Online translator of units of measurement of physical quantities. Unit converter

• 1 General
• 2 History
• 3 SI units
  • 3.1 Basic units
  • 3.2 Derived units
• 4 Non-SI units
• Prefixes

General information

The SI system was adopted by the XI General Conference on Weights and Measures; some subsequent conferences made a number of changes to the SI.

The SI system defines seven major and derivatives units of measure as well as a set. Standard abbreviations for units of measure and rules for writing derived units have been established.

In Russia, GOST 8.417-2002 is in force, which prescribes the mandatory use of SI. It lists the units of measurement, lists their Russian and international names and establishes the rules for their use. According to these rules, only international symbols may be used in international documents and on instrument scales. In internal documents and publications, you can use either international or Russian designations (but not both at the same time).

Basic units: kilogram, meter, second, ampere, kelvin, mole and candela. Within the SI, these units are considered to have independent dimensions, that is, none of the basic units can be obtained from others.

Derived units are derived from basic ones using algebraic operations such as multiplication and division. Some of the derived units in the SI System have their own names.

Prefixes can be used before the names of units of measurement; they mean that the unit of measurement must be multiplied or divided by a certain integer, a power of 10. For example, the prefix "kilo" means multiplication by 1000 (kilometer = 1000 meters). SI prefixes are also called decimal prefixes.

History

The SI system is based on the metric system of measures, which was created by French scientists and was first widely introduced after the Great French revolution... Before the introduction of the metric system, units of measurement were chosen randomly and independently of each other. Therefore, the conversion from one unit of measurement to another was difficult. In addition, different units of measurement were used in different places, sometimes with the same names. Metric system should have become comfortable and unified system weights and measures.

In 1799, two standards were approved - for the unit of measurement of length (meter) and for the unit of measurement of weight (kilogram).

In 1874, the CGS system was introduced, based on three units of measurement - centimeter, gram and second. Decimal prefixes from micro to mega were also introduced.

In 1889, the 1st General Conference on Weights and Measures adopted a system of measures similar to the GHS, but based on the meter, kilogram and second, since these units were recognized as more convenient for practical use.

Subsequently, the basic units for measurement were introduced physical quantities in the field of electricity and optics.

In 1960, the XI General Conference on Weights and Measures adopted a standard that was first called the "International System of Units (SI)".

In 1971, the IV General Conference on Weights and Measures amended the SI, adding, in particular, a unit for measuring the amount of a substance (mol).

Currently, the SI is accepted as the legal system of units of measurement by most countries in the world and is almost always used in the field of science (even in those countries that have not adopted the SI).

SI units

After the designations of SI units and their derivatives, a dot is not put, in contrast to the usual abbreviations.

Basic units

The magnitude	unit of measurement		Designation
	Russian name	international name	Russian	international
Length	meter	meter (meter)	m	m
Weight	kilogram	kilogram	Kg	kg
Time	second	second	with	s
Electric current strength	ampere	ampere	A	A
Thermodynamic temperature	kelvin	kelvin	TO	K
The power of light	candela	candela	cd	cd
Amount of substance	mole	mole	mole	mol

Derived units

Derived units can be expressed in terms of basic ones using mathematical operations of multiplication and division. For convenience, some of the derived units have been assigned their own names; such units can also be used in mathematical expressions to form other derived units.

The mathematical expression for the derived unit of measurement follows from the physical law by which this unit of measurement is determined or the definition of the physical quantity for which it is entered. For example, speed is the distance that a body travels per unit of time. Accordingly, the unit of measure for speed is m / s (meter per second).

Often, the same unit of measurement can be written in different ways, using a different set of basic and derived units (see, for example, the last column in the table ). However, in practice, established (or simply generally accepted) expressions are used that best reflect the physical meaning of the measured quantity. For example, N × m should be used to record the moment of force, and m × N or J should not be used.

Derived units with their own names

The magnitude	unit of measurement		Designation		Expression
	Russian name	international name	Russian	international
Flat angle	radian	radian	glad	rad	m × m -1 = 1
Solid angle	steradian	steradian	Wed	sr	m 2 × m -2 = 1
Celsius temperature	degree Celsius	° C	degree Celsius	° C	K
Frequency	hertz	hertz	Hz	Hz	s -1
Force	newton	newton	N	N	kg × m / s 2
Energy	joule	joule	J	J	N × m = kg × m 2 / s 2
Power	watt	watt	W	W	J / s = kg × m 2 / s 3
Pressure	pascal	pascal	Pa	Pa	N / m 2 = kg? M -1? S 2
Light flow	lumen	lumen	lm	lm	cd × sr
Illumination	luxury	lux	OK	lx	lm / m2 = cd × sr × m -2
Electric charge	pendant	coulomb	Cl	C	A × s
Potential difference	volt	volt	V	V	J / C = kg × m 2 × s -3 × A -1
Resistance	ohm	ohm	Ohm	Ω	B / A = kg × m 2 × s -3 × A -2
Capacity	farad	farad	F	F	Cl / V = ​​kg -1 × m -2 × s 4 × А 2
Magnetic flux	weber	weber	Wb	Wb	kg × m 2 × s -2 × A -1
Magnetic induction	tesla	tesla	T	T	Wb / m 2 = kg × s -2 × A -1
Inductance	Henry	henry	Mr.	H	kg × m 2 × s -2 × A -2
Electrical conductivity	Siemens	siemens	Cm	S	Ohm -1 = kg -1 × m -2 × s 3 A 2
Radioactivity	becquerel	becquerel	Bq	Bq	s -1
Absorbed dose of ionizing radiation	Gray	gray	Gr	Gy	J / kg = m 2 / s 2
Effective dose of ionizing radiation	sievert	sievert	Sv	Sv	J / kg = m 2 / s 2
Catalyst activity	rolled	katal	cat	kat	mol × s -1

Non-SI units

Some units of measurement that are not included in the SI system, according to the decision of the General Conference on Weights and Measures, are "allowed for use in conjunction with SI".

unit of measurement	International name	Designation		Quantity in SI units
		Russian	international
minute	minute	min	min	60 s
hour	hour	h	h	60 min = 3600 s
day	day	days	d	24 h = 86 400 s
degree	degree	°	°	(N / 180) glad
angular minute	minute	′	′	(1/60) ° = (P / 10 800)
angular second	second	″	″	(1/60) ′ = (P / 648,000)
liter	liter (liter)	l	l, L	1 dm 3
ton	tonne	T	t	1000 kg
neper	neper	Np	Np
white	bel	B	B
electron-volt	electronvolt	eV	eV	10 -19 J
atomic mass unit	unified atomic mass unit	a. eat.	u	= 1,49597870691 -27 kg
astronomical unit	astronomical unit	a. e.	ua	10 11 m
nautical mile	nautical mile	mile		1852 m (exact)
knot	knot	knots		1 nautical mile per hour = (1852/3600) m / s
ar	are	a	a	10 2 m 2
hectare	hectare	ha	ha	10 4 m 2
bar	bar	bar	bar	10 5 Pa
angstrom	ångström	Å	Å	10 -10 m
barn	barn	b	b	10 -28 m 2

This tutorial will not be new to beginners. We have all heard from school such things as centimeter, meter, kilometer. And when it came to mass, they usually said gram, kilogram, ton.

Centimeters, meters and kilometers; grams, kilograms and tons have one common name - units of measurement of physical quantities.

In this lesson, we will look at the most popular units of measurement, but we will not go deep into this topic, since units of measurement go into the field of physics. We are forced to study a part of physics, because we need it for further study of mathematics.

Lesson content

Length units

The following units of measure are intended for measuring length:

• millimeters
• centimeters
• decimeters
• meters
• kilometers

millimeter(mm). You can even see millimeters with your own eyes if you take the ruler that we used at school every day.

Consecutive small lines running one after another are millimeters. More precisely, the distance between these lines is equal to one millimeter (1 mm):

centimeter(cm). On the ruler, each centimeter is marked with a number. For example, our ruler, which was in the first picture, had a length of 15 centimeters. The last centimeter on this ruler is marked with the number 15.

There are 10 millimeters in one centimeter. An equal sign can be placed between one centimeter and ten millimeters, since they represent the same length.

1 cm = 10 mm

You can see for yourself if you count the number of millimeters in the previous figure. You will find that the number of millimeters (distance between lines) is 10.

The next unit of measure for length is decimeter(dm). There are ten centimeters in one decimeter. An equal sign can be placed between one decimeter and ten centimeters, since they denote the same length:

1 dm = 10 cm

You can verify this if you count the number of centimeters in the following figure:

You will find that the number of centimeters is 10.

The next unit of measurement is meter(m). There are ten decimeters in one meter. An equal sign can be put between one meter and ten decimeters, because they denote the same length:

1 m = 10 dm

Unfortunately, the meter cannot be illustrated in the figure because it is quite large. If you want to see the meter live, take a tape measure. Everyone in the house has it. On a tape measure, one meter will be designated as 100 cm.This is because there are ten decimeters in one meter, and one hundred centimeters in ten decimeters:

1 m = 10 dm = 100 cm

100 is obtained by converting one meter to centimeters. This is a separate topic, which we will consider a little later. In the meantime, let's move on to the next unit of measure for length, which is called a kilometer.

The kilometer is considered the largest unit of measure for length. There are, of course, other older units, such as megameter, gigameter, terameter, but we will not consider them, since a kilometer is enough for us to study mathematics further.

One kilometer is a thousand meters. An equal sign can be placed between one kilometer and one thousand meters, since they represent the same length:

1 km = 1000 m

Distances between cities and countries are measured in kilometers. For example, the distance from Moscow to St. Petersburg is about 714 kilometers.

International system of units SI

The international system of units SI is a certain set of generally accepted physical quantities.

The main purpose of the international system of SI units is to achieve agreements between countries.

We know that the languages ​​and traditions of the countries of the world are different. There is nothing you can do about it. But the laws of mathematics and physics work the same everywhere. If in one country “twice two will be four”, then in another country “twice two will be four”.

The main problem was that there are several units of measurement for each physical quantity. For example, we have now learned that there are millimeters, centimeters, decimeters, meters and kilometers for measuring length. If several scholars speaking different languages, will gather in one place to solve a particular problem, then such a large variety of units of measurement of length can give rise to contradictions between these scientists.

One scientist will state that in their country, length is measured in meters. The second might say that in their country, length is measured in kilometers. The third can offer its own unit of measurement.

Therefore, the international system of units SI was created. SI is an abbreviation for the French phrase. Le Système International d'Unités, SI (which translated into Russian means - the international system of units SI).

The SI contains the most popular physical quantities and each of them has its own generally accepted unit of measurement. For example, in all countries, when solving problems, it was agreed that the length would be measured in meters. Therefore, when solving problems, if the length is given in another unit of measurement (for example, in kilometers), then it must be converted to meters. We will talk about how to convert one unit of measurement to another a little later. In the meantime, let's draw our international system of units, SI.

Our figure will be a table of physical quantities. We will include each studied physical quantity in our table and indicate the unit of measurement that is accepted in all countries. Now we have studied the units of measurement of length and learned that in the SI system, meters are defined for measuring length. So our table will look like this:

Mass units

Mass is a quantity that indicates the amount of a substance in a body. In the people, body weight is called weight. Usually, when something is weighed, they say "It weighs so many kilograms" , although we are not talking about weight, but about the mass of this body.

However, mass and weight are different concepts. Weight is the force with which a body acts on a horizontal support. Weight is measured in Newtons. And mass is a quantity that shows the amount of matter in this body.

But there is nothing wrong if you call body weight weight. Even in medicine they say "Human weight" , although we are talking about the mass of a person. The main thing is to be aware that these are different concepts.

The following units are used to measure mass:

• milligrams
• grams
• kilograms
• centners
• tons

The smallest unit of measurement is milligram(mg). You will most likely never use a milligram in practice. They are used by chemists and other scientists who work with fine substances. It is enough for you to know that such a unit of measure for mass exists.

The next unit of measurement is gram(G). In grams, it is customary to measure the amount of a product when drawing up a recipe.

There are a thousand milligrams in one gram. An equal sign can be put between one gram and a thousand milligrams, because they denote the same mass:

1 g = 1000 mg

The next unit of measurement is kilogram(kg). The kilogram is a common unit of measurement. Anything is measured in it. The kilogram is included in the SI system. Let's and we will include one more physical quantity in our SI table. We will call it "mass":

One kilogram contains a thousand grams. You can put an equal sign between one kilogram and one thousand grams, because they denote the same mass:

1 kg = 1000 g

The next unit of measurement is centner(c). In centners, it is convenient to measure the mass of the crop harvested from small area or the mass of some cargo.

One centner contains one hundred kilograms. You can put an equal sign between one centner and one hundred kilograms, because they denote the same mass:

1 q = 100 kg

The next unit of measurement is ton(T). Large loads and masses of large bodies are usually measured in tons. For example, mass spaceship or a car.

There are a thousand kilograms in one ton. An equal sign can be put between one ton and a thousand kilograms, because they denote the same mass:

1 t = 1000 kg

Time units

We do not need to explain what time is. Everyone knows what time is and why it is needed. If we open a discussion on what time is and try to define it, then we will begin to delve into philosophy, and we do not need this now. Let's start with the units of time.

The following units of measure are used to measure time:

• seconds
• minutes
• day

The smallest unit of measurement is second(with). There are, of course, smaller units such as milliseconds, microseconds, nanoseconds, but we will not consider them, since on this moment it doesn't make sense.

Various indicators are measured in seconds. For example, in how many seconds an athlete will run 100 meters. The second is included in the SI international system of units for measuring time and is denoted as "s". Let's and we will include one more physical quantity in our SI table. We will call it "time":

minute(m). One minute 60 seconds. An equal sign can be placed between one minute and sixty seconds, since they represent the same time:

1 m = 60 s

The next unit of measurement is hour(h). One hour 60 minutes. An equal sign can be placed between one hour and sixty minutes, since they represent the same time:

1 h = 60 m

For example, if we studied this lesson for one hour and we are asked how much time we spent studying it, we can answer in two ways: "We studied the lesson for one hour" or so "We studied the lesson for sixty minutes" ... In both cases, we will answer correctly.

The next time unit is day... There are 24 hours a day. Between one day and twenty-four hours, you can put an equal sign, since they denote the same time:

1 day = 24 hours

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In this lesson we will learn how to convert physical quantities from one unit of measurement to another. This is a useful skill that is very helpful in learning other topics.

Lesson content

Length Unit Conversion

From past lessons, we know that the main units of measure for length are:

• millimeters
• centimeters
• decimeters
• meters
• kilometers

Any value that characterizes the length can be converted from one unit of measurement to another. For example, 25 kilometers can be converted into meters and decimeters and centimeters and even millimeters.

In addition, when solving problems in physics, it is imperative to comply with the requirements of the international SI system. That is, if the length is not given in meters, but in another unit of measurement, then it must be converted into meters, since the meter is a unit of measure for length in the SI system.

To convert length from one unit of measurement to another, you need to know what this or that unit of measurement consists of. That is, you need to know that, for example, one centimeter consists of ten millimeters or one kilometer consists of a thousand meters.

Let's show on simple example, how to reason when converting length from one unit of measurement to another. Suppose you have 2 meters and you want to convert them to centimeters.

Since we are converting meters to centimeters, we first need to find out how many centimeters are contained in one meter. One meter contains one hundred centimeters:

1 m = 100 cm

If there are 100 centimeters in 1 meter, then how many centimeters will there be in two such meters? The answer suggests itself - 200 cm. And these 200 centimeters are obtained by multiplying 2 by 100. So, to convert 2 meters to centimeters, you need to multiply 2 by 100

2 × 100 = 200 cm

Now let's try to translate the same 2 meters into kilometers. Since we are converting meters into kilometers, we first need to find out how many meters are contained in one kilometer. One kilometer contains a thousand meters:

1 km = 1000 m

If one kilometer contains 1000 meters, then a kilometer that contains only 2 meters will be much less. To get it you need to divide 2 by 1000

2: 1000 = 0.002 km

At first, it can be difficult to remember which action to use to translate units - multiplication or division. Therefore, at first, it is convenient to use the following scheme:

The essence of this scheme is that multiplication is applied when moving from a higher unit of measurement to a lower one. Conversely, when moving from a lower unit of measurement to a higher one, division is applied.

Arrows that are directed downward and upward indicate that a transition from a higher unit of measurement to a lower one and a transition from a lower unit of measurement to a higher one are carried out, respectively. At the end of the arrow, it is indicated which operation to apply: multiplication or division.

For example, let's convert 3000 meters to kilometers using this scheme.

So, we must go from meters to kilometers. In other words, go from a lower unit of measurement to an older one (a kilometer is older than a meter). We look at the diagram and see that the arrow indicating the transition from lower units to higher ones is directed upwards and at the end of the arrow it is indicated that we must apply division:

Now you need to find out how many meters are contained in one kilometer. One kilometer contains 1000 meters. And to find out how many kilometers are 3000 such meters, you need to divide 3000 by 1000

3000: 1000 = 3 km

So, when converting 3000 meters to kilometers, we get 3 kilometers.

Let's try to convert the same 3000 meters to decimeters. Here we have to move from the senior units to the lower ones (decimeter is less than a meter). We look at the diagram and see that the arrow indicating the transition from high units to low ones is directed downward and at the end of the arrow it is indicated that we must apply multiplication:

Now you need to find out how many decimeters are in one meter. There are 10 decimeters in one meter.

1 m = 10 dm

And to find out how many such decimeters are in three thousand meters, you need to multiply 3000 by 10

3000 × 10 = 30,000 dm

So when converting 3000 meters to decimeters, we get 30,000 decimeters.

Conversion of units of measure of mass

From past lessons, we know that the main units of measure for mass are:

• milligrams
• grams
• kilograms
• centners
• tons

Any quantity that characterizes mass can be converted from one unit of measurement to another. For example, 5 kilograms can be converted into tons and centners and into grams and even milligrams.

In addition, when solving problems in physics, it is imperative to comply with the requirements of the international SI system. That is, if the mass is not given in kilograms, but in another unit of measurement, then it must be converted into kilograms, since the kilogram is the SI unit of mass.

To convert mass from one unit of measurement to another, you need to know what this or that unit of measurement consists of. That is, you need to know that, for example, one kilogram consists of a thousand grams or one centner consists of one hundred kilograms.

Let's show with a simple example how to reason when converting mass from one unit of measurement to another. Suppose you have 3 kilograms and you want to convert them to grams.

Since we are converting kilograms to grams, we first need to find out how many grams are contained in one kilogram. One kilogram contains a thousand grams:

1 kg = 1000 g

If there are 1000 grams in 1 kilogram, then how many grams will there be in three such kilograms? The answer suggests itself - 3000 grams. And these 3000 grams are obtained by multiplying 3 by 1000. So, to convert 3 kilograms to grams, you need to multiply 3 by 1000

3 × 1000 = 3000g

Now let's try to convert the same 3 kilograms into tons. Since we are converting kilograms to tons, we first need to find out how many kilograms are contained in one ton. One ton contains a thousand kilograms:

If one ton contains 1000 kilograms, then a ton that contains only 3 kilograms will be much less. To get it you need to divide 3 by 1000

3: 1000 = 0.003 t

As in the case of converting length units, at first it is convenient to use the following scheme:

This scheme will allow you to quickly navigate what action to perform to convert units - multiplication or division.

For example, let's convert 5000 kilograms to tons using this scheme.

So, we have to go from kilograms to tons. In other words, go from a lower unit of measurement to an older one (a ton is older than a kilogram). We look at the diagram and see that the arrow indicating the transition from lower units to higher ones is directed upwards and at the end of the arrow it is indicated that we must apply division:

Now you need to find out how many kilograms are contained in one ton. One ton contains 1000 kilograms. And to find out how many tons is 5000 kilograms, you need to divide 5000 by 1000

5000: 1000 = 5 t

This means that when converting 5000 kilograms into tons, we get 5 tons.

Let's try to convert 6 kilograms to grams. Here we are moving from the major unit of measure to the lower one. Therefore, we will use multiplication.

To convert kilograms to grams, you first need to know how many grams are in one kilogram. One kilogram contains a thousand grams:

1 kg = 1000 g

If there are 1000 grams in 1 kilogram, then in six such kilograms there will be six times more grams. So 6 needs to be multiplied by 1000

6 × 1000 = 6000 g

This means that when converting 6 kilograms to grams, we get 6000 grams.

Time unit conversion

From the previous lessons, we know that the main units of time measurement are:

• seconds
• minutes
• day

Any value that characterizes time can be converted from one unit of measurement to another. For example, 15 minutes can be converted into seconds and hours and per day.

In addition, when solving problems in physics, it is imperative to comply with the requirements of the international SI system. That is, if the time is not given in seconds, but in another unit of measurement, then it must be converted into seconds, since the second is a unit of time in the SI system.

To convert time from one unit of measurement to another, you need to know what a particular unit of time consists of. That is, you need to know that, for example, one hour consists of sixty minutes or one minute consists of sixty seconds, etc.

Let's show with a simple example how to reason when converting time from one unit of measurement to another. Suppose you want to convert 2 minutes to seconds.

Since we are converting minutes into seconds, we first need to find out how many seconds are contained in one minute. One minute contains sixty seconds:

1 min = 60 s

If there are 60 seconds in 1 minute, then how many seconds will there be in two such minutes? The answer suggests itself - 120 seconds. And these 120 seconds are obtained by multiplying 2 by 60. So, to convert 2 minutes into seconds, you need to multiply 2 by 60

2 × 60 = 120 s

Now let's try to translate the same 2 minutes into hours. Since we are converting minutes into hours, we first need to find out how many minutes are contained in one hour. One hour contains sixty minutes:

If one hour contains 60 minutes, then an hour that contains only 2 minutes will be much less. To get it, you need to divide 2 minutes by 60

Dividing 2 by 60 gives the periodic fraction 0.0 (3). This fraction can be rounded to the hundredth place. Then we get the answer 0.03

When converting time units, a scheme is also applicable that makes it easier to navigate what to use - multiplication or division:

For example, let's convert 25 minutes into hours using this scheme.

So, we must go from minutes to hours. In other words, go from a lower unit of measurement to a higher one (hours are older than minutes). We look at the diagram and see that the arrow indicating the transition from lower units to higher ones is directed upwards and at the end of the arrow it is indicated that we must apply division:

Now you need to find out how many minutes are contained in one hour. One hour contains 60 minutes. And an hour that only contains 25 minutes will be much less. To find it, you need to divide 25 by 60

Dividing 25 by 60 results in a periodic fraction of 0.41 (6). This fraction can be rounded to the hundredth place. Then we get the answer 0.42

25: 60 = 0.42 h

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1. Length: kilometer, meter, decimeter, centimeter, millimeter, micrometer, mile, nautical mile, league, cables, nautical fathom, furlong, genus, yard, foot, inch, verst, chain, pole, fathom, arshin, foot (Old Rus .), vershok, line, point.
2. Square: sq. kilometer, sq. meter, sq. decimeter, sq. centimeter, sq. millimeter, sq. micrometer, sq. mile, acre, hectare, ar (weaving), sq. genus, sq. yard, sq. ft, sq. inch.
3. Volume: cubic kilometer, cubic meter meter, cubic decimeter, cubic meter centimeter, cubic meter millimeter, cubic micrometer, cc mile, liter, quart (UK), quart (US, for liquids), cbm genus, cub. yard, cbm ft, cubic meters inch, pint (UK), pint (US, liquid), gallon (UK), gallon (US, liquid), oil barrel, barrel (US, liquid), beer barrel, fluid ounce, barrel, bucket , mug, pound of water, vodka bottle, wine bottle, cup, scale, tablespoon, teaspoon.
4. Weight: metric ton, imperial ton (long ton), American ton (short ton), centner, kilogram, pound, ounce, gram, carat, berkovets, pood, half a pound, steelyard, ansyr, pound, large hryvnia (hryvnia), libra, small hryvnia (hryvnia), lot, spool, share, troy pound, troy ounce, troy gran.
5. Temperature: Fagengate temperature, Celsius temperature, Reaumur temperature, absolute temperature.
6. Speed: kilometers per hour, kilometers per minute, kilometers per second, miles per hour, miles per minute, miles per second, knots (nautical miles per hour), meters per hour, meters per minute, meters per second, feet per hour, feet per minute, feet per second, speed of light in vacuum, speed of sound in clean water, the speed of sound in air (at 20 ° C).
7. Pressure: pascal, bar, technical atmosphere (at), physical atmosphere (atm), millimeter of mercury, meter of water, pound-force per square meter. inch, kilogram of force per sq. meter.
8. Consumption: m3 / s, m3 / min, m3 / h, l / s, l / min, l / h, US gal / day, US gal / h, US gal / min, US gal / s, UK gallons / day, UK gallons / hr, UK gallons / min., UK gallons / s, cu. ft / min., cu. ft / s, bbl / h, pounds of water / min, tons of water (meter) / day.
9. Strength, weight: newton, dina, kilogram-force, kilopond, gram-force, pond, ton-force.
10. Power: watt, kilowatt, megawatt, kilogram-force meter per second, erg per second, horsepower (metric), horsepower (imperial).
11. Amount of information: bit, byte (B), Kibibyte (KiB), Mebibyte (MiB), Gibibyte (GiB), Tebibyte (TiB).
12. Time: millennium, century, decade, five-year, year, half-year, quarter, month, decade, week, day, hour, minute, second, millisecond, microsecond, nanosecond.
13. Calorie content of products: kcal based on the weight of the product indicated in grams.