Present Perfect with incorrect. What did we know? When the fact that the action completed with a certain result, but does not matter exact time when it was

Present Perfect. - This perfect time.

Main problem for understanding Present Perfect. - The fact that it is often confused with Past Indefinite (Past Simple). After all, we are talking about the action that happened, i.e. From the point of view of the Russian language, it refers to the past. What is the difference with PAST INDEFINITE? After all, this is also the past time?

The fact of the matter is that not too. In English Present Perfect. - this is not the past, and present. With it, there is always some information about the present, there is a connection with the present.

If we are talking about the present, on the result for the present, and not about the past, then you need to use Present Perfect.. And if we are talking about the past, that it has already passed that it has completed in the past and has no connection with the present, then you need to apply Past Indefinite.

There are two keys to understanding the time. Present Perfect.. The first - communication with present, and second - the importance of the action of action For the present, not the time of action in the past.

This is the difference between PRESENT PERFECT from Past Indefinite.

Present Perfect. Used if the action has completed to date, it has just ended. And although the action refers to the past, the main thing is that it has a connection with the present. The action refers to the past, and the result is to the present.

Signs Present Perfect. are words: never (never), ever (ever), often. (often), just. (just), already (already), yet. (yet), always (always), seldom. (rarely), etc.

Example

I'Ve Just Finished My Work. - I just finished work.
Those. I finished work, the action was accomplished, it is in the past, but I finished work justThe action has completed to date, therefore there is a connection with the present.

Present Perfect education

Present Perfect. formed using auxiliary verb to have / has and the third form of the semantic verb (PAST PARTICIPLE). The third form of the right verbs is formed using the end - eD, and for incorrect see. Irregular Verbs .

Abbreviated forms
I have \u003d I'VE
HE HAS \u003d HE'S
I Haven't \u003d I Haven't
HE HAS NOT \u003d HE HASN'T

Present PERFECT

1. The action occurred indefinitely in the past (important is not time, and the result)

The response time is not specified. We do not know exactly when the action happened, or time does not matter. The action happened in the past at all, no matter when. It is important not the time of action, and its result.

We think not about the past of action, but about his result for the present.

Examples

I'Ve Seen This Movie. - I saw this movie.
Those. I saw this film at all, no matter when. Only the result is important for the present.

Mike Has Travelled a lot. - Mike traveled a lot.
Mike traveled a lot in general, unknown when.

I SAW This Movie When I Was a Child. - I saw this film when I was a child. The action refers to the period that ended in the past, because now I'm not a child. Therefore, Past Indefinite is used here.

Mike Travelled A Lot From 1990 to 1995. - Mike traveled a lot from 1990 to 1995. And here the action period ended in the past. Therefore, Past Indefinite is also used here.

In question deals like When ..? What time ...? Past Indefinite is used, and not Present Perfect, because time is important here (when? What time?), not the result.

Examples
WHEN DID SHE COME? - When did she come?
What Time Did The LEAVE? - What time did they go?

But if the result is important (she came? They left?), Then used Present Perfect..

Examples
HAS SHE COME? - She came?
Have the left? - They left?

2. The action began in the past, continues in the present and can continue in the future.

In this case, words can be used since (since) and for (during).

Examples

We Have Lived In Kiev Since 1985. - We live in Kiev since 1985.
Those. We started living in Kiev in 1985, we continue to live and maybe we will live further.

She Has Been My Teacher of Music for Many Years. - She was my music teacher for many years.
Those. She was, and maybe there will be on my music teacher!

Differences Present Perfect from Past Indefinite (Past Simple)

Past Indefinite is used to describe the action that ended in the past and has no connection with the present.

We Lived in Kiev Until 1985. - We lived in Kiev until 1985.
Those. We lived until 1985, and do not live anymore. The action is fully refer to the past.

3. The time of completed action is determined by the words JUST (just), Already (already), YET (more)

Here is an explicit connection with the present: just already, more!

Examples

I've just. Written a letter. - I just wrote a letter.
He Has. already Arrived. - He was already arriving.
THE SHOW HAS NOT BEGUN yet.. - The show has not yet begun.

4. The action was made in the period that has not yet ended.

A period that has not yet ended, maybe: today. (Today), this Morning. (this morning), this Week (this week), this Month. (this month), this year. (This year), etc., and even a whole life!

The period that ended: yesterday (yesterday), last Week. (last week), last Month. (last month), last Year. (last year), etc. And even, for example, this Morning.If the morning has already ended, and the day came!

Examples

Mary Has Called Her Son This Morning. - Mary called his son in the morning.
Morning has not yet ended, it means that the period of action continues. Therefore, there is a connection with the present.

I Have Never Been to China. - I have never been to China.
Have You. ever Been to australia? - Have you ever been to Australia?

Here it would be possible to add - never (or ever) in my life! I have never been in China ever in life. The period of action (in this example - life) has not yet ended.

Differences Press Perfect from Past Indefinite

PAST INDEFINITE: The action happened during the period of time that ended. For example, yesterday (yesterday), last Week. (last week), last Month. (last month), last Year. (Last year).

Examples

I'Ve Had A Cup of Tea This Morning. - I drank a cup of tea in the morning.
Those. Morning has not yet ended, it continues, so we use Present Perfect.

But if the morning has already ended (after 12:00), and the day came, the situation has changed dramatically:

I HAD A CUP OF TEA THIS MORNING. - I drank a cup of tea in the morning.
Everything, morning ended, and I had to use PAST INDEFINITE!
And this is despite the fact that the morning, and the cup of tea remained the same.

5. Description of the events of the recent past

Typically, the words are used. recently. (recently), lately (Recently, lately).

Examples

HE HAS COME Back Recently. - He returned recently.
I'm Worked Hard Lately. - Recently, I worked a lot.

The recent past is the recent thing that has a connection with the present. In fact, this means that the period of time has not yet ended (see clause 4).

6. The action takes place in the first (second, third, etc.) times

Examples

IT'S The First Time I'Ve Been Here. - I'm here for the first time.
It's The First Time I'Ve Done IT. - I do it for the first time.
It's The First Time I'Ve Driven A Car. - I lead the car for the first time.
IT's The Third Time She's Called Him This Morning. - She calls him this morning for the third time.

Attention! Not i do, but I'Ve Done!

Note

Pay attention to the difference in the consumption of verbs gone and been.

He lived, was Jack. And I decided to go to France.

Jack Has. gone to France. - Jack went to France.
Those. Jack is now going to France or is there.

But then Jack returned, and now he is again in his homeland.
It means:

Jack Has. been to France. - Jack was in France.
He was there, now there is no longer there.

a) Present Perfect is used when describing the event that occurred in the past and is relevant, significant, meaningful at the time of speech about him. It does not matter when this action happened. Present Perfect is often used with the ads of Lately (recently), and Just (just), Already (already) Never (Never), Ever (ever), YET (more).
Example: I Have Forgotten His Name. - I forgot his name (and I do not remember at the moment)

b) Present Perfect is used when the action has already accomplished, but the period of time when it happened is not yet expired.
Example: I Have Met Him Today. - I saw him today. ("Today" has not yet expired) He Has Bought a New Car This Year. - He bought a new car this year ("This year" is not still expired)

Education of narrative offers in Present Perfect: Form with the help of the forms of the auxiliary verb to Have. (Have; HAS)

Forms of the current verb to have:

I.	have
we.	have
they	have
you.	have
he.	has.
she.	has.
iT.	has.

The order of words in the narrative offer: Personal than + Have / Has + failed with the end -ed or if the verb is incorrect, then the 3rd form of the verb.
Examples: SHE HAS ALREADY COME. - She has already come. I Have Just Visited This Supermarket. - I just visited this supermarket.

Education of question offers in Present Perfect: Are formed using auxiliary verb to have in the forms of this time -Have; Has.piece words in a special question: Question word + Have / HAS + subject + fabricated with end -ed or 3rd form of incorrect verb.
Examples: What Have You Done? - What did you do? Has He Brought This Book? - He brought this book?

Education of negative offers in Present Perfect: The formation of negative sentences occurs with the same auxiliary verbs. After auxiliary verb, the notot particle is put.
Examples: SHE HAS NOT (HASN'T) Come Yet. - She has not come yet. I Haven't (Haven't) SEEN HIM. - I have not seen him.

PRESENT PERFECT with Past Simple should not be confused. Using Past Simple, usually use one of the pointers of this time, indicating at the time when the event occurred.
Example: He Saw Her Yesterday. - He saw her yesterday.

Using Present Perfect, use some of the Present Perfect - Lately pointers (recently), and Just (just), Already (already) Never (Never), Ever (ever), YET (more). Speaking of action that has already happened, we can not use any pointers at all. If this action or event is relevant at the moment, then Present Perfect is used. Example: I Have BoughT IT. - I bought it.

All the above viewed forms are shown here in a valid pledge.

Today in our article we will look at how to use the verb time in Present Perfect, the rules for the formation of this grammatical form, examples of use and much more. It must be said that this is one of the most difficult times used in English. Indicates someone's action that occurred to be (started) in the past, but at the same time relative to the moment of time. That is, you can observe the result of this action in the present.

Present Perfect: Formation Rules

Present Perfect is formed as follows:

I / We / You / She / He / IT + Have or HAS + PAST Participle

Means last time). For the so-called "right" verbs (they, as we remember, most) can be obtained by adding the end of the "-ed" at the very end of the word. For the "wrong" verbs, this method is not suitable, their past form should be learned by heart. Please note that HAVE and HAS glasses are usually reduced to 've and' s, see:

In the event of a denial, you should use Have Not or Has Not, briefly get a haven't / hasn't.

Present Perfect: Apply right

Beginner students are often difficult to understand when the Present Perfect time should be applied, because it is often confused, for example, with Past Simple. Carefully read this section, here we will look at the time of Present Perfect very detail, the rules for its use:

Present Perfect is used when it comes to actions, the beginning of which was in the past, but, nevertheless, they continue until now. Often, these offers are found words "for" and "since":

This Old Beautiful Building Has Stood on This Square for Three Hundred Fifty Years is an old beautiful building stood (and, in fact, continues to stand) on this area for 350 years.

I'm Starving. I Haven't Eaten Since Lunch - I'm incredibly hungry. I did not eat anything from the lunch itself.

Maria Has Been to London Once, But She Would Like To Travel There Again - Mary Once upon a time already in London, but she would like to go there again.

This past time is used with these phrases: this year / day / week / month, recently, ever, eet. It can be seen that the period of time is not defined, but it is closely related to the present. For instance:

Have the Heard from John Recently? - Did they hear anything about the brand lately?

I've Been In A Lot of Places Last Few Weeks - Over the past few weeks, I have visited a lot.

I'Ve Had Five Cups of Green Tea Today - I drank for today 5 cups of green tea

As for the time of Present Perfect: the rules of its use are distributed to those situations where we can already see the result of any action. For example:

The Earthquake Has Destroyed The Industry In The Whole Region - the earthquake destroyed the industry of the whole area (as a result, and now the region still has problems with industrial production).

Present Perfect is a brief and most common name of the time of the use of which we just considered. We hope that our article helped you figure out this difficult grammatical topic. And remember - everything is known in practice, that is, the more you make exercises on the consolidation of the use of this perfect time, the less errors in the future you will be performed. We also note that Present Perfect is quite simple to use the time compared, for example, with the rules of which are also implied by both the formation of a complex design (have or has been + verb-ing) and consumption in cases where the action began in the past, But at the same time, it has not yet ended and, moreover, it continues until now. One way or another, only practice will help you master the English language at a sufficient level to speak and write clearly and competently.

Any times of PERFECT categories indicate the performance of the action that the situation is complete, not long or constant. As for the Present Perfect Tense - 'this time, which is definitely due to the present action, as evidenced by its name.

general information

The main feature of such a viewed form is that the proposal with Present Perfect is about completed action, the result of which has a direct connection with the current time. Very often, the time where the accent is in touch with the present is just not, and is at the heart of the event that occurred.

Here are examples of proposals, where it is shown as it looks like and consistently used in English:

· You have Done More Than Stay Young; You have stayed a child - you did more than just staying young - you remained a kid
· I Have Made You A Bed Upstairs, make yourself at home - I'm biting you upstairs, feel at home

As can be seen from these examples, the present Perfect Tens, as it is called in Russian transcription, is used to express not just events that took place in the past, but reflecting the result of the perfect action, current now.

Present Perfect education

This completed time often gives the difficulty to those who are still at the stage of studying English, because several nuances are immediately entering into force, which is extremely important to take into account. First, Present Perfect is formed necessarily using auxiliary verbs. These are such auxiliary verbs, like Have and Has (the latter is used only for third-party pronouns used in the singular - He, She, IT). Secondly, this verb at this verbal time follows the main verb, which stands in the form of Past Participle, or Participle II (the people - the third form of the verb). It is important to navigate in the list of wrong verbs, and everything is easier for the correct, because it is simply added to the word -ed.

Therefore, the classical Present Perfect formula looks like this:

Have
HAS + V (3) (-ED)

· I have Never Had a Chance to Meet Anyone Here - I have never had the opportunity to meet anyone here
· She had worked in this company for 3 years old - She worked in this company for 3 years

Questions and denials

Questions

here are formed with the same auxiliary verbs of Have and HAS, which are generally a question, that is, in the answer to which there may be "yes" or "no", stand in the original position:

· Have you already finished Your Course Work? - Have you already finished your course work?
· Has He Just Returned From His Trip? - He just returned from his journey?

Special questions

at the beginning of which there is a question word like when, why, how, etc., they are formed by a similar principle, with the only difference that the initial position is occupied by these question words:

· Howl Long Has She Been Here? - How long have she been here?
· Why Have He Written So Many Articles Today? - Why did he write so many articles today?

Present Perfect formula in negative offer

it is practically no different from the affirmative form. Here, the grammar covers the simple use of a NOT particle after auxiliary verb, where has not \u003d haven't, hasn't \u003d has not. The denial looks like this:

· I Haven't Completed My Daily Report Yet - I have not finished my daily report yet.
· He Still Hasn't Brought US Money - He still did not bring us money

Note: The rule provides for the use of this time in special question and negative structures with the inclusion of the "ever" phrase, where the time-consumable Present Perfect time markers - adverbs EVER or NEVER:

· Have you ever been to bangkok? - Have you ever been to Bangkok?
· I Have Never Seen Such A Beautiful Landscape! - I have never seen such a beautiful landscape!

Present PERFECT

Use Present Perfect is typical for the following situations:

1. Finished action

In order to display a perfect action, having an explicit echo in the present time and, unlike the time, the simplics used to express completeness. Present Perfect satellites in such situations are specific adverbs ALREADY, EVER, NEVER, YET (typical for questioning and negative proposals, where its frequent position is at the end of the phrase), Just, For (shows the duration of the action), as well as those time frames, which show that the action has not yet completed (this year, today, etc.).

· He HASN'T CALLED ME FOR AGES - He did not call me a whole eternity
· We Have Already Found Out The Latest News - We have already found out the latest news
· I have Done Much this year - this year I did a lot (in the sense that the year is not finished yet)

Note: Present Perfect Just is one of the markers that is translated as "just." But in the event that the JUST NOW design is used, it is characterized by the use of Past Simple, despite the fact that the translation will be identical:

· I Have Just Cooked Breakfast - I just cooked breakfast
· I COOKED BREAKFAST JUST NOW - I just cooked breakfast

Note: The so-called American English, who has entered the modern life, is very often not involved in the use of Present Perfect, even in such obvious situations, when there are special assistants in the form of adverbs or there are other factors governing the use of Perfect. In this embodiment, the perfect is ignored, although the classic grammar of this does not approve:

I Have Lost My Key - I Lost My Key (I lost the key)

2. With the pretext of "SINCE" + PAST SIMPLE

Special attention deserves the situation when with Present Perfect Since, the pretext that is translated as "C", "from the moment, is used in one sentence along with. With this sense, the design of the proposal is built as follows:

I Haven't SEEN HER SINCE I LEFT FOR SYDNEY - I have not seen her since I went to Sydney

In this example, Present Perfect is used in the first part of the sentence, and in the second - Past Simple. Very often in such suggestions, it is recommended to look for the so-called starting point, that is, the action from which it all began. In this example, this is part "Since left to Moscow." The use of Perfect here is relevant for the reason that the action is performed (or not executed from the same time and so far, which shows the result to today). Present Perfect Examples with such situations are not uncommon, and English in this case gives a completely reasonable cause of such consumption.

3. in the pressing time

The use of this time is characteristic and for those cases when the perfect is part of the apparent time of time. Present Perfect Words In this case, the same as in (Conditional i): These are Unless Union, As Soon AS, Before, Afterter, etc. The main feature here is that the emphasis takes place on the completion of the event, and not on its fact. Suggestions for Present Perfect here may be as follows:

· I Will Not Call Him Until You Have Told Me Everything - I will not call him until you tell me all
· They Will Come As Soon As I Have FINISHED My Work - They will come as soon as I finish work

Note: This rule has an exception. Provided if the verbs in Present Perfect here refer to either the Categories of Motion (Arrive, Come, Return, etc.) or sensual perception, then with them the use of this perfect time is undesirable, it will correctly put the usual Present Simple, more frequently used in the conditional sentence First type:

· I Will Be Glad WHEN HE COMES - I WILL RADY When he comes
· She Will Get In A Fury WHE HEARS My Words - She will come into rage when I hear my words

But even here, Present Perfect is possible when there are signs that the speaker intentionally focuses on completion and expressively emphasizes; The translation in this case will prove the relevance of the effect of the perfect:

I Will Learn The Poem by Heart When I Have Heard It a Few Times - I learn a poem by heart when I listen to him several times (expressively emphasized the completeness committed several times)

Let's summarize

As it becomes clear from the foregoing, the phrases in the perfect are formed and used when there is an intention to demonstrate the completion of the action or to display the period of time it takes to the present. Present Perfect education scheme is pretty simple, although it requires memorization. Like any other species, Present Perfect Tense, the use rules are designated very clearly, so the main thing is to strictly follow all the instructions, and then this time will not deliver any inconvenience.

English grammar often puts in a dead end. But the dead end does not mean hopelessness: you can always return to the starting point and start over. The understandable explanation of the rules for education and the use of Present Perfect Simple is one of the most difficult 5-class grammar sections in English - help choose the right direction and avoid dead-end situations.

General

Before switching to the explanation of the basic rules and nuances of the Present Perfect time, it is necessary to understand how this temporary form is translated into Russian and what indicates: its basic differences from other times. Present Perfect Tense is this perfect time used to describe completed, accomplished actions that have a direct connection with the present, the result of these actions affects the present. The main impulse to use the temporary form under consideration is the markers words indicating the uncertainty of time. It briefly. Now details for each item: how to understand what time and how to use.

Education

The basic rules for the formation of affirmative, questioning forms, as well as denial are presented in the following table. With its help, you can understand how the Present Perfect formula works in practice is formed.

Present Perfect Tense.

This perfect time

Personal + Have / Has + Main verb + -ed (3rd shape of the right verbs)

I Have Visited - I visited

You have visited - you visited

He (She, IT) Has Visited - He (she, it) attended

We Have Visited - We visited

You have visited - you visited

They Have Visited - They visited

Personal + Have / HAS + Main verb in the 3rd form (incorrect verbs)

I Have Done - I did

You have Done - You did

He (She, IT) Has Done - He (she, it) did

We Have Done - We did

You have Done - you did

They Have Done - they did

Damage + Have / HAS + NOT + Main verb + ED (3rd form of correct verbs)

I Haven't Visited - I did not attend

You Haven't Visited - You did not attend

He (She, IT) Has Not Visited - He (she, it) did not attend

We Have Not Visited - We did not visit

You have not visited - you did not visit

They Have Not Visited - They did not visit

Personal + HAVE / HAS + NOT + Main verb in 3rd shape (incorrect verbs)

I Haven't Done - I did not do

You Haven't Done - You did not do

HE (She, IT) Have Not Done - He (she, it) did not

We Have Not Done - We did not do

You Haven't Done - You did not do

They have not done - they did not do

Have / Has + subject + main verb + ED (3rd form of correct verbs)

Have I Visited? - I was visiting?

Have you visited? - Did you visit?

HAS HE (SHE, IT) VISITED? - He (she, it) attended?

Have We Visited? - We visited?

Have you visited? - Have you visited?

Have it visited? - They visited?

Have / Has + subject + main verb in the 3rd form (incorrect verbs)

Have I Done? - I was doing?

Have you done? - Did you do?

Has He (She, IT) Done - He (she, it did)?

Have We Done? - we did?

Have you done? - you did?

Have the Done? - they did?

Use

Time Present Perfect Simple takes a special place in English grammar.

Present Perfect Simple analogs in Russian.

Therefore, it is necessary to deal and remember, in what cases this time is used:

Satellite words

Time Present Perfect usually does not do without the help of its satellite - temporary indicators that indicate that the action began in the past and not so long ago ended:

Never - Never (I have Never Been to England - I have never been to England);
Ever - Have you ever Read a Detective Story? - Have you ever read a detective?);
Already - SHE HAS ALREADY FINISHED HER WORK - it has already completed the work);
Just. - exactly, just, only (He Has Just Called Him Up - he only called him);
Before.- before, before (We had Heard This Story Story Before - we heard this strange story before);
Not ... Yet. - Not yet, still no (My Mother Has Not Heard News Yet - My mother has not yet heard news);
Lately- Recently, for a long time, recently (She Has Lately Read Many Books - She has recently read a lot of books);
SO Far. - For this hour, to date, up to this point, already (HER TEMPER HAS SO FAR BEEN Good - its mood has so far been good);
Of Late. - Recently, lately, more recently (This Wonderful Trip Has Been My Dream Of Late is a wonderful trip was my dream lately);
By Now. - To date, He Has Confessed by Now - he confessed to the present moment);
Recently. - Recently, recently (She Has Not Had Any DiffiCulties Recently - She had no difficulty lately);
Up to Now. - To date, so far (She Has Not Believed People Up to Now - she did not believe people so far);
By Now. - To date (IT Always Takes 5 Minutes to get Home After by Now I Have Always Been At Home AT 5 O'Clock - the road home after work is always 5 minutes. To date, I have always been at home at 5 o'clock).

In English, a double negation is excluded in the proposal. Therefore, the adverbing never (never) is used in the affirmative sentence. Instant Yet (still) is put at the end of question or negative offers. In the affirmative it is not used.

What did we know?

I got acquainted with the present time - Present Perfect. Considered the basic rules of education, signs and cases of use of this time. This presentation on the topic "Present Perfect Tense" gives a clear explanation, and is an excellent allowance for teapots, that is, to study English for beginners, and for advanced students.

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