Parquet stacked after all "dirty" and "wet" processes are finished. Before laying parquet It is necessary to check the moisture content (humidity measured by a moisture meter should not exceed 5%). This is especially true for a cement screed, which requires a sufficiently long term for drying. The prepaidness of the cement screed 4 - 5 cm thick for laying parquet is 8 weeks (4 weeks - the stress phase of the mixture and 4 weeks - the phase of drying); With a greater thickness of the screed, the drying phase increases significantly.
Particular attention should be paid to the preparation of the base for a parquet coating (according to SNiP 3.04.01-87; SNiP 2.03.13-88, as well as in the National Bank of the WGN 9-94.). The base should be durable, smooth, dry, clean. Permissible deviation from the plane - 2 mm at a length of 2 m.
The base under parquet can be made of cement screed, modern modified mixtures. Laying parquet floor can also be carried out on a solid wooden base made of t-shut-off boards (impregnated with antiseptic and fixed on lags).
The most common circuit of laying parquet on the waterproof, previously cut to the squares to the squares (40 × 40 cm or 50 × 50 cm) with a thickness of 10 - 18 mm, which in turn is attached to a concrete or wooden base. In this case, the parquet is connected to plywood glue and nails, and plywood is attached to the concrete base with dowels or screws.
The use of moisture resistant plywood allows:
- protect parquet from possible shrinkage deformations of overlapping and screed;
- protect parquet from premature breakdown from a screed (due to a sufficiently rapid destruction of the surface layer of the screed under the influence of variable loads due to permanent microdiformations of wood);
- guaranteed to provide the necessary strength of the foundation;
- get the most accurate reason compared with the screeds and sweatmeal mixtures;
- provide a longer service life of parquet slats, which in this case are directly in contact with the tree, and not with mineral materials (for example, with a cement-sand tie);
- increase the heat insulation of the floor
The option of laying parquet with the use of a screed is necessary if, when measuring the base of the floor, its irregularity is 2 cm and more. In case the unevenness of the base of the floor is less than 2 cm, then the use of self-leveling mixtures is possible.
Before laying a screed, a concrete overlap is hydroizing in order to avoid leakage of the solution to the lower floor. To do this, use a conventional thick polyethylene or special foil and reinforced polypropylene film. At the edges, the film with some reserve is removed on the bottom of the wall for laying under the plinth.
For drying cement screed, a long time is needed, with a screed thickness 3 - 5 cm - 4 - 6 weeks (in the first half of the term, the solution is hardening, then dries). With the thickness of the screed more than 5 cm, drying term increases 1.5 - 2 times.
The next stage is plywood flooring. A large sheet of plywood 10 - 18 mm thick is pre-cut into squares (from 40x40 cm to 75x75 cm). This is necessary in order to remove the internal voltage. With the thickness of the parquet, 15 mm, the plywood thickness should be at least 12 mm, with a thickness of the parquet 22 mm, the plywood thickness should be at least 18 mm. For a good adhesion with glue, the finished tie is first ground, and then apply special glue. After that, on the treated screed, the plywood is fired with the displacement of the joints in such a way that four corners do not converge at one point ("brickwork") and leave between the sheets of the gaps of 3-4 mm and about 10 mm leave the gap between the edges of the sheets and the wall, which At the final stage of laying, be sure to be filled with sealant. Plywood sheets are attached either with the help of screws (sampes) through pre-drilled holes either per dowel. The heads of screws (self-tapping) are accumulated by 3 - 5 mm. After laying plywood, a technological break is required 2 - 3 days.
Before the next stage - the flooring of the parquet, Phaneur must be pulled to eliminate drops. Parquet before it is laying must lie on the object 3 - 5 days so that it takes the humidity and temperature parameters of the room. After that, they begin directly to the flooring of the parquet, for which on the Faneru, a special spatula, on which the quality of the fastening and consumption of the material is detected, parquet glue is applied. Then, in order to squeeze the excess glue and provide a long and uniform fitting of the parquet in the polymerization process, a special mechanical or pneumatic tool make a parquet to the edge along the edge. Depending on the type of laying and a number of other reasons, the shooting can be carried out from several studs (nails) into each bar before the shooting through several slats.
To the next stage - grinding parquet and processing the entire surface with putty, proceed after the technological break. This break is explained by the fact that in the process of gluing parquet to the plywood, it gets an excess of moisture, the parquet is warked. Depending on the humidity of the room and the temperature, the technological break is 5 - 7 days. Parquet grinding after its laying, first of all, is necessary for the 2nd reasons: the inevitable pollution of the parquet and a small deformation of some planks during the technological interruption. Parquet grinding is carried out by several types of equipment:
- small defects (drops) and contamination are removed by the drum type;
- the plane grinding machine is carried out by refining parquet to an absolutely even and perfect state;
- under the batteries and near the walls, parquet is polished by special equipment for hard-to-reach places.
Due to the formation of microcracks in inter-registered compounds after a technological break, it is necessary to put the entire surface without exception. In order for the color of the putty match the color of the parquet, the putty is prepared by mixing with small parquet dust, obtained after grinding parquet and a special fluid.
After grinding, the parquet is proceeding to the most responsible and one of the most important stages - parquet varnishes. When applying a varnish coating in the room there should be no drafts, air conditioners and humidifiers should not work. The first to the parquet is applied primer layer, which impresses the pores of the tree with a special composition, preserves natural color of wood, reduces the flow rate of the varnish during subsequent application of the finish layers. Before the last finish layer, the intermediate grinding of varnish with a special typewriter is necessary. This is necessary in order to remove the pile of wood that rises after contact with varnish. Producers of varnishes are recommended to apply after the lacquer lacquer layer, 2-3 layers of the finish varnish, depending on the operation of the room.
Varnish protects the floor from the effects of moisture and mechanical loads for abrasion, which is why this type of parquet finish is the most common. Depending on the various requirements and recommendations of manufacturers of varnishes, 3 - 5-layer coating with a varnish grinding between layers and polishing are used. It is very important to withstand the drying time of each layer recommended by the manufacturer. There is quite a large variety of varnishes depending on their composition and bases: polyurethane, acrylic, water-based varnishes, single and multicomponent, varnishes with hardeners.
Lucky can be used with different reflective properties of the surface: glossy, semiam and matte. The greatest variety of properties is the half-stone varnish (sometimes called "Satin", "silk", etc.). Its surface can be perfectly smooth or have some irregularities resembling fabric texture. The choice of this or that species of varnish depends mainly on the taste of the customer. True, there are several practical recommendations.
Glossy varnish - the front, bright, light-reflective light increases the illumination of the room, and therefore it is recommended for children's rooms and premises where they read a lot and are engaged in where a large eye load. On the glossy varnish is visible the slightest dust and is always visible when it is necessary to make a wet cleaning in the children's room. However, on the gloss floor, especially in glare, the slightest defects and surface damage are better visible.
In the bedroom, it is more often preferred by a matte or semi-wave varnishes, which are more than glossy, correspond to the feeling of comfort and intimacy. The glossy varnish exhibits the texture of the tree better and allows in the compositions of the art parquet to create the apparent optical effect of the depth of the surface. At the same time, the semi-wave and matte varnishes are groining the impression of contrasting combinations in the wood texture and balance the impression of an unnecessary sophisticated drawing. Fashion also sometimes makes something in demand by one or another varnish.
There are other types of surface finish of parquet. You can apply a special wax impregnation - it will give the floor a pleasant matte tint and protect it from moisture and dust; Subsequently, a new wax layer will be applied to the lost part of the floor (the lacquer in this case would have to take off from the entire surface and re-apply).
Another way is to process the surface of parquet with special oil. Impregnation of parquet oils with oil (special composition of a mixture of natural oils and natural resins or beeswax) is a new direction while little familiar to the Russian consumer. It has a number of advantages compared to lacquer coatings. Due to the fact that the oil penetrates the oil much easier, the wood texture is stronger, the beauty of natural wood is emphasized. The wear resistance of parquet floors also increases, they become more resistant to pollution. Oil treated coatings are suitable for use in rooms with a very high operational load. The disadvantage of this coating is only the fact that it requires more frequent care than the lacquer coating - it is necessary periodically (terms depend on the intensity of the loads) to produce floor processing by oil compositions.
The most recent stage is a parquet plotting device, which, if necessary, masks the irregularities of the floor and walls near their joint, hides under it an extra cable or wires. Most often, the width of the plinth is selected depending on the height of door openings and the room itself. Fasten the plinth depending on its type in different ways: screws, special elements, nails, glue.
This option compared with the option of laying parquet on the screed excludes wet and dirty processes, and most importantly, this option saves a precious time that is spent on the drying of the screed. Also, this option allows you to lay any types of communications under the floor and makes it possible to improve sound and thermal insulation by filling out the space between the lags with soundproofing materials go with insulation.
Lagas are called wooden dry planed rectangular bars (50 -55 mm x 70-100 mm), whose humidity should not exceed 12%. As a rule, bars are impregnated with an antiseptic.
When the device is lag on a concrete base, they are placed in such a way that they are perpendicular to the direction of the future coating, with an axial distance between adjacent lags 25 -30 cm. Fasten logs with screws (sampes) and dowels at least after 50 cm, heads Screws (self-tapping) are combined by 3-4 mm below the level. After the lags are installed, they are aligned in terms of level (lags are shifted and special wedges are attached to them).
In addition to the main traditional method of the Lag device, there is a way of device adjustable lag. Adjustable lags are dry planed rectangular bars, which have through threaded holes. In these holes, plastic rack bolts are screwed, rigidly fastened to the base, which are subsequently and adjustable by a special key, lifting and lowering lags, thereby leveling the floor.
After installing the lag, 1 layer of plywood, which is attached to lagham with screws (self-pressing), and then 2 layer of plywood are attached to glue and also on screws (self-tapping screws). The heads of screws (self-tapping) are accumulated by 3 - 5 mm. The total plywood thickness should not be less than 20 mm. After the flooring of plywood, it must be pulled out to eliminate the differences and then, observing the technology already familiar to us, lay the parquet.
This option is perhaps the most simple and economical. It does not require time for drying a screed, as well as not required to install the lag. "Parquet Pie", consisting of parquet glue on the draft floor, plywood, parquet glue on the fane, parquet, putty and lacquer coating directly on the old wooden base. But at the same time, with the obvious simplicity, this option is the most responsible.
Before laying parquet on the draft floor, you need to carefully check its quality.
In case of compliance with all the above requirements, the old floor can serve as the basis for laying parquet.
On the old floor-treated, the water-resistant Phaneur is fastened, which is fixed with screws (self-draws) at least 5 pcs. On the temporon meter and 9 pcs. on a sheet. The heads of screws (self-samples), as in all previous cases, are combined by 3 - 5 mm. After the plywood flooring, the remaining part of the "Parquet Cake" is placed.
Laying art parquet
Artistic parquet is a variety of piece parquet. When laying an art parquet, strips are used not only straight, but also curvilinear forms from various wood breeds, thanks to which it is possible to create the most complex drawings. The main focus when laying should be paid to the exact fit and fixation of each plank and insert. Details of valuable wood wood should have a full thickness or at least the thickness of the working layer, supplemented by a less valuable tree to full thickness.
Parquet care
In order for the parquet to retain his kind as possible, you must first of all avoid moisture from entering the floor, otherwise the tree will start to swell, the consequences of this process should not be explained. The optimal leave is a vacuum cleaner. The polluted places need to be wiped with a damp cloth and then immediately dry. In addition, avoid falling on the floor of grazing and dirt that can scratch the coating, and the parquet will stop looking glossy and neat. On the legs of the furniture, it is necessary to stick pieces of dense porous fabric.
The history of the parquet begins in the 13th century. At that time, they decorated the floors in the houses and the palaces of the cans of the Gothic Europe. In Russia, parquet floors are known from the 16th century, when, along with traditional boards, the oak dies began to use, laying out the original patterns on the floor.
Today, batch floors are also considered the best option for designing the interior of the room. The natural coating is made of wood of various breeds, for example: domestic beech, oak, ash, larch or exotic Ipe, Paduk, Platan, Mahagon, etc. In total, more than 300 wood breeds are used to produce parquet based on the parameters of hardness, density and stability (resistance to deformation).
Main types of natural parquet
- Piece;
- Massive parquet board;
- Shield;
- Mosaic (typical).
The most common types of parquet refers piece. It represents separate planks or in the professional language "Klepp", made of solid wood array. Geometrically plate have a rectangular shape, a length of 15-50 cm, 3-6 cm wide (in some cases up to 7.5 cm.), Thickness 1.3-2.2 cm. On the edges of each plank there are ridges and grooves. With their help, the "riveting" are connected to each other. Depending on the part of finding the ridge distinguish the left and right planks.
Putting wooden planks in a certain order, you can get a different pattern on the floor of the floor of the room. The most common belongs: deck, Christmas tree, braid, rhombus, chess layout. 
It should be immediately noted that laying of a piece parquet is not quite simple work. In order for the floor to be beautiful, durable, and the gap between wooden "rivets" did not increase over time, it is necessary to accurately comply with the installation technology. The laying of the coating is carried out on glue with the additional fixation of each strap with nails. For the convenience of working and improving performance, it is recommended to purchase a novelty pistol. 
It will also be necessary:
- The perforator with the nozzle (mixer) - for stirring the mortar mixture.
- Level (2 meters).
- Spatula for applying glue (with small teeth).
- Grinder machine.
Unlike many other types of flooring, piece parquet requires careful preparation of the base.
At the final stage of the plywood, rubbish is removed from the surface, the entire floor area is covered with primer.
Laying dies
Installation of sheets is carried out on glue with fixing nails. The adhesive composition is selected in accordance with the wood of wood. The pre-surface of the floor is drawn according to the selected figure (pattern), if necessary, "riveting" are moved and separated on the right / left. Stage Stages:
For the convenience of starting the installation, the first pair of rows from the rolls are collected, glued along the tongue and put on the end. Under them is missing by glue floor, after which the collected "shield is lowered. Next is the laying in the usual order.
Unlike a piece analogue, a packer is a multi-layered design. It is a shield with parties 40, 50, 60 or 80 cm. Consisting of:
- Basis. This can be a fiberboard plate glued together with pine bars in two layers or frameworks from the rails.
- Facial part. Venne wood veneer pasted on base. Depending on the model, one or more tree species can be used. On the front part by combining different types of wood, a specific pattern is created, simple (ordinary geometric shapes) or complex (curly elements).
The thickness of the shield parquet varies from 22 to 40 mm. On the edges of the shield there are grooves and ridges intended for connecting individual elements. Also for mounting can be used a special sheet or rack. They are inserted between the shields, bonding them between themselves. But the option groove-crest is preferable. 
Methods of laying
There are two main options for laying this type of parquet.
- On lags.
By placing the parquet in the second way, it is required to correctly arrange lags. They are mounted in parallel with 40 cm increments. It is required to ensure that the edges of the shields accounted for exactly on the middle of the lags. 
Installation begins with an angular shield. It is attached to lags with nails and then stretch two parallel cords along the walls around the shield. They will serve as guide guidelines for laying subsequent elements.
Considering that the dimensions of the shield parquet is more than piece, the installation process of flooring can be performed quite quickly, even without having professional experience of such work. 
This type of flooring is shields or square shape mats scored from parquet slats. So that these planks do not disintegrate (not disconnected) in the process of transportation and installation, they are glued with the front side on paper that is removed after laying. 
The size of the rugs can be different, usually with the sides: 40, 48, 520, 60, 65 cm. The planks for a set of shields are made of valuable deciduous or coniferous wood.
We also produce a mosaic parquet, where the planks are pasted on a solid base, more often rubber. Such a coating has good sound insulation properties.
Laying parquet
Installation of flooring largely resembles a ceramic tile laying.
- Prepare dry, solid, even base (better plywood, by analogy with a piece and shield parquet).
- Screw to the floor support bar at a distance of double width of the shield (plus 1 cm.) From the wall. It will be a guideline for the second row of parquet.
- Glue on the Phaneur with a toothed spatula and put the second row of mosaic parquet flaps.
- When the glue gets dry, put the first row (closer to the wall), if necessary, shields are cut. Such technology will allow putting parquet rows perfectly smoothly.
Next, all subsequent ranks are stacked. Mosaic shields can be used as an independent flooring or in combination with a piece parquet, creating artistic patterns, ornaments. 
One of the most sought-after types of flooring is a parquet board. It is a finishing material consisting of three layers:
- First or upper - wood valuable breeds. Depending on the manufacturer, the thickness of the facial layer can be up to 6 mm (standard - 4 mm).
- Medium - coniferous wood rails located perpendicular to the fibers. In this layer, the compounding of the groove boards is cut.
- The base is a homogeneous layer more often from ate or pine.
All three layers are firmly interconnected and represent one whole. Such a structure makes a parquet board with stacking to loads, cracking, durable. 
It should be noted that the board is processed at the factory (it is covered with varnish, impregnated with oil) and is a ready-made decorating material. After installing the flooring, it is not necessary to cycle, apply protective layers.
Parquet Board Sizes: Length 180-250 cm, width 14-20 cm.
Laying the parquet board is carried out in three ways:
It must be remembered that the end seams should not coincide, the laying is performed by a rotary. 
When using adhesive compositions for any type of parquet, the glue on the front surface should be immediately removed with a wet / damp cloth.
Wooden floor is always beautiful, originally and warm. The created unique atmosphere of comfort is incurred with other types of floors. To create an individual exquisite and noble floor covering, a parquet is used. From the piece parquet you can form a trendy unique pattern, which is why it is popular today, despite the fact that laying of a piece parquet is a complex and time consuming. Nevertheless, it is not necessary to call a specialist, having studied the technology and following all the rules and recommendations, all installation work can be performed independently. The task is simplified by the fact that all modern parquet strips are manufactured with a spike-groove system that helps firmly and without gaps to combine parquet elements.
Paul from piece parquet - choose wood
Not only the color gamut parquet depends on the type of wood, but also its durability, since different wood species have different hardness and resistance to moisture. For example, pine and other conifers are not used to produce parquet due to exceptional softness. On a pine floor parquet, even opened by several layers of varnish, traces of heels and other acute items will remain.
The most common breeds used for parquet are oak, nut, maple, cherry, ash, beech and others.
Classics of the genre. It is solid, resistant to moisture, has a beautiful pattern, whose color gamma can have various shades of brown. The only conditional disadvantage of oak is that it darkens with time. For the rest of its operational characteristics at height. When buying an oak parquet, pay attention to the duration of its drying, the accelerated drying option is not suitable.
It has the same hardness as oak, but it has a smooth warm and soft yellowish or reddish tint, for which it is appreciated. Beech is a capricious breed. Under the influence of temperature differences and humidity, it is strifted and deformed, so it requires careful care and observance of optimal operating conditions.
Maple parquet At first it seems white, but over time, slightly yellow. By hardness, it is practically not inferior to the oak, and in some breeds, this indicator is even more. Attention should be paid at the time of drying, the rapidly dried maple wood with time is deformed.
Cherry parquet - brown with a distant shade of pink, but over time, slightly darkens. It has a smaller hardness than oak, however, quite popular, as it is easy to process and trim.
Exotic option. It is valued for the beautiful patterns in the cutting of the trunk and for the extensive color gamut - all shades of brown. Merbau is not afraid of moisture, but it is saturated with resins, which is difficult to handle.
Choose wood for parquet based on operating conditions in a particular room. For example, the cherry can be used in a children's room, a maple in the office, and the oak can be used everywhere. It is not necessary to perform the entire parquet floor of one type of wood, you can compose from the breeds of different shades a unique pattern.
We buy a piece parquet - pay attention to the quality
Parquet planks are available in various dimensional solutions. The length of the bar can be 15 - 40 cm, width 3 - 9 cm, and a thickness of 1.5 - 2.2 cm.
Select the planks in size is necessary, taking into account the area of \u200b\u200bthe room: small planks will visually increase the room, and large - reduce. From the point of view of laying, the size of the planks also has an important meaning. If the planks of the parquet are large, the number of connections will be less, but then the requirements for the quality of the material drying will be much larger. The more plank, the less its elasticity.
The optimal width of the parquet slats is 5 cm. If you need to use larger slats, buy those that have cuts on the inside, they are more resistant to deformation.
What should pay attention to when buying a piece parquet:
- On the front surface there should be no bitch, chips and cracks.
- The top layer (from the top before the start of the castle) should be quite large. The greater the thickness of the wear layer, the more times the parquet can be grinding and updated.
- Products must be dried up to 8%. Duration of drying at least a month.
- It is necessary to check the quality drank spikes and a groove. To do this, sufficiently out of 4 planks fold the square. If the planks are mixed easily and the angles of 90 ° without cracks and gaps are formed between them, it means that the spike-groove system is performed qualitatively.
- Sort the strips in the direction of cutting, the presence of burst residues and bitch.
The strips of the so-called radial cut, ie, are considered the most durable and valuable. Framed along. A characteristic feature is straight lines on the surface and monotonous color. Radial variety of parquet is more expensive than other varieties.
All the work on the flooring of the parquet starts only after the ceiling and wall decoration, gas laying and checking them on tightness are completed. In the process of laying parquet, it is necessary to observe certain indicators of humidity and temperature. So the residual moisture of the walls should be no higher than 6%, the floor humidity is not higher than 5%, the relative humidity of air 35 is 60%. The optimal temperature is 18 - 23 ° C.
Failure to comply with these conditions will lead to the deformation of the coating. If you put parquet with high moisture indicators, it will swell and pulls out moisture. And when all the work is completed, over time it will dry up, starts to "piss" and the gaps will appear between the ds. Fix it is much more complicated and more expensive than to do everything from the very beginning.
The surface on which the piece parquet will be laid should be perfectly smooth, the maximum accuracy of 1 mm per 1 m2.
includes such stages of work:
- Repair of old concrete overlap, if required.
- Waterproofing concrete base.
- Pouring aligning screed 4 - 5 cm thick. Or laying lag for wooden floor.
- Printing adhesive.
- Printing moisture-resistant plywood to a screed or fastening of plywood to lags.
- Printing and feeding parquet to plywood.
- Grinding the surface of the parquet.
- Pattle of parquet.
- Grinding parquet under varnish.
- Opening parquet varnish from 3 to 9 layers.
All listed activities are required to fulfill, otherwise, with time, parquet is quiet, it will start to creak or disappear at all.
Preparatory work before laying parquet
Preparation of durable and even foundation, perhaps, one of the most important tasks in the installation of parquet. The durability of the coating as a whole will depend on the quality of the fastening surface. The cost of laying a piece parquet, if you order it in specialized construction organizations, it is usually not included in the preparation of the foundation.
Preparation of concrete base
If there is a flooring of the parquet on the concrete overlap, then the first thing it must be hydroizing. To do this, the surface of the ceiling slab must be made with a superdiffusion membrane or polyethylene film by 200 microns. The joints of the film of the film are performed with an overlap at 15 - 20 cm and are sampled by construction tape. On the walls, the waterproofing film will start at 10 - 15 cm and is temporarily fixed on it with a scotch.
Then it is necessary to pour the leveling screed, which besides the fastening base under Phaneur. The screed thickness must be 4 - 5 cm. The horizontal coating is necessarily controlled and the lack of defects - holes, elevation, height differences and other.
Important! Before the start of subsequent work, the screed must completely dry. It will take about a month or two. It is not worth a hurry and continue work on the flooring of the parquet, as the wood will pull the moisture from the screed, and this will lead to the inevitable deformations.
When the screed is dry, its surface is covered with special primers, which increase the adhesion of the base with glue and at the same time actuate waterproofing.
Then the moisture-resistant plywood with a thickness of 12 mm is taken, it is cut into squares 50x50 cm or 75x75 cm.
Functions of moisture resistant plywood under the piece:
- Protects parquet from shrinking deformations.
- Ideally lines the surface.
- Serves as thermal insulation and partially sound insulation.
- Provides strength.
- It serves as the basis for fastening plates of parquet. If you put parquet directly on the screed, then due to the destruction of the upper layer of the screed, the bar can disappear. Plywood keeps them firmly.
Important! The thickness of the plywood should be 5 mm less than the thickness of the parquet plank. But it is impractical to use sheets less than 12 mm, they do not fulfill their functions. In this case, you can install Phaneur in two layers, the rotor.
Next, the surface of the screed is lubricated with glue and the squares of plywood are placed on it, tightly pressed and fixed dowel-nails or screws. Between the squares of plywood, it is necessary to leave at least 1 - 1.5 mm gap to exclude parquet deformations if the plywood starts expanding.
Also, it is also important to leave the gap between the wall and plywood in 2 - 3 mm, it will be a deformation seam. In the gap, you can insert special wedges so that the gap does not displaced.
It is not necessary to fix the phaneer to the concrete base, you can do in the old way - the floor on the lags. To do this, do not even have to align a concrete base. It is enough to hydroize it, spreading the waterproofing film.
Then lads are stacked in increments of 35 - 40 cm. A 50x50 or 50x80 mm can be used as a lag. Lagges are fixed to the floor with the help of corners and dowels. In the process of laying the lag, it is necessary to ensure that their surface formed a flat plane. To do this, in places of drops of the heights of the concrete base, we can put wooden coasters or trim too much.
When lagows are equipped, plywood is nailed. Adhesive here is no longer used, only self-tapping screws. Fastening the squares of plywood to lags 10 - 15 cm. To whipped the faeer not only at the edges, but in the middle to all lags. The clearance between squares is also required.
Preparation of old wooden floor
Before laying parquet on the old wooden floor, it must be checked for health. Nowhere should there be squeaks, failures or other defects. If still something similar is observed, it is necessary to partially disassemble the sexual coating and repaired lags. After the repair is completed, the surface of the old wooden floor is grouped. Placement of parquet can be made directly on the wooden base of the floor, without plywood.
Laying piece parquet with their own hands
Works on the laying of the piece parquet are very responsible, it is impossible to hurry here, reducing the repair times. It is better to take a break of a day or two or week than to redo all the work. After all, one mistake - and all the coverage of the pump.
Methods for laying piece parquet
Parking laying technology implies several ways to lay it:
- Floating laying method.
- Laying on parquet glue.
- Laying with fixing nails or self-drawing.
- Laying on parquet glue and fixing with nails or self-drawing.
Floating method Styling involves fastening parquet slats only to each other using a spike-groove system. No other way they are not attached to the ground. So that such gears do not creak, soundproofing material, for example, a plug. Parquet planks enshrined in this way will be easily expanding and narrowed depending on the temperature and humidity conditions. The floating floor is maintained - it is enough to disassemble it and fold it again. But the strength of such a coating is very doubtful, a sufficiently single castle compound is to loosen so that the entire floor began to breed and deform.
Laying parquet for glue It is considered more durable, but also less maintainable. The base is abundantly lubricated with glue, then parquetins are stacked, connecting the spike-groove system. This method is considered to be more laborious and costly due to the flow of adhesive.
Laying on parquet glue with nails fixing or self-timers - The most durable and demanded way. Such a floor is practically not subject to deformations, as they are constrained from all sides. But at the same time, this parquet will not be repaired. All hope for a long service life.
How to put a piece parquet - stages of work
To make a drawing on the floor, it is desirable to draw it on paper. It is important to consider the exact dimensions of the room and planks of the parquet. If suddenly, in the drawing, it will be possible that some row will not be integer, then the drawing must be removed so that the edges of the room are cropped rows, and only smooth in the center.
The start of the flooring of the parquet also depends on the drawing. Consider the example of "Christmas trees".
- First, the room is placed, we find it middle. In the middle of the room from the wall to the wall stretch the cord by which we will navigate.
- We take two parquet strips and connect them with a Christmas tree, inserting a spike in the groove. On the thorn, grooves and ends of the planks are applied glue.
- Then we welt the base from plywood, ranging from the far wall. Use a toothed spatula for this.
- We apply a "looting Christmas tree" to the plywood so that the left edge of the planks pressed the cord to the base, and the right edge of the planks rested in the cord.
- Press the planks to the plywood so as to squeeze the excess glue.
- Then fix the bar with nails or screws, screwing them into the groovers at an angle of 45 ° and having a hat. On the bar 40 cm long there must be at least 2 nails fastening.
Important! In the process of laying, the Master should sit so that spikes of the slats are located to it.
- Next, lay the strap according to the sample. We score the base from plywood glue to the width of the plank, thickness 1 - 1.5 mm.
- We apply the bar, inserting it in the end and the longitudinal groove of the previous one, we finish the rubber hammer. Fix with self-drawing in the groove.
- First, put the ranks of the planks on the sample of the "light-old Christmas tree", on the left and right.
- Then we put a row of slats to the left of the "Lightweight Christmas tree", then right. And so on, we act, expanding the styling area until you get to the walls.
- Narrow places near the walls fill the cut-off spacecraft.
- Between the wall and the latter near the flooring of the parquet insert the wedges, performing the gap 2 - 3 mm.
All further work can be performed in a minimum of a week so that the glue manage to dry well. Although some experts recommend waiting for half a year, then the parquet strips themselves will take their final position.
Parquet is good because it can be stacked by various drawings, having a bar at different angles and in different sequences.
"Deck"- The easiest way of laying. The planks have smoothly, parallel to each other, with a displacement of 1/3 or ½ length of the plank. The first bar is located near the wall, for a more dense fit from it, spikes spawn.
"Fir-tree" The planks are connected to each other at an angle of 90 °. There should be two spikes on the planks - one from the longitudinal side, the second - with a narrow end. There must also be two grooves from opposite sides. This method of laying is quite complicated, as the rows need to be perfectly aligned.
"Squares" And the "braid" are formed quite easily. First, the 2/3/4 of the parquet bar is connected together and fit, then the other 2/3/4 of the planks are connected, but they are put on perpendicular to the first. So the rows alternate, the organic geometric pattern is obtained.
"Braided" with inserts From different wood species.
"Roma" They are stacked from peculiar diamond plates of parquet.
"Sheremetyevskaya Star" It is laid out of two types: rectangular planks and inclined diamonds.
In addition to the above options, there are combinations with various figures and drawings.
On the laying of a piece parquet, the price depends on the layout layout option. The simplest layout of the "Deck" costs 7.5 - 8 cu For 1 m2, the "Christmas tree" will cost 9 cu per meter, and the artistic floor parquet can cost from 17 cu up to 35 cu and even more. All of these prices are indicated without preparatory work and further finishing - grinding and varnishing. The average cost of laying parquet with grinding and varnishing is 17 USD. For 1 m2.
Grinding is necessary in order to make the surface as smooth as possible and delete defects that occurred during the work. You can produce grinding with special grinding machines or a conventional grinder with a circle of sandwich. Of course, the embodiment with grinding is more preferable, and dust will be less.
The first and second time grinding is carried out large grainTo cut big irregularities. Third time - small grainTo achieve the smoothness of the coating and remove the roughness arising after the first grinding. Then the floor must be thoroughly speaking, removing all the fine dust.
Puttailing and priming of a piece parquet
It will not hurt to scream all the cracks in the floor, even if there are no visible large defects. With a special putty on the wood, the entire floor is rubbed, all the gaps and irregularities are filled. After drying, the floor must once again polish small grain and remove the excess putty. Then the floor again vacuizes. In order to improve the grip of a varnish with a parquet and, at the same time, to make the lacquer penetrate deep into the wood structure, the surface of the wicked parquet floor is covered with primer.
Opening of the floor from a piece parquet with varnish or oil
Varnish protects the tree from moisture from entering and from mechanical exposure. The entire layers of varnish on the floor can be from 3 to 9. The more layers, the more deep it turns out the image. Varnish roller on the entire surface immediately, after which the floor is left to dry well 24 - 36 hours. Perform varnish works are needed in clean soft shoes.
Important! While lacquer is driving, you cannot open the windows, leave the entrance doors open open, turn on air conditioning, ventilation or other methods to provide drafts. Varnish must dry up as much as possible.
All subsequent lacquer layers are also applied with a roller with a drying interval 24 - 36 hours each layer. The last layer should dry at least a week so that it can be carefully walking carefully, and the furniture can be entered into the room only a month later, or even two.
Parnquet for parquet is glossy and matte. Glossy Makes the floor to glisten, makes the room with light and emphasizes the drawing. Matt lacquer Use to reduce the brightness of the drawing on wood and to create a warm coat atmosphere.
Laying of a piece parquet can do it more expensive than laying a massive board of about 2 - 4 times. But at the same time the coating will turn out more refined and durable, also less risk of syligious. The key to success in creating a beautiful prestigious parquet is the patience of the wizard.
It is worth noting right away that the flooring of the parquet is the case is responsible and neat. However, the result, if all technological principles were observed, exceeds all expectations.
In this article, we will try to answer the question - what type of parquet is. In addition, we will look at the nuances of the flooring, working with glue, parquet grinding, as well as the features of decorative protective coatings and carcake care.
Factory Parquet Pie
Neat lacquered lacquered parquet strips - Only a visible result obtained as a result of thorough preliminary work: Preparation of overlaps, waterproofing, filling of cement screed, priming, styling of moisture resistant plywood, priming for glue, laying parquet slats, putty, cyclove, gravy, varnish.
In some cases, you can do without some components of this process, but sometimes you have to include additional stages. However, everything is in order.
Base
First, it is necessary to estimate the base for laying. It must be:
Smooth - Diases not more than 2 mm on the basis of 2 m (this rate is spelled out in SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulating and finishing coatings"). To measure this parameter, special instruments are used (due to a considerable cost, their acquisition can mainly afford only specialized organizations and quite wealthy people), but you can do inexpensive water levels.
Dry - relative humidity should be a maximum of 5%. Ignoring this requirement leads to deplorable consequences - sometimes it even has to completely shift the entire parquet. Approximate indicators in humidity sets the standard of WGN 9-94 - "Instructions for floors in residential and public buildings."
Clean - Since on the remains of the old coating (especially on the bitumen), even the highest quality glue will not be held. It is bad to mount the parquet and on the gross or dusty surface (in connection with this, there must be a good vacuum cleaner at the facility). An exception is only the remains of old paint - they are, in general, are not scary for most modern parquet adhesives.
Screed
Naturally, this is not the only way to eliminate the uneven base, but today the most common. Screed, by the way, may not be needed at all. For example, if the base is only a slightly "hilly", it is best to treat the floor with a flat-grinding machine with an abrasive circle.
Small irregularities (1-2 cm) are smoothed by leveching masses. And only when it is necessary to work with the base having a large difference of centimeters, for example, 7-8, there are special mixtures for floors, or inexpensive cement-sand.
Please note: before filling the screed, the joints and holes of the floor are waterproof through which water is capable. Negregate this stage is not worthwhile - the repair of neighbors from the bottom will cost more. It is quite suitable and fairly democratic material in this case - hydrokhotloizol. Rolled materials are suitable, for example, thick (about 200 microns) polyethylene film. It is removed by the edges of the square on which the parquet will be lying, wrapped on the walls.
Then install special tapes showing the level. It is much more convenient to spin the mixture. However, first of all, think about whether overlapping the weight of the new floor will withstand. At 7-8 centimeter thickness of the leveling mixture, together with the parquet itself, it is no longer kilograms, but tons. Easy such a tie is sometimes a vital question. Solve it with the help of a clamzite layer, which, of course, is not the best option (since in case of leakage, the material actively absorbs water and gives it very slowly), but due to the cheapness is very attractive. Extruded polystyrene foam is a dense and lightweight material, moreover, possessing excellent sound and thermal insulation. It is preferable to all points of view, but has one limit - on top of it you need to put at least 3 cm of solution.
Laying by lagum
There is a method of laying by wooden base - These are lags with an external coating layer of plywood. He has a number of explicit advantages: "Chernovaya" floor is less sensitive to the water (after all, under the parquet, the reserve space, where water can go, there are heat and sound insulation mats, tubes of communications), and the load on the overlap is less.
With this method, the floor is laid out lags, align them in terms of level, then covered with thick moisture resistant plywood. The method is not too time consuming, especially if you immediately use adjustable lags, the range of which is quite wide on the market.
Plywood
The most important element of the parquet "cake" - plywoodwhich binds two heterogeneous material - concrete and parquet, increases the heat insulation of the floor, compensates for shrinkage processes in the building, thereby significantly extending the service life of the floor covering. Therefore, sufficiently high demands are presented to it. Plywood, first of all, should be moisture-resistant, and its thickness to peel at least 3/4 of the thickness of the parquet slats (old masters recommend to take a thickness with a thickness of at least 12 mm and even more).
Standard plywood sheets, for example, for example, 1,525x1.525 m are usually cut into four or more parts (so that the parquet design does not occur in the parquet structure, and the plywood itself was securely glued) or stacked with displacement of the jacks on mastic or parquet glue. Between the sheets leave compensation gaps of 3-4 mm. The laid sheets are fixed with self-drawing with a plastic dowel (minimum - 10 pieces per square meter).
At the end of the process of laying plywood - control of the quality of work on the subject of evenness and the presence of a slope. If some irregularities are detected, it is easy to remove it with a grinding machine, which is installed with a ribbon with a large grain of abrasive.
After grinding, it would be nice to be primed by Faneru. And the final stage is characterized by a thorough cleaning of the workplace from dust and garbage.
Glue
Glue largely determines the duration of the parquet operation.
Allocate three main groups: adhesives on solvents, water dispersive and two-component polyurethane (reactive).
The first group is suitable for all types of wood, but at the same time is characterized by the lowest strength of the adhesive seam.
The second adhesive group is stronger, cheaper and more environmentally friendly. Many give them preference due to the fact that during the drying of the dispersion compositions, only pairs of moisture (and not solvent) are distinguished. However, there are its subtleties: attention should be paid to the percentage - 23-25 \u200b\u200bpercent, and in the case of a two-component water-dispersion glue - 11-12 percent. At the same time, adhesives of this type have certain limitations on the impact on wood. In particular, they are not recommended for some exotic tree species.
The last group is two-component (reactive) adhesives. Classm for all 100 percent for about a day. They do not affect the tree at all, and therefore they do not cause any deformations, but have a limited use time (maximum 1 hour). Yes, and such adhesives are twice as expensive than the previous ones. Two-component adhesives are used when gluing a thin lacquered parquet, a large-scale parquet of rare wood species, as well as a massive lacquered board.
Recall that when working with any glue, you should additionally fix each parquet bar to the plywood (as experts say, to shoot - special carnations are clogged with a slightly imagined into the crest of the plank, 1-3 per piece), and at the end of the gluing to withstand the technological pause.
Grinding parquet
This operation is performed in two stages: first the grinding grinding is carried out, then finishing - plane oarsal or tape appliances. For fitting the corners and processing the space of a wall area, it is better to use an angular grinding machine.
The magnitude of the grain of the abrasive used in the grinding process is different in each case. It directly depends on the state of the floor. It is believed that it is advisable to begin with an abrasive tape with grain 40-60. It is not recommended to overplay more than one grain value, since otherwise it will be impossible to remove traces of previous processing. As a rule, the grinding process by each absorption number is carried out in two mutually perpendicular directions at an angle of 45 degrees to the tree fiber. In some cases, another passage is needed - along the light line. Finish the procedure usually abrasive with grain size 100-120.
Before final grinding puttail (Do not forget to completely remove excess putty with the front surface of the planks). If you do not observe the sequence, then unpleasant light divorces can remain under the layer of varnish.
Application of decorative protective coating
The consumer can choose one of the three types of coatings. In this article, they are arranged as the degree of protection reduced and ascending ecology.
- Varnish. Like adhesives, they are divided into three groups: input-dispersive, two-component jets and varnishes on solvents (alkyd, alkyd-urethane, urethane, acrylic-urethane). There are matte and semi-wax, peeled and glossy compositions. The degree of gloss - the taste of the customer.
- Oils (or oil-wax mixtures). The impregnating compositions penetrate deep into the wood of several millimeters, increasing its wear resistance and significantly reducing hygroscopicity. But keep in mind if the choice fell on the oil, you will have to use it all the time.
- Wax coatings.
The undoubted leader in this triple - varnishes. Moreover, acrylic-urethane compositions enjoy in advance due to the price / quality suitable for many ratios.
Lacquer application technology requires careful preparation. First, pay attention to the temperature and humidity regime: optimal conditions - temperature 18-22 degrees Celsius and relative humidity from 40 to 70 percent. Secondly, one of the most important varnish conditions is the lack of dust in the air (it will be necessary to close the windows and turn off the ventilation). The third component of success is the tool: the most convenient is the dosing roller, which, before work, is removed by a fragile pile.
The number of layers of varnish on the parquet depends only on the specific composition. It is usually believed that parquet is cooled well when 350 g of varnish takes 1 square meter, and it can be 2-3 fat, and 7 thin layers. It is not necessary to forget about intermediate grinding between the layers (for better "sticking" of varnish and eliminating, inevitably arising in the process of work, microdefects - bubbles, influx, etc.) - it is often performed by a flat-grinding machine.
Parquet care
- It is impossible to wash the floor with plenty of water with active detergents, and also diligently rub it with a rough sponge. Current floor cleaning should be carried out wet, well pressed with a rag or vacuum cleaner (but not deteriorating).
- On the legs of the moved furniture, it is necessary to fasten the soft audit.
- It would be nice to install humidifiers in the apartment - the parquet will not dismiss.
- Some companies produce flooring facilities. Depending on the decorative-protective type, it can be special rashes, wax mastic and liquid oils. The proper use of such funds will significantly extend the service life of the floor.
- The most convenient parquet planks with compounds "groove crest" from all sides.
- The latter parquet is fixed with wedges installed by the versus between the wall and the edge of the floor.
- Clicks between the plars after the initial grinding are sealed with a putty of fine wood dust and a special composition, which must correspond to the lacquer used or oil.
- After a complete drying of the varnish, the resulting wall-based space can be filled with a sealant that does not contain silicone. However, this will cost much no cheap, so for this purpose, the installation foam is often used.
- The most dangerous for lacquered parquet women's studs (a woman weighing 56 kg in stilettos shoes presses on the floor 20 times stronger than an adult elephant).
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In any office or residential room, parquet always looks very worthy. This coating is associated with comfort and comfort, success and home heat. Parquet laying technology has its own unique features that need to be observed. When the temperature and humidity changes, the parquet can be deformed, so in the room where it is planned to be predicted, it is worth it to be overlapping that the fluctuations will be minimal.
Parquet Stacking Technology - Start of Work
First prepare a concrete base, it is put on it waterproofing (there is a break on the walls). If you have to work with a strongly bug base, or it has a significant slope, then it is performed using a cement-sand screed, which should dry about six weeks. If the base is smooth, the screed can not be done - the main thing is to use self-leveling mixtures.
When the base acquires the perfectly level form, plywood squares (60 per 60 cm each) are put on it, the thickness of them is about 15 mm. It is not recommended to put a one-piece sheet of plywood - the internal voltage can exhaust it, usually happens in the most inappropriate moments. Sheets are fastening in a checker order, the distance between them is 1 cm. For fastening, a dowel is usually chosen - nails (you can also apply a thin layer of mastic).
After laying the plywood, it is definitely polished - especially in those places where the sheets are covered. In a situation, if the flooring of the parquet is performed in a room where the wooden floor, Phaneur can be treated immediately to it - if it is perfectly even and very durable. If the existing floor does not match these criteria, it is disassembled.
Laying parquet
After a couple of days, the Parquet can be laid on the Fana. It should be noted that the material is brought to the room a week before it is styled. During this period, he drinks moisture, acquires the desired form.
In the corners of the room for plywood base, special parquet glue is applied. At the same time, you need to try to lay the glue layer as thinner. A parquet board is aligned, put on a fan with an effort (the material is carefully pressed). The next board is glued in the same way.
So that glue absorbed, you need to wait, often at this stage the material is breached. To remove flaws produce a cyclusion, grinding parquet. After that, the entire surface of the floor should be past a mixture of PVA glue, well diluted with water, use and parquet dust. This measure is needed so that microcracks on the parquet board are not expanding, and they will definitely appear in the process.
The most responsible, important stage of laying the finished parquet is varnishing. It is performed 48 hours after putty. The surface of the floor is covered with primer, after drying, thin layers of varnish (5-6 layers) are applied. Each layer is grinning after drying - this is done in order to disappear in the wood. Lastly install plinths.
It should be remembered that the parquet needs constant care - it needs to be washed by special means, grinding as wear, to cover with varnish. In winter, when hot heating is included, or in summer heat, it is recommended to moisten the air indoors. These simple, but very important measures will significantly extend the service life of the parquet coating.