Waterproofing of the belt foundation of a residential building is necessary to prevent moistening concrete and reinforcing elements included in the design of the foundation, from sedimentary and groundwater. The wetting of concrete provokes the destruction of the foundation when expanding the frozen water in capillaries of concrete tape and leads to corrosion of steel reinforcement, reducing the strength properties of the base of the house. Owners of individual buildings are able to independently perform work on the arrangement of waterproofing the foundation of their home, owning certain knowledge in this area.
The destructive influence of moisture on the foundation of the building occurs when water interacts with the foundation design materials. The porous structure of concrete saturated with capillaries contributes to the constant absorption of moisture and groundwater concrete. To make a ribbon base of a residential building with a maximum protected against the wet environment, it is necessary in accordance with (earlier SNIP 2.03.11-85) to ensure its waterproofing methods of primary and secondary protection against corrosion (pp 4.5, 4.6 and 4.7). The foundation waterproofing refers to the category of recycling, based on the use of protective coatings or processing with special compositions.
Scheme of waterproofing of a ribbon foundation.
Builders with their own hands or with the involvement of specialized organizations conduct measures to apply waterproofing materials for the foundation, taking into account external factors affecting the base of the house:
- Atmospheric precipitation and melt water;
- Groundwater.
To ensure the protection of the foundation from the penetration of sedimentary and melt water, it is enough to do with a perimeter of all the construction of a high-quality unit. To implement the hydraulic protection against soil moisture, the complex of the source data is required, among which the main are:
- Type of groundwater near the construction;
- Depth of grounding passing near the construction of groundwater;
- Inhomogeneity of soils in the area of \u200b\u200bconstruction;
- Appointment and planned operation of the house.
Consider how these factors are influenced by the choice of the method of the foundation hydraulic protection.
Type of underground water
Groundwater has a direct impact on the formation of groundwater levels (AGE) in the area of \u200b\u200bthe construction site and the degree of humidity of the soil near the foundation. The scheme below shows the nature of the distribution in the soil of two main types of groundwater:
- Rip-line - local foci of water formation having a seasonal nature of existence. The ripper lies near the earth's surface, it is formed and exists only during high humidification of the environment, disappearing into dry periods;
- Groundwater, occurring near the ground surface and having a territorial regional distribution. For groundwater level, exposure to seasonal oscillations is characterized.
As mentioned above, it is enough to make a good breakdown and a livnee to protect against the rigor. Protection against groundwater will depend on the depths of their occurrence. This dependence is discussed below.
Depth of groundwater
"Recommendations for the design of waterproofing of underground parts of buildings and structures" TsNII PROMZDANY, M., 1996 (supplemented in 2009), determined that the waterproofing of structures should be carried out above the maximum coving of at least 0.5 m (p. p.1.8 and 1.9). Since the average value of the GV levels in many regions of the Russian Federation according to the results of geological surveys is taken within 1.0 m, it is recommended to adhere to this indicator as a base point of reference when choosing waterproofing the base of the building depending on the depth of the GW . In particular:
- With an agrofit, below the sole of the foundation less than 1 m, it is necessary to make waterproofing the foundation;
- In the event of an agon of a deeper foundation by more than 1 m, the hydraulic protection can not be equipped.
It is necessary to take into account the possibility of increasing the corve as a consequence of infrastructure development in the region. As well as the maximum agne over the past seasons.
At a high level of GW, in excess of the lower level of the foundation sole, in addition to waterproofing, it is necessary to additionally make a local drainage for removal of moisture from the foundation, as prescribed "design and device of bases and foundations of buildings and structures" (Chapter 11).
Heterogeneity of soils
The inhomogeneity of the soils with different chemical composition leads to the chemical aggression of groundwater in relation to concrete in the composition of the foundation up to its destruction (corrosion of concrete). The use of a special corrosion-resistant concrete brand W4 is required when filling the foundation and hydraulic protection of increased reliability from materials resistant to aggressive media.
Appointment and planned operation of the house
In the presence of a functional purpose of the gym, workshop, etc. have equipped with their own hands. The reliability of waterproofing is presented with increased requirements in order to prevent the deterioration of the microclimate in these rooms.
It is properly equipped with a ribbon foundation of a residential building requires compliance with the three basic principles for building a waterproofing system for the bases of buildings of any purpose:
- Continuity of each layer of waterproofing throughout the perimeter of waterproofs;
- Installations of the waterproofing layer only on the exposure side of moisture, i.e. The waterproofing of the foundation should be carried out outside, but in no case inside the basement;
- Preliminary special preparation of the outer surface of the foundation for the subsequent application of the waterproofing material.
Types of waterproofing of a ribbon foundation
According to clause 5.1.2 of the rules of the rules (previously SNiP 2.03.11-85), the waterproofing of the concrete structure is provided:
- Paint and mastic coatings;
- Coating and plastering coatings;
- Inlet isolation;
- Impregnating surface layer of design or other methods of surface treatment.
In relation to belt foundations, taking into account modern hydraulic protection technologies, vertical waterproofing is separated by a method of device to the following types:
- Coating (paint);
- Clause;
- Plaster;
- Glued;
- Injection;
- Impregnating;
- Sprayed.
Refractory (paint) waterproofing
The hydraulic protection on the coating technology is based on the use of bitumen and bitumen-polymeric emulsions and mastic with the formation of waterproof films on the surface of the foundation.
Caution waterproofing protects the foundation from the penetration of capillary soil moisture in small moisture soils when removing groundwater by 1.5-2 meters below the basement floor level. In the presence of hydrostatic pressure, it is allowed to apply a coating technology in the following options:
- Bituminous mastic is used for pressure not higher than 2 m;
- Bituminous polymer mastic - for pressure not more than 5 m.
Mastics are applied in 2-4 layers. The thickness of the coolant waterproof depends on the depth of the attachment of the belt base and is:
- 2 mm - for the base from the depth of up to 3 meters;
- 2-4 mm - for the base with a depth of embedding from 3 to 5 meters.
The advantages of improving bitumen protection are as follows:
- Relatively low cost;
- Lack of special qualifications for the qualifications of the performers;
- High elasticity;
- Excellent adhesion.
From the disadvantages it should be noted a short life - after 6 years after isolation loses elasticity. The waterproofing layer is covered with cracks, which reduces the overall level of waterproof. To increase the shelf life of insulation, polymer additives are added, providing increased operational characteristics of the waterproofing coating.
Mastic application technology is simple. A special primer-primer is applied to the pre-prepared surface of the roller or brush, providing deep penetration into the foundation material. After drying the primer, a layer of bituminous mastic is applied.
Film and stressed waterproofing
These technologies relate to methods of waterproofing with rolled materials. They are used both independent waterproofing events and as a supplement to a coating method with their own hands. When using the stressed waterproofing, a traditional runneroid is used, which is fixed on the foundation treated with a bitumen primer.
With the waterproofing, the thickness of the hydraulic protection layer reaches 5 mm. It is allowed to use 2-3 layers.
Ruberoid can be fixed by special adhesive mastic in several layers with an overlap at 15-20 cm. If the retaining of the runneroid is carried out by heating the gas burner, then we obtain the technology of burning. From modern materials instead of runneroids, rolled waterproofers are used - TEKHNONICK, TEHNEELEST, and other materials for moving on a polymer-based polyester, which increases the wear resistance of the coating. The life of such waterproofing is 50 years.
Plaster waterproofing
Laying the waterproofing plaster method is identical to plastering with its own hands on lighthouses. For insulation, mixtures of moisture resistant components of the type of polymer concrete and hydrobeton are used. The minimum thickness of the superimposed layer should be 20 mm.
The advantages of the plastering method include the cheapness of materials and simplicity.
From the disadvantages it should be noted:
- Average level of moisture resistance;
- A short service life, after 5 years, cracks appear, through which water can leak.
Injection waterproofing
The injection method of hydraulic protection is based on the pressure of special polymer mixtures in the pores of the foundation. For injection technology, materials on a mineral or polyurethane-based basis are manufactured, in their density close to ordinary water. If you use the compositions on a polyurethane basis, then at least 1.5 liters will be required to be waterproofing each square meter, while the mixtures based on acrylic will need much less. Perforation for injections are performed by conventional perforators or drills, the dimensions of the holes (from 25 to 32 mm) are determined by the diameters of injecting packers and the capsules. Upon completion of the injection process, the perforation is sealed with a cement-sandy mixture of the usual composition.
Impact waterproofing
This technique is based on the impregnation of concrete with special organic knitting materials that fill the capillaries of concrete and forming an antihygroscopic layer in concrete to 30-40 mm deep.
Technology spraying hydraulic material requires the use of a special sprayer. So far, the cost of materials is high, but their use is economically justified for the hydraulic protection of the foundations of complex configuration, which are difficult to handle in other ways.
Drainage as auxiliary measure
The arrangement of drainage systems is intended for removal of excess moisture from the foundation system of the structure at a high level of groundwater occurrence. According to paragraph 11.1.15, the drawing of the drainage rules are divided into common and local. Their use in a complex with waterproofing allows you to protect the foundation from the penetrating effect of soil moisture.
The arrangement of waterproofing the ribbon foundation is a complex technological process, requiring a clear understanding of each stage of the entire event. Only in this case will be provided a long period of trouble-free operation of the house.
Tip! If you need contractors, there is a very convenient service for their selection. Just send in the form below a detailed description of the works that you need to perform and offers to you in the post office with prices from building brigades and firms. You can see the reviews about each of them and photos with examples of work. This is free and does not oblige anything.
Pour Ile not pour, That's what is the question! It is so possible to rephrase one known saying when the forumchanin is taken to pour a ribbon without the use of removable formwork.
Filling of the belt foundation in the ground
In hot disputes, you can pour the ribbon foundation in the ground or he needs a formwork, a lot of copies are broken. But it is better to see once than hear a hundred times . Our forumchanic with nickname Radomir999. After many times and reading the recommendations of the Forumhouse users decided for the construction of its private house from warm ceramics, a tape foundation of the building right to the ground. And, as further events showed, he never regretted it!
Radomir999:
- Having studied the information on our forum, I was initially chosen such a methodology for the construction of this type of foundation. Tapes will pour 1 time by the factory concrete M250 brand, in a wooden formwork. Next will be carried out with a ribbon foundation in the ground (bitumen coating + glasses of glasses).
According to the forum, competently, the technology is set and then the removal will always remain a "business" board. And in the future it will be possible to put on a draft floor or the roof shap.
But the father of our forumchanin did not want to spend money (approximately 50-60 thousand rubles) on the formwork from boards with a thickness of 40-50 mm.
Radomir999:
"We looked like with the Father on the neighbors in the settlement, painted about the types of foundations." It turned out that everyone is poured concrete at all without formwork! The fill of the tape in the trench is practiced, I. There are already 5-10 years old at home.
The forumchanin decided to make a non-coordinate formwork from EPPS in the ground. And on top, above the earth, planned the device of a low formwork from the board for the base.
However, at this stage there were difficulties.
Radomir999:
- I began to look for topics about how to pour the ribbon to the surface of the earth, but I did not find anything sensible. Everyone categorically advised to build a high-quality wooden formwork. Also offered as an option, pour concrete layers (2-3 times): when the previous layer is freezed, disassemble the formwork, raise these boards to the next layer and so to the top of the foundation. But this option was also not satisfied.
Because Pour concrete under the tape at once is the best solution from all possible.
On our forum already there is one. She helped our memberschanin to draw up a detailed plan for the construction of a belt foundation. After all, careful planning is half the success of all the way.
Radomir999:
- Topicstarter of this topic came up with a good option. It was here that I saw the first drawings and casting the ribbon foundation to the ground in 2 versions: with the frontal end and with foam.
But, according to our user, the rubberoid in the ground at the base of the foundation tape still would not be an ideal option, because The walls of the ribbon foundation would not be even smooth. Therefore, he bent in favor of extruded polystyrene foam, despite the fact that it is 2.5 - 3 times more expensive than ordinary foam.
Radomir999:
- comparing the price of Epps with formwork prices with a height of 1.9 m from 50 mm thick boards, my father and I found out that Epps would cost us cheaper.
Also, when using the EPPS, the wall of the ribbon foundation will be smooth and will not cling to the soil in the spring during bent. And the foundation will be immediately insulated.
Thoroughly bypowering all the details regarding the construction of a belt foundation, Radomir999.built for itself such a construction plan:
Concrete fill without formwork
1. Digger manually trench.
The walls of the ditches will have a maximum smoothness and will be smooth for easy installation of EPPS sheets in the ground.
2. On the bottom of the trench, lay the sand 20 cm. Sand pre-wet, and then rub.
So we leve out the bottom of the pit.
3. In the trench lay a polyethylene film with a thickness of 200 microns. The joints of the film glue scotch.
4. On top of polyethylene, on the bottom of the trench, lay out the runneroid, also at the joints of the camist.
5. Then it is vertically inserted with a thickness of 50 mm thick and clog them into the ground with nails.
6. Conduct the ribbon reinforcement.
7. Install a formwork from a $ 15 cm wide, a thickness of 25 mm, above the ground -for the base part of the foundation.
8. Epps sheets insert horizontally inside a wooden formwork, screwing up self-drawing outside.
The dimensions of the sheets of EPPS -120 cm x 60 cm x 5 cm. Therefore, the first row in the ground is easy to put vertically, and the second and upper - horizontally.
From our article You will learn how to
Radomir999:
- For clarity - the dimensions of the perimeter of my belt foundation are as follows: 11.6 x 11.6 m, there is a medium carrier wall. The height is 180 cm (130 in the ground, 50 above the ground is the base), the ribbon width is 50 cm. The cov \u003d 5.5 m. Punching ground (40 cm of the upper layer - black land, then loam, very plastic clay). The depth of the primer of the soil is 1.6 m. Underground waters do not bother, there is a ripper in the spring.
Filling of the ribbon foundation in the ground: step Instructions
1. Foundation tape marking
Radomir999:
- To mark the walls of the trench, you will need: durable threads, a roulette is longer than the diagonal of the perimeter of the house, plumb; Long tapping screws with a large notable hat.
Then the place is determined on the site where you want to dig a trench. At the corners install 2 boards. Then small nails are clogged to which ropes are tied. Sticks are clogged into the ground with a removal of the corners so that they do not interfere with you to dig further.
For the accuracy of measurements, count what is equal to the diagonal of your perimeter on the Pythagora theorem. Then pinch several points on the ground you need. And the self-tapping screws under the stretched rope with a removal of the corner, not far from the board.
2. Copper trench
Radomir999:
- Father himself dug two walls under the ribbon foundation in two weeksthe buildings . The walls of the trench turned out good. The difference is especially noticeable compared to the walls where the tractor has dug.
Also, as in the construction of the basement, the tractor must not get a little to the bottom of the trench, so as not to disturb the maternal soil. And for the depth of the construction of the design, you can follow the board, on which it is predefined to make a mark in the depths of your trench and, omitting it, check the depth of the coppe.
The trench must be wider than the thickness of the foundation + EPPS by 5 cm.
Radomir999:
- After the tractor digs up a trench, I advise with a hydroeer, ranging from the lowest angle of the perimeter, to determine "zero" at all other corners. At these points, you screw the screws and pull the ropes. It will help you to align the bottom of the trench.
Sand for laying on the bottom of the trench Radomir999. I advises to moisturize on the street and lay it on the bottom of the trench already moistened. It is necessary in order not to give to appear albeit and moisture at the bottom of the trench.
After that, you can rub it with vibrating plates.
Radomir999:
– We did not have the vibrating plates, we were tramped with the father in advance with a spilled oak chock. We have a sand pillow 20 cm.
By and large, the pillow is harmful, and if you have ideal at the bottom of the bottom and corners, then professionals are advised to do without it.
3. Weathered in the trench of polyethylene
Sufficient polyethylene thickness for this purpose -150 micron, but Radomir999. Stelil 200 md.:
- If there is an opportunity, it is better to take a raw roll more so as not to glue the joints with scotch. If you are glued with scotch, then mandes are mandatory on both sides! We glued with one, inner, and it was our mistake.
Condensate flows in the heat under polyethylene. If the joints are assembled so that the condensate falls into the pocket, then in these places the scotch will spike and flow condensate with mud. Also polyethylene maintains moisture in the trench and in hot hot summer days of the wall of the trench do not dry. If they are dried, they begin to crumble, crumble, go large cracks and the wall can collapse.
4. Will out the rubberoid on the bottom as the KORITS.
It is important to remember that you should not leave the rolls in the heat, because Bitumen stops, it will affect its quality and the roll will be hard to reveal.
5. Install EPPS sheets.
Sheets put vertically in terms of the level, I joking their grooves in the groove. Then you nail them to the ground with nails from 20 to 30 cm long (depending on the irregularities of the trench walls).
Radomir999:
- For the nails of 20 cm we used washers. For one sheet left 6 nails. At the corners can be attached to corners (homemade) with bolts and nuts.
After installing the lower row of the EPPS, it is possible to apply a backdrop of sand. Radomir999.i advises not save on the sand.
It is not properly on the bottom, and if the rains go and the water will fall for Epps sheets, the clay will swell and squeeze the sheets.
Fors major circumstances
Despite the detailed plan, nature made its own adjustments. Instead of the promised Babiy Summer from Moscow to Cheboksary, where our hero lives, they walked tightening rain rains. It could lead to the collapse of the walls of the trench. And the thoroughly aligned bottom in the eyes of the forumchanin was gradually turned into a viscous story, which is impossible to fill the foundation. It was necessary to come up with something urgently to save the fruits of their works in any way!
Radomir999:
- They were raining, and the water sometimes fell inside the trenches, in addition began to face the rubberoid. On polyethylene, which we decided to hide the trench, the puddles of water began to be gathering, in which worms fell. Birds began to peck them and tear the beak polyethylene. Torn places we glued with scotch, but the water in some places was seeping through the tape. Therefore, we decided to pour a concrete pillow with a thickness of 10 cm on the bottom of the trench.
6. Reinforcement of foundation
In reinforcement, it is necessary to remember the main points of the SNIPOV:
1) The protective layer of concrete must be at least 5 cm.
This means that the reinforcement should not be adjusted close to the walls of the trench. On the bokes of the trench and on top of the reinforcement should retreat from the edge of the ribbon foundation by 5 cm. Bottom - 7 cm. In the absence of concrete pillows and at least 3.5 cm in the presence of such.
2) With a height of the MZLF (small basement), more than 70 cm need to be laid not only the lower and top row of longitudinal reinforcement, but also medium rows that do not carry loads, but are constructive.
The average rows of longitudinal fittings are sufficient to do from the reinforcement d \u003d 12 mm. If the wall is more than 3 m in length, then only by side faces of the belt foundation. That is, for medium rows of longitudinal enough rods from the 12th fittings.
3) For the anchoring of the reinforcement in the adjacent adjacent wall, its ends should be bent or use additional M-shaped corners to enhance anchoring.
7. Formwork for socle
Radomir999:
- On the forum they advise to put a formwork from the boards with a thickness of 40-50 mm. Experts recommend such boards for everyone: for those who do to the entire height of the tape base of 1.5-2 meters, and for those who, like me, conducts "formwork"t. but for the base, i.e. for the above-ground part of the foundation. We took 25-ku and never regretted it. The main thing to put in the design most of the supporting triangles and crossbars. We were stood in 1 meter. The height of the formwork is preferably 5 cm (at least) above the edge of the foundation so that the concrete does not splash.
8. Install the top number of EPPS inside the formwork
9. Installation of sleeves in the trench for future sewer and water pipes
Radomir999:
- We bought a plastic red tube with a diameter of 200 mm 1 meter long. From her 2 sleeves, where the sewage will be passed.
It is necessary to think in advance : How and where the sewage will be held, under what bias will be pipes, which adapters will be installed.
And there are our secrets here:
- The sleeves should be wider than sewage pipes 2 times;
- Pipes from the kitchen, soul, bathroom d \u003d 50 mm are put with a slope of no more than 3 cm per 1 meter pipe;
- Pipes from toilet bowl and the exit pipe to the septica d \u003d 110 mm are put with a slope of no more than 2 cm per 1 meter pipe;
- All transitions from the horizontal to the vertical to make 2x45 degrees or 3x30 degrees;
- Sewer tube should go to septic in a straight line.
10. Pouring concrete
Radomir999:
- We poured a solution of concrete brand M250, 48 cubes. By this time, the rains were so blurred the land around the trench, which, even working in galoshs and boots, we were jerked in alien. About the cheap mixers cheap, which will approach our trench, could be forgotten, I had to go difficult and order and order a concrete pump.
When casting a concrete with a concrete pump Radomir999. advises:
1. in advance, in writing, to agree with the concrete supplier on the continuous delivery of concrete;
This will help to recover a penalty from the company of the concrete supplier if mixers are late.
2. It is required to buy for all builders who will be near the feed pipe of concrete pump: safety glasses, cheap disposable surgical bandages, rubber gloves;
Radomir999:
- The concrete jet is so strong that the spray of the concrete mix is \u200b\u200bflying into the eyes, mouth, hands will be dried, hurt the nails in their arms.
3. Put the concrete pump back to the approaching mixers - this will speed up the work.
Radomir999:
- Because Cold began, we decided to reinforce and ordered the anti-sore additive to concrete. As they taught on the forum, I ordered 49 cubic meters, i.e., your calculated volume of + 1 m3 about the reserve, in case of force majeure. As a result, exactly 48 cubes flooded, and after the fill from the residues, the concreting of a small site in front of the house was made. Here you and the finished area for the entrance of the machine!
Forumhouse users can find out all the details and features, read the detailed and visual story of our memberschanin about how he is. And in our video newspaper it describes in detail how to build the ground floor under conditions of high groundwater.
The destructive action of moisture prevents the waterproofing of the belt foundation during the entire service life of the house. The materials used, the methods of their application, the durability of protection can be different.
The choice is made taking into account the entire complex of the conditions of the construction site - geology, climate, density of development, neighboring buildings.
Protection against natural factors
Engineering and geological research of the site in a set with the characteristics of the climatic zone will be given by the amount of seasonal oscillations of the level of groundwater (AGE).
Salmon depth is conditionally divided into two values:
- Above 2 m (high);
- Below 2 m (low).
With floods, abundant snow melting, after heavy rains, the water level can rise in the ground above up to 2 meters. Seasonal oscillations should be taken into account in the most adverse values.
The effect of water bodies is felt at a distance of more than 1 km from the place where the object was built. The necessary waterproofing of the belt foundation is performed with their own hands in the event that the distance from its lower boundary to groundwater does not exceed 1 m.
Perspective accounting of changes
An important stage of selection of waterproofing before starting work is to make an amendment to the perspective, look a little further after the house is built. Affecting the hydraulic component can:
- Increase pressure on the support due to the dense building site. Water will rise;
- A long-term cycle of water protection changes;
- Changes in the drainage system of neighboring sites (including the arrangement of waterborgs, dam, wells);
- Violation of the movement of high groundwater (creation of a monolithic obstacle before the stream in the ground on the slopes) due to the new construction of houses with swallowed belt fundament.
Types of waterproofing
Moisture to the surface of the flooded monolith comes from above (precipitation), from the sides, below. You need to make an absorption barrier in two directions:
- Horizontal. The capillary climb from the foundation to the walls is cut off by roll materials from the basement. The breakfast needs to make an obstacle to the seeping of water from the soil surface to the concrete of the outer part of the foundation. For this purpose, the screed with a slope of 2 ÷ 3 ° should be per slice of the roof no less than 0.3 m. The drainage takes off the approaching water, does not allow it to be seen through the submission of the monolithic base of the house and serves as a pair with a breakfast, but at the postal level .
- Vertical. Prevents leakage of groundwater into the foundation structure. Capillary isolation does not allow water to concrete, non-free - protects against seasonal fluctuations in water saturation, anti-povered - prevents the penetration of groundwater.
Doubts about the need for isolation occur during the stage, the subsequent fill of the inaccessible tapes directly into the trench, diverted in dry ground. The presence of a pillow provides a gap in front of the raising moisture drops. If the solution was placed in the shape of the right film, the base of the built house would like for a long time.
Horizontal waterproofing should be made by SNiP 3.04.01-87. The order of waterproofing work for the foundation of the house is set to SNiP 3.04.01-87, SNiP 2.03.11-85, SNiP 3.04.03-85
Separation by the method of applying
Depending on the consistency of the material, the method of application can be:
- coating;
- deposition;
- blowing;
- impregnation;
Methods performed by certified specialists:
- injection;
- shielding.
If a capillary lift of moisture is predominated on the surface of the house, located underground, then make a coating, spraying, bituminous or polymer compositions (liquid rubber). In the hot / cold state there is a mastic - depends on the composition.
Rolled materials (films, geotextiles, rubberoid) The surface is glued to prepared before this surface, with warming after the burner, turning out the air bubbles with a roller.
The impregnating compositions are deeply penetrated into the structure of the monolithic concrete (blocks) and create a water-repellent layer of vertical insulation from water of sufficient thickness.
If the house was built in the house, the cellar, the basement, waterproofing of the vertical walls of the tape, after frozen, make sure.
An injection method is used as a repair measure to cracking or having domestic cavities. The way of dear, but sometimes the only possible, if there is no technical access to the surface being repaired, there are deep damage to the carrier belt of the house, after it is built.
Shielding - expensive, rarely used method. It is the installation of protective casing from special mats or plates.
Selection of material
The quality of the polymer material from which the foundation-tape waterproofing is performed:
- Water repellence (hydrophobicity);
- Waterproof structure;
- Elasticity, adjacent after applying to a rough surface;
- Adhesion to concrete;
- Manufacturability (fairly easy to be processed, installation in construction conditions, the ability to connect to a solid surface after soldering or sizing);
- Durability in the ground with multiple temperature fluctuations.
The most common materials for coating with brush are bitumen mastics. Application with your own hands allows you to carefully fill all the pores of the surface with fluid composition.
It is covered by all parts of 3-4 layers, giving breathing a day at each stage. The advantages include the possibility of independent performance, maintainability of any individual section, availability of material.
With a hot application method, it is necessary to observe security measures, apply personal protective equipment.
The use of dry plastering mixtures with hydrophobic additives for coating is possible if the composition is frost-resistant. However, even in favorable conditions, after 10-15 years, cracking occurs that requires repair. Hydraulic resistance is not high.
Installation of material
If you apply rolled materials, it does not help yourself. At this stage are invited to assistants. Sniphes are allowed to use:
- fiberglass;
- polyvinyl chloride film;
- brizol;
- hydroisol (hydroytecloxyol);
- polyisobutylene.
When spraying liquid rubber, it is necessary not only to be able to use the sprayer, but also to cover the resulting surface of the lower part of the house with a geotestile for protection throughout the area. You can apply and brush.
Sticking materials are carried out from top to bottom. The vertical rows need to be made with a disconnement by 0.4 m at the joints of the seams. At the next stage, the corners can be book, after the closure of the vertical walls, the same sheet, 0.2-0.3 m of the brand in each direction. Used gas flame burners, propane in cylinders and means of protection.
Look at the video how to produce water protection for a tape base.
Liquid rubber in the ready state is not stored. It is necessary to count how the quantity it is immediately used when we open the package or mix the two component composition. Under the rubber need primer.
The service life will be 50-70 years.
Important moments
According to GOST 12.3.009, such rules must be observed:
- The maximum humidity of the poured concrete is not more than 4%;
- Waterproofing from sprayed or painting compositions is carried out after the complete drying of the primer;
- The thickness of the waterproofing layer is from 0.3 cm to 0.6 cm.
If the house is built close to the level of groundwater, it is necessary to carry out gumming work (SNiP 04.04.03-85). Protection is recruited from rubber sheets and vulcanized by joints.
How to make drainage
If there is a high yield, pumped soil, horizontal waterproofing of the part of the house includes a drainage system.
Watch the video how to correctly mount the drainage of the belt base.
Drainage happens:
- Annular. Distance 5-8 m from walls in the form of a solid or open circle.
- Wasted. The distance from the walls is equal to the width of the foundation. Depth - no more than its depth.
- Plasty. Pipes are laid under the area of \u200b\u200bthe building.
The tap tubes are placed in the plumbing filler (large crushed stone, sand) and are removed in the drain reservoir, which should be built outside the site.
Water destroys the building structures of the building, leading them into disrepair, reducing the service life. This is especially true for the underground part of the house, which is exposed to several types of moisture at once. Outside it has a devastating effect of rain and melt water, and in the soil they deliver groundwater in the soil, the level of location of which can vary depending on the season. Waterproofing methods for the foundation of the building depend on its type and method of manufacture (device of ribbon, plates, pillars or piles).
How moisture affects
The paths that water can lead to the destruction of concrete foundation several:
- Washing out of the structure of particles, the formation of irregularities and the elevation due to aggressive components in rain or groundwater.
- Destruction when the water penetration into the body of the foundation and freezing it there. The fact is that water is the only substance on the planet, which in the transition to the frozen state expands, and does not decrease in volume. Finding into capillaries, it has a strong pressure on the foundation from the inside, which leads to the appearance of cracks and cracks.
That is why the waterproofing of the foundation is important and should be carried out immediately after the construction of the structure.
Types of moisture protection
In the general case, the foundation waterproofing device is divided into three groups:
- horizontal;
- vertical;
- dEVICE OF SCHOOL.
Depending on the type of base, several methods can be applied simultaneously.
Combined moisture protection
Horizontal is designed to prevent moisture penetration between different levels. It can be made of various materials. It is envisaged for all types of foundations (ribbons, plates, pillars, piles).
Vertical is needed so that groundwater can not affect the foundation. Not all types of foundations need such protection. Required only for tape and column supports at home. Horizontal protection is provided for all types (device tape, stoves, or separately standing supports).
The device of the scene protects the base from the penetration of rainwater and melt in the spring. The width of the design is essential here. If it is insufficient, the moisture takes off for a short distance and will be able to get to the foundation. This type of protection reduces the load on all the others, allowing you to increase their service life.
Vertical and horizontal insulation
Waterproofing rolled material Waterproofing the foundation can be performed using different means of protection. Separately, it is worth considering vertical and horizontal species and a device of the scene, since materials in these cases will differ quite strongly.
The protection of the Bloan part of the building during vertical and horizontal insulation suggests that materials for the following ways can be used:
- calane;
- coating;
- penetrating;
- plaster;
- injection;
- mounted;
- structural (additives in concrete).
It is worth it separately with what material is used in each case.
Occake
Such design protection is performed using roll options on a bitumen binder. Can be applied or glued material. The specified species involve the presence of a adhesive layer, which is subjected to heating at high temperatures and is glued to the surface. To secure on the basis of insulation without a glue layer, it will be necessary as a connecting substance to apply bitumen mastic.
Towning materials include:
Application Ruberoid - the most common method - tol (The material is outdated and it is not recommended to apply it as protection of responsible house designs, but it is worth noting its low cost);
- pergamine (waterproofing the foundation based on thick dense cardboard, which is impregnated with bitumen binders, cannot be attributed to reliable and durable methods, but will significantly save);
- ruberoid (remains the leader among rolled insulation due to its affordable price, the service life is quite small);
- polymer materials with impregnating bitumen Basics of fiberglass or polyester (Here you can bring the following common options for protecting the walls and foundations of the house from moisture: "Locur", "Hydroizol", "TechnoNIKOL", "glassizol", "bikrost", etc.).
The last group is the most reliable option, but the price of such a material can be quite high.
But here it is worth considering their long service life, which will reduce the frequency of repairs. The advantages of the inlet way can be attributed to what it can be provided for various surfaces:
- concrete;
- tree;
- metal;
- asphalt concrete;
- old waterproofing coating (during repair).
Caution isolation
Waterproofing the foundation in this case is most often using bitumen mastics. To protect the beoled part of the building and walls at home, single-component and two-component compositions are used. In addition to bitumen in the building materials market, you can now find more reliable and modern options:
- polymeric resins;
- bitumen polymeric resins;
- bituminous rubber mastic.
In contrast to the usual bitumen, which cracks at low temperatures, these mixtures with additional additives are resistant to cold. The disadvantage of more modern options becomes their price, which cannot compete with conventional mastics based on bitumen. The latter is better to use to protect the house designs with a deep location of groundwater.
Penetrating isolation
Waterproofing the foundation in this way prevents moisture from entering the capillaries of concrete. This increases the strength of the surface layer of concrete. Waterproofing of the belt foundation in this way is more often carried out using an additional coating or inlet layer.
On average, the penetration depth is 15-25 cm, but some materials are able to plunge 90 cm. It is important to note that such methods are suitable only for concrete. When used on brick and stone, they are useless.
The most common compositions for this method of processing steel:
- "Penetron";
- "Peneplag";
- "Hydrochit";
- "Penecrit".
- "Osmoshil".
Protection of concrete base from moisture Technology for the protection of foundations and walls of the house in this way implies carefully purified, skimmed and even base, so it is recommended for use on new buildings.
Painting and plastering isolation
Waterproofing the foundation with their own hands with the use of painting and plaster compositions does not differ in durability and reliability. If possible, it is better to give preference to other ways to protect the foundations and walls of the house, since the average service life of such materials is 5 years.
Injection isolation
Technique of introduction to the base of polyurethane resin The option is suitable when repairing the grounds already commissioned. Technology allows you to protect the foundation without performing work on the development of soil. Injectors are introduced to supports and deliver an insulating agent. The following materials can be used as raw materials:
- foam;
- resin;
- acrylate gels;
- rubber;
- cement-containing mixtures;
- polymer compositions.
Mounted isolation
Waterproofing the foundation in such a way allows you to most effectively deal with a high level of groundwater and their high pressure. It is used mainly for tape foundations when the underground room is required.
The most reliable method of mounted waterproofing can be called steel caisson. In this case, the design of the walls and the floor of the basement from the inside is crucified by sheets of 4-6 mm thick. The option is very expensive, so it is extremely rarely applied.
Outside, brick walls sometimes take, but this method in most cases is used in conjunction with a calene or coating option. The brick is rather not the protection of the foundation from moisture, but the protection of waterproofing from mechanical damage.
DEVICE OF SCHOOL
Waterproofing the foundation with their own hands in this case involves the use of the following materials of the scene to protect the design outside of atmospheric moisture:
Manufacturing of Gamesosta - concrete;
- asphalt concrete;
- clay;
- paving slabs;
- diffusion membranes.
The choice of a method for manufacturing a breakfast depends on the preferences of the future owner of the house, architectural solution and availability of materials. The cheapest option of the scene will be its laying of concrete or asphalt. This option is not distinguished by an attractive appearance, but allows you to protect the foundation without large labor costs. In addition, savings on raw materials are ensured. The device of cessation from concrete or asphalt is popular in the mass construction of apartment buildings and administrative and public buildings.
Waterproofing technology depending on the type of foundation
Each type of support under the building needs certain protection options. Before making waterproofing the foundation, it is necessary to find out what will be required for a complete set of events.
Protection of tape fundament
Waterproofing of the belt foundation is different for the monolithic and prefabricated option. First consider the prefabricated option. To prevent damage to the underground walls of the house and flooding the basement, you will need to fulfill such events:
- the device of the reinforced seam between the foundation plates of factory manufacture and concrete blocks of the basement walls;
- laying the rolled material in the first seam between the blocks, which is located below the basement floor mark;
- rolled material is mounted on the edge of the foundation at the seat of the walls and the supporting structure;
- vertical insulation underground ribbon outside;
- device unit.
Protection of a belt base It is important to note that at the place of the docking of the foundation plates and concrete blocks can not be laid materials on a bitumen binder. This can lead to displacement of elements relative to each other. Here only the device of the thickened concrete seam is suitable. The foundation isolation isolation is needed so that the different moisture of material of the reference parts of the structure and wall fences has not led to destruction. For horizontal insulation, calete methods are used.
It is better to perform vertical isolation from the outside, because it will be performed not only the protection of the room, but also carrier elements. With new construction, the walls can be treated with inland or coating materials. From the inside carry out work when repairing. In this case, the penetrating or injection type is used.
If you need to perform a complex of waterproofing work for a monolithic tape, then it is necessary to provide the following activities:
- vertical insulation;
- waterproofing based on the foundation;
- device unit.
Materials are selected as well as for the prefabricated version.
Protecting a column and pile foundation
Simple moisture protection method Here the most simple type of moisture protection is used. It will be necessary to make only the insulation on the edge of the foundation. Its location depends on the stuffing material. If the binding is made from the same material as the foundation, then the laying of rolled materials is performed at the place of contact of the scutwork and walls. You can consider another option. For example, a wooden house rests on metal piles. In this case, the lower crown of the walls will serve as painter, so the insulating layer is placed on the heads of the support elements.
Protection of the foundation plate
To protect against moisture, it will be necessary to provide for the following events:
- concrete preparation of skinny concrete to protect the plates from underground water and leveling the base;
- waterproofing for concrete preparation;
- protection against external moisture.
Watercover of the foundation plate For the manufacture of the second layer, rolled methods are used when the plate applies. It is best to stop on modern materials, because after filling the plates, control the state of such isolation or repair is almost impossible. For small buildings with a small degree of responsibility and low water saturation, a polyethylene film is often used.
To protect the slab from moisture, which can get from above, it needs to be treated with penetrating compositions. Sometimes in private house-building resorts to the use of the following method: a solution for penetrating insulation is introduced into a concrete.
Also, after the fill, the slabs will be required to provide laying of the roll material in the places of wallpapers.
Before properly make the foundation waterproofing (tapes, piles, pillars), you need to carefully examine the question. It is important to apply high-quality materials. If you save at this stage of construction, you can spend a large amount of funds for repair during operation.
It is believed that concrete is a material that is able to withstand any conditions, including weather, and is able to serve for many years, not underway any changes. However, in fact it is not so. Of course, concrete is one of the most durable and durable matters. However, in order for the concrete foundation to serve as long as possible, it must be protected, and first of all from moisture, since it affects a destructive way.
If you do not provide for waterproofing for the foundation, after some time the base is simply collapsed, which will lead to a change, destruction of the whole building. In addition, a large damage to the base of the house can apply soil waters. Waterproofing - an important point when the foundation is arranged, forget about it in no case, and you can even carry out work on the isolation of concrete even with your own hands. On the Internet you can also find video on how to perform similar works.
Waterproofing using loose substances
Waterproofing a ribbon foundation with their own hands with the help of the coolant is one of the most simple ways to protect the base from moisture. The technique of such an option of waterproofing works on the principle of paint. You just need to purchase the material, and then with the help of the brush to cover the entire surface of the foundation of the coating. To ensure waterproofing in this case, liquid glass can be used, various bitumen mastics and much more.
The use of coating for waterproofing tape foundations has its advantages:
- The low cost of substances, and the work on protection themselves.
- The good elasticity of the substance that is ensured by its consistency.
- The absence of any junctions and seams.
- High degree of hydrophobic after concrete coating.
- Easy to perform waterproofing work. Concrete coating with coating does not imply the use of any complex tools or technique, as well as the presence of special skills.
- High degree of fastening with the surface of the foundation.
In addition to the listed qualities, the coating also has some disadvantages. First, it is a briefness. The shelf life of such a substance is an average of about six years. After this time, mastic or other substance becomes inelastic and fragile, and, accordingly, unable to ensure proper protection. As a result, the homeowner will have to carry out repair and repeated waterproofing work. Attention should be paid to this when choosing a method of waterproofing. When cracks appear on mastic or liquid glass after time, it is necessary to take measures to take steps as soon as possible, as the moisture can penetrate the cracks towards concrete and provoke the process of its destruction.
If we consider the fact that the options for coating are characterized by their low cost, it is possible to make waterproofing every 7-8 years without spending a large amount of money. However, if this option does not suit you, you can choose a substance with the addition of polymers, rubber or latex. Such connections serve much longer and more resistant to external influence.
Concrete Coating Technology Scoold
Make waterproofing a belt foundation with your own hands is completely simple.
- Previously, it is necessary to clean the tapes of concrete from dirt, dust and various foreign objects.
- Then you need to apply a special primer of deep penetration. It is necessary for better adaptation grip with the surface of the foundation.
- After the primer is firmly dry, you can proceed to applying a waterproofing substance. It is necessary to do this with a special painting brush. It should be applied in such a way that there are no lumen and empty sections on the surface. Additionally, you can watch the video on how to properly do the waterproofing of the belt foundation.
Waterproofing with rolled materials
Inexpensive waterproofing of tape foundations can be made using rolled materials. The most striking and frequently used representative of this group is Ruberoid. Sometimes the rolls of aquaisole and isoplast are also used for such purposes.
Rolled materials are generally widely used in the construction of houses and other structures. Moreover, they are used not only to protect the foundation, but also for roofing works, devices of the pool, road coating and much more. This material is capable not only to protect against the external effects of water and moisture, for example, under adverse weather conditions, but also from underwater soil waters with strong pressure.
Rolled materials from which waterproofing is made are divided into several types:
- Harvest. Such materials are attached to the surface of the base using special bonding substances, for example, bitumen mastic, or with the help of a special sticky layer. The second option is more convenient and does not require much time to carry out work.
- Floors. Such a type of materials is convenient and interesting in that the pre-prepared layer of the roll is heated using the burner, and then applied to the surface of the foundation. Under the influence of high temperatures, the material becomes sticky, and is well attached to the base.
Rolled materials also have some benefits:
- Easy use and installation.
- Durability.
- The presence of the ability to push moisture.
- High strength materials.
- Reliability of protection against external influences.
Rolled materials practically do not have drawbacks, and therefore are used for various purposes during construction.
Technology covered with rolled materials
To make waterproofing the ribbon foundation with rolled materials, it is necessary to perform a simple sequence of actions that can die:
- Prepare the base surface, align, clean from dirt and dust, eliminate extra inclusions and extraneous particles.
- Apply bitumen mastic with a painting brush. In cases where rolls with self-adhesive material or wept, this stage is passed.
- On a clean and smooth surface, a referenced rubberoid or any other rolled material is applied.
- It is important when fixing the material on the surface necessarily at the joints to make the allen layers on each other. The width of the adoption should be at least 15 centimeters. In order for the runneroid in this place is securely fastened, it must be sought with the help of a gas burner.
The process of applying material to the surface does not take much time. In more detail, the installation procedure of the runneroid or other rolled material can be considered on video.
Waterproofing using sprayed material
Waterproofing by sprayed materials is considered the most modern technology. The main advantage is that it meets all the necessary requirements and clearly performs all the tasks. In addition, such a material can be used not only in order to ensure the protection of the foundation for the first time, but also to prevail the old isolation. Today, builders also use sprayed waterproofing materials and roofing.
The main advantages of spraying include:
- Long service life.
- Easy to perform work on applying material.
- The absence of any seams and joints.
- Fast drying and hardening.
- Does not have toxic properties and does not bring any harm to health.
- Resistant to ultraviolet rays.
- Elastic.
The disadvantages of sprayed materials include only a fairly high cost of work, as well as the need for coating to attract special equipment.
Material application technology implies preparatory work, and then spraying the substance using a special device. Geotexius is also applied to securing. Video about how the spray procedure is performed can also be seen online.
Features of waterproofing base
During the application of waterproofing material, some features must be remembered. First, you should not forget that there are moisture in the ground, as well as many other substances leading to destruction. Therefore, it is important to ensure protection from land located next to the base. Apply materials, especially the coating, need in different directions, horizontally and vertically.
If you still think whether waterproofing is needed, whether protective works need to be done - you should think about the fact that due to the destruction of the foundation, the building will gradually begin to clone, and it means that walls and other parts of the structure will begin to collapse. Repairs in this case will cost quite expensive, so it is better to prevent the emergence of such difficulties.