Modern flooring should be placed on an absolutely smooth surface. Properly performed floor screed will make reliably fixed flooring, it will provide its neat appearance.
To determine whether a concrete screed is needed, you need to determine the purpose of its application:
- formation of a monolithic base for the floor;
- alignment of the basis of the floor for applying decorative coating;
- the need to fill the floor directly to the soil, for example, when building a basement;
- using a wooden floor base;
- sealing cracks, irregularities of an existing basis;
- hardening of constructed design;
- an increase in the height of the base for the floor;
- if necessary, forming a small slope for conducting specific technological operations;
- savings for major repairs.
According to the method of manufacturing, a screed for the floor is divided into "wet" and "dry".
"Wet" screed familiar to all developers, is used in most cases. For its manufacture you need to make a special solution, mixing cement with sand. Sometimes a mixture of cement with plaster is used. The solution is flooded with a solution, and then aligned in terms of the level. When using a classic cement and sand screed, additional reinforcement is required. If other dry mixtures apply, the floor does not need additional strengthening. The "wet" screed has spread greatly in private construction, so it is often chosen. Thickness can be several millimeters, sometimes reaches the threshold of 10 cm.
"Dry" screed is formed from large sheets or large plates. Their thickness ranges between the marks is 20-30 mm. Often used fiberboard. If the base of the floor has an uneven surface, needs a level adjustment, then you need to use a cement screed. Sheet material is not able to correct unevenness, so it is necessary to apply it to an absolutely smooth floor. Sometimes a dry tie is placed after pouring wet. It finally aligns the floor, becomes a comfortable basis for fastening facing materials.
Video - Floor screed and electrician
There is a classification of screeds by the number of layers.
One layer screed It is poured at one time, often for one day, and the multi-layer consists of several layers, for the stacking of which is always required for more than a day.
Usually, when performing work, first for rapid overlap produces a rough tie, which serves as an initial coating, it is necessary to ensure sufficient stiffery slabs. The next layer of the screed is performed already during facing works. Concrete is poured for several centimeters, forms perfectly smooth coating. The screed is often used self-leveling mixture, which facilitates the work, there is no need for an additional manual alignment of the concrete screed. The thickness of the black screed is always above 20 mm, and the threshold is pure starts from 3 mm.
Screed in various ways can be connected to the basis. According to this principle, it is classified on "solid" and "floating". "Solid" curbs with the basis as fast as possible. "Floating" is not connected directly to the base and walls. It is used if an insulating material must be used in the building. The screed layer is usually poured to a height of at least 3.5 cm.
Video - types of screeds
What to make a screed
When creating a solution in the position of the binder, cement and gypsum are used when using any components. Fill - sand, sometimes various additives from mineral or polymeric materials are used, which improve the appearance and properties of the mixture. All components for obtaining a finite solution are bred by water and mixed.
Cement ties can be used for any structures, as they do not lose basic qualities under the action of moisture. A homogeneous mixture is made from cement and sand, for its correct compilation, components are used in a ratio of 1: 3.
To speed up the cooking process applies sandbetone. Already a ready-made mixture can be purchased in building stores. The mixture should be thoroughly mixed, as it is possible for its significant shrinkage.
To avoid the appearance of cracks or inhomogeneous distribution of the composition, propylene fiber optic is added to the mixture.
If this component is unavailable, you need to reinforce the floor screed. In order for the applied screed to harden evenly, it must be periodically wateted with water. From the shortcomings of the cement screed can be noted its long hardening. Experts advise after its laying to stop construction work in contact with the surface at least 15-20 days.
In a professional environment is called anhydride. They are pretty simple in performance, quickly dry out for 1-2 days, rather plastic during the pouring. Not subject to shrinkage, so you can lay it on a very thin layer, without fear of the formation of an inhomogeneous surface. Gypsum easily absorbs moisture, therefore in the room where a large humidity is observed, it is not recommended such a screed.
Gypsum ties and cement You can buy in the form of dry mixes. Often, their composition add components that are able to simplify the procedure of the kneading, increase the flow rate, simplify the laying and distribution of the finished mixture over the surface. There are additives that are able to prevent the shy shop, to ensure the rapid evaporation of moisture, which will allow the screed to harden in a shorter time. If the developer applies dry mixes, the reinforcement does not need. You can lay out the solution manually or mechanically. Recommendations for the time and sequence of installation, the drying time of the solution must be clarified on the package of a particular material.
mix for tie gypsum
The mixture for dry screed is made using a special filler, for example, perlite, expanded polystyrene. The use of such a screed will make it possible to simultaneously align the surface, carry out waterproofing and thermal insulation, applying a mixture into one layer. To withstand large loads, it is done by the strengthened layer of a classic screed.
"Dry" screed with proper execution of work can be finished it very quickly. Fiberboard is used, dry-fiber plates. Sometimes multi-layer plates are used, in which there are special films and reliable insulating material in addition to drywall.
Mixtures requiring stirring with waterare classified for several types. Aligning are suitable if the basis needs to be aligned quickly, but there is no need to create a smooth coating. When breeding water, their consistency remains rather dense. It is allowed to lay them in a thickness of up to 10 cm. A perfectly smooth surface is not created in this way, but it is possible to obtain a relatively smooth base for overlapping additional building materials after leveling by a special rule.
Self-leveling mixes Use when it is necessary to install a smooth finish surface. After performing a screed from such a solution, the floor will be ready to impose any, even the most problematic in the installation of facing materials. The mixture is divorced by water to a smooth, homogeneous mass.
There are two types of such screeds: thin layer, in thickness not more than 7 mm, and thick-layer, reaching 3 cm in thickness. If the base has many drops, recesses or other irregularities, you first need to make a rough screed, removing all sharp transitions, and then apply a small screed, perfectly racing it and prepare it to the finish coating.
Self-leveling mixture
Video - self-leveling floors do it yourself
It is necessary to calculate what the height of the screed is needed. All height differences are taken into account, if any, the estimated level of the floor. The thickness of the screed is commensurate the surface of the surface drop. It is usually at least 4 cm. All walls in the construction are placed on the estimated level of fill.
The surface is cleared of all contaminants, for this you need to completely wash it with warm water. If the screed is superimposed directly on concrete, you need to take care of improving the quality of the clutch. For this, the concrete base is covered with primer. If the screed is laid on the waterproofing material, it is evenly bent for adjacent supports. Then the screed is called "floating", so its height is always more than 4 cm.
It is advisable to reinforce the screed if it is made of a solution formed by mixing cement with other components. For this, the reinforcing grid is stacked for the entire length of the floor. To deepen it from all sides into the solution, and not leave a tightly adjacent on the ground, you need to put small pieces of ceramic tiles under it.
To the screed pouring correctly, to control the level you need to install beacons. Rakes using self-samples are placed at the level of where the first floor mark is calculated. They are installed, withstanding a step in 1-1.5 m. If you use the screws, it is not possible, for example, if their installation can damage the insulating layers, then with the help of a rapid adhesive, the rails are placed directly on the base, and then the tools are set to the correct position.
Video - Paul preparation for pouring screed
The composition of the solution, the type of screed depends on certain factors, given that you can choose the optimal coating.
- Reinforced concrete floors, created from the monolithic composition, require sound insulation, which should be in the floor design. It will be necessary to perform a "floating" screed. Under it will be located a layer of thermal insulation, for example, from minvati, to protect it will be waterproofing film. It is possible to use materials made with the addition of liquid polymers.
- Parishboard overlaps do not need sound insulation, since they have the ability to eliminate loud sound. Immediately on them, a black screed is performed that does not give a smooth surface, and then a layer of a liquid mixture is used.
- Wooden floors also need a screed. Lags are installed, wooden flooring is superimposed on them. It is originally covered by layers of hydro and thermal insulation, then the screed is applied.
- The overlap, located on the soil or over the unheated room, requires the mandatory laying of insulating layers. The insulation must be hermetically protected from moisture on both sides.
If you need to make a tie of the floor of the unheated room, then only waterproofing is superimposed, the insulation is not needed.
Methods of laying
The cement-sandy solution must be plastic enough, liquid, crumbly. Dry mix must prepare exactly with packaging prescriptions. Work begins on the far wall, it is desirable that it is from the opposite side of the exit. Often the composition is placed using an ordinary shovel, the mixture is located on the slacks not higher than their level. The top layer is neatly removed when all the work is completed.
If the recesses in cement were formed, they are filled with removed cement surplus or the residues of the finished composition. To ensure the quality of the coating, you should quickly perform work, and after laying the screed, immediately align the cement under the noted level. Rakes are cleaned, turning around near the wall. The resulting blowouts are filled with a mixture. If only a rough screed is performed, and in the finishing there is no need, the floor is additionally aligned with the trowel.
When the screed is ready in the whole facility, you need to wait 24 hours. It is possible to walk freely on the screed the next day, however, the flooring can be set at least a week later, provided that the thickness of the screed is minimal. If it is more than 5 cm, you can continue repairs after 15-20 days. The ties made of dry mix dries in 1-2 days, after this time you can apply facing layers.
The pure screed is made using self-leveling mixtures. It turns out a liquid solution that is easily applied by base. A flooded screed must be aligned with a rocket or comb. To squeeze the air that can remain inside the coating, the screed is a needle roller. The calculation of the level is not carried out, the lighthouses are not necessary, since the thickness of the coating is small.
How to make a light tie - the answer to a similar question you will find on this page. We will tell and show how to prepare the floor, choose a solution and make all the work on the formation of a screed. Photo and video materials will make an article more visual.
Screed is the most effective way to create a solid, smooth surface for laminate, tiles.
There are several types of screeds, most often apply:
- Screed in lighthouses It is also called solid or blacks - the necessary space with solving it with a tool;
- Self-leveling - The area is poured by the compositions of liquid consistency, which, under their own weight, create a smooth surface.
Each of the species has its own execution technology.
Preparation of the floor surface
It is a mandatory step for a screed for lighthouses and for self-leveling. It is almost the same for both varieties.
Screed is made on a solid base. They can serve concrete slabs or a good ramble slag.
The old screed is necessarily removed by the perforator (in the case of the pouring of the draft). The joints of the slabs are lubricated with a solution. Excellent material for this serves, as it provides waterproofing. The base under the screed is cleared of garbage and dust.
If the screed is laid on wooden floorIt is desirable to be placed by plywood sheets or so that the slots remain as small as possible.
Only after the preparatory work can be started to basic work.
Technology screed for lighthouses
Lighthouses are needed to create a smooth surface of a screed, they are also called guides. This is most often used by a plasterboard profile 27x28 mm. In order to enhance their rigidity, you can put them one in one.
Installation of Mayakov
First, it is necessary to determine the zero level. This is the upper border of the screed. It is needed to install beacons at one level, regardless of the irregularities of the foundation.
Zero level is a strip around the perimeter of the room above the level of the base, which is drawn by chalk or beaten by a special construction thread. Output with a bubble or laser level.
Note. Both types of levels have the same accuracy. At the same time with laser, it is much more convenient to work. By the beam, you can immediately knock off the zero level along the entire length of the wall. The use of bubble varieties is a more time-consuming process that takes longer, as it is necessary. In this case, draw individual sections of the wall. Laser level more expensive.
Installation of supports for guides
After determining the zero level, you can proceed to install supports for guides. For this, plastic choppers with self-drawing are perfectly suitable. Supports are installed by rows along the walls from distant indoor angles to the output.
The distance between them should be 15-20 cm, but it can also be more, it all depends on the length of the rules that the solution will be resurrected. It should be long at least than the distance between the guides. In the process of work, it will become clear how to do everything right. Also for clarity you can watch the video.
With the help of the perforator, the holes are made, where supports are placed. Hats of self-tapping screws must be at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other, at one level with a line applied to the wall. Checking is carried out using a bubble or laser level.
In the case when the basis for the screed is continuing, the beacons can be rolled down the solution.
After installing the beacons, they are put on edges down. They should be unhindered to slide on self-drawing, in contact with the surface with all the supports in a row. Now you can prepare a solution.
Choosing and cooking
The construction market today offers a huge number of blends for a screed. Most of them are already ready-made compounds that include all the necessary additives. They must simply bring to the desired consistency with water. It is convenient and practical, but the cost of such blends is higher than that of ordinary cement. This causes high financial costs, and the greater the layer of the screed, the more money will have to spend.
The optimal solution in this case will be cement-sandy solution. It is most practical and universal. When dried, it creates a solid surface resistant to mechanical damage and moisture. And much cheaper than the finished mixtures.
The thickness of the screed of the cement-sand solution should be at least 3 cm. Otherwise, cracking the structure of the screed during drying is possible.
Do not confuse the grade of cement and the finished solution. The solution march is formed by the proportion of cement and sand.
For example, with a ratio of 1 to 3 cement and sand 150th solution Provided that the cement will be the 400th, and the ratio of 1 to 1 with the same grade of cement will give 300th solution.
The preparation of a solution for a screed with mixing components begins. It must be done carefully with a spatula or manually. To improve the properties of the solution, you can use a plasticizer. It is added to water prepared for mixing the solution. The required amount is 200 g. At 50 kg of cement. Taking into account the cost of water 22 liters per bag.
Add mixed sand with cement is necessary in water, and not vice versa. This avoids the appearance of lumps, which are difficult to break and reduce the quality of the solution.
When the cement-sand mixture is added to the water, it is necessary to stir the resulting solution with a spatula or other instrument. As a result, he should get thick. Consistency check is checked by set to a spatula of the slide of the solution and install it into the vertical position relative to the floor. He must stay on the soldier.
Sollar consumption
It occurs at the calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe screed. Suppose it will be 20 m. After that, it is necessary to calculate the volume. To do this, the area needs to multiply to the height of the screed.
For example, it will be 5 cm: 20 m x0.05 m \u003d 1 m (centimeters are translated into meters).
If the ratio of cement to sand 1: 4 is needed by 0.8 m of sand and 0.2 m cement.
In one bag of 50 kg about 0.038 m 3. But it is recommended to take an indicator 0.03 m when calculating the solution of the solution of the source material decreases.
Theoretical calculations are a very conventional indicator. Practice shows that you need to add another fifth of them to the resulting data from them.
Laying of solution
It is carried out by gradually filling the space from the base to the upper plane of the guides. Immediately it is necessary to ram the solution by the rule aside from the walls to the output. This is done in such a way that the surface of the guides remains visible. After the solution dry needs to be removed, and the cavities formed after them are filled with a solution and align.
More about the process of filling the screed in a private house you can see on the video.
Drying time
Depends on the set of different factors, such as:
- The type of solution used for the screed;
- Screed thickness;
- Air temperature and indoor humidity;
- Drafts, hitting the screed of direct sunlight.
Immediately it should be noted that the cement-sandy solution dries very long. On average, the screed 4 cm thick dries during the week - 7 days. Each centimeter from above adds a week. This is provided that the room will be maintained in the room. from + 20º to + 25º C, and moisture will be 65%. Accordingly, the change in these indicators changes the time of drying.
These are the data on which it is necessary to navigate, but they are not absolutely accurate. For accurate indicators there are special measuring instruments. But they are quite expensive and are used by experts. Buy the device for control over the same screed is not suitable.
Many confuse the decay of the solution with its complete drying. In the first case, the structure becomes monolithic and durable, it can be walking on it, but there remains moisture in the solution and it is impossible to drain on the screed. Drying is considered to be completely eliminating, evaporation of moisture, only after that you can continue to work.
Screed by self-leveling mixtures
Many professionals do not consider it with a screed at all. The reason is small indicators of the minimum and maximum allowable layer from 0.5 to 1 cm. It is also considered that self-leveling mixtures are finishing material in the apartment after a draft screed, which was considered above.
Whatever it was, such a technology exists, it is associated with solutions and is carried out by similar technology with a screed for lighthouses only a little easier.
Surface preparation
There is in addition to the classic, described in the beginning, the so-called protective or separation. This is when it is necessary to make a layer of self-level mixture independent of the base. To do this, before the fill it is necessary to eat on the base of polyethylene, and the walls are paved by damper tape.
Attention! If the layer of the finishing equalizer is independent, its thickness can reach 20 - 30 mm.
When pouring on a black screed of a self-leveling mixture, some experts recommend using a special soil. Others are opponents of its use. But practice shows that it is better to apply it and before starting work to cover the surface that will be filled.
Technological process
The screed of the self-leveling mixture is performed in the same technological sequence as the blacks, but only in a simplified version. No need to install beacons, and work with guides. You just need to determine the zero level. It is done as well as when tie for lighthouses. A line is marked on the wall. Make it is much easier than a laser level. After that, you can proceed to the preparation of the mixture and start the fill.
Calculation of material
It is also a little easier here. To determine the number of necessary self-leveling mixture, it is necessary to simply calculate the volume that must be pouring. Mixture manufacturers indicate the packaging their consumption, so the calculation is much easier. It also contributes to the fact that the mixtures are ready for use they do not need to be mixed with sand or other additives. Enough to mix with water and bring to the desired consistency.
About more or less accurate figures, in terms of the consumption of material it is difficult to speak, since in the construction market today a huge number of manufacturers offer their products - self-leveling mixtures and consumption indicators are returned.
Preparation of solution
It should be liquid and easily poured out of the container in which he knew. The average water flow rate during the dilution of the self-leveling mixture is 6 liters by 25 kg. Before homogeneous liquid mass is better with the help of a construction mixer.
Implementation of work
A finished solution needs to evenly pour the surface until its level reaches the mark on the wall. At the same time, it is not necessary to level anything. The mixture itself under the action of gravity and its own weight is leveled. Pouring is necessary from distant corners to exit. As a result, a mirror surface should be obtained.
Drying the bulk sex, it is also called the screed by self-leveling mixtures under the same optimal conditions from + 20º to 25º C with a humidity of 65% about 3 days.
To properly make the tie of the floor on the basis of cement solutions and concrete, the screed must match the purpose of the room and have the necessary parameters for this.
The screed can become a solid foundation for the floor in any room at home. Cement screed is not afraid of moisture and it is convenient to use it as the basis for the floor in wet rooms, as well as outside the house - on the terraces, in the garage. The warm flooring device in the premises is also not without a screed.
Solutions for tie.
Cement - Sandy Surgery
For the hardware, the traditional cement-sandy grade grade is not lower than M75. For the preparation of the solution, a mixture is prepared from one piece of cement and three parts of the sand. The strength of the finished screed rises if the screed laying solution will have a thick consistency.
Cement - sandy solution is easier to prepare and easier to lay in the screed than concrete. But cement consumption for the device screed with the necessary strength, more than for concrete. Therefore, the screed from the solution is more expensive than concrete.
In the solution should not add lime. Although the lime increases the plasticity of the solution, but reduces the strength of the screed.
Concrete conventional, dense-plastic consistency
For the hardware device, a concrete of class B10, B15, B20 is used. Crusp, gravel use as a filler concrete. The size of the filler granules should be at least three times less than the thickness of the screed.
Concrete for semi-dry screed (Hard)
For the preparation of concrete for a semi-dry screed, much less water is used than usual. The semi-dry screed has a higher compression strength (up to 35MPA) than screeds from a solution and plastic concrete. In addition, it is less prone to shrinkage, which reduces the risk of cracking in the screed.
Semi-dry screed is suitable for a warm floor device. Concrete for a semi-dry screed is conveniently cooking on a construction site in a special concrete mixer - a mixture that prepares concrete and immediately serves it with a flexible tube to the place of installation.
Composition of cement solutions for a concrete tie
Cement solutions and concrete can be prepared on the construction site. It is recommended to include additives to increase plasticity, accelerate the grabs and reducing the water permeability of the screed.
To obtain concrete of the required grade compression, it is recommended to use the following brands and quantities of cement:
In the process of storage, cement loses its activity. Cement consumption specified in the table is specified for cement with a storage period of no more than two months. Cement consumption with a shelf life under normal conditions for more than 3 months increase by 20%; More than 6 months - by 30-40%.
Cement with a shelf life of more than 12 months is not recommended.
When using a layer cement, 2-4 times increase the mixing time of the mixture. It is recommended to introduce additives that accelerate the hardening of concrete.
To prepare the concrete of medium strength, a mixture of 1 part (by volume) of cement, 2.5 parts of the sand of the middle size and 4 parts of the aggregate are gravel or rubble.
The specified ratio of the ingredients of the mixture is approximate and depends on many factors. For example, the amount of sand in the mixture should be sufficient to fill all the gaps between the aggregate granules. With large size of the granules, the amount of sand increases slightly, and for the fine filler, on the contrary, decrease. Cement consumption is also corrected depending on its brand, the storage period and the required concrete strength (see table above).
The prepared cement solution should have good plasticity, mobility. Such a solution is easier to align and is better compacted. To increase the plasticity, special additives are used - a sulphite-yeast maternity (SDB) in an amount of 0.15-0.25% of the cement mass; Mylonaf (M1) - 0.1-0.2% of the mass of cement, and others. At home, the master is often added to the concrete mixture a small amount of chopped on the rubber soap.
The mobility of the concrete mix also depends on the ratio between sand and rubble. The best mobility is achieved with some optimal ratio, in which the thickness of the cement test layer is maximum. When the sand is kept in a mixture of aggregates, the concrete mixture is less mobile, which is explained by an increase in the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe aggregate mixture.
To give a concrete mixture of plasticity in concrete, significantly more water is often added than (40 ... 70% of the mass of cement). Concrete should not be done too liquid By adding a lot of water. The screed from such a concrete will dry for several months, have reduced strength and frost resistance. The risk of significant shrinkage and cracking of the screed increases.
Excessive water that has not entered into a chemical reaction with cement remains in concrete in the form of water repeat and capillaries or evaporates, leaving air pores. In both cases, concrete will be weakened by the presence of pores and the greater the water, the greater the pores and thereby less the strength and frost resistance of concrete.
Dry Floor Screed Mixes
The best option, albeit more expensive, is the use of ready-made dry mixes for a screed device. Such mixtures are available on sale in the construction market. The mixture already includes the necessary additives.
Manufacturers may include microfiber - fibers that perform reinforcement function. Screed with microfiber is more resistant to shrinkage and cracking.
There are mixtures specially designed for a warm-alone screed device. This should be indicated on the packaging of the mixture.
There are quick-conchive compositions. On the screed from such a mixture, it is possible to lay outdoor tiles after 24 hours.
On the packaging of the dry mixture, there should be information about what screeds and laying conditions it is intended what strength screed for compression will ensure the use of the mixture.
For residential premises, the strength of the screed for compression should be at least 12 MPa, for a garage - at least 20MPA.
Types of floor screeds
According to the design of the tie can be associated with the base on which they are stacked, or stacked on the separation layer, or floating.
Bound-related tiesPerformed if the base is also made of concrete. For example, screed over a reinforced concrete slab or concrete floor preparation. To ensure adhesion, the screed to the base, the surface of the latter is specially prepared - is dustd and stuffed. The minimum screed thickness is 2.5cm.
In the screeds on the dividing layer There is a layer of waterproofing film with a thickness of a waterproofing film with a thickness of a waterproofing film with a thickness of a waterproofing film with a thickness of a concrete basis. The edges of the film cloth are stacked with an adhesive at least 10 cm and sealed with adhesive tape. The edges of the film wrapped on the walls.
The separation layer of the film prevents water leakage from fresh concrete. Dehydration concrete reduces the strength of the screed. Concrete screed should be placed on a separation layer of film in all cases when water leakage is possible from concrete to the base of the screed.
The minimum string thickness on the separation layer is 3.5 cm.
Floating screed Locked on a layer of insulation or sound insulation, for example, with a device or minimum string thickness 4.5 cm. subject to reinforcement. Floating screed thickness more than 7-8 cm. It is allowed not to rein.
Floor screed device technology in a private house
The screed is laid at the base temperature and air above +5 degrees. The technology of laying a screed does not change from whether the cement-sandy solution or concrete is used, including semi-dry consistency.
Works are performed in the following sequence.
Perform the preparation of the base on which the screed will be laid. For a tie associated with the base, the surface of the base from the garbage is cleaned with a vacuum cleaner and ground.
For the device, the screed on the separation layer and floating - laid a layer of sound insulation, over the separation layer of the waterproofing film.
On the walls and other vertical structures, fasten the foam strip gliphes or edge polyurethane foam strip 1-2 cm. To create a deformation seam.
On cakes from a rapid grappling cement mortar, guide rails are laid - lighthouses. Lighthouses are laid throughout the surface of the base with parallel rows in approximately 1.5 increments. m. and at a distance of 20 cm From walls. Wooden rails or various metal profiles, pipes are used as lighthouses.
There are special steel galvanized profiles for the device of lighthouses. Profiles are convenient because they are not required to get from the screed layer. But such profiles have low mechanical strength, increased flexibility and require thorough alignment when mounting on cakes and accuracy when pouring concrete.
The upper surface of beacons is aligned by level in one plane. If necessary, then ensure the required slope of the plane.
The solution prepared in the concrete mixer is fed to the place of work, and moving towards the door, it is evenly distributed between the beacons so that the solution thickness is slightly above the level of beacons.
The graking solution is pre-distributed between the beacons and compact. Finally, the solution is aligned with a wooden or metal rail - the rule by moving it along the lighthouses with zigzag movements on itself. If shells remain in the tie to the tie, they are filled with mortar and recalled the rule.
After the solution starts to harden and can withstand the weight of the employee, the lighthouses get from the screed. Make it in a timely manner until the solution grabbed finally, and carefully not to damage the screed. If a semi-dry screed is placed, then the lighthouses will be removed after 3-4 hours.
The slots in the screed, remaining after removing beacons, are filled with a solution and align the grater, making circular movements.
So far, the solution finally hardened, furrows are performed in certain places, cutting the solution with a spatula to the necessary depth. After grappling the solution, such furrows will have to cut through with a power tool with a diamond disk.
Compensation seams in the screed
Wailed compensation seam separates the screed from the walls and other vertical structural elements of the building - columns, supports of stairs, etc. The seam is necessary in order to eliminate the mutual transmission of stresses between the screed and house designs. Voltages may occur as a result of temperature expansion of materials or their shrinkage, as well as as a result of deformations under the action of loads.
In addition, the seam improves the soundproofing of the premises, making it difficult to transmit sound from the walls on the floor design and back.
For the device of the seam along the walls and other elements of the building, the elastic tape thickness is fixed 1 cm. For the entire height of the screed.
When placed in the tie pipes of a warm floor a compensation seam for the entire thickness of the screed is separated by the neighboring fields of pipes of the warm floor.
In addition to the deformation seam at the walls, in the screed make cuts, Which divide the screed into smaller rectangular sites. One side of the site should be no more than 3-6 m. In narrow corridors, compensation cuts perform across the corridor, every 2-2.5 width of the corridor.
In addition, compensation cuts are performed in the joints of different flooring, as well as on the border of changing the thickness of the screed, in the doorways and in other openings on the border of different rooms at home.
Compensation cuts are needed to compensate for shrink material shrewing. Without them cracking tie. Cuts are performed on a depth of 1/3 - 1/2 thickness of the screed. The width of the cuts depends on the thickness of the screed and the presence in the tie of the heap pipes.
If the screed is reinforced with a grid, then compensatory cuts should be located above the sections of the joints of the selected sheets of the grid.
If there is a tile with floor covering on the screed, then the compensatory incision must match the tile joint.
Compensation cuts can remain empty if parquet or laminate will be flooring. Cuts are filled with waterproof silicone sealant in case the flooring is tile.
How to reinforce the screed
Be sure to reinny thin screeds with a thickness of 4.5-5 cm On the separation layer from the film. Floating screeds, the base of which serves as a layer of insulation (sound insulation) or compacted ground, reinforced with a screed thickness 7-8 cm. and less.
If the screed has a thickness of the above mentioned, then the need for reinforcement is determined depending on the operational load. For example, a light tie in the garage for a car or on an outdoor terrace on a compacted soil is recommended to reinforced with a screed thickness to 10 cm.
Screeds made from the finished dry mixture containing the microfiber reinforcing fibers, in many cases do not require additional reinforcement.
Usually, the screed is reinforced by a steel wire with a diameter of 3-4 mm. The grid must have cells of 100x100 or 150x150 mm.
The steel grid is placed on remote lining so that it turns out to be approximately in the middle of the screed layer. The protective layer of concrete to the grid must be at least 2 cm. indoors, and at least 4 cm. When contacting a concrete screed with a soil.
On top of the grid, as usual, the beacons are installed on the pellets from the solution and align them in terms of the level.
Thickness and level of screed in rooms at home
When choosing the thickness of the screed, the strength of the base is taken into account by the screed, the presence or absence of reinforcement of the screed and operational load. In addition, there are restrictions on the minimum thickness of different types of screeds (see sections of the article above).
In different floors of the floor, the thickness of the screed selected by constructive considerations may be different. For example, the thickness of the screed in rooms with warm floors should be such to cover the heating tubes with a layer, at a minimum, 3 cm.
The house is convenient to have floors located in all floors of the floor at one level. Only indoors where water can be spilled on the floor - in the bathroom, toilet, the floor level is recommended to do below 1 cm. than in adjacent rooms.
To make floors in the premises at the same level, it is necessary to take into account that the flooring, which is placed on the tie in the premises can have a different thickness. For example, the thickness of the coating of porcelain stoneware in the kitchen is different from the thickness of the parquet in the living room.
In order to determine the surface level of the room in the room, first outline the level of the coating of the first floor on the floor. To do this, choose a room where the total thickness of the tie and floor covering is the greatest. The level of the first floor in this room is taken for the level of the floor of the floor.
Then, the selected level of the floor floor is transferred to other premises. The level of screed in the room should be lower on the floor coating thickness.
In the floor premises, the thickness of the screed selected from the design considerations is adjusted under the specified level. If it is possible, the level of the base of the screed is adjusted, for example, change the thickness of heat insulation under the tie. Choose the most economical option.
To determine the levels of surfaces when working on the device in the house of the screed, it is convenient to use a laser device - a level gauge, or a hydroelectric background - a transparent tube filled with water. Applying a rack with a bubble level will not provide the necessary accuracy.
Laying tie.
The styling of the room in the room is carried out in one reception, without breaks. When planning work, it is taken into account that the traditional solution must be laid within two hours after cooking. The suitability time for laying solutions prepared from the finished mixtures is indicated on their packaging.
The solution is placed outside the doorway by several centimeters, and then cut off excess on the border of the compensation seam.
The surface of the screed is raised with a smooth iron one after 8-10 hours after laying, until concrete has completely grabbed. The semi-dry concrete screed, laid with a concrete pump, is watched after 3-4 hours. Alignment eliminates small roughness on the surface. To lift the screed is not required if the tile will be laid on the screed.
Caring for tie
During the week after laying, the screed must be wet. At this time, the screed should not lose moisture, otherwise the strength of the screed will decrease. To the screed did not dry, it is covered with a plastic film or spray with water daily.
After seven days, the film is removed, the room is ventilated and leave the screed to dry. After three or four weeks, the tile can be laid on the tie. Water-sensitive floors are placed on a screed after four to six weeks, when the moisture of the screed will become less than 3%.
Floating tie in the floor at the overlap
On the reinforced concrete overlap between the floors satisfy the floating floor with a concrete tie. The floor is called floating, since the screed does not have a hard connection with the designs of the house.
From the walls and overlap, the floating screed is separated by a layer of elastic minvati. Such a floor design provides sound insulation between the rooms of the house, and also allows the screed to move when the temperature and humidity changes.
If the overlap is dry, with humidity not more than 3%, and the lower room is heated, then the plates of sound insulation can be placed directly to the concrete of overlapping. Otherwise, between overlapping and soundproofing plates, pair-waterproofing film is placed.
How to choose a soundproofing material -
The soundproofing layer from the plates of mineral wool is covered with a construction polyethylene film. Film panels roll on the walls, at a height of about 20 cm. Stripes of the film are laid by the mustache. The magnitude of the adolescent 20 cm.
The film prevents the penetration of cement milk from the freshly laid solution in the soundproofing layer and in the edge tape.
The reinforcing mesh of steel wire with a diameter of 3 - 4 is placed on the film. mm. with cells measuring 100 x 100 mm. or 150 x 150 mm.
In the tie of the floor, you can place the heating pipes to radiators, as well as pipes with electrical wiring. Pipes are paved over the reign mesh and attach plastic clamps to it.
On the heating pipes and wire, it is recommended to wear covers from a corrugated plastic pipe. In the covers, the heating pipe will be able to move freely when the temperature changes. In addition, the corrugated houses protect the communication between the cement mixture laid in the tie of communication from mechanical damage.
For the alignment of the cement mortar in the screed, lighthouses from pipes or other profiles are placed on the reinforcement grid. Pipes of lighthouses laid in increments of about 1.5 m. And align in a horizontal plane using a level. The position of the beacon sets the thickness of the screed. Recommended Thickness for residential premises no more than 6 cm.
A cement mixture is laid into the space between adjacent beacons. Moving the rule of the lighthouses or the edge board distribute the mixture and align the surface.
After eight - ten hours after laying, the surface of the screed is smoothed (rubbed). The grout can not be done if a ceramic or stone tile will be laid on the screed.
After hardening the cement mixture, a part of the edge ribbon and the construction film are cut from the screed.
Look at the video in which it is shown in detail how to perform the layout of the level and the thickness of the screed in the rooms.
Features of a tie for a warm floor
If the pipes are laid in the screed, then it is better to use a ready-made dry mix, specially intended for this purpose. In the finished mixture for the warm floor, additives that increase the elasticity of the solution are contained.
If the mixture is prepared independently, the emulsion is added to the solution to increase elasticity. For example, home masters add PVA glue at the rate of 2 l.. on 1. m 3. Solid.
The screed should cover the pipes of the warm floor with a layer with a thickness of minimum 4-5 cm. Thus, the total thickness (taking into account the diameter of the tubes - 1.6 cm) will be - 6-8 cm.
Caring for a tie of a warm floor The first three weeks is also made as usual. Before laying on the screed of the finish coating, the screed must be carefully dried. For this, in 21 days after styling the screed, heating should be included and raised daily to increase the temperature on 5 ° C.until it reaches the limit - 24 ° C..
This temperature should be supported within 14 days, and then reduce it daily on 5 ° C.. Consequently, warming the screed lasts another 23-24 days, which should be taken into account when drawing up a finishing work schedule.
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Floor alignment by lighthouses
The screed is used to equalize the floor, hardening the weak concrete bases, repair of minor defects, fill the heated floors. It is also necessary as the basis for most floor coatings. The main types of tie - cement-sandy mixture (there is a bulk and semi-dry), self-leveling mixture, combined and examples - GVL technology.
Before making a floor screed, you should decide what kind of operational strength of the screed is necessary. For residential premises, it is enough if the strength is equivalent to the M-150 concrete and, therefore, it is possible to use simple cement-sand mixes, for commercial or industrial premises there are already polymer-cement, equivalent to concrete M-400.
Table Cement Relation to Sand First you want to find the highest point on the floor. If the height difference is 1-1.5 cm, then it is recommended to use self-leveling levels, if more is a cement-sand mixture.
It must be applied to the floor a special primer mixture to increase the clutch of the tie with concrete. The degree of breeding of primer also depends on the degree of unevenness of the floor. It is believed that if the difference of heights up to 2.5 cm - it is necessary to dissolve it to the state of "jelly", more than 2.5 cm - to the state of "sour cream".
Floor screed with your own self-leveling mixture - the easiest way. It is enough to breed a mixture according to the instructions and apply it to the floor. Next, it is necessary to conduct a preliminary alignment of a large roller. Up to the horizontal level, the mixture is leveled by herself due to high yield. Fully the mixture will take strength in two weeks. The most common way is the screed cement-sandy mixture.
Currently, a quick and inexpensive way is particularly popular.
After finding the highest point of the floor, you need to install beacons. This should take into account that the height of the screed must be 3 cm above this point. The beams of the alabaster are attached, or they can be installed in specially drilled holes in the floor. Now we will drag the mixture and apply to the floor. When using a bulk mixture, it is enough to apply the required amount to the floor and to dissolve the rule of 2 meters long, periodically referring to the level. If a semi-dry mixture is taken, then first we apply the base layer, put the metal mesh on it and apply the second layer of the mixture, which is already aligned with a wide spatula. If necessary, the mixture can be shred.
When the screed can withstand the body weight, remove the beacons and cover everything with a film or wet rags for 10 days. This will create optimal conditions for drying and acquiring strength properties. Fully the screed will dry in four weeks.
One way to prepare the surface to laying outdoor materials is its alignment of the screed. Now there are several technologies, applying which you can make a full-fledged platform that meets the requirements. How to make a floor screed in the apartment in many ways? Answers to this question will be the topic of this article. As a result, it will be possible to choose the right technology that will seem better and make the basis for laying outdoor materials with your own hands. Applied video materials will certainly help understand the order of work and the nuances of each method.
Methods of tie devices
Recently, the screed was done only with liquid solutions, such as concrete or cement-sand mix. Now the list of materials used, as well as the technologies of their use, expanded significantly. Depending on the tasks set, today you can apply such methods of floor base devices:
- wet (includes screed from various cement-based liquid solutions);
- semi-dry (a modified cement-sand mixture is used);
- dry (formation of a surface of special plates by subfolder);
- finish alignment (bulk floors).
Each of these methods can be applied in the apartment, regardless of whether it is located in a panel house or monolithic. However, each of the technologies has its advantages, some ways - disadvantages. The methods of tie devices differ and cost that prices are formed for the materials or components used, which are used to prepare the mixture. So it makes sense to study in detail every way to conclude that which one is better in a particular situation.
Types of wet skiing
Materials for wet works during the device of screeds are most diverse, so it makes sense to classify them correctly. Such types of liquid mixtures are used to align the surface:
- concrete of various brands;
- cement-sandy solution;
- ready-made polymer cement mixtures;
- modified types of concrete.
Each of these materials have its own operational features and priority areas of application, including the device of the screeds in the apartment. To find out which one is better in order to correctly fill the base of the floor in a specific situation, you need to consider their pros and cons.
Concrete
This material is indispensable when pouring draft screeds, which are the basis for overlying outdoor structures. Cleaner concrete surfaces with their own hands without proper experience is difficult, as the material necessarily includes a large fraction, which prevents to make a thorough alignment. For the initial formation of the base, concrete is best suited for such reasons:
- the material has the smallest cost;
- the thickness of the layer is not limited, so you can align the surface of any curvature;
- with a rough pouring, concrete can not be reinforced and apply a solution depleted cement, which makes the cost of work produced even less.
For the piston surfaces, concrete is less preferable, if compared with other materials. Here you make yourself felt its shortcomings:
- it is impossible to pour a thin layer (the height of its minimum is 4 cm);
- long gains strength (almost a month), which often slows down work;
- need to be reinforced, and this increases the final cost;
- it is necessary to strengthen the top layer (again costs);
- gives a significant shrinkage, which can lead to cracking and stratification with a minor violation of technology;
- the material is cold, so it is uncomfortable on it if there is no heating;
- it is often necessary to further align the concrete surface with bulk floors, the price of which is considerable ($ 5-10 per 1 meter, 10 mm thick).
These cons of concrete caused more practical materials on his shift, which will take further.
Cement-sandy solution
This is essentially the same concrete in which there is no rubbish. Liquid cement-sand mixes are used for the device inexpensive at the cost of the screeds of relatively small thickness. Such material is somewhat more expensive than concrete, since the absence of a large fraction in the composition has to be compensated by a large cement content. Liquid cement-sandy solution for filling the base of the floor is infrequent, as it has the same disadvantages as concrete, while possessing much lower strength.
Important! For the preparation of cement-sandy mixture you need to use only washed or river sand. The sandy filler of career origin contains a lot of clay, which significantly reduces the strength of the screed and makes the inevitable cracking and the rapid destruction of the flooded design.
Polymer cement ready-made mixes
The cost of such materials, if compared with concrete (in terms of m2 ready screed of a certain thickness), is significantly higher. Therefore, for the draft fill, the packaged mixtures are impracticable. For the device, the base of a small thickness (1.5-5 cm) such materials are suitable better. The disadvantages of finished polymer cement mixtures at a higher price are completed, then there are advantages, such as:
- it is not necessary to reinforce the screed;
- the solution for work can be easily prepared by the most with a construction mixer or drill with a similar nozzle;
- the prepared solution is convenient in operation (the filler does not settle, there is no large fraction);
- matures and dries up much faster concrete (maximum week);
- it is possible to form your own hands the surface that meets modern requirements.
Thanks to such advantages, ready-made mixes are much better for use in apartments that panel, which monolithic houses. Such solutions are comfortable to pour the screed with their own hands on the balcony or in the bathroom under the tile laying. Although polymer cement mixtures are increasingly used when pouring large areas when the leveling layer is small. To make sure that work does not represent the work with such mixtures of great difficulties, see this video below, where the entire workflow is demonstrated.
Light concrete
The idea was replaced in the concrete filler lighter was born for a long time and was embodied in a ceramzite concrete, where the crushed stone was replaced by porous clay granules. Such material is used to create lightweight black base bases. For finishing screed, the ceramzite concrete is not suitable, as large granules do not allow to make a flat, smooth surface.
Relatively recently began to apply an even easier modification - polystyrene bonts. In this solution, the role of filler play the pellets of foam, which are different in size. If you apply a fraction to 5 mm, you can simply align the surface, for example, for laying a tile. The undoubted dignity of the polystyrene bontoon is that when it is filling, two goals are guaranteed:
- alignment of the surface;
- floor base insulation.
The cost of polystyrene concrete depends on the price of the filler. Large granules are cheaper, small, - more expensive. The most inexpensive option is the crumb of polystyrene foam, obtained by grinding foam waste.
Semi-dry tie
This technology is applied relatively recently, but managed to get widespread. The peculiarity of the material in a limited content of water, which is added to the mixture as much as enough to moisten the cement, in addition to which the sand is included as a filler and plasticizer. The role of the latter is to make the material plastic and strengthen the water ability to make other components by reducing its surface tension. Sometimes fibrous substances are added to the composition, which significantly increase the strength of the base base.
Semi-dry, crumbly consistency of the mixture requires a somewhat different approach in working with her own hands. If you briefly describe, the process of forming a screed looks like this. The prepared mixture is falling asleep between the layer beacons exceeding the required level, after which it is carefully tumped by in any way. If necessary, it is added again and again compacted. When the layer of the already rammed material will exceed the level of beacons, is excessively removed by the rule. The errors of the surface (deepening) are immediately corrected by the mixture by the mixture and burn a wide plaster grater. This process can be viewed on the following video
The advantages of the method of the floor of the floor of the floor with semi-dry mixtures, the main of them are:
- high strength;
- minor shrinkage;
- rapid ripening (no more than a week);
- no need to make waterproofing;
- immediately turns out the surface corresponding to the requirements;
- work is easier than when pouring liquid solutions;
- the value of the material is only slightly higher than the wet cement-sandy solution;
- the mixture is preparing without any problems with the help of conventional concrete mixer.
So dry mixture and the corresponding technology today is one of the best options in terms of price / quality ratio.
Important! When forming thick (8 cm and more) layers of screed with a semi-dry mixture, the swing cycles / tamping should be several. That is, you should not pour everything at once and try to compact. That's right in such a situation in such a situation.
Dry screed
This method of creating a smooth surface of the base of the floor was developed by Knauff's specialists. Now such materials are produced by other manufacturers. This method is fundamentally different from the well-minded idea of \u200b\u200bthe screed device. The structure of such bases of the floor of the two-layer is at the bottom of the aluminous pillow of fine clamps, on top, - gypsum-fiber plates, securely bonded with glue and screws.