Building a private house is a rather long process that requires certain time costs and considerable effort. Many owners of country sites want to save on construction by performing part of the work with their own hands. To figure out how to make wooden floors in a private house, it is worth taking care of the preparation of materials, as well as about choosing the necessary tools.
Selection of floor design
Before starting work, select the type of floor design. Among the most common, such varieties can be distinguished:
- single;
- double;
- concrete floor.
The choice of a certain design relies on the characteristics of the building in which the floor will be on. The main factor affecting such a decision is the nature of the exploitation of the house. When choosing a single design, it is worth considering that it is only suitable for summer houses or cottages. The device of such a floor in a house with year-round accommodation is unacceptable.
The boardwalk in this case simply fits on the lags. The thermal insulation of such a floor is very low. To build such grounds, you do not need to prepare a lot of material. Works on the single floor device are carried out fast enough.
If it is decided to build a capital private house in which you can live at any time, you should do the building of the double floor. This design is more insulated than a single option. The main layers of such sex are rough and finishing coverage. The layers of hydro and thermal insulation are placed between them. Such a device is capable of protecting the entire design of the house.
Often the black layer of double floor in the country house is performed from the unedged board. The finishing finish is performed from the headboard. All stages of work can be carried out independently. Thermal insulation is usually performed from clay.
Another option to create a floor in a private house is a concrete base. Such designs are performed using a filling of a concrete screed. If you comply with all the requirements when creating such such sex, it will be durable and durable. It can also be separated by any coating.
Laying wooden floor
The wooden floor to create a coating in private houses is chosen quite often. This is due to its environmental purity. Many want to have high-quality wood coating. Such floors are distinguished by a number of significant advantages.
With careful processing, wooden flooring can serve as decades without changing its appearance and physical characteristics. In addition, wooden floors have high thermal insulation properties. They create in the house comfort. In addition, the installation of wooden flooring is carried out with their own hands. It will take to prepare a standard set of tools.
Before making the floor in a private house, it is worth taking care of the choice of wood variety. It should be selected in accordance with the type of structure. The floor is arranged from several layers. It should contain heat and waterproofing. The subfield serves as an air layer. Due to it, wooden elements will not be exposed to moisture. They will not be disposed of mold or fungus.
Pauling during operation is constantly experiencing mechanical loads. That is why wood that will be chosen for the floor should have good technical indicators. Before the device coating the boards should be dried. The humidity of the wooden elements should not exceed 12%.
Also worth visually inspecting the elements of the future floor. They should not be chips and cracks. Otherwise, this may affect the quality of the coating. Also before laying, wooden elements are processed by antiseptics and antipirens. This will extend the life of such products.
Wood floor mounting is carried out in the following sequence:
- First, determine the installation sites of the supports. In place of the crushed fertile soil should be filled with gravel. From above the sand falls asleep. So the pillow is performed. Each layer should be carefully tumped. The ends of the support pillars turn into waterproofing material. Typically, the reference drive is used for such a goal.
- After that, you should put the beams. And attach to supports with the help of corners and screws. The floors in the country house should be carefully insulated. Professional builders are recommended before mounting insulation to lay plywood sheets. Mineral wool is usually used as the insulation material.
- When the insulation layer is laid, you can begin the execution of the draft flooring. The boards should be chosen in such a way that they fit tightly to each other. Self-tapping screws are used to connect with beams. About 1.5 cm is left between the draft floor and the walls. Such gaps make it possible to eliminate the skewers of the design during thermal expansion.
- A vapor barrier is stacked on the draft floor. It usually has a thickness of 200 microns. The joints of the canvas are glued with construction scotch. The edges of vaporizolation are hardened on the walls on a height of 20 cm. After laying the film should begin laying the finishing coating.
For finishing floor, boards are used from the array. Plywood sheets can also be used. They are much easier to fix. However, their appearance leaves much to be desired. For this reason, it is better to choose tipped boards. Phaneur can be closed with various decorative trim. The floor of the boards is usually covered with varnish. This allows you to protect the coating from various influences. Also, thanks to the use of varnish, it is possible to emphasize the aesthetic properties of the wooden floor. It is possible to build a warm floor with your own hands in case of concrete screed.
Concrete floor
Creating a concrete base requires a certain preparation. First, the site on which it is planned to create the floor must be cleaned of garbage. You also need to remove the top layer of the soil. Earth should be tamped. Gravel fall asleep from above. In the design of the concrete floor, thermal insulation should be performed. The gravel layer falls asleep with sand. As soon as it is tamped, a polyethylene film can be to belated. It will become reliable waterproofing.
Then work is performed according to the standard scheme. On the waterproofing layer are placed reinforcement bar and concrete mortar is poured. Concrete screed in this case is performed similarly to the one that is equipped in the apartment. To the floor turns out to be even, it is necessary to set beacons. As soon as the concrete gets dry, they should be removed. The solution is recreated using the rule. The work is performed from the wall toward the doorway.
In the process of filling the concrete solution, it is better to do work according to certain rules. For example, the mixture should be fresh. Also, in the process of its preparation, the cement is used by a certain brand. It should be no less than M300. In addition, water and sand drops are added to the solution. Plasticizers increase concrete strength.
If the screed is performed more than 5 cm, reinforcement should be laid. For this purpose, a ready-made grid is usually acquired. It is placed on the waterproofing film. When creating a warm-alone system in a country house, the use of plasticizers and reinforcements.
As soon as the concrete gains strength, you can pull out beacons and fill the empties formed by concrete solution. Completely solidification of concrete takes about a month. The warm floor in a private house will require styling the heating elements or during the fulfillment of the screed, or after its construction.
Floor drying is performed according to certain rules. The base should be closed with a plastic film. Within three days, concrete must be saved. If there is a warm floor system in the screed, it is prohibited to be prohibited to fully solidify the solution. Otherwise, the floor is cracking.
Finishing
To lay the finish coating is simple enough. Decorative elements are mounted independently. The choice of finishing decoration depends on the tastes of the owner of the house. It is also worth considering the features of the floor operation.
There are several options. The most common of them is a boardwall. The finishing floor in this case does not need to be further close. When choosing this option, it turns out quite beautiful and practical coating. In addition, floorboards will serve not one dozen years with proper processing. They are usually impregnated with special compositions and covered with varnish. This allows you to protect the floor from the effects of dirt and various chemicals.
Concrete floor in a country house is usually performed taking into account the styling of the finish coating. For his finishing, parquet is usually selected. However, such a floor will cost quite expensive. It is characterized by high ecology and excellent degree of thermal insulation. Performing parquet floor in the country house is inappropriate, because it does not plan to constantly accommodation. However, for the capital structure, such a coating will be optimal.
Among other materials for the floor are to highlight carpet, laminate, tile and linoleum. Laminate is laid in the living room and bedrooms. Linoleum is suitable for sex in the hallway and kitchen. The tile is also used to cover the floor in the kitchen and corridor. For the bedroom should also be used carpet.
The manifold of modern colors and materials of the floor design allows you to choose a more optimal coating option for yourself. Floors with different drawings look very beautifully. Natural stone and wood looks effect.
findings
To understand what types of flooring are more suitable for a private house, you should know the features of the operation of the structure. For example, for a cottage house you do not need to equip the floor in several layers. It is also not required to warm. Such buildings are used only in the warm season. Also, the flooring device in a private house is usually performed using wood. Such material has a low price, as well as simply and quickly mounted.
Capital buildings will have to equip a more complex design. The wooden floor should have several layers, including hydro and thermal insulation. Before the device of such a floor, it is necessary to carefully prepare. Also necessary to choose quality materials. Before deciding, the floor covering of which type in a private house should be familiar with the peculiarities of each type of floor.
The concrete base is performed in stages. It is chosen only if necessary, create a reliable and durable floor.
Any person who is conceived by the construction of housing, among the questions that arise naturally comes up and such - how to make the floor in the house? This is one of the most important points, since from high-quality work and the selected method will depend not only heat in the premises, but also the durability of the entire structure. Therefore, before choosing the view of the future floor, you need to carefully think about and calculate.
As in a wooden and brick house, the floors of the first floor can be made in different ways, and much in this choice will depend on the height of the structure of the structure. So, the floor can be arranged with:
Concrete screed made in the already built house or before the construction of the walls;
Lag and overlap beams with a boardless or plywood flooring;
Dry screed of the necessary thickness;
Integrated design, when a wooden coating or a dry screed is placed on a concrete base.
In addition, it is necessary to know that the screed can be made in different ways, taking into account what decorative coating will be laid from above it, and whether any work will be carried out on its additional insulation. Therefore, it is necessary to consider all options.
Pouring screed on the ground before the construction of the walls
This basis is made immediately after the ribbon foundation will freeze. A similar screed is calculated that the floor will continue to be warm, otherwise it will remain cold, and therefore, there will be a noncomfortable temperature in the house.
The convenience of installing a concrete base in this case is the freedom of action. When the walls are not raised, it is possible to freely dissolve the soil of sortie frozen basement and bring the material to frighten the pillows under the tie. In addition, you can order a ready solution on the company engaged in the manufacture and delivery of building materials, and it will be possible to ride it to the right place, pour and distribute without any problems. It will save from the long and labor-intensive work on the independent production of large volumes of concrete.
Another advantage of this approach to the pouring of the screed can be considered a good strengthening of the foundation and further convenience in the construction of walls.
- The work is carried out in stages, and the first of them consists in alignment and, if necessary, removal of excess soil. It is removed so that his place was taken by pillows from sand and rubble.
- At the site of the future screed, the primer is tacking.
- From above the sand pillow, which will serve as peculiar waterproofer. Every 10 cm of sand thickness is wetted and well tumped before the next layer is embanked.
- Crushed stone laid on the sand, give the ST's durability. The layer thickness will depend on the height of the foundation, and in general, the screed must rise to the ground level.
- Further on the rammed and lined crushed stone put the reinforcement grid with cells 100 × 100 mm.
- After reinforcement, a concrete solution is poured. Since the concrete basis will further be warmed, and the floors, in most cases, rise to lags, then the solution is not required to do thin - it may consist of cement and gravel. For the same reason, there are no excessively high requirements and to thoroughly aligning the surface, although the "cleaner" will be the foundation, the easier the further stages of work will go.
- So that the concrete layer is durable, in the process of frozen from the second day after the fill, it is wetted with water.
When the basis is ready, you can build the walls and engage in roof, and further work on the day and insulation has already been carried out after installation of windows and doors.
Video: Pouring the concrete base of the floor before the construction of the walls
Screed on the ground in the already built house
If the house is built, and the flooring device is left as the last final stage before finishing the walls, the base under the tie is somewhat different.
- The first action is performed in the same way as in the first case - the soil is recreaked and the ground.
- Next comes a very important point - this is the laying of waterproofing. In this case, it is best to use runneroid. He will protect the screed from moisture, and hence the walls.
Make waterproofing and from ordinary polyethylene, but only you need to choose a material having a greater thickness. But this is not the best option, since the polyethylene film becomes fragile from interacting from cements, and waterproofing will not differ high reliability.
In any case, the waterproofing should be sealed, so the sheets are placed on 10-15 cm.
The sheets of material lift the walls and secure. The waterproofing layer should be raised to a height of just above the future screed.
In the corners, cut the waterproofing material is not recommended - it must be accurately folded and also consolidated.
- After the waterproofing is arranged, the preparation for the pouring of the screed can be carried out in different ways:
The most popular embossing option is the ceramzite of the largest fraction. If the underground is deep enough and the heat insulation by clay is carried out, it is placed in layers. Between the layers, additional waterproofing layers can be laid.
Another way of snowing can be an option similar to those used when laying before the construction of walls. Pillows from sand and rubble are placed on the waterproofing, their thickness will depend on the height of the lined walls. On top of these rammed layers, a polyethylene film is settled, on top of which clamzite is embanked, which acting the role of the insulation.
- After frustration and seal all the layers, the reinforcement grille is fixed. The solution of the screed is laid on it. It may be a rough rough screed, which is made from cement and gravel, but it will need to be aligned with a pure concrete thinner solution.
- If the layers are not so much, and the entire fold consists only of clay, it will only be enough for the finishing fill with concrete solution and aligning it on the installed beacons.
Wooden floor on lags
Usually, the boardwalk is laid in a wooden house, but if desired, it can be done with a brick or panel structure. Again, there are several options for the wooden floor device on the lags.
1. The foundation for the wooden flooring is sometimes made at once upon completion of work on the foundation.
- Overlapping beams are placed on the foundation, pre-setting several layers of rubberoid and processing the end of the log or the massive bar protective antiseptic and waterproofing means. Beams must lie at a distance of 1- 1, 5 meters from each other.
- Next, the lags will be fixed on which the draft floor is then suitable, and the floorboards are nailed.
This option can be applied in the event that the rooms in the house are not too long width. Another way can be so-called, "Floating Paul".
2. The features of the design of the "floating" floor are that for the beams of overlapping the support are not the foundation walls, but brick or concrete columns, which are installed on the ground in the underground space.
- The columns are set at a distance of 1-1, 5 meters from each other. For them, pies are pounded by the size of the perimeter of the pillars, adding 7-10 cm to it.
- The bottom of the holes are strengthened by rubbing and pillows from crushed stone and sand. Then the waterproofing is stacked and the brick column is laid out. Its height can be different, depending on the depth of the underground. All columns must be aligned by one horizontal level.
- When the masonry solution is thoroughly dry, waterproofing from the rubberoid is stacked on top of Tolbov. The beams will be fixed on them or immediately lagows. Further, just as in the first version, suit rough and finishing floor. In addition, insulation can be carried out.
- The black floor is arranged from the boards, which are fixed from the bottom of the lag. Boards can be tightly fitted to each other or secured at a distance. The first version of the PR is called in the event that the insulation of the insulation of the shallow fraction will fall asleep. The second is suitable for laying mats of mineral wool or foam.
- Before laying the insulation on the black floor, the boards are littered with vaporizolation material.
- The insulation is placed on it, which, in turn, is also covered with steam barrier film, and only then plywood or boards are fixed.
3. The following way of laying boards or plywoods to lags is the design, the basis for which the concrete screed will be.
- On the concrete basis there is a markup for the correct placement of the lag. Bruks are laid out on the applied lines. They can be fixed directly to concrete, and may be raised to the height of the special support elements - adjustable racks. Both in one and in another case, the lags are aligned by one horizontal level in the longitudinal and transverse direction.
- After installing the lag, floor insulation is usually carried out using mineral wool, crumples, polystyrene foam or other modern materials.
- The insulation from above is covered by a membrane of vaporizolation. At the final stage, plywood sheets or boards are covered.
Video: An example of a floor device on wooden lags
Using a dry tie.
Using a dry screed, you can make floors and soil, and on a concrete base. Installation of the floor from a dry screed is quite simple and is made fairly quickly.
- If the soil underground is raised high enough, then by making it reliable on it, you can immediately make a frighting from small clay. However, in order to avoid sedimentation of the floor with any state of emergency (for example, during flooding during abundant melting of snow), it is strongly recommended to prevent this process of filling a draft screed with reinforcement.
- The prepared surface is scattered with a clamzite composition for a dry screed and pre-smash it.
- Then set to the bulk material lighthouses - guides from galvanized metal profiles. They are exhibited by level, at a distance of 80- 100 cm from each other. You do not need to fasten them, because after aligning the screed, the beacons from it are removed.
- After aligning the entire floor (you can spend this work and in areas), the layer is placed on the crumpled and the ramble layer hypusoloconne Plates.
- On special GVL - sheets for the dry screed, platforms for their castle compound are provided. It is applied with glue, and the panels are connected, twisted with self-drawing, forming a one-piece canvas. On this surface, then you can put any decorative coating.
"Dry screed" will become an excellent basis for any finish floor covering
The article produced only a brief overview of some existing types of flooring device in the house. Having learned how this could be done and choosing the most optimal It is necessary to study the technology of its installation in detail and strictly observe the sequence of stages and follow all the recommendations. If you fulfill everything correctly, then, even without having experience in the arrangement of the floor, you can perform this work yourself.
To build a private house, you have to work a lot, and all the processes performed require considerable costs.
In an effort to save, some make part of the work independently, therefore the question arises, how to make the floor in a private house without calling for help building brigades?
Make such work under the power of everyone who has all the necessary materials suitable tools and certain knowledge.
Varieties of floors
Diagram of the device of single and double milking Before starting work, it should be declared which design will be at the main coating.
Among the most sought-after species, the following types of floors should be highlighted:
- single;
- double;
- concrete.
The choice of each of them is due to the constructive features of the construction, in which future installation is planned, and the conditions for further operation.
Features of the device flooring
Single floors are recommended only for giving
Single sex is, as a rule, a pretty simple design, which is not necessary to spend a lot of materials and time. The flooring is fixed directly to lags with nails.
The disadvantage of such sexes from the boards is limited in application. This coating is most often used only in the country, or in small houses and fully performs only the functions of the deduction of the severity of all items and people inside the room, together with moderate cheapness.
In the room where year-round accommodation is planned, such structures are used less and less.
Double floors consist of a pure and rough screed, have thermal insulation Double floor is a design suitable for laying indoors in which people will be all year round. What is the floor to make it warm, even when is it cold on the street?
It consists of a design of two layers: rough and finishing screed. Between them, waterproofing and thermal insulation materials are stacked. They perfectly protect against destruction not only the floor, but also the whole house from purge and dampness.
Floor Device Scheme The draft coating is performed from the unedged board, and the piston - from the t-shirt. All processes in which the construction of sex needs in a private house can be performed with their own hands.
Concrete floor is an ordinary filler screed. To perform it, preparatory work is first implemented by the dismantling of the old coating and placement of the guides, then the waterproofing layer is stacked and the solution is made, which is filled by the prepared section.
In order for the floor to be high-quality and ready for further finishing works, it should be provided with the required time.
Concrete Consumption Table for Flooring.
Wood single floor
The instruction presented below will disassemble how to make the floor in a private house correctly, while complying with the sequence of all actions.
- The single floor device will be performed on the columns, which, as a rule, are mounted in the process of erection of the main structure. At the same time, the interval between the pillars should be withstanding at 80 cm. Subsequently, 10 cm thick beams are stacked on each of the supports.
- On top of this design, lay a grid of lag, which should be a cross section of 5x5 cm. If the overlap board has a cross-section of 3 cm, then the distance between the lags should be maintained at 50 cm. Set up the level of the system using special wedges and firmly secure nails.
- A rough floor of the unedged board is placed on this design with their own hands, and the flooring is laid on top of this layer, as a rule, linoleum or laminate.
For such floors, thermal insulation of a large role does not play, as they are constructed for temporary or utility buildings.
However, when placed in residential buildings before laying a draft floor, the space between lags should be filled with sheets of foam or expanded polystyrene. Positive properties are insignificant cost and speed of construction.
Double floor of wood
The device of this design is somewhat more complicated. It includes in its composition along with a rough screed, layers of steam, heat and hydraulic protection with a fixed coating on top of a tier. The last layer is usually performed from a t-shirt.
How to build a floor to keep it in the summer cool and ensured a pleasant microclimate in winter? For details on the right floor of the floor, see this video:
All processes can be performed with your own hands if you adhere to step by step instructions:
During the placement of the boards, it should be borne in mind that an air pocket should remain between vapor barrier and layer of pockets, at least 2-3 cm.
For good ventilation in the air pocket, perform special through holes that need to be covered with a decorative crate.
Concrete floor
Initially, marking is made for the manufacture of such a coating. To do this, use a laser level, which exactly will help set the marks for which threads will be stretched.
Calculation and toolkit
Concrete floor device To implement all the processes, you must have:
- vibrotable apparatus;
- ruberoid;
- small clay;
- polyethylene durable film;
- foam plates;
- reinforced grid;
- alcohol or laser level;
- rake.
Only when performing a durable, perfectly even concrete floor can be hoped for high-quality furnace flooring.
Concrete floor device
Before making floors in a private house, you need to familiarize yourself with the instruction that will help make all the processes in a clear accordance with the standards and rules:
- Initially prepared the base of the surface on which the concrete floor will be performed. For this, a draft base is prepared, which can be performed from broken brick interference or rubble using concrete M100.
- The next stage provides for a waterproofing layer device. It is very practical in this case to use the runneroid.
- After that, it is necessary to take care of thermal insulation. It is possible for this purpose to use clamzit or plates from foam. In the middle lane, it is advisable to place both these layers at the same time, starting with foam.
- On top of the laid layers, it is advisable to place a small wooden crate with the subsequent laying of the chain grid.
- On top of the erected frame, starting from the far from the entrance of the angle, begin smoothly fill with concrete with simultaneous resurrection by the Rule on the marked Lighthouse Lines. Pouring is carried out in one right.
- The finish stage is the leveling of the upper layer with a liquid cement solution or a special self-leveling composition. On how to fill the draft floor properly, see this video:
To successfully accomplish the tasks on the fill of the floor, follow the instructions attached and purchase high-quality consumables and devices.
When choosing an outdoor coating in a private house, the climatic conditions of the region, the features of the planning and purpose of the premises are taken into account. Types of floors: concrete, on dry tie, wooden. Unlike the apartment, the cottage does not require permission to a water warm base. To install it, make calculations, pave pipes and connect them to the heating system. Heated substrate makes it possible to save on heating.
What coating is better to choose?
One of the stages of the construction of the house is the floor. Choosing its design, take into account the conditions of operation, materials, financial capabilities of the owner, interior. You can make floors in a private house:
- wooden;
- concrete;
- with the basis of a dry screed;
- warm.
Wooden bases are popular due to the environmental friendliness and availability of the material. They keep warmly warm, pleasant to the touch. It is easy to clean, repaired, have a beautiful appearance, do not require trim. They are often arranged on the first floor as cold.
Single floor of the board has a simple design: the sawn timber is attached directly to the lags. The main minus of such a coating is the limited application, it is laid on the cottages, in summer houses with seasonal accommodation, non-residential premises. For the house, in which it is planned to live year-round, arrange a double wooden floor consisting of a base, rough and finishing coating. The lack of wood is exposure to rotting, fungi and pests. To protect against them, the material is treated with special means.
Concrete floor is popular due to a small cost. Pouring can be made with your own hands, if you know the foundations and have a construction experience. One of their flaws - a lot of time is required to burn the screed. Concrete is cold, so the base should be inspired. At the final stage, installation of floor covering is required. Depending on the designation of the room, it can be a tile, laminate, linoleum, carpet.
The dry screed is mounted faster, makes it possible to create additional thermal insulation, put on top of any floor covering.
Warm floors are popular due to efficiency and high efficiency. They allow you to save on heating. They can be made by the main source of heating or combine using radiators. Cheaper in operation The base with a water heat carrier heated with a gas boiler. An option with electric heating is thinner than with water, it is easier mounted, quickly turns on and disconnected, it is more convenient.
Wood flooring
In order for the floor in a private house for many years, it is necessary to choose high-quality wood. Flooring is experiencing significant mechanical loads, so the sawn timber is chosen with high technological characteristics. It should be well succumbed, with humidity no more than 12%. Unacceptable deformation, cracks and chips on the surface. Experts recommend using coniferous rocks: cedar, pine, fir, larch.
To protect against fungus and pests, the tree is covered with an antiseptic, to increase fire safety are treated with antipiren.
The device of the floor includes lags, an underground, rough and finishing coating, heat and waterproofing. The subfield performs the function of the air layer that prevents the accumulation of moisture. Without her, the tree will quickly come into disrepair.
Installation consists of stages:
- 1. First install reference pillars. They can be brick, foam blocks, etc.
- 2. Then the fertile layer of the soil is removed, gravel falls asleep, the sand pillow is saturated from above. Each layer is thoroughly tamped.
- 3. At the next stage, waterproofing is stacked, fixed on the ends of the reference pillars (maintaining the runneroid).
- 4. Next, with the help of metal corners, lagows from the edged bar are fixed.
- 5. The space between the beams is filled with heat insulator. Experts recommend using mineral wool.
- 6. After laying the insulation, a draft coating is mounted on the support timber. The boards are tight to each other so that there are no clearance. Lagas are fixed with self-tapping screws.
- 7. On the perimeter between the walls and the flooring, the air clearance is 1.5 cm for ventilation, as well as to protect the walls from the expansion of floor boards during drying.
- 8. A vapor insulating layer of plastic film is hardened on the draft coating. Shakes of the bands are additionally fixed with scotch. The edges wrapped on the walls (approximately 20 cm).
- 9. When the vapor barrier layer is fixed, the first coating of boards, parquet, corks are mounted.
Wooden floor can have a concrete base. In order not to be height drops, it is done using a self-leveling mixture. Then the waterproofing layer is then placed under lags, the studs are mounted for fastening them. Place the beams with a step of at least 60 cm, the holes are pre-drilled in them under fastening material. Free space is filled with insulation. The finishing floor or Phaneru, on which decorative coating, are placed on top.
How to make a concrete screed?
The device of the concrete floor passes in stages. The base is preparing: rubbish, plants, the top layer of the soil is removed. Then the markup is made. It is more convenient for this to enjoy the laser level. It is installed at the bottom of the doorway and draw on the walls of the marks, which determine the line of the future floor. To measure the level of the room in the center of the room, in the wall, according to the markup, clog nails and stretch the twine.
Next, gravel is done. Kens are installed so that they are lower than the future level of the cement screed by 10 cm. Begin to pour gravel from the wall, which is opposite the door. When the area is completely covered with the height of the pegs, the latter are removed. Over the gravel is suitable for a sand pillow. Both layers are well tumped.
At the next stage, waterproofing from polyethylene is a thickness of at least 250 microns. It is necessary to protect against moisture. The film is placed so that its edges enter the walls by 10-15 cm, above the cement screed. All seams of polyethylene bands are connected by construction tape, switch to fill.
With the help of the level, the beacons made of wooden rails with a step of 1-1.5 m. Rake to the upper edge should touch the stretched twine. After setting the lighthouses, the rope is cleaned. For a concrete screed, only fresh solution is taken, which is prepared from the cement of the brand not lower than M300, sand and water. To make concrete stronger, plasticizers are added. If its thickness exceeds 5 cm, reinforcement.
Before filling to the waterproofing layer, a special grid or fittings are placed. Begin concreting from far wall, pouring space between the first two slats. Then, with the help of the rule, the solution is cleaned, the excess is removed. When concrete grab a little, remove the rails. The forms of voids are filled with a solution and aligned with a graking for plaster.
After the sealing of the slots, concrete is closed with a polyethylene film and leave to dry for 3-4 weeks. Specialists recommend during drying with periodicity in several days to remove polyethylene and moisturize the coating. This procedure will allow it not to sweat and gain maximum strength.
Laminate, linoleum, ceramic tiles, plug are placed on the concrete screed.
Secrets of a warm floor device
Warm water floor acquires increasing popularity. It can serve as the basis of heating or maintain comfortable living conditions. It depends on the general heat loss, climate in this area, the design features of the private house. For wood flooring, they are not suitable, as the tree does not spend heat. The best option is a cement screed. Water heating concrete floor is used for the first, basement floors, if the base is a sand pillow.
Installation of warm floors, with their own hands begins with the preparation of the base, it should be even without deepening and protrusions. The permissible value of the differences is 5 mm. If defects are in height or depth exceed 1-2 cm, pour the aligning layer of fine rubble with a grain of no more than 5 mm.
The heat of the warm floors is carried out in two methods: snail and spiral. With the 1st version, the entire surface is uniformly. Thanks to the helix, the best heating in colder sections is ensured. Therefore, the first hot branches are mounted in this zone. According to the drawing of the laying scheme, the required pipe length is calculated.
For heat floor, only a solid tube is used. If the area is large, set several heating circuits, each of which should not exceed 100 m, so that there is enough pressure to circulate the coolant.
Use better metal-plastic pipes with a diameter of 16 mm. For thermal insulation, the insulation is laid with a thickness of at least 5 cm. If the base is the ground, or the floor below is a cold room, the insulating layer is made by 10 cm. For heat losses less, on top of the heat-insulator, the metallized film, which performs the function of the reflective screen. It also requires protection, so the polyethylene (75-100 microns) is littered from above. Film strips are put on a mustache, fastening the seams by construction tape.
Pipes are fixed with fasteners: metal mesh, planks, plastic brackets. The fill is performed after the styling is made, a connection to the collectors is made, and the system is filled with a pressure coolant 4 bar. Damping tape is stacked around the perimeter to compensate for the expansion, heat insulating the floor from the walls, eliminate cold bridges through which heat is lost.
A reinforcing mesh is mounted on top of the pipes, if slats and brackets were used as fastep. The tie of concrete is made from 5 to 10 cm, there must be at least 3 cm of solution above the pipe. In case of insufficient thickness, surface cracking is possible, the heat loss is inevitable when re-free. While concrete is captured, it is covered with a polyethylene film to maintain normal humidity. Fully screed freezes 28 days.
Dry screed - alternative to cement coating
The floor based on a dry screed is mounted faster than wooden or concrete. It is important to pick up high-quality bulk material: slags, silica, perlite or quartz sand, fine ceramzit.
If you correctly distribute the mixture in the area, it almost does not give a shrinkage, is a good heat and soundproofer. Such grounds for good execution will serve for a long time.
Phased installation begins with a waterproofing device from a polyethylene film. Materials are laid on the walls of 10-15 cm. Then the beacons will then be installed to serve as an alignment. The dry mixture is poured on the base and is distributed exactly over the surface using the rule. So that the mass does not crumble, wooden partitions are installed at a distance of 60-80 cm.
On top of a dry screed, sheet materials are laid: Faneru, moisture-resistant GWP slabs, etc. So that the surface is smooth, it is important to put the first sheet with the level, and then the rest, focusing on it. Installation starts from the door, moving along the wall so as not to disturb the fatty fat. At the same time, the plates are not pressed into the full mixture, move the surface neatly. Horizontality is checked by a building level. The covered areas before the flooring is well tumped, especially in places of significant loads.
Hypus fiber plates are combined with the help of the folds that are on them. The finished sheets are placed on the mixture, shifting each next half, as when laying bricks, to increase stability. To make sexual coating more durable, the second layer is arranged over the second layer, and its sheets must be perpendicular to the lower. The upper and lower layers are fasten with glue and self-drawing. Screw fasteners under load, the role of which performs the weight of the wizard, which has become on the top sheet. On the doorways, the material does not join, the canvas should be in both rooms.
After mounting the junction and the screws of the screws are appleed to align the surface. Before the finishing processing around the perimeter of the room in places of fitting, the coating to the walls are caused by a waterproofing material, for example, a sealant. In the bathroom, in front of the decorative trim, the plates are covered with coating waterproofing.
During the construction or repair of a private house, the owner is forced to look for answers to many questions - what materials are used in the construction of walls and finishes, by which methods produce construction work, how to protect the building from the inside and outside of negative impacts, etc. Among them Outdoor coverage - how and what to do it. One of the most popular options is currently the concrete floor in a private house. And about how to equip it in two main versions - on the ground and overlapping, - you will learn in this article.
Let's start with consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of concrete when creating an outdoor coating in private construction. Pluses from the floor from this material are as follows.
Also, each owner of a private house should be aware of some shortcomings related to the use of concrete sex.
Tools required for self-use of the floor from concrete
Before entering into the consideration of step-by-step instructions for the coating of a concrete solution, we will present a list of tools that will need a master to perform this work.
Table. Concrete floor in a country house - work tools.
| Tool name | For what is applied |
|---|---|
| Six concrete from the main components. |
| Running the soil, sand and gravel, kneading concrete, the excavation of the earth under the pit floor on the first floor. |
| Storage and carrying cement and other components of concrete. |
| Sealing soil, as well as sand and gravel pillows to create a reliable plate plate from concrete. |
| Control of the position of lighthouses, applying marking before starting work on the construction of the floor from concrete. |
| Giving smoothness and evenly formed concrete screed. |
| Work with small amounts of solution, primary milking concrete for tie. |
| Elimination of small cavities with air in the thicker not frozen concrete screed. |
| Transportation of sand, cement and other bulk building materials. |
| Stripping grabbed concrete from "cement milk". |
electric concrete mixer
Important! When working with the floors of a large area, it is more expedient to noticize the entire concrete itself, but to order it with a truck with a stirrer - the saving of time will cover an increase in costs.
Concrete floor on the ground with their own hands - step by step instructions
When furnaceing the floor on the first floors of private houses, one of the most popular options today is the creation of concrete coverage directly on the ground, without laying any overlaps. To begin with, consider the conditions under which such works should be produced. Next, we proceed to the description of the main stages of the creation of concrete sex on the soil.
Concrete floor device for soil
A concrete coating equipped with a soil consists of several layers of different materials, each of which performs a certain task. The first layer is the soil itself. It must be dry and thoroughly rammed. Pillows from sand and gravel pillows on top of it - they are necessary for additional leveling of the surface and the distribution of point loads in the area. Also, these layers help to weaken the effect of ground powder, manifested when the temperature changes. In some cases, when creating a simplified concrete floor, only sand falls asleep, without a gravel pillow.
Important! It should be understood that the concrete floor of the soil is allowed to be performed only under the observance of certain conditions - the level of groundwater should be located at a depth of 4-5 m and more, and the land should not be overwhelmed. Also, various movements and grounding of the soil at the construction site must be minimal, otherwise such a coating will quickly come into disrepair.
Further, if a large load on the floor is meant, a draft concrete coating is placed. On top of it there is a film for vapor and waterproofing, insulation. In the role of the latter, as a rule, the extruded high density polystyrene foam. A finishing concrete screed with a thickness of 30-50 mm and more reinforced by the reinforcing grid is created on top of them.
vibrotrambovka
Preparation and measurement
After buying materials and missing tools, it is necessary to prepare a construction site. To begin with, clean it from garbage, which will interfere with the work - stones, vegetation, brick pieces and other unnecessary things. Next, if the walls have already erected, mark the lower point of the doorway indoors - this is the level of your future floor. If necessary, make a correction to the thickness of the finish coating in the form of parquet, tiles or linoleum.
Now you need to make a solid line around the perimeter of the room, indicating the level of the concrete screed. For convenience, first make it at an altitude of 1 m from the lower edge of the doorway, and then by this template repeat the bottom - where the floor is in the soil and will end. After that, the shovel remove the Earth to the depth of all the layers of the coating you created.
Soil seal, adding sand layer and insulation
Now from the preparation, we turn to the step-by-step description of the arrangement of all layers of concrete sex on the soil.
Step 1. Cross the ground with a shovel and robber so that it is more or less evenly lying in the area. Remove stones from it if you see.
Step 2. Seal the ground in the place where the concrete floor will be equipped. Most often, a manual traamman is used for this - with this tool, bypass the "snake" surface, evenly tapping on the soil with an effort. If necessary, this step is repeated two or three times.
Important! In the absence of a manual traamman of the factory production, it can be made independently of the subwoofers located on the site. For this, both a piece of logs with manual and metal profile with a rather heavy and thick steel sheet.
Step 3. Prepare sand to fridge. To create a pillow under a concrete screed, use high-quality material with a minimum amount of extraneous inclusions. Put the sand on the site where the floor will be constructed, and evenly distribute the area. The minimum allowable layer thickness is 10 cm.
Step 4. Distribution of sand over the area is more evenly using a rake.
Step 5. As in the case of the soil seal, take a manual or mechanical traamman and go through the "snake" throughout the entire platform of the floor.
Step 6. Pour the sand with water - so it will be more densely and it will be even better to take it.
Step 7. Rent again with a traamwoman all over the area of \u200b\u200bthe sandy pillow. If necessary, repeat this operation until the moment when the sand does not remain in-depth traces from the shoes - only in such a state it will be sufficiently sealed for a concrete screed.
Tip! To achieve the best state of the sand pillow after a tamper, align it along the horizon, using the rule or just a fairly smooth wooden board.
Step 8. Place a polyethylene or any other suitable film to create a layer of steam and waterproofing to create a sandy pillow. The "Neighboring" film segments are connected to each other, which should be at least 5-10 cm - thus, the likelihood of moisture penetration or water vapor is reduced through this layer of soil to the concrete screed.
Tip! If the arrangement of concrete sex on the ground is carried out with a strong wind not yet erected and on the plot, then temporarily protect the film from blowing with boards or other items.
Step 9. On top of the steam and waterproofing, lay a layer of insulation, which use high density expanded polystyrene. As a rule, working with it is not of great difficulty - the individual panels are easily adjusted to each other. If necessary, they can be cut by a conventional building knife with a retractable blade. Placeing the insulation, remember that the rows of plates are joined by the same principle that bricks with laminate - transverse seams should not be on the same line.
Pouring concrete coating
After creating the auxiliary layers of overlappings, we begin to step by step description of the arrangement of the most important part of the design - a concrete screed.
Step 1. Prepare and mounted over the insulation reinforcing grid. With the help of plastic backups, slightly lift it in such a way that it remains in the lower half of the concrete layer - the reinforcement will take on the tensile load of the concrete slab on the elastic base from the insulation and the sandy pillow.
Step 2. Mix a sufficiently dense cement mortar to secure beacons. They can be made from an ordinary steel or aluminum profile, sliced \u200b\u200bin the width of the room. Each lighthouse is fixed in several points, each of which is a small amount of dense mortar. The interval between beacons must be less than the length of the rule. The optimal digit is 70 cm.
Step 3. Look out until the cement solution that holds the beacons will dry up.
Step 4. Six the concrete, the brand should be not lower than M150. At the same time, try to minimize the amount of water used - so you will achieve a high quality material and a small amount of cracks and microcracks formed during frozen. It will not be superfluous to add special plasticizers in a mixer to the mixer, which can be purchased in any large construction store.
Important! Some wizards, kneading concrete, use liquid detergent as a budget replacement for specialized plasticizers.
Step 5. Successful concrete lay out between the beacons and make the primary leveling of the Kelma. Then take the rule and form a smooth surface as possible, according to the level of the relevant beacons. Work with small sections of concrete. Having completed with one of them, repeat the same actions - lay out the material, crush the cylma and finally bring the surface to a smooth state with the help of the rule.
Step 6. Cover the concrete with a polyethylene film to protect it from too fast drying - otherwise the risk of the appearance of a large number of microcracks or cracks is increased, but large enough. In some cases, it is allowed to moisten the concrete screed with a small amount of water. Look until the mixture gains strength and hardens, and then apply a layer of self-leveling bulk sex - so you will get a perfectly smooth surface suitable for any type of finish.
Important! With an excessive amount of water in the concrete, it comes out, flushes some amount of cement. During drying, he remains on the surface in the form of a crust of light color, also known as "cement milk". It is necessary to consider it, otherwise, the coating under it will have less strength and durability than it follows.
Video - Floors on the ground do it yourself
Video - Floating floor screed. Types of solutions, fill methods, nuances and subtleties
Floating screed on the inter-storey overlap in a private house - the differences from the floor of the soil
In the process of its creation, a concrete screed on inter-storey floors does not have serious differences from what was set out in the previous section of the article. But at the same time there are several nuances that you need to know.
Creating a floor of concrete in its cottage yourself, remember that only strict adherence technologies and standards will provide you with reliable and strong coating, which will be able to serve not one dozen years.