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Many are wondering how to weld and what errors when welding polypropylene pipes can be allowed? Answers to these questions are set out in this article. Not only metallic elements are used to install and repair water and heating systems, but also parts from a variety of plastics: polypropylene, or. Currently, these materials are popular: their installation can be easily carried out with their own hands without resorting to the services of specialists. Welding of polypropylene pipes (welding of the PPR) has a number of benefits:
- Pipes are not subject to corrosion process.
- Their cost is lower than metallic.
- They are light.
- There are several basic ways to install them.
- Fast assembly when working alone. With a partner, work can accelerate.
- Simple ways soldering. Observing a certain sequence of actions and performing the basic rules, the finished connection can be obtained independently.
- Long service life. Modern models of products from polypropylene can serve several decades.
Welding PP pipes: tools selection
There may be several types: manual, semi-automatic or automatic. The last look will be the most expensive cost. When working with a specific unit, the rules set out in this article should be followed, as well as instructions for it.
In addition to the soldering device, you will need:
- special scissors for trimming the required size of a polypropylene tube.
- marker for applying marks on the details.
- alcohol fluid for degreasing the surface of the edges.
- fittings (for example of coupling).
Couplings and pipes are preferably choosing one manufacturer. If you choose different, there is a risk that the details will not suit each other in size or in the composition of the material.
PP pipes are divided into species depending on the purpose and technology of use:
- For water supply systems: both cold and hot.
- For the heating system, a special technology for welding polypropylene pipes for heating is applied.
They are also divided into varieties depending on the labeling.
- Marking PN 10 is used for cold water temperature up to 20 °, as well as for heating floor coatings up to 45 °.
- Marking PN 16 is used for water water systems, as well as hot water to 60 °.
- Polypropylene marking PN 20 needs to be purchased for hot water supply up to 95 °.
- Marking PN 25 is used for hot water, as well as for heating to 95 °.
Polypropylene welding and polyethylene: differences
- The melting point of PP is higher than that of polyethylene.
- PP - more durable and not so flexible.
- PP is more heat and frost-resistant.
Differences of propylene pipes depending on the color
- White and gray colors are mounted in the house, it is prohibited to use them on the street. They are ideal for plumbing and heating systems.
- Black color contains a substance in its material that attach additional stability and wear resistance. This is an excellent option for use in sewer systems.
- PP of green color apply, as a rule, for watering plantings. Some modern green products can also be used for cold water.
Preparation for work
Immediately before soldering, parts should be cleaned and degreased with special alcohol solutions. They should not be extraneous objects, dust, dirt and burr. For work, it is necessary to prepare not only the details themselves, but also the place of work: it should not be dirty, dusty, it is recommended to be the absence of outsiders and items.
Approximate temperature for working with a soldering iron is about 260-270 degrees. All items must be prepared in advance, before heating the equipment to the desired temperature. The connection process takes a few seconds. It is necessary to make items to be located exactly, then the seam will be high-quality and sealed. The exact connection time may differ depending on the thickness of the part and the health of the welding equipment. It should be borne in mind that if the soldering iron warms not very much, the heating time needs to be increased. Do not start working with weakly heated equipment. The connection may not be sealed. Elements that are planned to connect with each other must be heated at the same time.
Overheating of the elements is characterized by the fact that the material becomes very soft and when contact with each other can be deformed.
The result of overheating of polypropylene pipes The table below contains exemplary temperature indicators for soldering, depending on the thickness of the part, the time of welding and cooling.
| Volume volume (see) | Heating time (sec.) | Welding time (sec.) | Cooling time after welding (minutes) |
| 1,6 – 1,3 | 5 | 4 | 3 |
| 2 – 1,4 | 5 | 4 | 3 |
| 2,5 – 1,6 | 7 | 4 | 3 |
| 3,2 – 1,8 | 8 | 4 | 4 |
| 4 – 2 | 12 | 6 | 4. |
| 5 – 2,3 | 18 | 6 | 5 |
| 6,3 – 2,6 | 24 | 6 | 6 |
| 7,5 – 2,8 | 30 | 8 | 8 |
| 9 – 3 | 40 | 8 | 8 |
| 11 – 3,3 | 50 | 10 | 10 |
| 16 – 3,5 | 80 | 15 | 15 |
Welding PP pipes
When plastic melts, the details need to be removed from the soldering iron's nozzles and gently connect. Do it need it quickly. It is forbidden to hardly press and turn them. Keep items needed smoothly. If for some reason the seams turned out to be unfounded, it is no longer possible to disconnect it. You can only with the help of scissors cut this seam and soldering the edges again.
Types of soldering plastic pipes
There are three types of compounds of plastic parts:
- Coupling.
The butcher method is the result of connecting molten edges. Details are fixed with each other with a special welding machine for butt welding.
Welding apparatus The coupling is a soldering method using couplings. The coupling is a special device designed to connect details with each other. The coupling method is also carried out using special welding equipment.
The connection method is carried out using special electrical couplings. The equipment heats the electromaphs, or rather, the helix inside it. Usually, soldering PPR pipes this method is used when it is necessary to connect the products of large diameter and / or in places with the possibility of seismic activity.
Equipment apparatus For each of the above type of connection, there are certain types of welding equipment. There are general rules for using such welding equipment, as well as instructions for welding polypropylene pipes with a specific model.
In turn, it is divided into manual, semi-automatic and automatic. Manual equipment is used when connecting elements operating under mean and low pressure. Their control completely depends on the person, its functions are not automated, there is no possibility of fixing (logging) of data. Semi-automatic equipment is automated, but not completely. Usually, we are talking about the possibility of logging the temperature. Automatic equipment does not require control and management from human side. You only need to specify the necessary parameters, and the device will already independently select the desired welding mode. The last type of welding equipment is the most expensive, however, the most efficient. It eliminates the possibility of errors or marriage.
With modern construction, almost 70% of pipes are made of polypropylene. They are used not only in laying new pipelines, but also when repairing old systems. When installing the system, technological rules of welding must be observed and all the nuances should be taken into account to achieve the best results, which also include the welding temperature of polypropylene pipes.
Properties of polypropylene pipes
This type of pipes are currently most common, since these combines excellent technical qualities and low price. Polypropylene tubes are durable, durable and can withstand corrosive lesions.
Possessing such qualities, polypropylene products can be used in a variety of areas:
- when laying aquatic and gas pipelines;
- for drainage taps;
- for removal and transportation of various aggressive liquids.
For welding pipes from polypropylene requires the following set:
- thermometer;
- scissors intended for cutting pipes;
- degreasing;
- old rag from natural fibers;
- roulette, marker;
- scraper;
- special device for welding polypropylene elements with a diameter of more than 50 mm.
Also when working may need to be needed tools: a knife, a knife for metal, in case there is no possibility to work with pipe cutter or scissors.
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Preparation of the device and material to welding polypropylene pipes
Before starting to weld polypropylene pipes, it is important to properly prepare the equipment.
The first thing to the welding device it is necessary to firmly fix the heating nozzles. Using the thermostat, set the temperature 250-270 degrees and connect the unit to the power supply. The desired time for heating the device is set taking into account the temperature in the room. To prevent damage to the working layer of the nozzles, they must be cleaned before heating.
You can start welding in the event that the required temperature will be shown on the indicator or contact thermometer.
Before starting welding polypropylene pipes, it is necessary to conduct a visual inspection, since the surface layer of the elements should not have any defects, fittings must be in working condition. All threads need to check out the articles with opposite carvings.
Pipes and welded fittings must be carefully cleaned and degreased. All fittings should be checked for compliance density. Fittings that are walking and are poorly sitting, rejected.
All pipes must be accurately measure and cut off. If they were cut off with a metal with a metal, then the edges should also be treated from burrs.
Using the equipment designed for these purposes or a sharp knife, pipes are cut on the end of the edge of the edge to about 45 degrees. These manipulations are mainly produced with large-sized products (cross section of more than 40 mm). This cut is required to avoid the material bundle when entering the end of the pipe.
Before starting the spike of bulk elements, it is necessary to control their circumference.
Before starting the spike of pipes, it is important to remove the oxidized layer across the alloy of the joint, as the oxide adversely affects the quality of the welds.
It is important to insert the pipe into the fitting before the spike and make the depth of its entrance, but taking into account the fact that the pipe is inserted until the stop itself. To avoid narrowing the pipe in the seam, you need to leave a gap of 1 mm.
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Welding Heating Temperature
If compared with the butt spike, where the parts are heated superficially and low temperatures and for a long time to avoid the voltage inside the material, the temperature of the apparatus in the flarified welding is propylened, and it is heated faster. The selection of the heating temperature of the welded device is carried out under the observance of several restrictions:
- The melting of welded surfaces should be made quickly, the pipes can lose the initial species, and it will be compatible with them. With this, a high heat heating temperature is connected.
- If you steamed the welded device, the polypropylene elements may be subjected to thermal deformation.
- Teflon coating, which is covered with a working part of the device, retains an excellent condition, if they work constantly at a temperature of 260 degrees, well, if you use higher temperatures, the device gradually fails.
Considering all the nuances of fuse-welding welding, the optimal temperature of heating the working surface of the nozzles of 260 degrees was established, with deviations plus / minus 10 degrees.
Such heating mode can adversely affect the internal voltage in the docking grounds. But this is reimbursed by a practically double wall of the pipeline system in places of docking and the maximum welding area.
Many models of fuseum welding of polypropylene pipes are equipped with a temperature regimen controller. The thermostat is designed in such a way that when setting the appropriate temperature it corresponded to the temperature on the welded nozzles. The temperature of the heater is above 15 degrees.
Most of the models of the welded devices are obsolete and does not have the knob of the regulator, and their temperature is adjusted by the manufacturer at once 260 degrees. Given the working technology, according to the masters it is correct, since the knob of the regulator is most likely set to increase popularity.
Pretty many types of repair work implies a complete replacement of pipes. For the arrangement of many types of pipelines (, water pipes and other things), they use polypropylene components today. These products are characterized by sufficient strength and long-term use, inexpensively costs. They are connected by the method of special polypropylene welding designed to connect materials such.
The role of this element can perform various designs. For direct sites, couplings are made.
To rotate, use a special square. A thread fittings are available on sale: one of it is connected to the polypropylene tube, the other is mounted to a metal pipe or a plumbing node.
The form and number of the required fittings should be thought out and is defined in advance, so it is advisable to draw a drawing of the planned pipeline.
Soldering of polypropylene pipes: work order
Polyethylene pipes: Cold welding
Since the conversation is about welding pipes, it will not be superfluous to remember the cold method. Cold welding is usually reinforced with steel. It is used to quickly and firmly seal the compounds, repair and restore lost elements of products from ferrous and non-ferrous metals, which are operated at T from minus 60 to plus 150.
This method is perfect for repair, such as heating in the apartment. It can be used even in rooms with overly high humidity. For this method is characterized by excellent adhesion to wet and oiled surfaces. The plastic pipes themselves will be in a plastic state of no more than five minutes from the start of the process. 
Any modern housing, be it a private mansion or urban apartment, is necessarily equipped with a variety of engineering communications. And if so, or in the construction process, or during repair or reconstruction, sooner or later, the owners will have to face the problem of installing or replacing pipes - and heating systems. Few people currently chooses the time-consuming and quite complex installation of steel pipes VGP. They are the roads by themselves, require considerable additional costs for transportation, and their processing and compound are associated with specific operations that are not allowed to be cut, flexible, electrical or gas welding, cutting threads, etc. Plus, to the "seal" of each threaded connection, a special approach is needed so that the connecting unit is obtained high-quality, without leaks.
How well, that modern technologies allow us to do without all this wruffs, applying polypropylene pipes. With the right choice of material and a qualitative installation, the water supply and the contour of heating is practically nothing to retreat steel, in many positions - much superior to them. In addition, the soldering of the polypropylene pipes itself is not so complicated and the instructions for the implementation of which will be considered in this publication.
Not all polypropylene pipes are the same
Before you begin to consider the installation instructions for the installation of polypropylene pipes, it makes sense to give at least a general concept about this material, in particular, about its varieties and spheres of application. The choice of pipes according to the principles "what cheaper" or "what were" - completely unacceptable. The consequences for an unintelligible home master can be very sad - from the deformation of the padded pipeline to its rupture or appearance of the leaks in the connecting nodes.
The difference in the diameter is not necessary - in different systems and in various parts, their dimensions are used, which are predetermined by hydraulic calculations. The line of diameters, from 16 to 110 mm, allows you to almost fully ensure all possible options. Moreover, practice shows that for home or for the apartment usually enough range up to 40 mm, much less often - up to 50 ÷ 63 mm. Larger diameter pipes are rather trunk, and they have the specific features of the installation, but to face him a home master - it is unlikely to have.
It can immediately be in mind the difference between some types of color in color. Here you can also pay attention to this - white, green, grayish and other walls - do not talk about anything. Apparently, it's just a solution to manufacturers somehow allocate your products on a general background. By the way, for the heating circuits, the white color will definitely be preferable, since the pipeline is unobtrusively fit into any interior, without creating a disharmonious color "stain".
But the color stripes, if any, already carry an informative load, intuitively understandable to everyone. Blue strip - The pipe is calculated exclusively on cold water supply, red - capable of withstanding elevated temperatures. However, such a color marking (which, by the way, is very often not at all), it is only a very approximate, not revealing the fully operational capabilities of a particular pipe. It helps simply not to be mistaken during the installation period of the system. By the way, the longitudinal line is good and the fact that it becomes a good guideline when docking the conjugated parts by the soldering.
Much more information gives alphanumeric marking, which, as a rule, is applied on the outer wall. Here it is already worth being close.
International abbreviated designation of polypropylene - PPR. There are several varieties of material, and it is possible to meet the designations of RRRC, RR-N, RR-B, PP-3 and others. But in order not to confuse the final consumer, there is a clearer gradation of pipes - by types, depending on the allowable pressure of the pumped liquid and its temperature. Total types are four: PN-10, PN-16, PN-20, PN-25. In order not to tell a long time about each of them, you can cite a sign that characterizes the operating capabilities and scope of pipes.
polypropylene pipes
| Type of polypropylene tubes | Working pressure (nominal) | Scope of application pipes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MPa | technical atmospheres, bar | ||
| PN -10. | 1.0 | 10.2 | Cold water supply. As an exception - liner highways to the contours of water "warm floor", with the Masimal operating temperature of the coolant to 45 ° C. The material is most affordable in value - due to not particularly prominent physical and technical and operational parameters. |
| PN -16 | 1.6 | 16.3 | The most chassis for autonomous systems of cold and hot water supply, with a working temperature of no more than 60 ° C, pressure not higher than 1.6 MPa. |
| PN -20. | 2.0 | 20.4 | Cold and hot autonomous or central water supply. It is possible to use in autonomous heating systems, where the hydrowood is guaranteed. The temperature of the coolant should not exceed 80 ° C. |
| PN -25 | 2.5 | 25.5 | Hot centralized water supply, heating systems with heat carrier temporary up to 90 ÷ 95 ° C, including central. The most durable, nor the most expensive type of pipes. |
Of course, in order for the pipe to withstand increased pressure and temperature, it must have thicker walls. The value of the wall thickness and, accordingly, the diameter of the conditional passage of polypropylene pipes of various types - in the table below:
| Outer diameter of the pipe, mm | Type of polypropylene tubes | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PN -10. | PN -16 | PN -20. | PN -25 | |||||
| Pass diameter, mm | Wall thickness, mm | Pass diameter, mm | Wall thickness, mm | Pass diameter, mm | Wall thickness, mm | Pass diameter, mm | Wall thickness, mm | |
| 16 | - | - | 11.6 | 2.2 | 10.6 | 2.7 | - | - |
| 20 | 16.2 | 1.9 | 14.4 | 2.8 | 13.2 | 3.4 | 13.2 | 3.4 |
| 25 | 20.5 | 2.3 | 18 | 3.5 | 16.6 | 4.2 | 16.6 | 4.2 |
| 32 | 26 | 3 | 23 | 4.4 | 21.2 | 5.4 | 21.2 | 3 |
| 40 | 32.6 | 3.7 | 28.8 | 5.5 | 26.6 | 6.7 | 26.6 | 3.7 |
| 50 | 40.8 | 4.6 | 36.2 | 6.9 | 33.2 | 8.4 | 33.2 | 4.6 |
| 63 | 51.4 | 5.8 | 45.6 | 8.4 | 42 | 10.5 | 42 | 5.8 |
| 75 | 61.2 | 6.9 | 54.2 | 10.3 | 50 | 12.5 | 50 | 6.9 |
| 90 | 73.6 | 8.2 | 65 | 12.3 | 60 | 15 | - | - |
| 110 | 90 | 10 | 79.6 | 15.1 | 73.2 | 18.4 | - | - |
With all the advantages of polypropylene, it has a rather significant drawback - a very significant linear expansion during heating. If for cold pipelines located inside the building, this is not so significant, then for hot water pipes or for heating circuits, such a feature can lead to a bending, provisions of long sections, deformity of complex junctions, the occurrence of internal stresses in the body of the pipe that reduce its service life.
In order to maximize the effect of temperature expansion, the pipe reinforcement is used. It can be aluminum or fiberglass.
The fiberglass reinforcing belt is always located approximately in the center of the thickness of the pipe wall, and does not affect the soldering technology.
But with aluminum - somewhat more complicated. There are two types of similar reinforcement. In one case, the foil layer is located in close proximity to the outer wall of the pipe (on the illustration - at the bottom left). Another option is the reinforcing belt runs around the center of the wall. For each of the types of such reinforcement there are special technological nuances of the installation, which will be mentioned below.
Both fiberglass, and aluminum reinforcement significantly reduces the temperature linear expansion of polypropylene pipes. In addition, the aluminum layer performs another function: it becomes a barrier against oxygen diffusion - penetration of oxygen molecules from the air through the pipe walls into the coolant.
The penetration of oxygen into the liquid medium of the coolant can cause a number of negative consequences, including the main gas formation and the activation of corrosion processes, which is particularly dangerous for metal parts of the boiler equipment. The reinforcing layer can repeatedly reduce such an effect, so such pipes are most often used precisely for heating contours. In plumbing systems, it is quite possible to do with fiberglass reinforcement, which does not have a significant impact on the diffusion.
| Types of polypropylene pipes | Designation | Temperature expansion coefficient m × 10 ⁻⁴ / ˚С | Oxygen diffusion indicators, mg / m² × 24 hours |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single-layer pipes: | |||
| Ppr. | 1.8 | 900 | |
| Multilayer pipes: | |||
| Polypropylene fiberglass reinforced. | PPR-GF-PPR | 0.35 | 900 |
| Polypropylene reinforced by aluminum. | PPR-AL-PPR | 0.26 | 0 |
Below, the illustration shows an example of a polypropylene tube marking:
1 - In the first place is usually located the name of the manufacturer, the name of the pipe model or its article.
2 - Material of manufacturing and structure of the pipe. In this case, it is a single-layer polypropylene. Pipes with fiberglass reinforcement are usually marked with PPR-FG-PPR, with aluminum - PPR-Al-PPR.
Reinforced pipes with an external polypropylene layer and an inner wall of stitched polyethylene can occur. They will have a designation, for example, PPR-AL-PEX or PPR-AL-PERT. The soldering technology does not affect the technology, since the inner layer does not accept participation in it.
3 - Standard dimensional pipe coefficient equal to the ratio of the outer diameter to the wall thickness.
4 - nominal values \u200b\u200bof the outer diameter and wall thickness.
5 - mentioned above the type of pipe at nominal working pressure.
6 - a list of international standards that matches the product.
Pipes are usually implemented by standard segments of 4 or 2 meters. Most of the outlets practices selling with cutting, multiple 1 meter.
Numerous components are available on sale - threaded fittings, to switch to another type of pipes, with an external or internal thread or with an American car nut, coupling, tees, transitions in diameters, taps flooring angle of 90 and 45 degrees, plugs, oched loops , compensators and other necessary details. In addition, it is possible to purchase cranes, valves, collectors, "oblique" filters of coarse water purification, intended for direct soldering into a polypropylene tube wiring.
In a word, such a variety allows you to choose the most convenient scheme of the system assembly of almost any degree of complexity. The cost of most such parts is very low, which allows you to purchase them with a certain margin, if so that before starting practical installation, to carry out a small training activity - so to speak, "fill arm".
Methods for connecting polypropylene pipes
Polypropylene is a thermoplastic polymer - when heated, its structure begins to soften, and with a compound of two uniformly heated to a certain temperature of the fragments, mutual diffusion occurs, more precisely - polyfusion, that is, the interpenetration of the material. When cooled, the properties of polypropylene do not change, and with a high-quality connection - ensuring optimal heating and the desired compression ratio, after the inverse polymerization of the boundary as such should not be - a completely monolithic node is obtained.
It is on this property that the basic technological methods of compounds of polypropylene pipes are based - this method is often called polyfuzny welding.
Such welding (soldering) can be conducted with a coupling or butt method.
- Coupling welding is just that technology that is most often used when installing the water supply or heating circuits in conditions of the house or apartment. It is designed for small and medium diameter pipes, up to 63 mm.
Its meaning is that any connecting node involves the use of two parts is the pipe and coupling itself, the inner diameter of which is somewhat less than the outer diameter of the pipe. That is, in the normal, "cold" form, the details of the pairing are not amenable. The coupling can not only speak, sorry for the tautology, the coupling itself, but also the mounting section of the tee, removal, crane, threaded fitting and other component parts.
The principle of conducting such welding is shown in the schemes below.
Pipe (pos. 1) and coupling or any other connecting element (pos. 2) simultaneously satisfying the heating elements of the welding machine.
A pair of the desired diameter, consisting of a metal coupling (key 4), which will be inserted in advance to the working heater, which will be inserted, and Dorn (pos. 5) to which the required connecting element is dresses.
During the warm-up of the external surface of the pipe and the inner coupling, the belt of molten polypropylene is formed, approximately the same width and depth (pos. 6). It is important to choose the right time of warming up so that the melt process does not capture the entire wall of the pipe through.
Both parts are simultaneously removed from the heater, and coaxially, with an effort, are connected. The melted plastic outer layer of polypropylene will allow the pipe to enter the coupling tightly until it stops, the length of the heated area.
At this stage, the process of polyfusion, cooling and polymerization occurs. As a result, a reliable connection is obtained, which, although in the diagram and shown by the shaded plot (pos. 7), but in fact, if you look at the incision, it is not visible at all - almost a monolithic wall.
- Butter welding is performed somewhat differently.
One of the main differences - the parts are attached necessarily the same in the inner and external diameter.
The first step is an exact fit of the ends to ensure the perfect fit of their adhering towards each other.
Pipes are pressed on both sides with a carrier - a rotating disk (pos. 2) with exactly exhibited by knives (pos. 3)
Pipes are again pressed to the center, and on the ends, on the whole thickness of the wall, the areas of melting polypropylene are formed (pos. 5).
And, by analogy with the previous case, as the weld cooled is cooled, it is polymerized by creating a reliable connection of two pipes.
The principle seems simple, but it is only at first glance. With such a welding technology, an extremely accurate centering of conjugated parts is determined. In addition, when coupling welding, the necessary degree of compression of the melted molten areas is provided to a greater extent difference in the diameters of the parts. In this case, the application requires a significant external force directed strictly along the axis of the pipes connected. All these conditions are possible only when using a special, sufficiently complex machine type apparatus.
There are quite a few apparatuses for butt welding, but almost all of them have a powerful bed with guides and clamps for clamping pipes for various diameters - to ensure the coaxiality of the compound, removable or leaving the carrier and heater, the mechanism for creating the desired compression - manual, hydraulic, with electric and t .P.
Such a technology is used, as a rule, only by professionals when laying trunk pipes, and the likelihood of encountering it on the household level is almost zero.
There is also a "cold" welding method - using glue based on a potent organic solvent. The meaning is that when processing such a composition, the surface layers of the polymer softened. Details can be connected at this time in the desired position, and since the solvents usually have high volatility, quickly evaporate. The process of reverse polymerization begins fast enough.
Such a technology is more suitable for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes that do not have due thermoplasticity. In addition, the method of compound has, perhaps, more deficiencies and restrictions in use, rather than advantages, therefore does not use special demand, especially since there is a simple and accessible technology of coupling polyfusion welding.
What will be required for installation work
So, in the future we will consider exclusively coupling polyfuzny welding (soldering). To independently cope with this task, you must prepare a number of instruments and accessories.
- First of all, it is definitely a device for welding polypropylene pipes. It is worth such a tool - not so expensive, and many maidy owners already have it in their home "Arsenal".
Kits "Coupling-Dorn" required diameters must be attached to the welding machine. Most devices allow on their heating element to simultaneously place two, and sometimes - and three pairs of workshops, which allows for replacement for replacement to install a system in which pipes of various diameters are used.
If your device is not, and the circumstances at the moment do not allow it to acquire it, then many shops of the salons practice short-term rental with the daily fee - you can take advantage of such an opportunity.
If you decide to buy a device for welding polypropylene pipes ...
All welding machines are arranged approximately equally and operate according to a similar principle, however, certain differences in layout and functionality have. Useful information for those deciding for such a purchase is placed in the article of our portal specifically dedicated to.
By the text, the definition of the pipe soldering can be met - but this is just the "game of words." There is no difference between these concepts in this case.
- Special scissors are required for cutting pipes. Moreover, they must be sharply calculated, with a working ratchet mechanism, providing smooth cut. The blade should not have jar or curvature.
Of course, you can cut off the pipe with a hacksaw, just a web for metal or even the "grinder", but it is absolutely not a professional approach, since the desired accuracy and rope of cuts are not achieved with such tools.
machine for welding polypropylene pipes
- It is necessary to prepare a markup tool - roulette, a ruler, a construction kit, a marker or a pencil. To properly place pipes, you have to resort to level assistance.
- If a soldering of polypropylene pipes with aluminum reinforcement is planned, additional tools are needed.
- If the pipe has external reinforcement, then the shader will be required, which will clean the aluminum layer at the area of \u200b\u200bthe province.
- If the aluminum reinforced layer is located deep in the thicker of the wall, the pipe still requires preliminary preparation, but in this case the carrier is already used.
The carrier externally looks like a shaver, but there is a difference between them - it lies in the arrangement of knives. The Shawra has a slice on the tangent of parallel to the axis of the pipe, and the carrier, as if understood even their names, the knife processes the end and removes a small chamfer.
Read the useful article, as well as familiarize yourself with the varieties and criteria of choice, on our portal.
More details on this moment, we will stop when considering the technology of pipe soldering.
- Many this is overlooked, but the welded areas of pipes and couplings must be cleaned of dirt, dust, moisture, and then degreased. It means that it is necessary to prepare a clean rag and an alcohol-containing solvent (for example, an ordinary ethyl or isopropyl alcohol).
But to use solvents based on acetone, esters, hydrocarbons - should not, since polypropylene does not have resistance to them, and the walls may float
- It is necessary to take care of the protection of hands. It is necessary to work them in the immediate vicinity of the heating element of the apparatus, and get a serious burn is simpler.
Best for this case suede work gloves are suitable - they almost do not constrain movements, will not start smutching from contact with a hot heater, and reliably protect their hands.
And one more important warning. Most of the installation works can not be carried out very often at the place, but, for example, on the workshop in the workshop - some devices even have special clamps with clips for reliable fixation on the table. This is convenient in the sense that the assembled node is then quickly installed, for example, in close and inconvenient bath or bathroom conditions.
In any case, wherever the soldering has, it is necessary to provide highly efficient ventilation. When polypropylene heated, gas is released with a sharp odor. The smell is not the worst - with prolonged inhalation there may be serious intoxication. Believe me, tested on "own skin". The author of these lines was launched with a temperature at 39 ° after seven hours of operation in a fairly spacious combined bathroom, C, it would seem, well-working ventilation outlet. Do not repeat errors!
How to solder polypropylene pipes
General technological methods of welding polypropylene pipes
- First of all, the novice master should clearly imagine that he is going to mounted. A detailed scheme of the drawing should be prepared, with an affiliated size and specifying specific parts - the same "document" will be the basis for acquiring the required number of pipes and components.
- If conditions are allowed, for example, in the room where the installation will be carried out, there is still no finish, then the scheme is best transferred directly to the walls - it will also be visually, and you can simulate the necessary pipe lengths literally at the place.
The key to success is to try the maximum possible number of nodes to perform in a convenient working position, on the workbench. Working with the solder apparatus directly in place, and even alone, without assistant - an extremely difficult task, and to admit the error at the same time - it is very easy. It is clear that such operations will not be completely avoided, but their quantity must be reduced to a possible minimum.
- The soldering device is preparing for work. It is put on its heater and are tightened with a screw of working pairs - couplings and darns necessary for the operation of diameters. If it is supposed to work with one type of pipe, then there is nothing to wise - one pair dresses, as close as possible by the end of the heater.
There are welding machines and with cylindrical heating elements - it has several other fastening of the working elements by type of clamp. But to figure it out - easy.
- It will be much more convenient to work if the device is rigidly fixed on the work surface of the workbench. It is very cool if the design is provided by the type of clamp, for fastening on the edge of the table top. But with a conventional apparatus, you can try to come up with some fixation. For example, if it allows the surface, the stands of the support are screwed to the workbench.
Even with a fixed stand, the device can "win" in it - the backlash will necessarily be. Here, too, you can envisage your mount - drill a hole and screw the screws. When a soldering iron is needed for remote work, remove this fastening is a matter of several seconds.
- The soldering iron is included in the network. If it has a temperature adjustment, then approximately 260 ° C is set - this is the optimal temperature for working with polypropylene. One should not listen to anyone that for the 20th pipe you need 260 degrees, for 25 - already 270 and so on - on increasing. Temperature is one, simply changes the time of heating the mating parts. In any case, those tables that make the manufacturer in the product passport, and which will be placed below in this article, are calculated on this level of heating.
- Usually there is a light indication on the soldering iron. The burning red light indicates that the heating element works. Green - the device has achieved a working mode.
However, many models have their own features of the indication. Some devices even have a digital display with temperature indication. Anyway, the device "will know" that he warmed up to the required level.
- Mathematized parts are prepared for operation - the necessary piece of the pipe is cut off, the connecting element is brewed, according to the installation scheme.
- Not many do it, but meanwhile technology requires - mandatory cleaning of the connection area from possible dirt and dust, and degreasing. In addition, even the slightest droplets of water or wet surface - water vapor can get into the melt layer, create a porous structure there, and this connecting node risks sooner or later.
- The next step is the compound markup. On the pipe it is necessary to measure from the end and a pencil (marker) to note the length of the carriage of the province. It is before this mark that the pipe will be introduced into the heating clutch, then in the connecting part. For each diameter, its value is installed - it will be listed in the table below.
The second label is applied if the relative location of the conjugated parts matters. For example, on one side of the segment of the pipe already welded 90 °, and on the other hand, it is necessary to mount, say, tee, but so that its central channel is at an angle to the entire axis. To do this, first accurately determine the position of the details, and then risk across the border, according to both.
A lot of time to choose from the right position during the soldering will no longer be, but such a "trick" will help accurately position the conjugate details.
- The next step is already directly soldering the connection. It in turn also includes several phases:
- On both sides at the same time, the pipe is introduced into the soldering iron clutch, and the connecting element dresses on Dorn. The pipe should go to the mark made, the connecting element - until it stops.
- After the pipe and the connecting element are inserted to the end, the heating time begins. For each diameter, the optimal period is established, which should be guided.
- As soon as the time has expired, both parts are removed from the heating elements. The wizard has literally a few seconds to give the items correctly and, necessarily, alone, insert one to another with effort and start to the same mark. Easy adjustment, without turning relative to the axis, is allowed only for one or two seconds.
- In this position, the details must be held, without the slightest offset, during the prescribed fixation period.
- After that, the assembled node should not experience any load for the time of the established period of cooled and polymerization of polypropylene. And only then can be considered ready
Now - about the basic parameters that need to be adhere to when making it. For the convenience of perception, they are reduced to the table:
| The name of indicators | Pipe diameter, mm | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | 20 | 25 | 32 | 40 | 50 | 63 | |
| The length of the crucial section of the pipe, mm | 13 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 23 | 26 |
| Heating time, seconds | 5 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 24 |
| Time for permutation and connection, seconds | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 8 |
| Time to fix connections, seconds | 6 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | 30 |
| Time to cool and polymerization of the node, minutes | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 |
| Notes: - If the PN10 type thin-walled pipes are welded, then the period of heating the pipe itself is reduced by twice, but the heating time of the connective part remains the same as indicated in the table. - If work is carried out well, street or cold room at temperatures below + 5 ° C, then the warm-up time is increased by 50%. |
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As for the reduction of the set warming time (with the exception of the case mentioned in the note), there can be no speech - a qualitative connection will not work, and the node will necessarily flow over time. But about some minor increase - there are no views of the mousers of unity. Motivation Here is such that pipes of various manufacturers can be slightly different with the material, that is, there are more hard or, on the contrary, soft polypropylene. But the masters have accumulated experience, accurate knowledge of the material used, and for the beginner, the recommended indicators must be taken as the basis.
Good advice - when buying pipes and components - take a small stock of the cheapest connecting elements, and conduct an experiment - training. You can prepare a few pipe segment and perform trial soldering.
With a high-quality soldering inside the connecting node around the circle, a neat boil is created by a height of about 1 mm, which will not interfere with the free passage of water. Outside there will also be a neat bin, not spoiling the appearance of the connection.
scissors for pipes
But overheating is already fraught with the receipt of a defective connection. Melted polypropylene begins when combined items to be added inside, where the "skirt" is formed and freezing, a large extent closing passage. The water pressure in such a water supply can be lowered, and in addition, a similar defect often becomes a place to form a blockage.
Conducting such practical classes will help accurately decide all the soldering parameters and avoid mistakes.
Features of working with pipes having aluminum reinforcement
As mentioned above, two options are possible - the reinforcement layer is located near the surface of the pipe, or in the depth of the wall. Accordingly, methods of preparation of the pipe to welded.
- It is clear that the aluminum layer located near the surface simply will not give a full warming and connecting the node. In addition, such pipes always have a diameter slightly higher, and simply will not be included in the heating clutch or in the connecting element. So, we need to read this layer to the "pure" polypropylene.
To do this, use a special tool - Shaiver. It is inserted into it with a segment of the pipe and begin to turn - the knives installed gently sequentially cut off the upper polymer coating and the aluminum located under it.
Processing leads until the pipe is stopped into the bottom of the tool - the sizes of the shawl are provided for such that it will cut the foil smoothly in the strip, which is required for a welded connection at a given diameter, that is, you can not even carry out the corresponding markup.
When soldering, the whole cleaned area should be warm, and then inserted into the connecting part completely. Leave the outside even a thin strip of the protected pipe - it is forbidden.
- If the aluminum foil is hidden into a skinny material, then it seemed to not put a high-quality soldering. But here there is already another nuance.
If the pipe is not protected from the end, the water passing under pressure will try to bundle it, find the output between the aluminum layer and the outer polypropylene sheath. Aluminum, besides this, can start corroded, lose its strength. The result of such a bundle first becomes "blisters" on the body of the pipe, which then necessarily end in a large accident.
The output is to create such conditions so that when welding the tube end and the aluminum layer would be completely closed with melted polypropylene. And this can be achieved by carrying out the processing with a special tool, which was mentioned above the-stem.
Externally, it can be similar to Shaver, but it is located otherwise - they definitely align the end, they will cut the face and remove thin, about 1.5 - 2 mm from the cut, the strip of aluminum foil around the circle. When warming up and during the interface of parts, the molten polypropylene bin will completely close the front end, and the node will receive the necessary reliability.
Pipes with fiberglass reinforcement do not have any features of installation.
- The soldering process, as mentioned, is best carried out at a convenient spacious workplace, the maximum collecting ready-made assemblies of the water supply (heating circuit), and only then installing and connecting them at the place.
The work "The wall" is always more complex, time-consuming and nervous, as it falls with one hand to hold a sufficiently heavy apparatus, while simultaneously providing the feed on the heating of both conjugated parts. Often without helper such a welded connection is almost impossible. Therefore, it is worth the number of similar operations to a minimum.
But it is important to prevent oversight. To connect the node, it is necessary to provide a certain degree of freedom to the mating details - they need to be divorced to the sides to establish the welding machine between them (plus the heating pair also has a certain width), then neatly inserted into the Dorn and the coupling, after warming up Removal, and then - connection. It is necessary to foresee this moment in advance - whether there is enough of the existing backup to perform all these manipulations.
- It happens that inexperienced masters, without providing this nuance, are faced with the fact that the last welded seam remained, and it is not possible to fulfill it. What to do?
The output can be the option in the cutting pipe of the collapsible coupling pair - threaded fitting and coupling with a naked nut - "American". The compound is reliable, and such elements will be soldered even in such difficult circumstances - no longer wage.
- If at least some node during the installation causes even the slightest doubts - without any regret it should be cut and breed other details. Believe me, it does not take much time and will not entail serious costs. But if over time, such a dubious plot will suddenly give a leakage - the consequences can be very sad.
- The next group of errors has already been mentioned above - this is a violation of the technology of pipe soldering. There is an insufficient or excessive heating here. The force attached to the details when the connection must be in moderation. Too strong compression will lead to the formation of an internal "skirt". An insufficient application of force is no less dangerous - the pipe is not included in the jack of the connecting part to the end, there remains a small portion with an increased diameter and a sophisticated wall - the potential breakthrough place!
- Do not forget about cleaning the welded parts from dirt and fat. Perhaps this seems insignificant, but in practice - it is quite enough cases when such a disregard was subsequently turned into a weak compound and the formation of leakage.
- Attempts are very dangerous to change the position of the details during the capture and cooling period. Externally, this may not appear, but microcracks appear in the connecting seam, which subsequently lead to accidents. Do not like the connected knot - "in the firebox", and do a new one, but do not try to change!
- When cleaning the reinforced pipe on the purified area, even a tiny foil fragment should not be to become a potential place of future leakage.
- Another recommendation. It is clear that the material should be qualitative - do not chase as cheap, since it is possible to lose much more, especially since even branded polypropylene pipes and components for them are not so expensive. But there are cases when, when installing high-quality pipes, conducted with accurate observance of technology, the connecting nodes still started to sum up over time. And the reason is simple - really high-quality material, but of various manufacturers. Innight, it would seem that differences in the chemical composition and physico-technical characteristics of polypropylene gave such an unexpected result - the full diffusion of melts was not achieved.
Therefore, the Council is finally: use high-quality pipes of one manufacturer. Probably it is clear that all components should also be the same brand.
At the end of the publication - a cognitive video about the soldering of polypropylene pipes:
Video: Master is divided by secrets of high-quality soldering of polypropylene pipes