the spread of unnecessary weeds.
The same action plan should be adhered to if you want to do home oak. In this case, the capacity should have a volume of at least 100 liters. Of course, how much do not care, the pot plant will not become so big and powerful, but will please the eye with greens for a longer time.
Oak care
Like any plant, young dubble requires care and attention. At first, on the open space "Novosyla" can feel uncomfortable - a new place, soil, lighting. It is important to constantly monitor their condition.
Young swords are attractive to birds, rodents. In order for the uninvited guests to spoil the plant, it is satisfied with protection - a small frequent fence around the landing. To avoid attack insects, the foliage is treated with pesticides.
Any type of young oak requires high illumination and constant moisturizing. To avoid competition on the site, the space around needs to be cleaned from foreign plants and fast-growing trees.
The first time the oak requires constant irrigation.
It is necessary to care for the plant until it is strengthened, on average up to 4-5 years. Upon reaching this time, a young church of up to 1.5 meters high will be born at the cottage.
How to grow oak is now clear, there is nothing difficult in it, it's enough to be patient for several years.
Already in 30-40 years old, one-beding oak begins to be fruit - once every 6-8 years, acory, from which new seedlings can appear on the branches.
The Slavic peoples of Oak since sincerversion is considered a symbol of male strength and the personification of the power of the people. Therefore, royal people or just distinguished people in the past times were made not only to gifts, but also a wreath of oak branches.
Where and how the oak grows.
Nowadays in the world there are more 450 different types of this tree. Now the oak is widespread not only in Europe and Asia, but also in America and even Africa. This is one of the highest trees that often reach a height of 50 m and the most amazing that up to 5 m in grip. The trees of such a height in the world are not enough, but such a power can only boast of oak.
What else is the famous oak.
Oak is especially valued because of the beautiful and very durable woodFrom which it is especially expensive, luxury furniture. It breeds fruits, which are spinning - acorns. Ripen fruit fruit, like the fruits of others - in autumn. They are rich in starch. Sometimes they are used to prepare a surrogate drink that resembles coffee to taste, and in antiquity, and even recently, in the second world war and during hunger of them prepared bread
.
Their oak leaves in antiquity cook healing decoctionThat saved the gum diseases, healled the brushing and cut wounds, helped stop the outside, and internally bleeding.
Quercus.) - the genus of shrubs and trees from the beech family. Oak is widely famous for its power and strength, oak height can be 50 meters. These trees grow pretty slowly, adding at the beginning of centimeters at each time, and only then in width.
How much does oak live?
The DUC tree is considered a long-lived, often associated with wisdom and durability. And not in vain. Oak life expectancy up to 5 centuries, although there are copies in history that live more than 1000 years.
Oak description. What does oak look like?
Oak is a leaf fall tree. Oak dimensions are impressive. The average height of it is about 35 meters, although there are also 60 meter giants. Oak thickness can also be quite impressive. Oak barrel on average about 1.5 m in diameter, covered with dark bark, dyed cracks, winding and wrinkled.
From the type of oak, the form of a sheet of wood depends. Oak leaves can be blade, gear, peristoid and others. Oak branches indirect, curved. This torture is explained by the fact that the Oak tree reacts very reacting to the sun's rays. Run shoots are drawn to light and therefore change the direction depending on the period of the year, weather and time of day.
The root system of oak is very well developed. Usually the roots of oak are huge and go deep into the ground. The crown of oak and its form largely depends on the conditions in which the trees grow. In the forests mostly trunks of oaks straight and even, separately growing plants on the plains are very strongly distributed. Crowns of such oaks in girth are measured in meters. If the tree has grown in extreme conditions, for example, with a lack of moisture or under the frequent impact of the wind, the crowns of such oaks are deformed and not completely clear and correct in shape.
Dube flowers
Oak blooms late in spring. Oak flowers small and green, invisible among foliage. Men's flowers consist only of stamens, women - from a pestle. Male flowers are going to inflorescences, similar to earrings. Women are on short stalks, they look like green branches with a red top. It is from female oak flowers grow acorns.
Types of oak
All over the world grows a large number of types of oaks. There are about 600 in total, although there are data that they are not more than 450.
The most popular types of oaks:
- Oak puffy;
- Oak molding;
- Oak swamp;
- Oak rocky;
- Oak Georgian;
- Oak Long-fashioned;
- Oak Mongolian;
- Oak chestnutal.
Where does oak grow?
Most often, Oak is found in regions with a temperate climate, in the northern hemisphere. Although some types of these giants are found and tropics, however, only in those places where the air temperature is not very high, mainly in the high-mountainous regions.
Oaks grow well on rich soils, they love the average level of humidity, but are known species that exist on swamps, or, on the contrary, in conditions of lack of moisture.
How to grow oak from acorns
Oaks are fruit, starting from 30 years after landing. Oak fruits-vegetable. Decorative types of oaks are quite easily multiplied by vaccinations. The optimal version of the oak landing is in the fall, to the first snow and frosts. However, during this period, oak justs can be eaten by small rodents, so they often retain them until spring and planted with the onset of warm days. For landing, it is necessary to choose alive oak seeds, which consist of yellow cotyledons with yellow or reddish embryo inside.
How to plant oak?
Oak landing option is also the collection of germinating acorns in the park or in the forest in early spring immediately after snowing snow. Such seeds with sprouts can be immediately planted in the ground, taking care, so that the fragile and not yet faster sprouts do not dry and do not break down. Oak seedlings must be protected from weeds and do not forget to water when drought.
Therapeutic properties of oak
The use of oak is quite wide. Oak fruits, bark and oak branches are often used in medicinal purposes. In addition, the luxurious oak wood is very valued.
Oak bark - Medical properties
Oak bark, the use of which is found in medicine is very useful. Oak bark is used to relieve inflammation, is an effective wound healing and astringent means. The decoction of the bark of oak treats gastric diseases, allergies, skin diseases, throat, mucous membranes, is useful for gums. Oak acorns also have beneficial properties, they help with diarrhea, gastric bleeding, hernia treatment, burns, skin problems.
The bark of oak for use in medicinal purposes is assembled in the spring. Most values \u200b\u200braw materials with young branches and trunks. After collecting a bark, it is necessary to suck, but not for long - 2-4 days. For long-term storage, this process needs to be increased to the achievement of crust of fragility.