Bay slab overlap. Formwork for monolithic overlap do it yourself

The fill of the monolithic interhesion is not the easiest, but really universal and time-tested method. In this article we will talk about the main construction features and stages of the ceiling device, as well as formwork types, including non-removable.

Typology of buildings and scope of application

The main area of \u200b\u200bthe application of monolithic floors are buildings with supporting walls of brick, block masonry or concrete panels, as well as dome houses. Clearance monolith requirements may be due to:

non-standard building plan;
the need to significantly increase the carrier ability of the overlap;
increased requirements for hydro and noise insulation;
the need to provide free layout;
reduction of expenditures on the internal finish.

The fill is made, as a rule, after the end of the construction of the walls of the first floor. However, options for filling monolithic floors are possible in buildings with roof, if required by weather or other conditions. In this case, in the masonry of the lower floor, 2-way beams are mounted on the perimeter of the bearing walls, the crown is poured into the height of the overlap. Also, to enhance mechanical connections, the inner side of the crown is produced by 40-50 cm mortgage reinforcement. Its total section cannot be less than 0.4% of the cross section of the longitudinal cutting of the crown.

Project Calculations of the Bearing Design

When the flutter length is selected, it should correlate it to the stove thickness as 30: 1. However, with independent design, the overlap of 400 mm is almost no sense, since the carrying capacity of the structure rises along with its own weight and static stresses. Therefore, the permissible load on homemade floors rarely exceeds 1500-2000 kg / m 2.

The situation can be corrected by incorporating into the carrying structure of foreign steel beams laid on the aligned concrete surface of the masonry of bearing walls. Another way to increase the flop length while maintaining the relative freedom of the planning is to open the overlap on the columns. With the thickness of the monolithic structure up to 400 mm and the length of the span in four directions from the columns up to 12 meters, the support area of \u200b\u200bthe support is 1-1.35 m 2, provided that the cross section of the mortgage of the reinforcement in the column is at least 1.4%.

Calculation of the reinforcement of the monolithic plate

In the general case, the stove thickness is determined by the amount of reinforcing steel, which is laid in it. The density of reinforcement, in turn, depends on the maximum permissible load and resistance to cracking. Avoiding special cases, it is possible to provide a common example of a structure that demonstrates full compliance with regulatory requirements at a fairly high strength of strength.

In private construction, reinforced concrete is strengthened with reinforcement with a periodic Class A400 profile, it is the A-III.

The diameter of the rod in the stoves thickness:

up to 150 mm - at least 10-12 mm;
from 150 to 250 mm - at least 12-14 mm;
from 250 to 400 mm - at least 14-16 mm.

The reinforcement is laid by two meshes with a cell size of 120-160 mm, the thickness of the protective layer of concrete from the edges of the plate is at least 80-120 mm, and from above and from the bottom of at least 40 mm. The direction of laying four rows of reinforcement, starting from Lower: Along, across, across, along. A galvanized wire with a thickness of at least 2 mm is used for dressing.

Installation of formwork of different types

The formwork must withstand the load of 500-1100 kg / m 2, including the dynamic effect of incident concrete. To create a formwork plane can be used:

Plastic sheets of a multi-forming formwork.
Moisture-resistant plywood with a thickness of 17-23 mm.
OSP thick 20-26 mm.

The edges of the plates should fit tightly to the walls, it is not allowed to use formwork with gaps at the junctions of more than 2 mm, if it is not planned to be stamped with a waterproofing film.

Sometimes it is reasonable to make a formwork from removing, using profiled sheets for this, orienting them with a narrow shelf down. They are placed along the plate so that the waves for the pouring form numerous ribs of stiffness. The thickness calculation is carried out from the lower edge, thus saving the concrete mixture is 20-25%. At the same time, the height of the ridge should not exceed a third of the overall thickness of the plate. If the formwork is not planned to be removed, screws are screwed into it with a rubber washer and tied with a thin wire to the valve.

Installation of the formwork starts with the placement of the racks: it can be either steel telescopic racks with a tripod and a coin, or wood without damage to a cross section of at least 100 cm 2. Each rack must be associated with two adjacent inclined links from an inch. The racks are mounted along the beam lines, the distance between which, depending on the thickness of the plate 150-400 mm, is:

190-240 cm with plywood thickness up to 20 mm;
210-260 cm with plywood thickness from 21cm.

At the same time, the distance between the racks of one beam, depending on the interval between them, is:

from 140 to 200 cm when spanging up to 150 cm;
from 120 to 180 cm with a span 160-210 cm;
from 100 to 140 cm with a span 210-250 cm.

The main beams are usually made of a bar 100x100 mm. On them across increments of 500-650 cm put the secondary beams, which have a cross section of 50% of the main. If the formwork from the profiled sheet, the secondary beam step is 3.5 distances between the waves.

The vertical formwork is mounted from retaining shields attached to the outside wall of the building. Often around the perimeter put the blocks of aerated concrete with a thickness of 80-100 mm to hide the overlap belt.

Reinforcement and strapping

After mounting the formwork, it is lubricated with the anti-adhesive composition and begin laying of reinforcement. At the crowns and supporting edges, the rods are linked to a square, keeping the minimum allowable protective layer from all sides. The main array of overlap is reinforced by the grid. The lower layer is placed on plastic "crunches", which control the preservation of the lower protective layer. The grid is tied up at the intersection of each third rod.

After the strapping of the bottom grid, the intermediate locks are installed after 100 cm in a checker order. To enhance the support on the walls, end locks are mounted. These elements help preserve the design distance between two reinforcement planes.

The mounted upper mesh is associated with lower connecting brackets. After the installation is completed, the reinforcing design should be as one and easy to perceive the load from people walking along it.

Pouring concrete

Monolithic floors are poured with concrete brand B20-B30, prepared in factory conditions. The fill of monolithic floors should be carried out in one stage, so the filling of space with small doses is not recommended. If it is impossible to perform the entire volume of work at once, the plates of the plate need to be cut into a grid with a cell of 8-10 mm.

The supply of the mixture to the overlap can be carried out by a concrete pump or volumetric frame raised by a tap. After filing, the mixture is evenly distributed, seated with vibration and leave to stick.

Further actions

Concrete is gaining sufficient strength after 4 weeks, all this time it needs periodic wetting and protection against rain the first 2nd days. After drying, the formwork can be removed and proceeding with the construction of walls.

The construction of the house and a number of other buildings implies the mandatory arrangement of inter-storey or attic floors. Often, wood is used to implement this task. Wooden floors are easy to install, however, if you need to provide high-quality insulation and noise insulation of the room, give preference to overlaps from concrete. Monolithic overlap from concrete can be made independently. Explore the instructions and proceed.

Before the start of any work, it will be worth familiar with the rules for laying monolithic plates. The main recommendations look as follows:

the length of the span can be no more than 900 cm. This is the maximum permissible length of one monolithic plate;
for lifting plates you need to use a special technique. In accordance with this requirement, the hinge must be mounted in the slab, clinging for which the crane can raise the product to the desired height. Actual for those situations where plates are purchased in finished form or are made independently, but on Earth;
plates can be laid exclusively on pre-aligned walls. There should be no significant distortions and drops;
from each edge of the plate should be based on a 9-15 cm wall;
the plates are stacked with the mandatory sealing of technological seams and in general all the cracks with the help of a solution. "Dry" laying is invalid;
in the process of installing plates, it is necessary to constantly monitor their laying. A plunder and level are used to verify;
plates can be laid exclusively on the bearing walls. All sorts of simpleness are erected strictly after the completion of the ceiling of overlaps;
if in monolithic overlap you need to make a hatch, it is allowed to cut exclusively at the junction of two concrete slabs. Arrangement of the hatch in one railway product is unacceptable;
plates are stacked with 2-3 centimeters M gap.

If the length of one plate is not enough to overlap the entire span, you can use one of two available options:

squeeze the plates backdrop, leaving the gaps on the edges of the room. At the end, the gaps will need to fill with concrete blocks;
place the plates are not close, but with uniform gaps (20-30 mm). At the end of the gaps, make a concrete, pre-secure the formwork under the overlap so that the building solution does not fall down.

Installation of formwork

The technology of overlap arrangement implies the mandatory use of the horizontal formwork. You can rent a finished formwork from a specialized company or collect the desired design with your own hands.

The first option is simpler and more convenient. Finished factory formworks come complete with telescopic supports, which allows you to further save time on the manufacture of backups.

The second option is more budget. For self-assembling formwork, use a cutting board with a thickness of at least 2.5-3.5 cm. You can use moisture-resistant phaneur thickness from 2 cm.

Boards must be shot down as close as possible. In the presence of noticeable slots between the formwork boards, it is necessarily covered with a waterproofing film.

Set to install formwork

Prepare the following devices for assembling formwork:

boards;
phaneur;
bar;
a hammer;
hacksaw;
level;
nails;
ax.

Installing formwork

First step. Install vertical support racks. The best option is adjustable telescopic racks made of metal. In their absence, wooden logs with a diameter of 80 mm are suitable.

Stands Install with a meter step. The distance between the walls and the racks closest to them should be at least 200 mm.

The second step. Lay on top of the reference racks. This is a longitudinal bar, at the expense of which the entire design is maintained.

Third step. On top of the riglels, install the formwork. First put on the longitudinal bars transverse wooden beams, on them - boards or Paneru.

The dimming dimensions are chosen so that its extreme edges rests on the walls without the formation of cracks.

Fourth step. The top edge of the formwork should be strictly on the same level with the top edge of the walls of the wall. To perform this requirement, adjust the height of the support racks.

Fifth step. Set vertical design elements. Due to the fact that the edges of the ceiling slab must enter the wall, place a vertical fence at an appropriate distance from the inner edges of the walls.

Sixth step. Check the smooth formwork installation using a level. Correct deviations in case of detection.

To connect formwork elements, use comfortable fasteners, for example, made of either nails.

For the convenience of execution of subsequent works, the formwork can be made waterproofing M material.

Telescopic racks are more preferable compared to their wooden analogues for the reason that the metal is much more reliable than wood. Each telescopic rack is able to withstand the load up to 2000 kg without the appearance of deformations and cracks, as it can occur in the case of a wooden bar.

Video - Montage of the formwork of overlaps

Order of reinforcement

The monolithic slab overlap is subject to compulsory reinforcement.

First step. Prepare fittings. Suitable diameter of rods pick up in accordance with the calculated loads. In most cases, the rods with a diameter of 1.2-1.4 cm are used.

The second step. Machine the first reinforcing mesh at the bottom of the future monolithic plate. First, put the longitudinal, and then transverse rods. The optimal size of the cell of such a mesh is 120-150 mm. If the overlap has a small area, you can increase the size of the cells up to 200 mm.

Third step. Bes rods to tie steel wire.

Fourth step. Lay on top the second reinforcing mesh similar to the first. Tie both mesh wire.

If the lengths of one rod are not enough, the additional rods are tight with an overlap equal to at least 40 diameters of reinforcement. That is, if you are using a rod with a diameter of 12 mm, the backstage should be at least 480 mm.

Cooking concrete

For initial fill, a standard concrete mortar is prepared. The recipe is as follows:

2 parts of sifted pure sand;
1 part of a large aggregate - you can use both rubbank and gravel;
1 part of cement M400-M500;
water.

Water add so much so that the consistency of the solution is close to the consistency of the liquid sour cream. Nehust solution will perfectly fill all internal cavities and cracks, so that the stove will become truly monolithic.

The solution is most convenient to prepare in the concrete mixer. First, load dry and solid components, and then gradually, if possible, without stopping stirring, add water.

In the absence of concrete mixers, you can prepare a solution in a large quinet, but it is too long and quite difficult, especially in the absence of assistants.

Pouring plate

The process of filling the monolithic overlap can be divided into 2 stages: spill and finish fill.

Spray

At this stage, the initial layer of concrete is poured. The leuta solution is measurable and slowly, sharp movements are unacceptable, since the formwork may be twisted because of this.

Do not pour too thick. The main task of this layer is to fill all the available cavities.

Finished Pouring "Enclose" the shovel over the entire surface. Do it smoothly and carefully. So you will delete excess air and finally fill out even the smallest cavities.

Finish fill

At this stage you need to prepare a separate solution. The recipe is the same as in the previous case. The only difference is to take less water so that the concrete turns out to be more dense.

First step. Fill the concrete layer of such a thickness so that there are about 20-30 mm before the calculated thickness of the finished monolithic plate. Leuty slowly and evenly.

The second step. Cross the fill with a shovel as in the previous part of the instruction. Leave the concrete for a couple of days and go to a further step.

Third step. Prepare a solution of 1 part of the cement and 3 parts of the sand. A large aggregate at this stage is not needed. Add water to obtain a solution of medium density.

Fourth step. Fill the slab to the end prepared at the previous step with a solution. In the process of fill, jump out the plate using the rule before receiving the perfectly smooth surface.

On this, the fill of the monolithic overlap is completed. You will only stay for some time to follow the condition of the fill so that concrete is frozen and gained strength without unnecessary problems.

Caring for concrete after fill

In the process of pouring concrete, a large amount of heat will be released, under the influence of which the intensive evaporation of moisture will begin. The lack of moisture will lead to climbing concrete. Therefore, during the first few days after the fill, you will need to regularly make the plate with water.

You can pour water buckets (2-3 buckets for entering) or through a spray hose. You can pre-lay old rags on the raid concrete (better - burlap) and pour water on them. In the heat, polished concrete cover with polyethylene, because Because of too fast drying, the stove can be covered with cracks.

Formwork can be removed by about 10 days after the last wetting. In general, the slab will gain strength of 3-5 weeks. After this period, it will be possible to move to the fulfillment of further planned construction work.

Thus, it is possible to equip the monolithic overlap. At the same time, money for the arrangement of the necessary designs you will spend much less than in the case of buying finished plates of factory manufacture. Follow the instructions and everything will work.

Good job!

Video - Monolithic overlap with her own hands

The overlap is a horizontally located design, separating rooms in height, while the upper part serves as a floor, and the bottom - the ceiling. As a material for the construction, concrete is most often used (usually reinforced), this is due to its ability to withstand permanent and time operational loads. Such overlaps are valued for reliability, durability, fire safety and considerable strength, the only drawback is their high weight. Regardless of the chosen installation technology, the process is characterized by consideration, it is difficult to carry out himself: no less than two assistants and special techniques (for lifting concrete products).

Views and requirements
Features of concrete construction
Instructions for placement

Review of varieties

According to the intended purpose, these structures are divided into:

Cod or black - placed between the basement and the first floor.
Internet.
Mansard.
Attic.

Depending on the construction technology used, such concrete floors distinguish such as: monolithic (solid) and prefabricated. The first are created by pouring the solution to the placed frame of fittings. This method does not require lifting equipment, all work can be performed independently, but for the preparation and filling of formwork concrete is better to attract assistants. In the second case, concrete slabs of the overlapping slabs are stacked on Aropoyas, most often hollow. The placement scheme is thought out in advance, as well as the type of plates, they mainly have standard dimensions (up to 7 m in length, 1.5 width, 22 cm in height). There are volatile, ribbed and monolithic structures, the latter, in order to reduce weight, are often performed from aerated concrete.

Basic overlapping requirements:

Unlike wood, concrete blocks are heavier, so they are not laid on the walls, a thickness of less than 200 mm.
When calculating the load, both the weight of the design itself and furniture and placed things are taken into account.
The overlaps are selected not only with high strength and rigidity, but also with good sound-insulating properties.
Often they build between rooms with different temperature parameters, to reduce heat loss, it is better to provide installation of minvati or other insulation in advance.
Absolutely all used for construction buildings must have fire protection properties.

Design Description

When choosing an option of fillings, the focus is on the reinstitution of overlapping, the supporting elements are metal beams (2-way, channel). Make a frame is allowed from the rods, a diameter of at least 10-12 mm, for these purposes the usual chess diagram is used in increasing 200 mm. For the fill need concrete with strength from 200, this stage of work is better to spend in one day.

There are regulatory tables to select the diameter of the reinforcement (depending on the width of the spans and the expected weight load), but taking into account the low quality of modern metal rolling it is recommended to buy material thicker at least 2 mm. At the same time, the arrangement of cells remains unchanged, it is desirable to apply one-piece pieces, as a last resort - to weld individual sections (and not to bandage with wire). Such concrete floors have no deflection and limitations in form, but to acquire sufficient reliability requires special care for the surface and the exercise of a certain period of time before a complete set of solutions.

It is harder to lay the finished reinforced plates, in which case the preliminary calculation, the selection and purchase of the material with the desired dimensions are made, the optimal scheme of their placement is thought out. Installation takes place quickly, such overlaps have high supporting abilities, commissioning is possible almost immediately. A significant limitation for independent work is the need for a lifting technique, to accommodate the reinforcing belt requires at least a consultation of specialists. The only option to lay such overlapping with your own hands (without the use of building firms) - rental crane and attracting assistants.

Concrete Panel Installation Technology

Preparatory work begins at the stage of the construction of walls: at a certain height, the laying is not fully conducted, part of the space remains for monolithic armojois. The depth of the plates depends on the thickness of the overlap, taking into account future thermal insulation, and lies in the range from 70 mm for steel structures and 120 for surfaces from porous materials. They do not enter the walls of large concrete blocks deeper than 120 mm, from bricks - by 160.

The process of filling Armopoyas resembles the foundation work: a formwork is established, inside which a durable cutting of metal should be made, then everything is filled with cement-sandy solution (without rubble). This stage is mandatory, a design is appeared on the entire perimeter of the separated room, more durable than the walls themselves, when laying the basement overlap it is easier. In the latter case, an additional formwork is simply installed on the extreme edge of the foundation, the solution consumption increases slightly.

Further, with the help of the lifting crane, concrete beams of overlappings are placed, the rough part is the top, smooth - lower. All further stages are quite performed by their own hands. There may be problems associated with block sizes, it is not always possible to overlap all the space. In this case, the slabs are folded with an indent to half the remaining free space, and the gaps obtained are filled with trunks of reinforced concrete or loaf and flooded with the same cement-sandy solution as for Armopoyasa. To simplify the clutch when the tab is allowed minor slots, but not more than 5 mm, but it is desirable to avoid them. According to the attached instructions, it is not allowed to install strongly damaged plates when erecting multi-storey buildings, but the reliability of the construction in a low-rise building small defects and cracks will not affect.

In any case, the defective elements are relying for 10 cm deeper than the whole, the defective sites are better to be placed taking into account the falling inner partitions, they are also mounted between whole panels. The question often arises: how to make concrete overlap reliable, for this purpose, experts recommend to strengthen the places of joints with metal rods (this procedure also contributes to a stronger connection with the supporting structures).

The horizontal level is monitored, the maximum allowable deviations of two adjacent surfaces are: up to 8 mm with a plate length of up to 4 m, up to 10 at medium sizes, and 12 mm - for monoliths from 8 to 16 m. The thickness of the concrete solution under the ribs should not exceed 20 mm. It is advisable to make additional thermal insulation of the ends, in particular, the sections of contact with the walls, all possible emptiness are filled. This stage is very important, when it is ignored, condensate accumulates in the cavities, rusting the reinforcement in the ceiling, the walls and ceilings are cheese.

stroitel-list.ru.

22-12-2013
8025 views

Here are some requirements that the ceiling floors must correspond:
Beam ceiling overlap
- The work will consist of several stages:
Tiled ceiling overlap
The technology of building overlapping from concrete slabs
- The work will consist of the following steps:

Construction of a residential building - an occupation is not from the lungs, especially if you want to do all the work on your own. What is there construction! Sometimes, even a simple repair, many are not under power. So if you want to repair yourself, then this review will help you with some help. If not, just contact the room repair service. There you have to help.

To build a house yourself, you need to be a skillful master for all hands. Such construction will include a plurality of stages.

For the construction of private houses, the beam overlap is preferably used, since its installation is less labor-intensive process.

Now let's turn to how to make overlapping with your own hands. At the initial stage of construction, it is necessary to determine what type there will be a ceiling overlap. After all, they are very different. From the view of the overlap will also directly depend on the method of finishing the ceiling surface.

To enhance the wooden beam, it is enough to glue a carbon fiber to the desired number of layers. Its installation is carried out on epoxy glue.

The ceiling must be as reliable as possible. That is, the carrying ability of the overlap must be sufficient to keep the entire load on the building well. This parameter is calculated to the smallest detail at the construction stage.
The ceiling must be tough. Moreover, he must have such rigidity so that no deformations arise. After all, it is pressed on it just colossal loads.
Overlap must isolate sound and heat transfer. Especially these parameters are relevant if one more room or the attic is placed above the ceiling.
Ceiling floors must ensure maximum safety for people living in the building. They should also be fire-resistant.

So we reviewed the basic requirements related to ceiling floors. Now you need to get acquainted with the types of overlaps. The most common are currently: tiled and beam.

Back to the category

Basically, the construction of private houses uses the beam overlap. For independent construction, this type is the most optimal. Therefore, it should be paid attention to it. Here are some of his features. This overlap is based on wooden beams, they relieve all the structure. In turn, the beams cling to the bearing walls. To make such overlap, you will need beams, wedges, clamps.

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Diagram of the devices of the attic floor. The gap between the ceiling and the floor of the attic is most often not insulated.

The first thing on these beams is necessarily a cross section. The distance on which it will pass depends on what width of the binding. Plus, the maximum burden on the ceiling is taken into account. If you have been chosen to build your home for the construction of your home, then you note that you need to choose a tree of wood with all severity. From it will depend on the strength of the structure. Of course, you can take any trees like coniferous and deciduous. But the material itself should be carefully considered. Before being used in construction, it must be perfectly succeeded. Tree drying period should take 3-4 months. After you choose the desired material, you can start laying. Remember that all beams should be aligned on the plane. Before laying, the material is carefully checked. There should be no cracks in the tree or any other defects. If any, then the beam will have to be replaced.
Align the beams. If the beams have a different thickness, then the scenar sawmed bosses are put under them. In no case cannot use unprocessed wedges. At the junctions of the beams necessarily clamps. Clamps can be made of metal. If there are no such, you can apply small boards whose thickness is less than 40 millimeters. It should be considered the fact that the tree is easily flammable, so when installing the overlap, follow all the requirements of fire safety. Place your planks so that the distance from them to the chimney was at least forty centimeters.
In order for the beam overlap to serve you for a long service, after laying all the material must be treated with an antiseptic agent. These features from the ceiling overlap of the beam type.

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The design of the monolithic reinforced concrete overlap.

This type of overlapping is used when multi-apartment buildings or public buildings are building. But it can be applied in private construction, for example, if you need to build a garage. Mounting such a ceiling is quite difficult. Basically because the plates are very heavy and large. Therefore, one person does not make sense to take one person. But, despite the difficulty in installation, this type of overlap has indisputable advantages. Plates do not burn on fire, they are very durable and durable. If you put them strictly according to GOST, then such a flood will give us a very flat and smooth surface that will not need to be grinding. In order to make such a overlap, you can use solid plates and those in which there is some emptiness inside. Such plates are made of concrete, there may be different gravity. For example, a concrete overlap of the slab, inside which there is an empty space, isolate the room from outside sounds and does not give warm. Such plates are mounted much easier, because they have a smaller mass. Such plates are monolithic and nationals.

http://youtu.be/_ajb8eaysrk.

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With this type of overlap, you can make the ceiling perfectly smooth. Not everyone may make the overlap, it is necessary to approach work very responsibly. In order to do such a job, we will need: concrete, fittings, stoves, insulation.

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Scheme of the design of the components of the concrete overlap.

First, you need to determine which depth will be relying the plates. Make accurate calculations can be based on the material from which the support is made. If the material has a small carrying ability, then the surface of the plate that rests on it should be greater. For example, if the stove relies on the wall of the brick, the depth of the support should be about 90 millimeters. If block walls, then 120 millimeters. If steel walls or reinforced concrete, then at least 75 millimeters.
Now you can lay the plates. Perhaps the newcomer will not be able to make the ceiling perfectly smooth. Although you can try. Usually, only professional masters differ in such a skill. And they are proud of them. It is not necessary to hope that the finish will fix uneven styling, so it is very responsible for this stage. There are some techniques that will help make styling if not perfect, then practically tolerable.

So, if we put the ground floor, then it will achieve smooth laying will be easier. First, far than the top edge. To do this, in terms of level, put the formwork so that it forms a smooth plane. This area is coated with a smooth layer of concrete. Then it is for this concrete that we will lay the plates. Everything is simple. The ceiling will be smooth and smooth. Although you have to work a little over the seams, but this work will not be any difficulty.

The advantage of a system of metal-contained beams is a pleasant design that allows you to easily lay any communications.

If you need to make a partition between the floors, then to ensure high-quality laying you need to pre-make a belt from reinforced concrete. This is usually done in areas where earthquakes often occur. This is done so. After we built a wall of the height we need, additionally make a few more rows. After that, we make a formwork from plywood or any other durable material. It is in this niche that we will pour a solution of concrete. This will make the ceiling very durable. After we have done this work, you can start laying the plates. When laying, do not forget to leave small gaps, later it will need to put the insulation.

3. Go to the warming of the ends. Reinforced concrete carries out heat much more active than walls, so it is impossible to allow it to leave the room. To do this, we need to organize insulation. To do this, insulate those parts of the wall, where it directly comes into contact with the concrete slab. It is necessary to make insulation, because in this way we will prevent condensation formation. The formation of moisture is very poorly affected by the condition of the ceiling and its appearance. After all, I do not want to see your ceiling with rusty divorces. Rusty stains are very difficult to remove. Those who struggled with them are perfectly known. These spots will be bought through layers of paint, putty or primer. Therefore, it is important to prevent their education at once.

http://youtu.be/ogpmp0_n-zi.

All these methods of erection of ceiling floors are very laborious. It is almost impossible to make such a job. Applying these methods for installing ceilings, you can significantly save on the materials if you refuse drywall. Also, you will have a living space, such a ceiling will be above 15 centimeters, so the room will be lighter and spacious.

1popotolku.ru.

How to make and pour overlaid with your own hands

When building private houses, many people seek to fulfill certain operations independently, without the involvement of specialized companies.

Cleaning device over a cesspool and drain well

And even such a complicated procedure, like concrete floors with their own hands, really produce qualitatively and on time. To fulfill such events, consumers have a number of good reasons:

Significant financial savings and reducing the cost of the entire object;
Refusal to use expensive lifting equipment (especially relevant in hard-to-reach places);
The ability to make concrete overlap, clearly suitable by architectural and engineering parameters;
Durability of systems, their fire resistance and reliability;
The lack of mounting seams minimizes finishing operations.

The technology of making concrete floors with their own hands. So, in the manufacture of concrete overlap you need to perform the following operations.

First, it is necessary to make a high-quality and reliable formwork, able to withstand a large mass of the concrete solution and not to deform at the same time. Determining the material for the formwork, it is necessary to remember that its own weight of the liquid concrete is equal to 500 kilograms per square meter, with a layer thickness 200mm.

It is best for making a formwork to use laminated fane (20mm) and wooden bars with dimensions at least 10 x 10 centimeters.

All carrier beams, riglies and formwork supports must be assembled perfectly. Dissolio or deviation of the design from the horizontal is not allowed - this may cause an increase in the consumption of construction concrete and an increase in construction work.

The formwork must be laid not only over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room, but also on its perimeter, in order to not give the capabilities of the concrete mix.

After the formwork is ready, proceed to the reinforcement of concrete overlap. To do this, it is necessary to apply fittings of the type A-III, A400, A500. The number of reinforcement rows should be at least four.

The lowest layer falls across the span on special plastic crackers with a height of 30mm. Moreover, the armature should rely on the carrying structure with the plane of contact of at least 120 mm. Next, the following reinforcement ranges along the span is stacked on the bottom layer.

The top transverse and longitudinal layer is stacked similarly. All the places of intersection of reinforcement should be fixed using a special knitting wire. The separator of the upper and lower grids can also be made from the reinforcement, its task is tightly fixing the entire structure for each other.

It should be noted that the upper point of the resulting frame must retreat from the upper face of the formwork by 25mm. The movement of the reinforcement and its diameter is calculated on the basis of the loads of the concrete overlap. As a result, a durable metal frame should be turned out, laid on the bearing walls of the room and having a good fixation, in order to pour a heavy concrete composition, it did not occur.

The next step is the immediate fill of concrete. This procedure should be performed in one approach, the entire concrete should be evenly laid throughout the formwork area. It is very important to vibrate the mixture, for a more dense shrinkage.

The supply of concrete can be carried out manually and with the help of special concrete pumps, allowing to supply a mixture to a significant height (10-12 meters). After performing concrete work, the entire stove is covered with a plastic film, to prevent natural precipitation capable of penetrating into the concrete.

Naturally, the concrete composition can be made independently by mixing cement, sand and rubble, however, the most effective option is still the acquisition of the required amount of concrete from specialized companies.

This is exactly what makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous mixture made in compliance with the entire technological process. The cycle of the complete setting of the concrete slab is about 30 days, so all this period is not recommended to remove the formwork, and the outer layer of concrete overlap must be constantly moistened with water. Upon expiration of the entire technological process, it is possible to start further construction operations (the production of the roof, the construction of the next floor and the like).

Calculation of parameters

Concrete overlap do it yourself

To get high-quality concrete overlap with your own hands, it is necessary to use concrete brand (M250-M400), which includes heavy fillers. The Class of Frost resistance must be not less than F50 (the number of cycles of freezing and defrosting the concrete slab). Concrete slabs of overlappings are very responsible structures, so it is recommended to make a thorough calculation of these products. To carry out the settlement operations, it is recommended to compare two basic parameters:

The length of the span is 2 meters - diameter of 110 millimeters;

The length of the span is 2.5 meters - diameter of 130 millimeters;

The length of the span is 3 meters - diameter of 140 millimeters;

The length of the span is 3.5 meters - diameter of 160 millimeters;

The length of the span is 4 meters - diameter of 170 millimeters;

The length of the span is 4.5 meters - the diameter of 190 millimeters;

The length of the span is 5 meters - diameter 200 millimeters;

The length of the span is 5.5 meters - diameter of 210 millimeters;

The length of the span is 6 meters - diameter of 230 millimeters;

Now we learn the diameter if the overlap step is exactly one meter:

The length of the span is 2 meters - diameter of 130 millimeters;
The length of the span is 2.5 meters - a diameter of 150 millimeters;
The length of the span is 3 meters - diameter of 170 millimeters;
The length of the span is 3.5 meters - diameter of 190 millimeters;
The length of the span is 4 meters - diameter 210 millimeters;
The length of the span is 4.5 meters - diameter of 220 millimeters;
The length of the span is 5 meters - diameter of 240 millimeters;
The length of the span is 5.5 meters - the diameter of 250 millimeters;
The length of the span is 6 meters - diameter of 270 millimeters;

The optimal span is considered to be a span, which has a length of 2.5 to 4 meters.

So, when with a cross section of beams or a log diameter, it was decided to start the design.

First, any waterproofing material is applied to the ends of beams, for example, rubberoid. Watch out only two layers. However, the end of the beam does not need to cover anything, otherwise the beam simply rotates.

The beams need to be laid on the wall with the smallest drift in 15 centimeters. As a rule, beams are stacked in specially painted niches in the wall. Depth of such a niche should be at least 17 centimeters. 15 To put the beam itself and two that the free distance is left between the beam and the wall, and otherwise the beam can be contlected if it is not left.

The beams are stacked with a step that was taken as the basis for calculating the sections of the beam.

So, after complete fastening the beams, you need to make a doom. Clamps should be used with a minimum thickness of 25 millimeters.

The boards must be processed so that all the sides are very smooth, since there should be no cracks when laying.

After the boards are nailed to put the insulating material between the bar. Mineral wool can be used as such a material. You can simply make the stacking.

First, the boards are tightly tight construction paper. Further roll up insulating material. Then you can put any fabric to the top and press the rails.

If the overlap of the inter-storey, then the boards are stuffed from above, which will serve as the basis for the floor of the second floor.

Polyfoam can be used as insulating material. However, its main disadvantage can be considered that it does not breathe, that is, does not let the air. This leads to rotting boards and beams.

Ceramzit can become the third insulating material. Its main disadvantage can be considered its own weight. Under the flooring of the clay, you make the overlap is even harder, in addition, the ceramzite overlapping itself will create an additional load of about 350 kilograms per square meter of overlap.

After all this, it is still necessary to make waterproofing all overlap. In this case, any polyethylene film can be used.

yegorka.com.

How to make concrete overlap

Overlappings are one of the most important elements of the house design. They connect the basement with the room, the first floor with the second, the roof with the house, etc. How to make concrete overlap for home with your own hands?

There are several types of concrete floors: monolithic, special-platoon, prefab, filigree. For a private house, concrete overlap to make a better companion desk. It has a smaller weight than monolithic, and it is easier. Or you can use ready-made slabs for the precast floor. Longitudinal voids in the stoves allow you to reduce the weight of the products.

1) Folk crafts offer several ways to perform overlaps. The easiest - pour concrete right on the wooden flooring. It turns out the monolithic overlap. True, beams need to be replaced with metal. You still need to install the reinforcement, the ends of which should be located on the bearing walls of the house. The armature is laid out in the form of a grid, in the intersection is fastened with wire. Such a flora should be the same throughout the area, about 10 cm thick. For the pouring of concrete, it will be necessary for those weeks.

2) Another way to make concrete overlap for the house. First we make a formwork from 25-mm Tesa. Runs to do at a distance of 50-70 cm. Then we laid waterproofing on the formwork, for example, a polyethylene film or rubberoid. It is advisable to fix the film by the stapler. Now we put the concrete, align it. Top is better to cover the film so that he fuses gradually and did not crack.

3) The frame is welded from the metal, the reinforcement grid is stacked. The overlap itself relies on the bearing walls and inner partitions. Then the concrete is poured, be sure at once. For a good shrinkage of concrete, you need to tap on the formwork.

4) Sometimes professional flooring is used to perform overlaps. It is used as a non-removable formwork. At the same time, concrete is reliably protected from external stimuli. But in this case, do not do without the use of reinforcement, the formwork from the corrugated floor is placed on reinforcing beams.

5) To make concrete overlap you can use flat monolithic plates. It is better to take a small slab so that several people can raise them up. For large plates will have to use the technique.

6) With the help of the professional sheet, you can make the slab overlap with their own hands. Filling formwork from the professional leaf is made on Earth. Do not forget to conclude a hook in the stove, with which then lift the plates with the jack.

7) Excellent material for overlapping - polystyrene bauton. Plates from this material have a small weight, not inferior by strength to reinforced concrete slabs. Not worse they have acoustic qualities, thermal characteristics and other physical signs.

All of the methods of performing concrete floors listed by us are quite accessible to any home owner. It is only important to know the properties of concrete, the rules for its fill, the conditions for high-quality drying. This is one of the most affordable materials for overlap.

During the construction of buildings from two or more floors, an integral part of the work carried out is the installation of the slabs of the overlap. Most often, of course, the PC overlapping slabs made in the factory conditions are used, which after the fill of the armplois are based on it. However, in some cases, preference still has to be given to the fulfillment of all the works with their own hands.

There are cases when it is impossible to use ready-made factory plates. For example, if the construction has non-standard sizes or shape and cutting slabs of the ceiling will not fully cover the entire required area. Then the only option will remain the fill with your own hands.

If due to the limited sizes of the construction site or difficulties in order to drive up to it, the use of the lifting crane is unreal - then you can also pour the slab to pour itself.

The advantage of work with your own hands

Although the performance of such work is a time-consuming process, however, it has a number of advantages, thanks to which, even having the opportunity to use factory plates. Some still prefer to make the slab overlap with their own hands.

Benefits of manufacture with your own hands:

Monolithic flora structure, no seams, joints. Due to this, the load is evenly distributed to the entire stove, the walls of the building, as well as the foundation.
The possibility of non-standard planning at home. The fill of the plates independently allows not to adjust the size of the house and layout under the size of the factory products.
No need to use heavy machinery.
The ability to significantly reduce the costs performing most of the work personally.
There is no need to fill armorament, in the case of the use of factory reinforced concrete, you need a belt under the slab of the overlap.

Installing formwork

There are two versions of the horizontal formwork: rental of plastic or metal formwork, as well as work on the installation of formwork under the stove independently.

Works begin with the installation of vertical racks, which will rely on the entire design and monolithic slab overlap. Such racks can be rented or b / y. They are good because their height can be adjusted and can be used for any height of the overlap. The distance between the racks should be about a meter. On the racks it is necessary to arrange a longitudinal bar, which will support the entire design.

Next follows the installation of the frame. To do this, it is necessary to use a timing segment 15 * 5 cm. The framework is constructed around the perimeter of the building, and to ensure greater reliability, transverse bars are additionally placed. Each next transverse beam is mounted at a distance of about 70 cm from the previous one.

Cooking the surface for fill

After the framework of the frame, it is necessary to prepare the surface for the fill. To do this, boards or plywood are stacked on the frame (the first option is cheaper, but thanks to the second, you can achieve a smooth surface of the ceiling of the lower floor). These boards should close to the wall so that there are no cracks. After that, it is necessary with the help of support racks to align the surface in the level so that the topwork tops make surely coincide with the edge of the walls laid out of the brick or foam block.

Next is mounted vertical part of the formwork. At the same time, it must be remembered that the stove should go for a certain distance to the wrapped wall. In order for the formwork boards after removal can be used for other purposes, it is better to be closed with a plastic film.

Apply reinforcement

If factory products are used for overlapping, then Armopoya arrangement is mandatory for buildings from blocks. The reason for this is the fact that under the weight of the plates due to an uneven shrinkage of the building in the future may go serious cracks in the walls. The reinforced belt in this case will ensure that all the plates mass will be evenly distributed on the walls of the structure. The Armopoyea device is similar to a ribbon foundation, which is supported by the wall of the building.

However, if you fill over the slab of the overlap, the resulting monolith will evenly distribute the load on the walls and protects from the formation of cracks. Therefore, the need to build Armopoyas when performing work with their own hands disappears.

How to reinforce monolithic overlaps? To do this, it is necessary to use steel reinforcement with a diameter of 10-14 mm. For reliability, concrete reinforce with two grids: one is located at the bottom of the platform pliable, the other is at the top. The reinforcement frame must be with a width of the cell or 15, or 20 cm. For small grid buildings with a cell 20 * 20 cm, it will be quite enough.

If the length of the reinforcement rods are not enough to fully cover all the distance of the overlap, then the rods should be placed on 40 cm. It is also desirable that each next row has an armature joint at the other end of the overlap. After laying all the reinforcement, it must be associated with knitting wire.

The grid should go to the walls of the building at least 15 cm (if brick walls) or 25 cm (for walls from aerated concrete). Since when pouring the slab independently armolation is not provided, it is very important that the fittings enter the walls. The bottom grid must be raised by 2-2.5 cm above the lower level of overlap. The upper mesh is located at the same distance from the top of the platform flooded.

During the preparation of the site to the pouring concrete, it is important not to forget about the cavities for laying wiring and communications.

Upon completion of the work with the reinforcement of the slab follows the concreting of overlapping.

Pouring concrete

For concreting, the plates best use the concrete ordered at the factory. This will help save time and strength, and will also provide uniformity of the coagitors and increase the strength indicators. If the overlap is poured quickly and evenly, and this is achieved with a concrete pump, the solution does not begin early and, due to this, the overlap can be called monolith.

Also for compaction of concrete you need to use a deep vibrator. It must be used until concrete ceases to settle and allocate air bubbles does not stop.

In order to completely fill all the cracks before filling the overlap concrete, the pouring is filled first. It is performed fine and a little liquid layer. When this layer is lost and evenly distribute, you can begin the pouring of the main layer.

Features for work

Some advise not to pour to the edge of centimeter 2, and then in a few days when concrete grabbed, with the help of lighthouses, fill the remaining space with a liquid solution. This will allow to achieve evenness and smoothness of the inter-storey overlap. For these purposes, you can also use self-leveling floors.

If the slab overlap is made with their own hands in winter, then the concrete must contain antiorrosal additives. However, it is worth remembering that they influence the time of breeding concrete strength. Therefore, it is definitely a good time for self-filling the slab overlap is the warm season.

The process of frozen concrete

After the overlap is flooded with concrete solution, it is impossible to say that all the works are completed and you can simply wait when the slab will type its strength. The process of solidification of the solution is inextricably linked with the evaporation of moisture, and this leads to the appearance of cracks in concrete. In view of this, at first after the fill, you need to regularly water with water. It is best to use water hose in this case, because to raise a bucket for a bucket at the height of the second floor is ungrateful.

If the concrete dries in sultry weather, watering water will not be enough, you need to cover the plate with polyethylene.

After the concrete froze, you need to remove the entire formwork. The fact that this process is not so difficult to take care of the design of the structure. If all the boards were covered with polyethylene, they can be used later.

As can be seen, if you wish, the ceiling slab can be made with your own hands. And although this process is a time-consuming and long-term, but the stove strength is worth these efforts.

During the construction of the house with their own hands, each person faces the need to make, which will be found on each floor from the base to the attic.

There are three options for such floors, each of which has its own nuances:

tree (round and timber);
plates (reinforced concrete and void);
monolith (full and metal beams).

The most difficult and expensive is the monolithic overlap, because It takes a lot of time (about a month), money and work. However, ultimately, the design justifies itself to all 100, because It is most durable, has the best insulating properties, and also almost never requires even cosmetic repair.

In order to make a monolithic overlap, it is necessary to determine in advance exactly what kind of type will you like, because They have weighty differences in all respects.

Differences will include reinforcement, concrete (thickness) supporting the system and preparation time.

Full monolith will cost much more expensive, it will take much more strength and time for its structure, but the design will simply have a century. The thickness of the concrete in it will be twice the same characteristic of the fellow. But this option is not suitable for each floor. For example, there is no point in putting it at the level of the ground floor, because Concrete will be poured just like that.

If inter-fitted floors are installed on iron beams, each of them will be twice as thinter, but its second half will be compensated by the strength of the metal. In this case, the design does not speed up less than the previous one, but it will be much easier to create something much easier. This type will suit any modern design. In addition, concrete, reinforcing rod and plywood leaves much smaller.

Preparation for work

a3 sheet;
pencil with eraser;
plywood laminated;
hammer with nails;
tol;
supporting system (wooden beams 100 * 100 and metal struts from 2 mm thick).

This overlap of concrete is set exclusively as reinforced concrete plates between the first and second floors, but not at the level of the ground floor or attic. The fact is that at the level of the basement it does not make sense, and when installing above the second floor it will be excessively heavy. But in order for the results of the work to be high quality, the order and a clear sequence in each step should be observed.

Drawing up a work plan. At this stage, a device of a future point of action is evaporated, all carrier walls are determined and a selection of materials is made. But, as a rule, a set standard, and everything is calculated so that you can procure in advance. For the perimeter of the place of action, take the outside of the floor wall, because The overlap must be firmly lying on its base. Do not allow deviations, because They may pour out insufficient strength when concrete will already be flooded. Concrete should always take one brand and in no case should not interfere with it. This rule does not depend on the level.
Production of formwork. In its manufacture, first of all, it should be considered that the device of all joints should be perfect. Each MM should be in a horizontal plane. The side shields will rise by 0.3 m above the formwork. In no case do not be to nail the side shields to the rib part of the pallet, because A solution of concrete under pressure can snatch them and have all the work. All fasteners occur exclusively in the vertical part of the stove.
At this stage, a supporting system consisting of wooden beams and metal struts, which, if desired, can be interchangeable. Wooden beams are stacked at the rate of 1 pcs per 1 m², while the struts are 1 pcs on 2 m². With this ratio, you can not be afraid that the overlap will collapse. Do not forget that the pressure on each of them will be about 500 kg, and at the time of the fill and is more (due to the energy of the impact when concrete fall). After the entire system is installed, you should go to each individual beam and to check it again for stability. After that, it is necessary to climb to the formwork and take a firm step on it. There should be no reaction as if it were a walk along the street. If they felt deviations, then you need to find them and remake, otherwise the concrete will try my way down.
If everything is fine, you can start the last part of the preparation. Waterproofing is carried out in two ways: with roofing or plastic film. The material is lined up on the formwork, rolls and presses something massive so that he does not just flew away, but did not even change his shape. Under the concrete is better to use only, because It has large strength and insulating parameters.

Reinforcement plate

rod reinforcing A500C;
soft wire;
roulette.

At this stage, work on reinforcement will be carried out.

The first thing should be deciding with the reinforcing rod. It must be strong enough, but not have an overly high weight so that reinforced concrete structures have been kept at height. The optimal option is A500C. When calculating, it should be borne in mind that a double case is stacked, which significantly increases the cost of material. It is produced as follows: the rods of the wall to the wall are laid in parallel with the increments of exactly 0.5 m, after which they are placed perpendicular to the exact same level of rods. Each of their intersection is associated with a soft wire tightly. The work is very long, but necessary.
After the first lamp is completed, the second one is done in the same way, but it is not necessary to connect them with each other. It is also worth remembering that each of them has a level. The lower should be 25 mm above the formwork level, and the top is exactly the same below the top folder of the fill. To do this, an improvised brackets that will be installed in the amount of 1 pcs on 4 m² should be taken from the same rod, and all reinforcement will be sent.
As soon as the installation is fully completed, you can proceed to testing. The process will not take much time, but it will be necessary to check each rod to stability, and then shake all reinforcement. If nothing moved, we can assume that the work is made on conscience, but if deviations manifested themselves, they should be immediately eliminated and only then start pouring concrete.

Concrete Pouring for Plate

concrete grade 400 and above;
car hose;
supporting system (wooden beams 100 * 100 and metal struts from 2 mm thick);
tol;
shovel Soviet;
shovel bayonet;
polyethylene film;
water;

Before starting the fill, remember that the concrete should not even begin to harvest himself, because For the plate 10 * 10, it will take 28.5 m³, and it will be made it with your own hands for the day it will be difficult even a whole brigade of builders. Here, autocheers with a hose for applying concrete are called to the rescue. When ordering, you should find out in advance what the volume of the drum (most often it is 8-9 m³). With this knowledge you will easily calculate the amount of the required material.
For this stage, it may be necessary to assist 1-2 people. In this case, the fill will occur quickly and without stopping. During the fill of the floor, one person should continuously move along the formwork and direct on the different sides of the concrete. This is required in order to make pressure on the formwork uniform. If there are no helpers, then it will have to stop the process of fill from time to time and it is for a shovel. Each layer should be praised to release the audience air. It will make it extremely positively on the quality of the plate. The lowest level should be praised extremely carefully, otherwise it is possible to damage the waterproofing material. During the process it will be great to interfere, because He will have to constantly stop so as not to stumble.
When concrete is flooded, you should cover with a polyethylene film and leave so 27-29 days. Within half of this time, we should not forget about wetting the plates with water, so that it could fully gain its strength.
After the specified time expires, the supporting system is removed, polyethylene is removed, and a formwork is dismantled with crowbar. As a result, it turns out the perfectly smooth surface from the bottom side and slightly uneven from above. This is fixed later directly at. With the right approach, such reinforced concrete slabs will not have a single deviation.

Montolithic installation technology

beams (bays);
concrete grade 400 and above;
plywood laminated 20 mm and thicker;
roulette;
rod reinforcing A500C;
soft wire;
roulette;
car hose;
shovel Soviet;
shovel bayonet;
polyethylene film;
water;
hammer with nails.

This technology allows you to install the slab not only between 1 and 2 floors, but on top of the basement floor. It is easier and thinner, but no longer possesses the most strength parameters, although it has a number of other advantages. Partially scheme will be similar.

In this case, the first thing will be installed not to formube under concrete, but beams. They are mounted if possible through the narrow parts of the room, if it is not square. When installing, it should be borne in mind that an average length of one beam is 6-8 m, and this may create significant discomfort, if not admonish a predetermined carrier partition. Each subsequent foreign technical technology prescribes to position from the previous one at a distance of 1 m.
A formwork is installed on the beams, the height of which is not 0.3 m, and 0.15-0.2 m. It is due to the fact that at this stage there is already a basic carrier design.
The second difference will be a supporting system of the future floor, which is now 1.5 times less, i.e. For every 1.5 m one wooden beam, and 3 m is one metal strut.
The third substantial difference is reinforcement. The reinforcement lies with only one clamp exactly in the center. All links occur in the same way.
Next, everything is completed similarly to full-fledged monolith, regardless of whether it will be the level of the fourth floor or base. It is important to pour concrete carefully, because Even despite the fact that the future has been strengthened by bodies, the flow of concrete can break out.

Beams can be used for their personal purposes - wiring, niches or anything else, where place may be required. It is convenient to sow them from the bottom with plasterboard, because Basically they are on the same level and the guide profile will no longer be required. Under the condition of the basement of the ground floor, it is best to carry out the lighting, which will perfectly fit into these conditions.

Methods for calculating the device

The volume of concrete is considered the easiest - area * height-5% (reinforcement). For the slab installed on the beam, the formula is completely similar. According to the results of 100 * 0.3-5% \u003d 28.5 m³. Based on the average automories - 4 pcs. The very same concrete solution is mixed in the ratio of 1 part of the concrete, 3 parts of the sand and so much water as needed.

The beams calculate more difficult than concrete, because Often they have to be allowed. But if you approach the calculation relatively rude and imagine that the joints turned out with zero losses, but an additional twist beyond the structure of the structure, it is ideal for 6 m. In this case, it turns out that it is necessary to calculate the teams of double beams, then the formula will be released 10 * 6 * 2 \u003d 120 m (10 beams, each of which consists of two to 6 m).

Modern technologies allow you to calculate the device plate from concrete until the last nail. So, in the manufacture of formwork, nails are poured pairwise every 0.5 m throughout the perimeter. Vertical formwork has only 0.3 m, but, nevertheless, there will be additional strength for this place, which will be driven by 2 pairs in each edge. Total on the construction of formwork for one floor it will take 40 * 2 * 2 + 4 * 4 \u003d 176 pcs.

Typology of buildings and scope of application

non-standard building plan;
the need to significantly increase the carrier ability of the overlap;
increased requirements for hydro and noise insulation;
the need to provide free layout;
reduction of expenditures on the internal finish.

Project Calculations of the Bearing Design

Calculation of the reinforcement of the monolithic plate

In private construction, reinforced concrete is strengthened with reinforcement with a periodic Class A400 profile, it is the A-III.

The diameter of the rod in the stoves thickness:

up to 150 mm - at least 10-12 mm;
from 150 to 250 mm - at least 12-14 mm;
from 250 to 400 mm - at least 14-16 mm.

Installation of formwork of different types

The formwork must withstand the load of 500-1100 kg / m 2, including the dynamic effect of incident concrete. To create a formwork plane can be used:

Plastic sheets of a multi-forming formwork.
Moisture-resistant plywood with a thickness of 17-23 mm.
OSP thick 20-26 mm.

The edges of the plates should fit tightly to the walls, it is not allowed to use formwork with gaps at the junctions of more than 2 mm, if it is not planned to be stamped with a waterproofing film.

190-240 cm with plywood thickness up to 20 mm;
210-260 cm with plywood thickness from 21cm.

At the same time, the distance between the racks of one beam, depending on the interval between them, is:

from 140 to 200 cm when spanging up to 150 cm;
from 120 to 180 cm with a span 160-210 cm;
from 100 to 140 cm with a span 210-250 cm.

Reinforcement and strapping

Pouring concrete

Further actions

Preparation for work
Stages of fill of the monolithic floating plate
Summing up the work on the installation of the slab

When building a private house, each person faces a number of difficulties that have to overcome.

To date, the monolithic overlap is the best way when performing a partition between the floors of the house under construction.

One of the biggest difficulties is the fill of the monolithic slab overlap after the construction of the first floor.

For monolithic overlap, it is necessary to first install the formwork.

There are, of course, alternative options, but the plates do not differ in durability, and the tree - durability. This is what serves as a weighty argument towards a more expensive and painstaking version of the work itself.

In average, the actual time of manufacture - 40 days, 30 of which are passive and 10 are active. But if several people work simultaneously, then the active period of filling the plate can shrink the day by 3-4. In the works of this kind, it is necessary to clearly follow the step-by-step plan of action and not deviate from it for a day - this will save time and money.

Preparation for work

a3 sheet;
pencil and eraser;
line;
roulette;
plywood laminated 20 mm or thicker;
nails are not shorter than 50 mm;
a hammer;
supporting system - metal struts, wooden beams are not less than 100 * 100;
tol or polyethylene.

To begin with, it is necessary to prepare on all fronts to work and purchase everything you need, and what is already there, get from the store.

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