Pink. Green. Family group. White. Orange. Yellow. Red. The most crucial period in the life of a family is when spouses are between 20 and 30 years old. The family is territorial. Divorces. Blue. Brazilians Valdomiro da Silva and Iracela Lacerda decided to get married. Pseudo-family. Family lesson. Types of modern family. Anniversaries. Grey. Relatives. Brown. Light blue. Family. Love. Open marriage. Your color and you.
“Women Politicians” - The role of women in modern society. Downplaying the role of women. Youth in politics. Chairman of the Council of Deputies. Students. Parents. Research data. Educated women. History of the issue. The position of women in society. Girls. Boys. History of development. Expediency. The idea of the role of women in society. There are few women politicians in Russia. Gender aspect of the topic. Diagram of women politicians.
“Questions on social studies” 10th grade” - Distraction. Reorganization of any aspect of public life. The immaterial principle in man. Something established, patterned, repeated without change. Objectivity. Method of scientific research. Thinking as a problem solving process. Cognition occurs through vision. Legality. Exhaustive, complete, reliable knowledge. An indicator of a certain level of reliability. The set of all methods of interaction.
“Public relations” - B. 20 “document”. Social groups. A.30 “social structure.” Types of social norms. Personal. Control based on norms, customs, and role expectations of the individual. Moral. Mechanism of social control. Language, culture, economics. An example of a formal sanction. Social connections. The first groups that emerged in the process of division of labor. Case planning. Social relations. Rebuke. Social interactions.
“Charters of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” - Charter of the garrison and guard service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Charter of the internal service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. After the October Revolution (coup), the first Soviet military regulations were published already in 1918. Battle regulations. Effect of the Charter. Disciplinary Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The provisions contained in the Charter should be applied creatively, in accordance with the situation.
“Questions on the Constitution” - Oath of the President. Fundamentals of the constitutional system. Questions - just a minute. President of the Russian Federation. Intellectual game for grades 10-11 “Do you know the Constitution of the Russian Federation.” About the State Flag of the Russian Federation. Just a moment's questions. Democracy. The people choose. Progress of the game. Restore the text of the Oath from memory. What is depicted on the coat of arms of Russia. "The union is indestructible." Federal constitutional law of December 25, 2000. What do the colors on the Russian flag mean.
Lessons 1-2 “The human evolutionary chain. Cultural components of evolution"
Lesson 1 “Human evolutionary chain.”
The development of the human race lasted 7 million years
Now a person goes through this entire path in the wombmother: he develops speech, hearing, memory,
touch, and most importantly, the human brain.
After birth we go through not an evolutionary, but
cultural path of development - after all, everything
biological prerequisites are ready.
Question: what skills does the baby acquire after
birth?
Human personality
The foundations of human personality are laidat 5-7 years, then they are adjusted and
are being sharpened.
Compare: 7 million years – 7 years
millennia compressed into months and days
Exercise:
Draw conclusions based on the figure on page 10how a person and his brain changed during
evolution?
The emergence of society
During evolution there wasa qualitative leap – did not arise
just a person, but HUMAN
SOCIETY.
Human history has begun
which is controlled by special
social laws.
Exercise:
Look at the drawing onpage 12 in the textbook, which
you can draw conclusions
looking at him?
Conclusions:
The more instincts, the smaller the roleparents.
The fewer instincts, the greater the role
parents.
Parents for a child are substitutes for nature,
they must pass on norms and models to him
behaviors created by society.
Let's think...
Man learns from his ownmistakes, and animals
don't make mistakes.
Why? Born without programming
behavior, people had to re-
learn how to interpret
the world around us and how
react to it.
Animals don’t need to do anything like that.
Gradually, from generation to generation,
a culture began to take shape.
Culture is...
A set of traditionscustoms, social norms,
rules governing
behavior of those who live
now and the topics being transmitted,
who will live tomorrow.
Man is a biosocial individual.
Human physical development stopped 40thousand years ago.
By this time, all the signs had formed,
which distinguish humans from animals.
Name them...
All this served as a transition from biological
evolution to cultural.
-
Slide 8
Main stages of human evolution
Man upright
Australopithecus
The Man from the Solo River
Rhodesian man
Neanderthal man
Cro-Magnon man
Modern manSlide 9
Pithecanthropus
Pithecanthropus (ape-man) - was found in 1891 on the island of Java. Pithecanthropus was significantly larger than Australopithecus: he had a height of at least 170 cm, a brain volume of 850-900 cubic meters. cm. Thus, Pithecanthropus can be considered a transitional link from monkey to man. He lived on earth 500 - 800 thousand years ago.
Slide 10
Pithecanthropus tool
-
Slide 11
Sinanthropus
Sinanthropus lived at approximately the same time as Pithecanthropus, but the brain volume was slightly larger. Next to the remains of synanthropes, various tools made of quartz, silicon pebbles, deer antler and bones were discovered.
Slide 12
Sinanthropus tools.
-
Slide 13
Neanderthal
Neanderthal, named after the Neanderthal Valley (Germany), where the remains of these people were first found in 1856. They lived in groups of 50 - 100 people in caves, where they constantly maintained a fire, dressed in skins, made primitive tools, painted their bodies with patterns, had religious beliefs and funeral rituals. Neanderthal tools were more advanced and had some specialization. The last Neanderthals lived among the first modern humans, and were then finally supplanted by them.
Slide 14
Modern type of people.
The emergence of people of the modern physical type occurred about 50 thousand years ago. Their remains have been found in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. In the Cro-Magnon Grotto (France), several fossil skeletons of modern people were discovered; they were called Cro-Magnons. They possessed the whole complex of features: articulate speech, as indicated by a developed chin protuberance, the construction of dwellings, the first rudiments of art (rock paintings), clothing, jewelry, perfect bone and stone tools, the first domesticated animals - everything indicates that this is a real a man who has completely separated himself from his bestial ancestors. Cro-Magnons and modern people form one species - Homosapiens - Homo sapiens; this species was formed no later than 100 - 40 thousand years ago.
Slide 15
Cro-Magnon
Homo sapiens - Cro-Magnon, named after the place of the first discovery (Cro-Magnon Cave in France). These were large people - up to 180 cm in height, with a skull volume of up to 1600 cubic cm. They lived approximately from 50,000 to 15,000 years ago, and were noticeably different in appearance from Neanderthals. They made tools from stone, bone and horn, including composite tools, which indicates significant progress in this area.
Slide 16
Cro-Magnon Bison Hunt
-
Slide 17
Systematic position of man
Empire-Cellular
Overkingdom–Nuclear (Eucaryota)
Animal Kingdom
Subkingdom–Multicellular (Metazoa)
Phylum–Chordata
Subphylum – Vertebrates (Vertebrata)
Class – Mammals (Mammalia)
Superorder – Placentals (Placentabia)
Squad – Primates
Suborder – Narrow-nosed monkeys (Catarhina)
Family – People (Hominidae)
Superfamily – Hominoids (Hominoidea)
Genus – Man (Homo)
Species – Homo sapiensSlide 18
Evidence of animal origins for humans
Comparative anatomical - a unified plan of the structure of human and animal bodies, the presence of rudiments and atavisms in humans.
Physiological – the similarity of processes occurring in human and animal organisms.
Embryological – similar stages of embryonic development in humans and animals.
Paleontological - finds of the remains of ancient humanoid creatures.
Biochemical - the similarity of the chemical composition of the intracellular environment of humans and animals.
Genetic – similarity in the number of chromosomes in humans and apes.Slide 19
Scientists about man
Heraclitus - organisms develop according to the laws of nature.
Aristotle - compared and studied the development of organs, introduced the concept of “organism”.
Hippocrates - studied the influence of natural factors on human health.
Claudius Galen - compared the structure of human and animal organs.
Leonardo da Vinci - studied, described and sketched the structure of the human body.
Andreas Vesalius - accurately described the internal organs of the human body and skeleton.
William Harvey - discovered two circles of blood circulation.Slide 20
Scientists about man
Rene Descartes discovered the reflex.
Sechenov I.M., Pavlov I.P. -developed the doctrine of reflex.
Pirogov N.I. –Founder of military field surgery.
Louis Pasteur - development of the science of immunity, developed a method of preventive vaccinations.
Mechnikov I.I. is the founder of the phagocytic theory of immunity. Thanks to the development of immunology and surgical technology, organ transplant operations have become possible.Slide 21
Methods for studying man
Observation Measurement
Experiment Statistics
Ultrasound X-ray
ModelingSlide 22
Human Sciences
Anatomy: studies the structure of the body, its organs, tissues, cells.
Physiology is a science that studies the functions of the whole organism, individual organs and their systems.
Psychology is a science that studies the general patterns of mental processes and the individual personal properties of a particular person.
Hygiene is a science that studies the conditions for maintaining human health, the proper organization of his life, work and rest.Slide 23
Conclusion.
In human evolution, the most important role is played not only by biological factors, but also by social ones (speech, work activity and social behavior). Human characteristics determined by social factors are transmitted in the process of education and training. Subsequently, social patterns became important in human evolution. Since man is a biological and social being, this determines his special position.
Slide 2
Human Origins
One of the most interesting and complex topics studied in the course of general biology is the origin of man. Where, when and how did the human race arise? How did he spread across the Earth?
In the last century, there were two answers in European culture: one was given in the Bible, the other in the theory of Charles Darwin. Therefore, it was this question - whether man was created by God or descended from a monkey - that attracted the attention of the general public.
Slide 3
Charles Darwin did not deny the existence of God, but believed that God created only the initial species, while the rest arose under the influence of natural selection. Alfred Wallace, who came to the discovery of the principle of natural selection almost simultaneously with Darwin, unlike the latter, argued that there is a sharp line between man and animals in relation to mental activity. He came to the conclusion that the human brain cannot be considered the result of natural selection.
Man is an animal interested in its origins. Interest in one's own origins has been characteristic of man since ancient times. The longer scientists study the fossil record, the clearer the picture of the transformation of ape into man emerges.
Slide 4
Many primate species followed the path of hominization, and Homosapiens, at the time of its emergence, was simply a representative of one of several competing lineages. It was not predetermined that he would succeed in the arena of evolution.
Today, most scientists adhere to the theory of the African origin of man and believe that the future winner in the evolutionary race arose in Southeast Africa about 200 thousand years ago and settled from there throughout the planet.
Homoerectus appeared in Africa about 1.8 million years ago. He made more advanced stone tools, which were found by paleontologists. Over several hundred thousand years, Homoerectus spread first across the Middle East, then to Europe and to the Pacific Ocean.
Slide 5
Human ancestry
Parapithecus
Dryopithecus
Propliopithecus
Chimpanzee
Gorilla
Gibbon
Orangutan
Australopithecus
The earliest people (Sinanthropus, Pithecanthropus)
Ancient people (Neanderthal)
New people (Cro-Magnon)
Evolution
person
Slide 6
Factors of anthropogenesis
Biological Social
1. Heredity
2.Variability
3.Insulation
4.Struggle for existence
5.Natural selection
1.Labor
2.Speech
3.Consciousness
4. Social life
5.Culture
Slide 7
Possible resettlement map
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Slide captions:
The cultural component of evolution Lesson 2 10th grade social studies
The need for culture is the result of the evolution of the human race.
Upright posture Large brain Presence of a second signaling system Thinking Language and consciousness Longer childhood Mastery of tools and fire = > Transition from biological to cultural evolution Man is distinguished from animals: Cro-Magnon man. Reconstruction by Z. Burian
Culture is a set of traditions, customs, social norms, rules governing the behavior of those who live now and transmitted to those who will live tomorrow. Anthropologists define culture. The burial of a boy from Sungiri and its reconstruction by G.V. Lebedinskaya.
A person learns how to interpret the world around him and how to react to it. Animals do not need this Socialization process - learning cultural norms Tools of the Mesolithic era
Actions dictated by biology do not allow any freedom. (involuntary reactions: for example: withdrawing a hand from something hot, sneezing, scratching) Conscious necessity is expressed in the fact that a person subordinates his instinctive freedom to social necessity (from “behaving as I want” to “behaving as public decency requires ") Freedom and responsibility
Freedom is a person’s ability to act in accordance with his interests and goals; the ability to perform certain actions depending on the circumstances Textbook p. 17 on freedom paragraph 1 after the definition Freedom and responsibility
Responsibility is a person’s obligation and willingness to answer for his actions, actions and consequences.
Homework: paragraph No. 2 retelling, workshop c. 1 in writing
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
The role and place of the national-cultural component in English lessons and outside of class hours
This material presents the importance of the national and cultural component in English lessons. The material was presented to the teaching community at the scientific and practical conference "University...
Development of cultural and hygienic skills among pupils of the Social Rehabilitation Center for Minors. Methodological developments for teaching staff (on the development of cultural and hygienic
Development of cultural and hygienic skills among pupils of the Social Rehabilitation Center for Minors. Methodological developments for teaching staff (on the development of cultural hygiene...
The influence of the cultural and educational space of the gymnasium on increasing the cultural level of graduates.
The cultural and educational space of the gymnasium enriches the spiritual world of schoolchildren. It is impossible not to note the high role of geography in the aesthetic education of students: in the formation of the perception of beauty...
Social and everyday orientation lesson in 6th grade. (Ethno-cultural component). Developed and conducted by SBO teacher Olga Evgenievna Lepeshkina.
Topic: “Brewing tea according to Khakass folk traditions.” Purpose: to teach how to brew a tea drink according to the rules, observing folk traditions. Objectives: Educational: to systematize and generalize theoretical...
Methodological development "Socio-cultural competence is one of the main components in teaching English."
Learning to communicate in a foreign language implies mastering socio-cultural knowledge and skills. Without them, there is no practical mastery of the language. It follows from this that the cultural orientation...
Slide 1
Origin and development of man
Chuprov L.A. MKOU secondary school No. 3 village. Kamen-Rybolov, Khankaisky district, Primorsky Krai.
Slide 2
Human Origins
Human development
Slide 3
If we mentally look at the path he traveled, we will see what enormous changes have occurred in the way of life of people, in their appearance, forms of communication and in the environment.
From the moment of his appearance on Earth until the beginning of the 21st century, man has gone through a long path of development.
Slide 4
Saudi Arabia
Kenya Tanzania Ethiopia Sudan Indian Ocean Red Sea
The first people appeared 2-3 million years ago. The ancestral home of humanity is Africa.
Slide 5
in the nature of biological needs: food, offspring, safety, etc.
Man is a biosocial being.
As a natural (biological) being, man had much in common with animals:
in the structure of the body
Slide 6
Primitive people did not know how to speak, had a smaller brain than modern man, and some animal-like appearance features.
lived and worked together
differed from animals in their ability to make and use simple tools.
Slide 7
2. Human development
About 40 thousand years ago, a man appeared who looked like modern people, “Homo sapiens,” “Homo sapiens.”
Straight gait
Improved hand
Increased brain volume
Articulate speech
Slide 8
In collective labor activity, man developed as a social being.
The life of “Homo sapiens” has also changed:
He learned to make new tools from wood, flint, and bone.
learned to make fire, sew clothes and build a home.
Slide 9
However, in the process of evolution, people developed a special communication system - a language that made it possible to express thoughts using words and sentences.
Primitive people lived in small groups, hunted and worked together. For a joint hunt to be successful, they needed to coordinate their actions, that is, somehow communicate with each other.
Many animals that live in packs contact each other using growls, body movements and screams.
Slide 10
When talking, people communicate their thoughts, feelings, and requests to each other.
Without language, human society and civilization could not exist.
Slide 11
The human herd was replaced by the clan community.
This form of unification of ancient people was more stable. It was based on consanguinity, collective labor and equal distribution
About 8-10 thousand years ago, man made the transition from gathering and hunting to agriculture and cattle breeding.
Slide 12
From the appropriation of natural products in finished form, people moved to their production. They began to jointly change, transform the world around them, and cultivate it.
Slide 13
The division of labor led to the emergence of crafts.
Cities and states emerge.
Slide 14
Customs, traditions, religion, laws become the basis of moral, religious and legal norms of human life in society.
People are devoting more and more time to art, science, and education.
Rules are created to regulate human behavior in society.
Slide 15
All these are the constituent elements of culture.
Culture turns into the second environment of human existence.
Slide 16
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