Size of the drain pit without pumping. Cell whale without pumping with your own hands - Instructions for construction

If there is no centralized sewage near the house, then as a solution to the problem, you can consider the arrangement of the cesspool. In any house where there is a fit of hot and cold water supply, the problem of collecting and outputting sewage appears.

The cesspool is the easiest sewage option in a private or country house, which can be made with your own hands.

Where there should be a cesspool

To start, need to decide on the sitewhere the cesspool will be equipped.

directly on the plot adjacent to a private or country house;
it is possible to improve at a distance of at least 10 meters from the foundation of a residential building and other buildings in the household territory and to facilities in the neighborhood;

Important! This requirement is based on the fact that with closest installation of a leakageless pit without pumping, it is possible to destroy the foundations of close buildings, as well as their flooding.

the distance from the pit to the fence is also governed and must be at least one meter;
the depth should not be no more than 3 meters. When choosing, you need to take into account the depth of the underground water;
yama is obliged to be at a certain distance (25 meters) from drinking wells.

This distance depends on the type of soil At the backyard territory:

With clay soil - no closer than 20 meters;
With a suglinist soil - no closer than 30 meters;
With the sandy and sandy soil - a cesspool can not be installed closer than 50 meters from the well.

Device cesspool with your own hands

There are two main types of lines:

hermetic;
normal without bottom.

An embodiment of sewering in a country or private house is determined by the location of the territory, the daily amount of wastewater and the material capabilities of the owner of the site:

if the daily amount of wastewater is not more than one cubic meter, it is possible to build a simple system without the bottom and without pumping. In the pit of this type, the estones partially go into the ground, in which the anaerobic bacteria is cleaned. For an example of this cesspool, a classic rural toilet can be brought;
with a large amount of wastewater (more cubic meter), the construction of a hermetic design is required, which you need to pump off from time to time.

This requirement is explained by the fact that in the absence of bottoms in the pit, the wastewater passes into the ground and her cleaning occurs microorganismslocated in the thickness of the Earth. But their cleaning capabilities are not limitless.

For large quantities of wastewater, microorganisms do not cope with water purification. In this case, wastewater will begin to pollute the adjacent area and possibly their passage in the water-mounted layers of the soil with further contamination of the drinking well.

If the utilization of a large amount of wastewater can be seen to the arrangement of a septication with filtration fields.

Normal Sewing Human Hand

The simplest waste system is done like this:

drove to the depth of up to two meters, two meters wide and up to three meters long;
the walls of the Earth are stacked or recorded;
down the layer of crushed stone;
the protective overlap with the lid is installed on top.

The main advantages of the pit without the bottom:

ease of operation;
a small cost of design and operation;
simple and fast construction with your own hands.

Disadvantages of the pit without the bottom:

underground water level must be lower than the level of the waste system;
not suitable for sewering a large amount of sewage water;
environmentally unsafe;
possibly unscheduled filling due to rainwater;
it has an unpleasant smell.

Hermetic Waste Yama

The hermetic waste system is a hermetic container, where the sewer water pumps through the pipes. As the container filling the sewer water, you need to pump off a special machine.

The main advantages of the hermetic system:

the installation site does not depend on the type of soil on the site;
does not depend on the passage of groundwater;
environmentally safe, sewage waters do not enter the environment.

Minuses of hermetic design:

the smell appears if the drive is made in the form of a well;
monthly costs (you need to periodically call an arc machine for pumping);
relatively large cost of construction.

What to build a drain pit with your own hands

Consider different types and methods of the design of drain systems that can be made with your own hands. They are conventionally divided into permanent and temporary.

From automotive tires

If you need a drain system for the toilet in a country house with minimal cost, you can make it yourself with the help of old car tires.

This is a fast and budget option for the construction of the sewer. The design is pretty simple. Motded, where the old tires are stacked on another. A layer of rubble is embanked to the bottom of the pit, if the tire is desired, the castle of clay is sealed.

Benefits:

if necessary, it is easily restored;
durability;
speed, simplicity and low cost of design.

Disadvantages:

tires over time are subjected to rotting;
the possibility of negative environmental impact at high load on the construction;
fast balancing with insufficient cleaning and pumping, as a result, the useful area is lost.

From concrete rings

This is another way to quickly build a drain system. By its design, it looks like a well. Rings are installed on each other. The compounds between them, if desired, are sealed with a cement screed.

By its design, the sewage pit from concrete rings relates more to hermetic structures. because need to regularly press it. Although there is an option to install septica from concrete rings.

Main advantages:

the convenience of the device of the protective cover with hatch;
durability;
the possibility of structures with their own hands;
relatively small cost.

Disadvantages:

the possibility of manifestation of unpleasant smell from ventilation pipes;
the need for periodic pumping;
building installation.

Plumber of bricks

This is the most successful and optimal option if you need a drain system for a toilet or bath in a country house.

Benefits:

ease of construction - almost any dacket will cope with brickwork for the drain pit;
ecology - the contents of the drain design periodically pumped out the assessing machine.

Disadvantages:

cheating. It is possible to prevent dragging using a constant pumping fluid in the accumulator;
relatively short service time (up to 20 years), as a result of the destruction of the brick in adverse conditions of the drain system;
periodically likely to form an unpleasant odor. Certify this can help the use of various drugs that speed up waste decomposition processes and timely drives for the drive.

Construction of a brick cesspool

First you need to decide on the installation site of the drain pit, observing all the rules and taking into account the convenience of operation.

We choose the design. Taking into account the destination, the drain brick pit may be rectangular, square or round.

We calculate the desired volume, dimensions and prepare the pit for the pit.

With a rectangular design, we make the bottom of the bottom towards the installation of the hatch. At the bottom of the pillows we smear a sand pillow, a layer of 20 cm and poured it with cement mortar. You can take the finished reinforced concrete slab required size. The cement screed is made from above.

We make masonry walls. The optimal thickness of the walls is 30 cm. Wall laying is preferably made in a chess order in Polkirpich. Possible laying in a quarter of a brick.

Then, when the walls are ready, you need to process them with bitumen mastic or make a clay castle from the outside for better sealing. If necessary, it is plastering the inner surface.

Setting the hatch and overlap

Then, when the base of the drain pit is ready, we set the overlap with the hatch. The overlap must no less than 50 cm Close the pit around the perimeter.

The role of overlapping is chosen by concrete slabs or thoroughly fill the logs. When arranging cesspools, it is necessary to envisage the location for the hatch. Luke is made in size 70 cm.

Top overlapping with stele waterproofing from a film or rubberoid. Waterproofing coating with a layer of slag or soil with a size of 0.5 m.

Attention! To protect against the appearance of smell from the drain pit and its freezing, the hatch into the pit is installed double. The top cover is located on the surface of the Earth, and the other at the level of overlapping. The space that appeared in the onions is filled with insulating materials (slag, claying, foam, etc.).

Sewage pit from barrel

This is an excellent option for the development of drainagewood with your own hands with natural cleaning of cessation with small amounts of wastewater (up to 1 cubic meters).

Barrel preparation:

we use a 200 liter barrel, best of all of the material that is not subject to corrosion, we do in the wall in a checkerboard manner for drainage drill or a grinder. Holes should be preferably made with a distance of 15-25 centimeters;
hermetically secure the bottom of the barrel for connecting the drain pipe. To ensure sealing, you can use silicone sealants. We process the plot of connecting the nozzle of the mastic;
wrap a geotextile barrel and firmly secure it with a twine. It is necessary to ensure the protection of the container from entering its design of the Earth and other third-party particles while maintaining a normal drainage.

Installing a cessusary sewer system:

we make a trench and laying the sewage pipes, without fail with a bias;
we prepare the cutting depth and size just above the depth of the barrel;
down the cutlery fall asleep gravel or rubbent layer 20 cm;
we put a barrel on this pillow and connect the plum pipe;
the resulting space between the walls of the pit and the container fill in gravel or crushed stone;
we attach the sewage pipe to the installed pipe.

Now the sewer pit for your bath is ready. You can also make a drain pit for the toilet with your own hands.

As an embodiment of the sewer home system, you can consider the device of a cesspool concrete drain pit.

Stages of construction of a concrete pit:

On this technology, you can make a drain pit for the toilet with your own hands.

Summarizing

Options to build a drain cesspool on its own quite a lot. Selecting a specific solution, taking into account specific conditions and material opportunities. You can also consider installing the septica or purchase of a ready-made set for arranging the drain pit.

For seasonal accommodation in the country or with a small volume of consumed water, it is not necessary to establish an expensive cleaning structure. The optimal place of waste disposal will be a cesspool with their own hands without pumping. Its design is very simple, but the construction process is laborious.

Scheme of a cesspool

Types of cesspools

The easiest and most proven version of autonomous sewage is a drain pit. According to the design, they are three species:

Sealed containers in which stock accumulation occurs. They are safe for ecology, easy to install, but requires permanent pumping costs.
The pit without the bottom is arranged for collecting a lead in the soil of all household wastewater.
Septic - The construction of the structure provides for settling and cleaning the polluted water.

Frequent pumping of the drain pit is a dear service that accompanies the spread of an unpleasant smell. It is possible to completely abandon it only when installing a biological station, but to reduce the call of the assessing agents to once every 3-4 years is quite real.

Device cesspool without pumping

The absorbing drive without the bottom is an affordable way of the autonomous sewage device, which the owners are implemented independently. Its design is performed in the form of a well, on the bottom of which a layer of filtration materials is added. Household waste on the drain pipe is entered into the pits, the liquid is seeping through the filter at the bottom, and large fractions are delayed. Microorganisms in the soil are processed by organic substances from the drain and disinfected them.

The size of the pit is chosen according to water standards per person, which make up 150-200 liters per day. The liquid leaves the drive after 3 days, so the daily volume increases three times. For a family of 3 people, a pit is required for 1.5 cubic meters. m.

Attention. Bacteria will not be able to cope with a large volume of water, and the threat of soil contamination will arise. With daily consumption of more than 1 cubic meter. M of water, you need to install septic tank.

The advantages of the drain pit:

simple design;
available cost of materials;
quick installation.

Disadvantages:

unpleasant odor;
the threat of ecology;
the laboriousness of the installation with their own hands.

Choose a place for the pit

Placement of structures for waste collection determine special rules and norms. These recommendations allow to protect the sources of water supply, the foundation of the house and green areas from pollution in the event of an increase in the water level in the drain pit. Sanitary rules define the following distances:

before the reservoir - 30 m:
to the well with sandy ground - 50 m, with clay - 20 m;
to trees - 3 m;
to the foundation of the house at least 5 m;
to the border of the neighboring section - 2 m.

It is important to take into account the area of \u200b\u200bthe territory, the lowlands is not suitable for the drain drive device. During the shower and melting of snow, water will fill the hole. Also takes into account the depth of groundwater, it should be below 1 meter from the bottom of the drive.

Features of the design of a cesspool in various soil

The time of utilization of effluents depends on the bandwidth of the soil. Sand or peat soil is distinguished by a high absorption rate of fluid, but their filtration qualities are insufficient. Polluted drains can reach aquifer and poison it. In this case, part of the bottom and the wall of the drive is concreted to reduce the area transmitting.

The opposite situation arises on the glistening ground - the liquid slowly seeps into the soil and in the pit constantly high water levels. The problem is solved by creating additional drainage. At the bottom of the pits to the depth of 1 meter, several plastic sewer pipes filled with gravel. Their upper edge performs 1 meter from the bottom of the drive, and the walls are perforated. The design serves simultaneously for filtering and debatelaws.

Another way will require additional costs, it provides for the construction of a number of second well, connected to the poles. With raising the water level, it will enter the next building, and the area of \u200b\u200bdrainage will double.

Preparatory work

Deciding with a place for the drive, starting earthworks. This is the first stage in the construction of any type of autonomous sewerage. Kotlovan is digging according to the calculations on the optimal volume of the cesspool. The depth of the settling should not exceed 3 meters, it will allow in case of casing to pump from the bottom. The walls of the pitchelate are aligned for the subsequent installation of the selected material.

Council. Save on the call of an excavator for digging a pit can be, if you perform it simultaneously with the construction of the foundation of the house.

Materials for the manufacture of pit: pros and cons

So that the cesspool cost cheaply, the owners of the sites are ready to use fir-handed materials: bricks, slag blocks, tires and boards. If the first two material is strong enough, then the rest are suitable for temporary construction, since under the action of moisture and chemical reactions will be more unfasteless. A high-quality and durable drive is built from monolithic concrete, reinforced concrete rings and bricks.

Drain pit from reinforced concrete rings

If the pit can be digging yourself independently, then for the installation of heavy rings will have to order a lifting crane. The dimensions of the kit should exceed the standard diameter of the rings by 50 cm so that waterproofing can be performed. When installing several products, one should be with factory perforation specifically made for the filtration well. If whole rings are purchased, you can fill holes with your own hands. Their diameter is 5-8 cm, and a distance from each other is 30 cm, the holes are located in a checker order.

The bottom of the pit is covered with a layer of sand by 20 cm and a layer of gravel or rubble to a height of 20-30. These breeds will become a filter, delaying fecal waste in the pit.

The junction of the rings is melted with cement mortar, their outer portion is covered with bitumen mastic for waterproofing. In the upper ring, a hole for entering the sewer pipe is cut. The pipeline itself is placed in the trench below the border of the soil freezing. The design is covered with a concrete slab overlap made with a hatch.

Maja of concrete rings

Pluses of the drive:

durability;
quick installation of finished parts;
high performance.

labor complexity;
the need for pumping is not excluded completely.

Celebration of bricks

The sump form is chosen arbitrarily, build square, round and rectangular drives. The material uses a red full-length brick, laid on a cement solution. At the bottom of the dumplings, a pillow of sand with a height of 20 cm is arranged. On top of it, the formwork is stacked from the board and the concrete screed is poured.

Council. For a better diverse of water before pouring concrete, wells are performed in a depth of 1 meter toasting perforated pipes.

Brickwork is conducted in two ways - with an interval of half or a quarter of the brick. Thanks to this design, the water leads occurs evenly. From above, the drive is closed by a concrete slab, which can be made independently.

Plumber of bricks

Production of overlapping

The stove should perform for the perimeter of the pit by 30 cm on each side. The plot for work is denoted by spicyrs with a stretched rope. A leaf is stacked on the pit and covers with a polyethylene film. A reinforcement is performed on top of the waterproofing in 20 × 20 cm increments. When preparing reinforcement, a frame limiting the hatch is inserted. Installed ventilation pipe for gases. Planed boards are taken for formwork and placed on a stretched rope. The finished design is poured with concrete, trambed and smoothes. The hatch cover is made simultaneously with the stove or buy metal. After grapping the concrete, the fate is removed in the place left for the lid.

Cover from concrete

Council. Within 4 weeks, while the concrete is free, it is not recommended to perform load on overlapping.

The stove should be hermetic and tower over the level of land. This will avoid catastrophic filling during rain. In winter, the hatch cover is insulated so that the pit does not freeze.

affordable price;
simple installation;
good fluid outflow in the ground.

highlighting the walls;
destruction of bricks under the influence of wastewater.

How to extend the life of a cesspool

The technology of eternal cesspool should include several mandatory conditions:

the use of durable and durable material, which is not corrosion;
the use of anaerobic bacteria contributing to the decomposition of organic waste;
the device of the pits of two parts, after filling the first drive, the pipe fluid flows into the second, the volume of the pit rises twice.

A constructions that meet all the requirements will be a two-chamber cesspool of a monolithic concrete. The walls of the structure are poured on the formwork, a pipe for overflow is installed in the partition under the tilt. The outer part of the walls is processed by bitumen mastic to protect against moisture. As a filtering layer, a mixture of rubble and gravel is used as a filtering layer. The pit is covered with a concrete slab with a hatch and a ventilation pipe.

Adding biological preparations reduces smell formation and accelerates the process of decomposition of the organic. Anaerobic bacteria do not tolerate low temperatures so that they do not die in winter, the pit needs to be inspired. Microorganisms are sensitive to the composition of the drain, therefore it should be discarded to drain into sewering chemicals.

The cesspool is necessary for country sites, its manufacturer will make it possible to arrange a construction with the least financial costs.

Heating: ◄.

Not at every country site provides a central sewer system. In this case, owners have to equip autonomous sewer with their own hands, and this procedure is not particularly difficult. By the way, a cesspool with her own hands without pumping on some signs wins in a hermetic design, which also enjoys considerable demand lately. Below will look at all the subtleties of how to make a cesspool to do not pump off.

The cesspool is considered the simplest sewage device in the cottage or country house. Its peculiarity is that it can be organized independently, without attracting specialists.

Rules for the location of the cesspool

Before making a pit, you need to understand where it is best to do it. At the moment there are slights regulating the location of the cesspool as follows:

In the territory that is adjacent to the house or dacha;
A pit can be installed no closer than 10 meters from the foundation of any nearest facilities. This rule is determined by the fact that if the pit has bad tightness, it may affect the as the nearest foundation (that is, it can simply collapse over time);
From the pit to the fence, it is also important to maintain a distance of at least 1 meter;
The cesspool in a private house must have a maximum depth of no more than three meters. In addition, it is important to take into account how deep the groundwater is running;
Human pit must be located 25 meters from drinking water sources. The distance is calculated depending on the type of soil. If it is sandy and sandy soil, a safe distance is 50 meters, a sublinous - 30 meters, clay - 20 meters.

What are cesspools

In a private house, you can organize a pit of three types:

absorbing (without bottom);
hermetic;
septic.

The easiest option is the first, which is a bottomless tank. Such a sewer system has its strengths. First of all, it is good because it requires a rare pumping. In addition, it can be done small, and it does not take a lot of money.

The only disadvantage of this option is that all the drains penetrate directly into the ground, which has a certain damage to the surroundings. Yes, and if the country house generates too much effluent, such a pit simply will not cope with their number.

A more comfortable from the operational point of view is a hermetic capacity, which is also environmentally friendly for the environment. But to pump out such a sewer, it is necessary to sometimes call an arc machine. After a certain time, the effectiveness of the hermetic pit drops, and it will be needed to clean more and more.

With large volumes, the assessing machine will have to call more often. This is explained by the fact that the drains are removed, and Il remains. In a word, this option requires the investment of material resources.

The most reliable cesspool is septic, equipped in the country with their own hands. As for the principle of its action, this is mechanical wastewater treatment.

By the Word of Septics, such equipment happens with one or more cameras. Septic tanks with one camera are considered the easiest. If we consider the design, then septic is something like a well with a bottom, which is laid out with the help of rubble and broken bricks. In short, the drains are roughly cleaned, after which the water begins to penetrate into the ground, where the bacteria compells to the procedure: additionally purified. As a result, the tank will not be replenished immediately, but in the soil itself it falls at least harmful substances.

The most environmentally friendly septic tanks - consisting of several cameras, they are capable of better cleaning wastewater up to the fact that they can water the garden. On the presence of smell in this case, speech does not go. At the same time, this is the most expensive option to arrange a waste pit.

What materials are made by pits

A pit for a bath or house can be made of a wide variety of materials. Basically, undergraded building materials, such as brick, slag block, boards, and even tires. As for the first two materials, their strength will be enough for the structure, but the boards and tires will quickly come into disrepair, since various loads will continue to act on them. If we are talking about a high-quality and durable drive, then for its construction it is necessary to apply monolithic concrete, reinforced concrete rings and bricks.

So, the container for the bath with their own hands is most often done from the reinforced concrete rings. Drinking boiled onto its own, but for mounting the rings you need to lease the lifting crane. As for sizes, it must have a 50 cm diameter more than the rings, which is required for further waterproofing of the structure. If several products are installed, then one of them should have a factory perforation (necessary for the filtration well). If the rings are solid, the hole is made independently.

The bottom of the pit should be covered with sand by 20 cm and gravel or rubble by 30 cm. These rocks are activated as a filter, which will detain fecal waste in the pit.

Places where concrete rings are connected should be smeared with a solution of cement, and outside are covered with bitumen mastic as a waterproofing material. The top ring should have a special hole where the sewer pipe is inserted. As for the pipeline itself, it must be laid below the level where the soil freezes. The finished design should be covered with a slab of overlapping equipped with a hatch. This version of the baths for the bath with their own hands is considered the most popular.

Such a drive has the following advantages:

durable;
quickly erected, since all the details are ready;
high efficiency.

Among the shortcomings:

complexity of installation;
eachway, from time to time will have to pump off.

No less rare representative of the cesspool is a brick design. At the moment, such pits are successfully operated in many areas and differ both strong and weak parties.

Among the advantages of a cesspool of bricks are distinguished:

Ease of device. In fact, the quality of the masonry of such a structure is not regulated in any way, so the arrangement can be done with their own hands, which will save a lot of funds;
Easy work. Here you need to understand that such pit are applied only to store household waste. Therefore, the design does not provide elements capable of breaking down and stop the functioning of the pit itself;
Ease of recycling. For pumping unbounds, a challenge of an associate car is made;
Safe for ecology option. Since the design has a bottom, and its walls are covered with waterproofing material, sewage will not penetrate into soil and wastewater. If there is a well or well on the site, then this factor plays a significant role.

Note and disadvantages:

If the pit is filled, it will come from it an unpleasant smell;
The brick is experiencing various chemical loads, as a result of which its quality can deteriorate;
Price of operation. Since the filtering elements are not provided in such a pit, it will be necessary to call an asserenitarian machine from time to time, which entails additional spending.

Features of a cesspool from barrel

As noted above, the pits are made from different materials, but not everyone complies with environmental safety standards. The cesspool from the barrel has a significant advantage that is that such a design is completely sealed. In addition, you can make a barrel with your own hands.

This system is equipped as follows. Stripping from the construction rules, the drain pipe must be laid even before the foundation is built. As for the rest of the recommendations:

The pipe must be laid at the bottom of the base of the structure;
In relation to the pit, a slope must be maintained;
The owner must decide whether there should be a pipe or not. In case insulation is not provided, it is important that its slope allows liquid to move freely;
The tank for draining should be positioned not closer than 5 meters from the house and 2 meters from the fence;
The pit must have a depth not exceeding 3 meters. It is determined by the fact that the assessing machines the hose for pumping is made three meters;
Before lowering the barrel in the pit, you should make sure that its hatch is conveniently located in relation to the assessing machine;
The design should not have many bends and joints, otherwise the likelihood is that the pipe will quickly be clogged;
In the case of a fully closed hatch in a barrel, it is recommended to leave the ventilation channel (made in the form of a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm). The pipe is needed for safe operation of the structure - explosive methane is accumulated in the closed space;
It is important to choose a rather large barrel in size. In the event that an easy barrel is installed, then under the action of the soil, it will simply be pushed out of the soil, especially if the latter is a bumping. The gripness of the soil does not play the roles if the bottom of the pit is placed.

Also, a considerable role is played by the material from which the barrel is made. It may be plastic or metal. The most optimal option is the plastic design. Such a tank is good in that the factory execution already provides for the hatch and the vent hole. But despite this, the strongest quality of the plastic barrel is its operational characteristics. So, the plastic is not terrible corrosion and rotting. As a result, the installed capacity is capable of listening about 50 years, in some cases and more.

The remaining benefits are the following:

Because of the small mass of plastic containers, made of it, are easily installed. Installation of the product can be engaged in one person;
According to the strength of the plastic loses the metal, however, the strength characteristics are enough to withstand the load load;
Plastic barrels do not have welds, so they will not flow during operation, which has a positive effect on environmental safety;
With the help of plastic tanks, you can create a overflow system in which uncleanness will be processed and cleaned.

It happens that a septic or cesspool is not used for a long time. In order to clean it use the usual drainage pump with a recycled bacterium with liquid.

It is important to understand! The construction structure is not a trash container. Therefore, if inorganic materials and other waste fall into it, they simply will not rot and simply pollute the design by making it less productive. If there is a desire to keep on the site a high-quality and efficient waste hole, it must be used only for its intended purpose.

Sewerage is one of the most important benefits of civilization. Without sewage is washing, shower, bathroom and hiking toilet are accompanied by difficulties and inconveniences. But it is not always possible to connect to the centralized sewer system - for remote villages, country sites and cottage villages it is not available. The exit from the problem is to arrange its own structures for collecting, purifying and disposing of wastewater. The simplest and cheap solution is to build a cesspool without the bottom with their own hands.

How the cesspool is arranged without the bottom

There are two types of cesspools:

hermetic;
non-neurometh, without the bottom;

The first is the simplest construction of concrete, brick or plastic, fully waterproof. They collect liquid and solid waste entering the sewer tube. Regularly, on average 1-2 times a month, the assessing machine must pump them out of hermetic drain pit. The services of such specialists are expensive, because some owners think about how to partially utilize the sewering drains with the help of soil doctors.

And the simplest option is a leakage of cesspools. They are a shallow well assembled from bricks, old tires or concrete rings. They have no hermetic bottom - there is either directly soil, or a filtering pillow of sand, gravel or rubble. Also in the walls of the cesspool, many holes are created in order to drainage. Through them and the bottom of the liquid sewage drain partially go into the ground and pass the natural soil doctor. The rest remains in the well and 1-2 times a year is discouraged by an assessing machine.

Perhaps you will be interested in information about what looks like

Such a structure is suitable for solving a problem with the waste of vital activity in the country visited during spring and summer, or for a village house where 1-2 people live. For a large family without the bottom, the decision is not effective and safe from the point of view of ecology - in this case, it is preferable to build out of several concrete wells.

Benefits and disadvantages of cesspool without bottom

Briefly consider than good and bad design of a non-grid cesspool. Its advantages include the following.

Extremely low facilities price compared to the cost of a full-fledged septica - both factory production and self-made, built from rings or monolithic concrete.
Easy to create - boiler and trenching under the pipe, the walls of the cesspool and the lid are installed, the connection is connected. Without special problems, all these events can be performed independently.
The speed of construction is a cesspool without the bottom of the concrete rings quite really equip in a couple of days.
Smaller costs compared to a hermetic cesspool - it is not possible to call an asserenitator car every month, but only 1-2 times over a whole year.

By virtue of its simplicity and maximum cheapness, such a sewage construction has serious disadvantages.

Problems with ecology - if such a place is placed near the source of drinking water, then with time the latter can come into disrepair - seeding through the soil sewer sets to poison its intestinal stick and other microorganisms. You can drink from such a well, but unsafe.
The probability of conflict with neighbors - those who live near you are unlikely to like the existence of a potential source of pollution. But, as practice shows, this is a problem only for comfortable cottage settlements and garden partnerships - in other places, most likely, the neighbors have the same or even simpler facilities for the collection of sewers.
Problems with SES. If the sanitary and epidemiological service comes to your site, it can consider the presence of cesspools with you to leak up the effluent in the soil, with the corresponding consequences.
The short-life of work - it should be understood that such a discharge is unable to function for a long time - with the time of the soil around it and stops the water in the same amount. As a result, the construction will be filled with drains faster, therefore will have to tolerate it to a new place or replace a full septic. Or more often contact the services of the asserenimizers.

Choosing a place to locate a cesspool

Above several times was mentioned that the cesspool without the bottom is not the best solution from the point of view of ecology and compliance with sanitary standards. But the competent choice of space for its construction will minimize possible risks and avoid poisoning of water bodies and wells.

It is worth saying that current sanitary and building standards do not give a clear answer to the question of admissibility or, on the contrary, the inadmissibility of the construction of the cesspool without the bottom. Below are some excerpts from various documents.

So, a lesserless cesspool, if possible, should be created on soils with good water permeability and in places where the level of groundwater is below the bottom at least 1 meter.

The list below is the minimum distances between the similar structure and various objects:

from the cesspool to the drinking well - at least 50 m;
to the reservoir - not less than 30 m;
to trees and gardens - at least 5 m;
to the road or the boundaries of the site - from 2 to 4 m;
to residential buildings - 5 m.

Tip! Before starting construction, see how facilities are arranged for collecting sewage effluents near the nearest neighbors. Also, if it happens at the cottage, discuss this issue with the chairman of the partnership. This will avoid unnecessary conflicts and reduce the likelihood of visiting from the sanitary service to your site.

Building a cesspool without a bottom of concrete rings

The most popular material for independent arrangement of cesspools without the bottom, drainage wells and septics are concrete rings. They have sufficient strength for such construction, their installation does not take much time, and the low price makes these products available for any household. The process of making a cesspool without a bottom of concrete rings with their own hands is shown below as a step-by-step instruction.

Important! Before proceeding with earthworks, determine how many concrete rings, and what size you need. For convenience, the main characteristics of the most popular products are reduced to the table.

Table. Sizes, weight and volume of concrete rings made in accordance with GOST 8020-90.

Name	Inner diameter, m	Outer diameter, m	Height, M.	Mass, kg.	Internal volume, m3
KS10.3.	1	1,16	0,29	≈200	≈0,3
KS10.6.	1	1,16	0,59	≈400	≈0,62
KS10.9.	1	1,16	0,89	≈600	≈0,94
KS15.6.	1	1,68	0,59	≈660	≈1,3
KS15.9.	1,5	1,68	0,89	≈1000	≈1,97
KS20.6.	2	2,2	0,59	≈970	≈2,24
KS20.9.	2	2,2	0,89	≈1480	≈3,38

Step 1. Build a cesspool without the bottom, start with the definition of a place where it will be located. More about this is told in the previous section of the article.

Step 2. At the selected place, make markup and identify the boundaries of the future pit. Its diameter is made by 20-30 cm more than the outer diameter of the concrete ring.

Step 3. Start directly retrieving the soil. If the cesspool is assumed to be shallow, and the time is enough, then the earthworks can be done manually. It is advisable to do this in a pair - one digging, and the other raises the extracted soil upstairs. The work is greatly facilitated when using a bucket with a strong rope and a garden bar (or motor-block).

Important! If you have a manually, the soil is shown manually that the soil is inclined to crumble, then the work should be discontinued for their own safety reasons. Otherwise, there is a risk suddenly to be covered with the earth. In such situations, the excavator will have to be attracted.

Step 4. Conduct the depths of the depth of the pit with a roulette. For cesspools without the bottom, this depth does not exceed 3 m. Also remember that there should be a distance of at least 1 m between the sewer and soil waters (preferably more).

Step 5. The delivery of concrete rings is usually carried out by the manufacturer, while they are brought on a truck with a crane-manipulator. Check for all ordered products and their quality.

Step 6. Using a crane manipulator, immerse the first concrete ring in the pita.

Ring goes down in the pit

Important! For better fixation of the rings with each other, apply cement mortar on their ends before laying a new product.

Step 7. In the same way, put the second and subsequent ring on the first ring. At the same time, align them relative to each other.

Step 8. Complete the installation of concrete products by mounting the upper round plate, in which the hole under the hatch is cut.

Step 9. In the conditions of Suglinkov, a large area of \u200b\u200bcontact will be required for efficient drainage. If you live in the area where the soil absorbs water well, drill in the lower part of the cesspool a series of medium-sized drainage holes. Their total area should reach 10% of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe inner surface of the structure.

Important! Often on the bottom of such a cesspool pillow the pillow of a rubble thick from 30 to 50 cm. Its use allows you to at least clear the sewer drainage drains that go into the ground. At the same time, the filler of such a pillow requires a regular replacement or washing, which is not the most pleasant and simple work. Each homeowner must decide for him that it is more important for him - the possibility of not polluting too much earth and groundwater or the lack of need to descend into a cesspool and replace the filtration pillow from rubble. Instead of the latter, you can use conventional sand.

Step 11. Put the space between the walls of the pit and concrete rings of the earth or sand.

Step 10. Complete the arrangement of the cesspool without the bottom of the concrete rings by connecting the sewer pipe and the hatch installation.

Prices for concrete rings

concrete rings

Video - cesspool

Building a cesspool without a brick bottom

Another, no less popular variant of the cesspool is a structure made of bricks. It should be understood that it will require more time and strength than the design of concrete rings. But if you have a lot of unused bricks on your site after the construction of the house, the fence or shed, then it makes sense to put them in business and make a cesspool without the bottom with my own hands, without attracting third-party people and construction equipment. In this case, a step-by-step instruction with photos shown below will help you.

Step 1. Construction of a cesspool of a brick, like any other sewer facility, start with earthworks - select a place and start a cup of appropriate size.

Important! The presence of the simplest lifting device will significantly facilitate the extraction process from the soil pit.

Step 2. Check the depth and diameter of the pit with a roulette.

Step 3. Get rid of the Earth extracted during the construction of a pit. At the same time, leave it part for the subsequent backfill of the cover of the structure.

Step 4. At the bottom of the kittle, build a flat ring of bricks, as in the image below. It will play the role of a kind of base under the walls of the cesspool.

Step 5. Let's start styling the bottom of the walls of the brick wall. If you have not previously dealt with a similar material, then the construction of this building will be a good practice for you, during which you get the basic skills on working with bricks.

Important! Silicate bricks absorb water well and are gradually destroyed. If you want the cesspool to serve longer - replace them with ceramic.

Step 6. Continue laying and rise higher and higher, to the edge of the pit. Space between its walls and bricks fall asleep with sand - it absorbs water well and partially filters it before entering the ground.

Step 7. Complete the styling of the walls of the cesspool of the brick, not reaching a little to the surface of the Earth.

Step 8. Insert the sewer pipe from the house into the cesspool.

Step 9. Strengthen the cesspool using a metal corner established as shown in the image below. Instead, it is allowed to use a wooden bar, but the latter will not last for too long - over time, the material in the aggressive medium will begin to collapse and rot.

Step 10. Fold from above the same flat ring of bricks, as well as at the bottom of the cesspool.

Step 11. Close the cesspool from above the concrete slab made in advance or flooded in place. Do not forget about the hole for the hatch through which the regular pumping of uncleans will be performed.

The cesspool without the bottom is the rapid and economical solution to the problem of draining sewage drain. But, if possible, replace it with a full-fledged septhetic time produced at the factory or.

If there is no centralized sewage system nearby, then the problem of the problem can be considered as the solution solutions.

In any private house or in the country where there is a toilet and a supply of cold and hot water supply, there is a problem for collecting and removing sewage drain.

The cesspool is the simplest version of the sewage at the cottage or in a private house, which can be realized independently, with your own hands.

Where she should be located in a private house

First of all, it is necessary to determine the place where the cesspool will be arranged.

When choosing a location, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of SNiP 30-27-90 and San Pin 42-128-4690-88:

directly in the territory adjacent to the private house or dacha;
a device is allowed at a distance not closer than 10 meters from the foundation of the private house and other structures on the household plot and to the facilities located in the neighboring sites;

Important! This requirement is explained by the fact that with a closer arrangement of a lesome cesspool, it is possible to destroy the foundations of closely arranged structures and buildings, as well as their flooding

the distance from the pit to the fence is also regulated and must be at least 1 meter;
the depth should not exceed three meters. With its choice, it is necessary to take into account the depth of groundwater;
it should be located at a certain distance (25 m) from drinking wells.

Photo: Location on the site

This distance depends on the type of soil on the household plot:

With sandy and sandy soil - the cesspool is forbidden to have a closer than 50 m from the well;
With loamy soil - no closer than 30 m;
With the predominance of clay soil - no closer than 20m.

Construction with your own hands of different types

Two main variants of the cesspool device are possible:

normal cesspool without bottom (drainage);
sealed cesspool.

Photo: without bottom

The variant of the sewage device in the country or in a country house is largely determined by the location of the site, the daily volume of wastewater and the financial capabilities of the site owner:

if the daily sewage volume does not exceed 1 cubic meter, the device is permissible for the simplest cesspool without the bottom. In the cesspool of this type of type, the estones partially go to the ground, where the anaerobic bacteria is cleaned. As an example, such a cesspool can be given the usual rustic toilet;
with a large daily volume of wastewater (over one cubic meter), a fitness pit is needed, which is necessary to periodically pump off.

Photo: Sealed drain pit

This requirement is due to the fact that in the absence of a bottom in the cesspool, the wastewater goes into the ground and its purification is made by microorganisms living in the thickness of the soil. But their refining opportunities are limited.

With large volumes of wastewater, microorganisms will not be able to cope with their cleaning. Then the wastewater will contaminate the adjacent soil and possibly entering the water-driving layers of the soil with subsequent contamination of drinking water.

If it is necessary to utilize a large sewage volume, you can also consider the septication device with filtering fields.

Normal

The simplest cesspool is performed very simple:

a pit is digging a depth of up to 2 m, 2m width and 2.3-3 m long;

Photo: Digger

the walls of the soil are strengthened or stacked;

Photo: Strengthening the walls of the pit

a layer of crushed stone is placed on the bottom;

Photo: crushed stone at the bottom of the pit

the protective overlap with the hatch is mounted on top.

Photo: overlap with hatch

Benefits of the pit without the bottom:

fast and easy installation;
low cost of construction and operation;
easy operation.

Disadvantages:

environmentally dangerous;
unsuitable for the sewage of large volumes of wastewater;
spreads unpleasant odor;
it is possible an unscheduled overflow as a result of falling into wax or rainwater;
the groundwater level should be below the level of the cesspool.

Hermetic

The hermetic cesspool (hermetic drive) is a hermetic container into which wastewater is discharged through the pipes. As the capacity of the wastewater is filling, it is necessary to pump off the assessing machine.

Photo: Service

Advantages of hermetic pit:

environmentally safe, wastewater does not fall into the environment;
does not depend on the level of groundwater;
the location does not depend on the type of soils on the site.

disadvantages

relatively high cost of facilities;
monthly operating costs (it is necessary to regularly call an associate machine, from 2 to 4 times a month);
the smell is possible if the drive is made in the form of a well.

Calculation of sizes

The required working volume of the cesspool, calculate the formula:

Vyma \u003d Lizard × Number of Number × 0,001,

where
Vyama - the desired volume of cesspool, in cubic meters

Numeride - planned periodicity of the call of the assesenizor machine for the release of the drive of the pit

Number of persons - the estimated number of people using sewage

Vichuel - the norm of water per person per day, liters. 100-200 liters are accepted per person.

Example of calculation:

A family with five people live in a residential building and it is planned to order an assessing machine once every two weeks (14 days). Accept Vichuel\u003d 150 liters per person per day.

Required volume of drain pit:

Vyama\u003d 14 × 5 × 150 × 0.001 \u003d 10.5 m3

Or 10500 liters.

What can be done from

Consider various types and options for the design of cesspools that can be built with your own hands. They can be divided into temporary and constant.

From the tires

If you need a cesspool for a toilet in the country at the lowest cost, you can independently build it using old auto strokes.

Photo: Tire drain pit

This is a cheap and fast version of the drain pit facilities. Its design is very simple. It is prepared by the pit, in which the tires alone are stacked. A layer of rubble is placed on the bottom of the row, if the tire is desired, the clay lock is additionally sealed.

Advantages:

low cost, simplicity and speed of facilities;
durability;
easily restored if necessary.

Disadvantages:

rapid casing with untimely purification, resulting in a useful volume;
the possibility of negative impact on the environment with a large load on the pit;
tires over time are susceptible to rotting.

Video report

From concrete rings

Consider the possibility of building a cesspool from concrete rings.

Photo: Celdiction of concrete rings

This is another option of the rapid building of the cesspool. By your device, she resembles a well. Concrete rings fit on each other. The junctions between the rings, if desired, are sealed with a concrete screed.

According to the principle of operation, the drain pit from concrete rings relates rather to hermetic cesspools. Therefore, it is necessary to empty it regularly. Although it is possible to build a septica of concrete rings.

Benefits include:

durability;
convenience of the protective cover with hatch;
relatively low cost;
the possibility of self-construction.

To disadvantages:

high laboriousness of work;
the need for regular emptying;
the possibility of the appearance of unpleasant odor from the ventilation pipe.

Video: Construction

From brick

A drainage pit of a brick is an optimal and successful solution if you need a toilet pit or a firm bath for a bathroom in a private house.

Photo: Brick cesspool

Consider advantages and disadvantages.

Pros:

environmental safety - the contents of the cesspool are regularly exported by an assessing machine or cleaned in place;
simplicity in construction - almost any dacket will cope with brickwork for a cesspool.

Disadvantages:

periodically, the appearance of unpleasant odor is possible. Cope with this problem will help the use of special preparations, accelerating the processes of biological waste decomposition and regular cleaning of the drive;
relatively short service life (10-15 years), due to the degradation of bricks in adverse conditions of the cesspool;
cheating. You can prevent dragging by timely pumping gathering in the liquid storage.

Construction with their own hands

First of all, it is necessary to determine the location of the cesspool, taking into account the convenience of operation and compliance with all requirements.

Photo: Location of cesspool

We are determined with the design. Depending on the destination, a cesspool of a brick pit may have a round, square or rectangular masonry.

Photo: shapes of cesspools of bricks

We calculate the required volume, we determine the size and prepare the pit for it.

Photo: Drive under a cesspool

With the rectangular form of the pits, we make the bottom of the bottom towards the future arrangement of the hatch. At the bottom of the pit, lay a sand pillow, a thickness of 10-15 cm and poured it with concrete solution. You can use the finished concrete slab suitable sizes. From above the screed of cement mortar is styal.

Photo: falling asleep bottom chub

Photo: Put the walls of bricks

After the walls are ready, it is necessary to cover them with bitumen mastic or to build a clay castle from the outer part for reliable sealing.

Photo: Sealing concrete

If necessary, the inner surface of the design is plastered. For plaster, we use a solution from a mixture of sand and cement in a ratio of 2 to 1.

Installation of overlapping and hatch

After the base of the cesspool is ready, by mounting its overlap with the hatch. The overlap must no less than 0.5 meters block the pit from all sides.

Photo: Mount the overlap

As the overlap we use reinforced concrete plates or tightly fit the logs. When the overlap device, it is necessary to immediately provide a place for the hatch. Luke must be a diameter of 0.7 m.

On top of the overlap, we laid waterproofing from the frontieroid or polyethylene film. Waterproofing with a layer of soil or slag with a thickness of 40 cm.

Photo: Waterproofing film

Important! To protect the smell propagation from the cesspool and its freezing, the hatch in the pit is performed double. The upper cover is arranged at the ground level, and the second at the level of overlapping. The free space between the covers is filled with thermal insulating materials (foam, ceramzite, slag, etc.).

Drain pit from barrel

Drain pit from the barrel is a good option of the sewage device with your own hands with natural wastewater treatment with small volumes of drain (up to one cubic meter).

Preparation of a barrel for the drain pit:

we take a two-toll barrel, it is desirable from an impatient corrosion of the material, we have been done in its side wall in checker, drainage holes with a grinder or a drill. Holes are recommended to do with 10-20 cm increments;

Photo: Make drainage holes

we prepare and tightly attach to the bottom of the barrels the nozzle to attach the drain pipe. Silicone sealants can be used to ensure sealing. Cover the place of attachment of the nozzle with bitumen mastic;

Photo: At the bottom of the barrels pinning the nozzle

wrap a barrel from all sides by geotextile and reliably fasten it, not rotting the twine. This is necessary to ensure reliable protection of the barrel from entering its clothing and other extraneous particles to its capacity when maintaining drainage efficiency.

Photo: Wrap a geotextile barrel

Preparation of catlery and installation of the sewage system

rOOM trench and lay the sewer pipe, be sure to bond;
we cook with a diameter and a depth of a few more depth of the barrel;

Photo: Cooking

on the bottom of the cutting layer of 30 cm rubbed or gravel;
on the resulting pillow, we install barrel and attach the drain pipe;

Photo: put a barrel on a crumbnt pillow

free space between the walls of the pit and barrel fill in rubbed or gravel;
connect the sewer pipe to the inlet nozzle of the barrel.

That's all, a drain pit for your bath or house with your own hands is ready. Similarly, you can independently make a cesspool from a barrel for the toilet.

Concrete

As one of the options for the device of the home sewage system, you can consider the construction of a cesspool of concrete.

The procedure for building a cesspool from concrete with natural filtration:

determine the required amount of cesspool and its size;
digging the necessary dimensions;

Photo: ROOM Making a formwork and poured with a solution

around the perimeter of the mounting formwork and fill with concrete solution;
the resulting walls outside the bitumen for waterproofing;
the bottom of the pit is falling asleep with a layer of rubble, gravel, broken brick;
on the walls of the resulting box, we laid waterproofing from rubberoid or polyethylene, as well as slab overlap with a hatch for pumping and a hole for entering the sewer pipe. The slab overlap can also make it with their own hands from concrete;

Photo: We make waterproofing from the film put the slab overlap

we put and connect sewage pipes.

On this technology, you can independently build a cesspool toilet.

Options to build a cesspool with my own hands a lot. Choosing a specific solution, proceed from specific conditions and financial capabilities.

It is also worth considering the possibility of a septica device or purchase of a ready-made kit for a cesspool.

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