Countries of Central and South Asia. Asian countries and their capitals

The article contains information about the region. The material tells about the countries that make up the region. There is a short description of each state.

General information about the countries of South Asia

The region consists of seven states geographically located on the Eurasian continent.

The area of \u200b\u200bthe region is equal to 4% of the territory of the entire earth, but the level of population density is only 20% of the world's population. At the southern tip, the territory is surrounded by the seas and bays of the Indian Ocean. Of all the powers in the region, only two are landlocked - Bhutan and Nepal.

Figure: 1. Region on the map.

The countries are scattered in the direction of the southern borders of the Himalayas. The population in the region exceeds the value equal to one billion people.

All the powers of South Asia are characterized by historical similarities on the path of development.

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The list of countries in South Asia is as follows:

• Nepal;
• Butane;
• India;
• Sri Lanka;
• Pakistan;

Countries and capitals of South Asia

a poor state with a growing population. The main territory of the country lies on flat lowlands. The state regularly suffers from floods. Bangladesh's cities are home to about two dozen percent of the country's total population.

Figure: 2. Bangladesh.

The capital of Bangladesh - Dhaka is located on the Ganges River. The city belongs to the port category.

Nepal - a highland power of the region. The capital of the country - Kathmandu is home to about 1 million people.

Kingdom of Bhutan. The capital of the kingdom, Thimphu, is the largest settlement in the kingdom.

India - the oldest public education in the world. For almost two hundred years it was a colony of England. The capital of the state is the city of New Delhi.

India is the seventh largest country in the world. It ranks second in terms of population.

Republic of Sri Lanka located on the island of the same name. The state got its name from the combination of the words "Sri" - glorious and "Lanka" - land. The capital of the state in 1982 was moved from Colombo to the suburb of Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte.

Pakistan was formed during the division of British India in 1947. The capital of the country is the city of Islamabad. There is no industry in the city, because the city was originally built as a capital.

Figure: 3. Maldives.

An island-type state arose on islands of volcanic origin. The islands form a twin necklace of 26 atolls. The capital Male is located on the neighboring islands of Villingili and Male. Due to the regular melting of glaciers, the state is at risk. it is threatened by flooding.

What have we learned?

We found out where the region is geographically located. Received brief information on the composition of the population of the states of South Asia. Learned about the dangers that threaten the Maldives.

Assessment of the report

Average rating: five . Total ratings received: 1.

Asia on the map covers 44,579,000 square kilometers. It is officially recognized as a part of the world, which together with Europe forms the continent of Eurasia. Asia is the largest and most developing region on the planet. In 2019, the population of Asian countries was more than 4.164 billion people.

The thing is that Saudi Arabia is one of the most believers among Islamic countries, so it is not particularly keen to develop tourism and let foreign visitors into its territory.

It is very difficult to get even a tourist visa to Saudi Arabia.

The government of the country does not welcome foreigners on its territory, with the exception of those who come to Mecca every year.

GDP - 56 250 USD.

The poorest states

Asia is a highly developed and wealthy part of the world. But not all cities and countries can boast of high economic performance, decent living standards and wages. There are very few poor countries in Asia, but they do exist.

Poor countries:

Table of major Asian countries by territory

Largest countries in Asia by territory

Although Russia is located partially in Asia, it is considered the largest country in terms of territory.

The most populated states of Asia (table)

Asia, probably, can be considered the brightest, most diverse and contrasting part of the world, in which more than half of humanity lives. It contains dozens of countries and peoples with a huge variety of political structures and economic systems, different standards of living and dissimilar cultural characteristics. Many of them occupy leading positions among the most powerful economies in the world, while neighboring with frankly impoverished states.

Among these countries, there are also many leaders of various ratings in terms of area occupied by territories, population size, its general density and growth rate. There are many countries with the fastest growing economies here.

It is also surprising that among these countries there are many officially unrecognized states - Waziristan, the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, the Shan state, or partially recognized ones - Abkhazia, Azad Kashmir, the Republic of China (the island of Taiwan).

Some powers of this part of the world are partially located on the European part of the continent, including Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Indonesia, Yemen, Egypt, Azerbaijan, Georgia, or are part of other states, for example, the countries of the Asian part of Russia. It is also surprising that Cyprus, which is completely located in Asia, is at the same time a member of the European Union (EU) and Turkey is part of the states of the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO). These are the countries that make up Asia, amazing and incredible.

In general, Asia knows how to surprise and amaze the imagination with its scale and incredible features.

Historically, Asia is divided into five main parts: North (countries that are part of Russia), Central, East, West (Front) and South Asia. In the Russian geographical literature, you can find such a term as "countries of the foreign part of Asia", it means all of Asia, except for its northern part, that is, those countries that are part of Russia.

In the future, Asian countries will be indicated with a list of their capitals, grouped according to different criteria.

Asian countries with their capitals

West Side:

Central part:

• Tajikistan (Dushanbe),
• Kazakhstan (Ankara),
• Afghanistan (Kabul),
• Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek),
• Turkmenistan (Ashgabat),
• Uzbekistan (Tashkent),

South Asia (countries):

• Nepal (Kathmandu),
• Sri Lanka (Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte - official, Colombo - fact.),
• Bhutan (Thimphu),
• Pakistan (Islamabad),
• India (New Delhi),
• Bangladesh (Dhaka),
• Maldives (Male),

Eastern:

• Japan Tokyo),
• Democratic People's Republic of Korea - DPRK or North Korea (Pyongyang),
• Mongolia (Ulan Bator),
• Republic of Korea or South Korea (Seoul),
• China - PRC (Beijing).

Southeast Asian countries (list):

Northern part:

• Russia and all the Asian republics that are part of it (Moscow).

States not recognized by the world community and not fully recognized

Unrecognized states of the region:

• Waziristan (Wana),
• Shan State (Taungji),
• Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (Stepanakert),

Partially recognized states of the region:

• State of Palestine (Ramallah),
• Abkhazia (Sukhum),
• Republic of South Ossetia (Tskhinval),
• Azad Kashmir (Muzaffarabad),
• Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (Lefkosa),
• taiwan Island - Republic of China (Taipei).

Controlled territories:

• British Indian Ocean Territory (Diego Garcia),
• Akrotiri and Dekeria (Episkopi),
• Christmas Island (Flying Fish Cove),
• Macau - Macau (Macau - Macau),
• Cocos Islands (West Island),
• Hong Kong - Xianggang (Hong Kong - Xianggang).

Conclusion

Now the reader has an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat various and dissimilar states are in Asia, where their capitals are located and how many of them actually are.

And if suddenly you decide to visit one of these states, then approach the choice of the place of your further stay with special care, because Asia is not only beautiful and amazing, but also dangerous! Many customs and traditions of the peoples living there may contradict the ideas about the norm and morality of a European inhabitant, and vice versa, an act that seems harmless for you and me, in the East can be regarded as immoral and even illegal. Therefore, be alert and attentive.

On the territory of Asia, there are several dozen countries with different political systems and living standards, with amazing and dissimilar cultures. Russia also partly belongs to What states does Foreign Asia include? The countries and capitals of this part of the world will be listed in the article.

What is called overseas Asia?

A foreign territory is the part of the world that does not belong to Russia, that is, these are all Asian countries, except for Russia. In the geographical literature, foreign Asia is divided into four large regions. So, there are Central, Eastern, Southern and Front (Western). - this is Russian territory, and, naturally, foreign Asia does not belong to it. The countries and capitals of this are absolutely different from each other, they are unique and inimitable.

The table below gives an alphabetical list with the names of the capitals.

Developed countries of overseas Asia and their capitals

Among the most highly developed countries in the world is Singapore (the capital is Singapore). It is a small island country with a high standard of living, which is mainly engaged in the production of electronics for export.

Tokyo), also engaged in the creation of electronic equipment, is among the ten most prosperous countries in the world. Almost all countries of overseas Asia and their capitals are rapidly developing. For example, Qatar, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan are among the five fastest growing (in terms of GDP growth) economies in the world.

Not everyone should be ahead ...

Overseas Asia and their capitals: Bangladesh (capital - Dhaka), Bhutan (capital - Thimphu), Nepal (capital - Kathmandu). These and some other countries can not boast of either a high standard of living or special achievements in industry. Yet overseas Asia (countries and capitals are listed in the table above) plays an important role in the global economy. The largest financial centers are located in the largest part of the world on the planet: Hong Kong, Taipei, Singapore.

We continue to get acquainted with the origin of the names of the capitals of the world. A page on European capitals was prepared earlier. This page deals with the capitals of Asian states, as well as states partially located in Europe or Oceania, but mainly in Asia.

Abu Dhabi. Capital of the United Arab Emirates. The city was founded in 1760. In most cases, the name of the city is translated from Arabic as “the father of the gazelle”. There is a legend about a gazelle, which led hunters to the oasis, on which the city was founded. However, it is believed that the toponym Abu Dhabi associated not with the name of the animal, but with a personal name from this name.

Amman. Capital of Jordan. The city has existed for several thousand years. An ancient name - Rabat-Amon "The city of Amun" (Amon - the sun god of the ancient Egyptians).

Ankara. Capital of Turkey. The city has been known since the 7th century BC. e. The toponym goes back to the Phrygian word anchor "Anchor", the meaning of which has evolved into "parking lot, stopping place".

Astana. Capital of Kazakhstan. The city was founded in 1830 as a Cossack outpost. Until 1961 it was called Akmolinsk. In 1961-1992. - Tselinograd. In 1992-1998. - Akmola. From May 6, 1995 - Astana. Toponym Akmola (Akmolinsk - Russified form) in translation from Kazakh - "white grave", "white shrine". Tselinograd was named in memory of the development of virgin and fallow lands in Kazakhstan. The modern name comes from the Kazakh word astana - "capital".

Ashgabat. The capital of Turkmenistan. Founded in 1881 and named after a nearby village Askhabad, which is translated from Turkmen as “beloved city”. In 1919-1927. was called Poltoratsk in memory of the Commissioner of Labor of the Turkestan Republic. In 1927-1991 it was called Ashgabat (refined form of toponym Askhabad). Since 1991 - Ashgabat, which is more consistent with the Turkmen pronunciation. The older form is still used in Russian Ashgabat.

Baghdad. Capital of Iraq. The city was founded in 763. The toponym is of Iranian origin. Means God-given. In Arabic it is called Dar es Salaam - "abode of peace".

Baku. The capital of Azerbaijan. Located in the southern part of the Absheron Peninsula. The toponym has been known since the 5th century, but its etymology is not fully clear. There are several versions. Explanations such as "blown by the wind" (from Arabic through Persian) or "mountain wind" are not recognized as scientific. Not proven and explanation from Iranian abad "City" + ku “Fire” (in connection with the religion of fire worshipers). It is more plausible to either derive the name of the city from Lak (one of the Turkic languages) baku "Hill", or from the ethnonym bakans (bagans) - the most ancient inhabitants of the Absheron Peninsula.

Bangkok. Capital of Thailand. Derived from Bengali. There is no consensus on the etymology of the toponym. Among the translations - "the city of the wild plum", "forest village", "olive thickets". Toponym Bangkok only used outside Thailand. In Thailand itself, the capital is usually called Krung Thep - "city of the gods".

Bandar Seri Begawan. The capital of Brunei. Until 1970 the city bore the name Brunei, or Brunei town. Presumably traced back to Sanskrit varuṇ - either "ocean" or "lord of the ocean". According to another version, translated from Malay - "plant". In 1970, the capital was renamed in honor of the former Sultan of Brunei in Bandar Seri Begawan. Translated from Malay - "the city of his lordship."

Beirut. Capital of Lebanon. The city has been known since the 15th century. e. The toponym is of Phoenician (according to others - Semitic) origin and means "well".

Bishkek. The capital of Kyrgyzstan. The city grew out of the Kokand fortress, built in 1825. Pishpek. The name of the fortress passed to the city, which received this status in 1878.From 1926 to February 1991 it was called Frunze, in honor of Mikhail Frunze, a native of Pishpek, a famous Bolshevik and Soviet military leader. Since February 1, 1991, it has a modern name Bishkek, which is considered more accurate from the point of view of the norms of the Kyrgyz language form of the previous name Pishpek. With regard to the etymology of the toponym Bishkek there is no consensus. According to one version, it comes from the name of the batyr of Bishkek (lived in the 18th century). According to another version, it is translated as "club, club".

Vientiane. Capital of Laos. From the ancient Khmer word meaning "fortification, fenced city". The city has been known since the XIII century.

Dhaka. Capital of Bangladesh. The most common explanation is on behalf of the Hindu goddess of fertility Durga. But it has been suggested that this is not the case.

Damascus. Capital of Syria. The origin of this ancient place name is not entirely clear. One of the versions: the name goes back to the Semitic languages \u200b\u200band means "business (useful)".

Delhi. Capital of India. In ancient times, the city was called Indraprastha, or Indrabara (according to one version, the name of the king of the gods Indra + "great"). Later, the city began to be called by the name of Raja Dilla from the Mauryan dynasty.

Jakarta. Capital of Indonesia. Explanation from Sanskrit jaya-kerta - "the place of victory" is recognized as unreliable. During the period of Dutch rule (from the 18th century to 1945) the city was named Batavia (according to the ancient Roman name of Holland).

Doha. Capital of Qatar. The city has existed since 1825. At first it was called Al-Bida. Toponym Doha - of Arab origin. Its etymology is “big tree”.

Dushanbe. The capital of Tajikistan. The city originated from the village Duchambe in 1925. The name, translated from Tajik, means "Monday" (the day on which the market took place here). In 1929-1961. bore the name Stalinabad ("Stalin's city").

Yerevan. The capital of Armenia. The year of foundation is considered to be 782 BC. e. Several explanations for this toponym have been proposed, most of which have no scientific basis. For example, and Persian ravan "Swift current", from the name of a certain founder-khan Revan, from the Urartian Erebuni - "the abode of the god Aru" or as "the brilliant descendant of the eagle." The ancient name of the fortress Erebuni (in the place of present-day Yerevan) is also derived from the name of the nationality or tribal union.

Jerusalem. Capital of Israel and the Palestinian Authority. The city has been known since the XIX-XVIII centuries. BC e. The most common is the etymology "city of the god Shalim". The explanations “house (people) of the world”, “house made of stone” are considered a later folk etymology. The Arabs call this city El Quds - "sacred".

Islamabad. Capital of Pakistan. This is a new city, built as a capital in the 60s. XX century The official religion of Pakistan is Islam. Accordingly, this capital was given the name - "the city of Islam".

Kathmandu. Capital of Nepal. The city was founded in 723, but the oldest archaeological finds on its territory date back to 185 BC. Before the 16th century. bore the name Kantipur, which in translation from Sanskrit means "city of beauty". Most often toponym Kathmandu deduced from the name of the temple Kastamandap ("tree" + "sheltered shelter"), built in 1596. According to another explanation, the components of the toponym mean "house, village, city" (Indo-European word) + "temple" (translated from Hindi) , that is, "the city of temples". Another proposed etymology is the "boundary place".

Kuala Lumpur. Capital of Malaysia. The city was founded in 1857. The name is Malay. The first part is translated as "mouth", the second - "silt, silty". The latter is characteristic of the Gombak and Klang rivers, at the mouth of which the city is located.

Lefkosha. The name of the northern part of Nicosia, which is the capital of the self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Is the Turkish form of the Greek place name Leukosia (see Nicosia).

Male. Capital of the Republic of Maldives. The city is over 800 years old. There is no unambiguous interpretation of the toponym. According to one version - from the same Indo-European root as the toponym Maldives and means "stand out in relief", "rise", "grow". According to another version, it consists of two Sanskrit stems, which are translated as "big" + "blood".

Manama. The capital of Bahrain (an island nation in the Persian Gulf). The city has been known since 1345. The name is Arabic in origin. Means either "resting place" or "dream place".

Manila. Capital of the Philippines. The city was founded in 1571 by the Spaniards. The toponym contains a prefix ma-, which in Tagalog indicates the abundance of something, and the basics nila - "Manila indigo" (a kind of tree).

Muscat. Capital of the Sultanate of Oman. People lived in the area of \u200b\u200bthe city as early as the VI millennium BC. e. The etymology of the toponym is not fully understood. There are known attempts to interpret on the basis of the Arabic language - "inflated skin", "anchorage", "place of fall". Persian origin - "strong aroma" is also suggested.

Muzaffarabad. The administrative center of the Pakistani territory Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The city is named after Sultan Muhammad Muzaffar Khan (the first Muslim ruler in Kashmir). Translated from Arabic name Muzaffar means "winner, victorious." In the local language, the city was called Udabhanda.

Naypyidaw. Capital of Myanmar (formerly Burma). Translated from Burmese means "royal capital", "royal city of the sun" (literal translation). Until November 2005, the capital was Yangon, whose name is translated as "the end of strife". English imitation of a place name Yangon in one of the local dialects - Ragoon (under this name the city was known all over the world for a long time).

Nicosia. Capital of the Republic of Cyprus and the partially self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Founded in the XI century. BC e. In antiquity, the city-state of Ledra existed on this site. In the period approx. 280 BC e. - IV century. n. e. was called Leucotheon There are three etymologies for this toponym. According to one version, it comes from the name Leuko, the son of Ptolemy I Lagus. According to another version, the toponym is associated with a white poplar. Also associated with the name of the goddess Leukotea ("white goddess"). Since 348 it is called Leukosia (phonetic transformation of the toponym Leucotheon). The place name is used outside Cyprus Nicosia - so the name Leukosia pronounced the Franks-crusaders.

New Delhi. Capital of India (since 1911, before that - Calcutta). Occupies the southern part of Delhi. Literally "new Delhi". In ancient times, on the site of Delhi, there was the city of Indrabara ("great Indra"). The toponym Delhi is associated with the name of Raja Dilli from the Mauryan dynasty, who founded his capital here.

To be continued

Sources

Nikonov V.A.A short toponymic dictionary. M., 1966.

Pospelov E.M. School toponymic dictionary. M., 1988.