The relative dimensions of the planets. Solar System: Description Planets in size and in the correct sequence

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The solar system is a group of planets rotating in certain orbits around a bright star - the Sun. This shine is the main source of heat and light in the solar system.

It is believed that our Planet System was formed as a result of an explosion of one or several stars and it happened about 4.5 billion years ago. Initially, the solar system was an accumulation of gas and dust particles, however, with time and under the influence of its own mass, the sun and other planets appeared.

Planets of the Solar System

In the center of the Solar System is the sun, around which eight planets are moving around in its orbits: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

Until 2006, Pluto belongs to this group of planets, he was considered the 9th planet from the Sun, however, because of its significant remoteness from the sun and small sizes, it was excluded from this list and is named the planet-dwarf. Rather, it is one of several dwarf planets in the Belt of the Kuiper.

All the above planets are customary to divide into two large groups: earth group and gas giants.

The earth group includes planets such as: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. They differ in small sizes and rocky surface, and in addition, are closer than the rest to the sun.

Gaza giants include: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. They are characterized by large sizes and the presence of rings, which are ice dust and rocky pieces. These planets are mainly made of gas.

Mercury

This planet is one of the smallest in the solar system, its diameter is 4,879 km. In addition, it is closer to the sun. Such a neighborhood predetermined a significant difference in temperatures. The average temperature on Mercury during the daytime is +350 degrees Celsius, and at night - -170 degrees.

1. Mercury first planet from the sun.
2. On Mercury there are no seasons of the year. The tilt of the planet's axis is almost perpendicular to the plane of the orbit planet around the sun.
3. The temperature on the surface of Mercury is not the highest, although there is a planet closest to the sun. He gave the first place to Venus.
4. The first research apparatus visiting Mercury was Mariner 10. He conducted a series of demonstration spans in 1974.
5. Day on Mercury lasts 59 terrestrial days, and the year is only 88 days.
6. On Mercury, the sharpest temperature differences are observed, which reach 610 ° C. In the afternoon, the temperature can reach 430 ° C, and at night -180 ° C.
7. The strength of gravity on the surface of the planet is only 38% of the earth. This means that on Mercury you could bounce three times higher, and it would be easier to raise heavy objects.
8. The first observations of Mercury in the telescope carried out Galileo Galilee at the beginning of the 17th century.
9. Mercury has no natural satellites.
10. The first official map of the Mercury surface was published only in 2009, thanks to the data obtained from the spacecraft Mariner 10 and Messenger.

Venus

This planet second from the sun. According to its size, it is close to the diameter of the Earth, the diameter is 12 104 km. For all other indicators, Venus differs significantly from our planet. Day here lasts 243 terrestrial days, and year - 255 days. The atmosphere of Venus by 95% consists of carbon dioxide, which creates a greenhouse effect on its surface. This leads to the fact that the average temperature on the planet is 475 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere also includes 5% nitrogen and 0.1% oxygen.

1. Venus is the second planet from the sun in the solar system.
2. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, although it is the second planet from the sun. Surface temperature can reach 475 ° C.
   
3. The first spacecraft sent to the examination of Venus was sent from the ground on February 12, 1961 and was called Venus-1.
4. Venus is one of two planets, the direction of rotation of which around its axis differs from most planets in the solar system.
5. The orbit of the planet rotation around the sun is very close to circular.
6. The daily and night temperature of the Venus surface is practically no different due to the high heat inertia of the atmosphere.
7. One revolution around the Sun Venus is doing for 225 terrestrial days, and one turn around its axis for 243 terrestrial days, that is, one day on Venus lasts more than one year.
8. The first observations of Venus in the telescope carried out Galileo Galilee at the beginning of the 17th century.
9. Venus has no natural satellites.
10. Venus is the third in the brightness object on the sky, after the sun and the moon.

Land

Our planet is at a distance of 150 million km from the Sun and this allows you to create a temperature on its surface suitable for the existence of water in a liquid form, and it means to appear life.

Its surface is 70% covered with water, and it is the only one of the planets on which there is such a liquid. It is believed that many thousand years ago contained in the atmosphere of pairs created on the surface of the earth the temperature necessary for the formation of water in liquid form, and solar radiation contributed to the photosynthesis and life of life on the planet.

1. The land in the solar system is the third planet from the Sunsbut;
2. Around our planet rotates one natural satellite - the moon;
   
3. Earth is the only planet that is called not in honor of the Divine Being;
4. The density of the Earth is the largest of all planets in the solar system;
5. The speed of rotation of the Earth is gradually slowed down;
6. The average distance from the Earth to the Sun is 1 astronomical unit (the conditional measure is long in astronomy), which is approximately 150 million km.;
7. The land has a magnetic field of sufficient strength to protect the living organisms on its surface from destructive solar radiation;
8. The first artificial satellite of the Earth called PS-1 (the simplest satellite - 1) was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome on the satellite RN on October 4, 1957;
9. In orbit around the Earth, compared to other planets, is the largest amount of spacecraft;
10. The earth is the largest planet of the earth group in the solar system;

Mars

This planet is the fourth on the account of the Sun and removed from it for a distance of 1.5 times more than the Earth. The diameter of Mars is less terrestrial and is 6,779 km. The average air temperature on the planet varies from -155 degrees, up to +20 degrees in the equator area. The magnetic field on Mars is much weaker than that of the Earth, and the atmosphere is quite discharged, which allows unhindered solar radiation to affect the surface. In this regard, if there is life on Mars, it is not on the surface.

During the examination with the help of mercts, it was found that there are many mountains on Mars, as well as dried river beds and glaciers. The surface of the planet is covered with red sand. This color Mars gives iron oxide.

1. Mars is located on the fourth orbit from the Sun;
2. On the red planet there is the highest volcano in the solar system;
   
3. Of the 40 research missions sent to Mars, only 18 were successful;
4. Mars occurs the largest dust storms in the solar system;
5. After 30-50 million years, the rings system will be located around Mars, like Saturn;
6. The fragments of Mars were found on Earth;
7. The sun from the surface of Mars looks two times less than from the surface of the earth;
   
8. Mars is the only planet in the solar system, which has polar ice;
9. Ok Mars rotates two natural satellites -demos and phobos;
10. Mars does not have a magnetic field;

Jupiter

This planet is the largest in the solar system and has a diameter of 139,822 km, which is 19 times more terrestrial. Day for Jupiter last 10 hours, and the year is approximately 12 Earth years. Jupiter mainly consists of xenon, Argon and Crypton. If it were 60 times more, it could become a star due to the spontaneous thermonuclear reaction.

The average temperature on the planet is -150 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere consists of hydrogen and helium. Oxygen and water on its surface is not. There is an assumption that in the atmosphere of Jupiter there are ice.

1. Jupiter is located on the fifth orbit from the Sun;
2. On the earth's sky, Jupiter is the fourth in the brightness of the object, after the sun, the moon and Venus;
   
3. Jupiter is the shortest day of all the planets of the solar system;
4. In the atmosphere of Jupiter, it rages one of the longest and powerful storms in the solar system, better known as a large red stain;
5. Moon of Jupiter - Ganymed, is the largest moon in the solar system;
6. Around Jupiter is a thin rings system;
7. Jupiter visited 8 scientific and research apparatus;
   
8. Jupiter has a strong magnetic field;
   
9. If Jupiter was 80 times more massive, he would become a star;
10. Around Jupiter rotates 67 natural satellites. This is the largest indicator in the solar system;

Saturn

This planet is second in size in the solar system. Its diameter is 116,464 km. It is most similar in its composition with the sun. The year on this planet lasts for quite a long time, almost 30 terrestrial years, and the day is 10.5 hours. The average temperature on the surface is -180 degrees.

Its atmosphere consists mainly of hydrogen and a small amount of helium. In its upper layers, thunderstorms often arise and polar radiances.

1. Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun;
2. In the atmosphere of Saturn, the strongest winds are blowing in the solar system;
   
3. Saturn is one of the least dense planets in the solar system;
   
4. Around the planet is the largest rings in the solar system;
5. One day on the planet lasts almost one earthly year and are equal to 378 Earth days;
6. Saturn visited 4 research spacecraft;
7. Saturn, together with Jupiter, account for approximately 92% of the entire planetary mass of the solar system;
8. One year on the planet lasts 29.5 Earth years;
9. 62 famous natural satellites rotates around the planet;
10. Currently, the study of Saturn and his rings is engaged in the Cassini automatic interplanetary station;

Uranus

Uranus, Computer Artwork.

Uranus is the third to the size of the planet in the solar system and the seventh of the Sun. It has a diameter of 50,724 km. It is also called the "Ice Planet", since the temperature on its surface is -224 degrees. The day in uranium lasts 17 hours, and the year - 84 of the Earth years. At the same time, the summer lasts as much as winter - 42 years. Such a natural phenomenon is due to the fact that the axis of that planet is located at an angle of 90 degrees to the orbit and it turns out that uranium, as it were, "lies on the side."

1. Uranus is located on the seventh orbit from the Sun;
2. The first who learned about the existence of uranium became William Herschel in 1781;
   
3. Uranus visited only one spacecraft - Voyager 2 in 1982;
4. Uranus is the coldest planet in the solar system;
5. The plane of the uranium equator is tilted to the plane of its orbit almost at right angles - that is, the planet rotates retrogradi, "the lying on the side is slightly head down";
6. Uranium's moon wear titles taken from the works of William Shakespeare and Alexander Porup, and not Greek or Roman mythology;
7. A day in uranium lasts about 17 terrestrial hours;
8. Around the uranium there are 13 famous rings;
9. One year in uranium lasts 84 Earth years;
10. Around the uranium rotates 27 well-known natural satellites;

Neptune

Neptune - the eighth planet from the sun. In its composition and sizes, he is similar to Uranium's neighbor. The diameter of this planet is 49,244 km. The day at Neptune lasts 16 hours, and the year is 164 Earth years. Neptune refers to ice giants and for a long time it was believed that no weather events occur on its ice surface. However, it was recently found that on Neptune, a busy vortex and wind speed is the highest of the planets of the solar system. It reaches 700 km / h.

Neptune has 14 satellites, the most famous of which is Triton. It is known that it has its own atmosphere.

Neptune also has rings. This planet has 6.

1. Neptune is the most remote planet in the solar system and takes the eighth orbit from the Sun;
2. The first on the existence of Neptune recognized mathematicians;
   
3. There are 14 satellites around Neptune;
4. The orbit is not removed from the sun on average at 30 AE;
5. One day on Neptune lasts 16 terrestrial hours;
6. Neptune visited only one spacecraft - Voyager 2;
7. Around Neptune there is a rings system;
8. Neptune has a second largest gravity force after Jupiter;
9. One year at Neptune lasts 164 Earth years;
10. The atmosphere on Neptune is extremely active;

1. Jupiter is considered the largest planet of the solar system.
2. In the solar system there are 5 dwarf planets, one of which retrained to Pluto.
3. Very little in the solar system asteroids.
4. Venus is the hottest planet of the solar system.
5. About 99% of the place (by volume) takes the sun in the solar system.
6. One of the most beautiful and original places of the solar system is considered Saturn Saturn. There you can see a huge concentration of ethane and liquid methane.
7. Our solar system has a tail resembling a four-leaf clover.
8. The sun should be a continuous 11-year cycle.
9. In the solar system there are 8 planets.
10. Fully formed solar system due to a large gas-pepped cloud.
11. Spacecraft flew to all planets of the solar system.
12. Venus is the only planet of the solar system that rotates counterclockwise around its axis.
13. Uranus has 27 satellites.
14. The biggest mountain is on Mars.
15. A huge mass of the solar system facilities fell in the sun.
16. The solar system is located in the Milky Way Galaxy.
17. The sun is the central object of the solar system.
18. Often the solar system is divided into regions.
19. The sun is a key component of the solar system.
20. Approximately 4.5 billion years has been formed a solar system.
21. The most distant planet of the solar system is Pluto.
22. Two areas in the solar system are filled with small bodies.
23. The solar system is built contrary to all the laws of the universe.
24. If you compare the soy system and space, then it is just the sand in it.
25. Over the past few centuries, the solar system has lost 2 planets: Volcano and Pluto.
26. Researchers assure that the solar system was created artificially.
27. The only satellite of the solar system, which has a dense atmosphere and the surface of which will not be able to see due to cloud cover - titanium.
28. The region of the solar system, which is behind the orbit of Neptune is called a hiding belt.
29. The Oorta cloud is called the area of \u200b\u200bthe solar system, which serves as the source of the comet and the long period of appeal.
30. Each object of the solar system holds there due to the force of attraction.
31. The leading theory of the solar system involves the appearance of planets and satellites from a huge cloud.
32. The solar system is considered the most secret particle of the universe.
33. In the solar system there is a huge belt of asteroids.
34. On Mars you can see the eruption of the largest volcano of the solar system, which is called Olympus.
35. The outskirt of the solar system is considered Pluto.
36. Jupiter has a large ocean of liquid water.
37. The moon is the largest satellite of the solar system.
38. The largest asteroid of the solar system is considered pallada.
39. The brightest planet of the solar system is Venus.
40. Basically the solar system consists of hydrogen.
41. Earth is an equal member of the solar system.
42. The sun heats up slowly.
43. Oddly enough, the most huge stocks of water in the solar system are in the sun.
44. The plane of the equator of each planet of the solar system is dispelled with the orbit plane.
45. Mars satellite titled Phobos is an anomaly of the solar system.
46. The solvent system may affect its own manifold and scale.
47. Solar system planets are influenced by the sun.
48. The outer shell of the solar system is considered to be satellites and gas giants.
49. A huge number of planetary satellites of the solar system is dead.
50. The largest asteroid, the diameter of which is 950 km, is called Cereter.

On March 13, 1781, the English astronomer William Herschel opened the seventh planet of the Solar System - Uranus. And on March 13, 1930, American astronomer Clyde Tombo opened the ninth planet of the Solar System - Pluto. By the beginning of the XXI century it was believed that the solar system includes nine planets. However, in 2006, the International Astronomical Union decided to deprive the Pluton of this status.

There are already 60 natural satellites of Saturn, most of which are detected using spacecraft. Most of the satellites consists of rock and ice. The largest satellite - Titan, opened in 1655 by Christian Guigens, is superior to the Mercury Planet. Titanium diameter is about 5,200 km. Titan flies around Saturn every 16 days. Titan is the only satellite with a very dense atmosphere, 1.5 times more terrestrial, and consisting mainly of 90% nitrogen, with moderate methane content.

The International Astronomical Union officially recognized Pluto Planet in May 1930. At that moment, it was assumed that his mass is comparable to the mass of the earth, but later it was found that the mass of the pluto is almost 500 times less than the earth, even less than the mass of the moon. Mass of Pluto 1.2 per 10 B22 degree kg (0.22 mass of the Earth). The average distance of Pluto from the Sun 39.44 AE. (5.9 at 10 B12 degrees of the CM), the radius of about 1.65 thousand km. The period of circulation around the Sun is 248.6 years, the period of rotation around its axis is 6.4 days. Pluto composition presumably includes stone and ice; The planet has a thin atmosphere consisting of nitrogen, methane and carbon monofilament. Pluto has three satellites: Charon, Hydra and Nikta.

At the end of the XX and early XXI centuries, many objects were opened in the outside of the solar system. It became obvious that Pluto is just one of the largest objects known to the present objects of the Kuiper belt. Moreover, at least one of the objects of the belt - Erid is a larger body than Pluto and 27% harder. In this regard, the idea arose not to consider more Pluto as a planet. On August 24, 2006, at the XXVI General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union (MAC), it was decided to call Pluto not "planet", but a "dwarf planet".

The conference was developed by a new definition of the planet, according to which the planets are considered to be the bodies rotating around the star (and not the star), having a hydrostatically equilibrium form and the "clearing" region in the area of \u200b\u200btheir orbit from other, smaller, objects. The dwarf planets will be considered objects rotating around the stars having a hydrostatically equilibrium form, but not "clearing" nearby space and non-satellites. Planets and dwarf planets are two different classes of solar system objects. All other objects rotating around the Sun and are not satellites, will be called small bodies of the solar system.

Thus, since 2006, eight planets were in the solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. Five dwarf planets are officially recognized by the International Astronomical Union: Ceres, Pluto, Haumet, Mchamak, Erida.

On June 11, 2008, Mas declared the introduction of the concept of "Plotoid". Plutoids decided to call the heavenly bodies, turning around the Sun in orbit, the radius of which is more than the radius of the orbit of Neptune, the mass of which is sufficient so that the gravitational forces gave them almost a spherical shape, and which do not clear the space around their orbits (that is, there are many small objects around them. ).

Because for such distant objects as Plodoids, to determine the form and thus attitude to the class of dwarf planets is still difficult, scientists recommended all objects temporarily to plotoids, the absolute asteroid value of which (gloss from a distance of one astronomical unit) is brighter +1. If it is later clear that the objective planet is not considered to Plotoids, it is deprived of this status, although the assigned name will be left. Plotoids include dwarf planets Pluto and Erid. In July 2008, Mchamak was included in this category. September 17, 2008 Hawmea added list.

Material prepared on the basis of open sources information

Her planets and stars, especially compared to our land.

British astronomer John Braddy (John Brady) tried to clearly show the scale of objects in our galaxy, imposing the continents of the Earth and our world to heavenly bodies.

Many objects are so big that it is quite difficult to show their valid sizes.

Sizes of the planet Earth in comparison

Neutron Star

Neutron Star compared to the northeastern part of England

Neutron star is a rather strange and unusual object. Although its diameter is only 20 kilometers, its mass is 1.5 times more than the sun, since it is incredibly dense.

So dense that the teaspoon would have weighed a billion tons. And if you were standing on her surface, they felt gravity, which is 200 billion times morethan on our planet.

In addition, the neutron star has the ability to rotate, and the speed of the fastest neutron star is 716 times per second.

Mount Olympus on Mars

Martian Volcano Olympus is placed in Arizona

Although Mars is a relatively small planet, here is located the largest volcano in the solar system - Mount Olympus. She is 3 times higher than Mount Everest, reaching 624 km in width and 26 km in height.

At the top of this incredible structure there is a caldera with a diameter of 80 km.

Satellite of Jupiter Io

Comparison of the satellite of Jupiter - Io with North America

Satellite Io is the most volcanic body in the solar system. Its diameter is 3636 km, and the size is close to the size of the Earth's satellite - the moon. Io is just a tiny compared to Jupiter, being at a distance of 350,000 km from it (or 2.5 Jupiters).

Because of the gravitational attraction of Jupiter, the core is melted, and the volcanoes on the surface mow the lava, covering the Yo yellow gray. Lava streams are so highWhat if they happened on earth, they were higher than the international space station.

Sizes of stars and planets of the solar system

The planet Mars

North America compared to Mars

Planet Mars is not so big as it may seem. If you decide to fly on one side of Mars to another, it would take 8 hours. The diameter of Mars is 6792 km at the equator, and from the pole to the pole, it is 40 km less.

Mars is the second smallest planet in the solar system after Mercury. Actually mars Sushi mass is almost the same as on earth, And although it is much less than the Earth, there are no oceans on it.

Saturn

In the image you can see how much Saturn exceeds the land in size.

In the width of the rings of Saturn would fit 6 planets Earth.

Almost 10 planets of the Earth can fit on the diameter of the main disk of Saturn, and if it was possible to fill the space inside Saturn, it would fit into it 764 land.

Rings Saturn

That's how our planet looked like, if instead of the Disk Saturn placed the Earth

Saturn's icy rings consist of billion particles, ranging from tiny grains to a hill size.

Rings reach 1 km in thickness, and the distance from the inner ring to the external makes 282,000 kmAnd it is three quarters of the distance from the ground to the moon.

Jupiter

Sizes of North America on the background of Jupiter

Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, and his weight is more than all planets and satellites taken together.

The diameter of Jupiter is 142 984 km at the Equator. It is 11 times larger than the diameter of our planet. Lightning on Jupiter is 1000 times stronger than on Earth, and the wind speed in the upper layers of the atmosphere can reach 100 meters per second.

In addition, it is the fastest rotating planet that makes turnover around your axis for 10 hours (Earth makes turnover g of your axis in 24 hours).

The sun

Earth compared to the Sun

The sun is 99.86 percent of the mass of the entire solar system, which means that our land, other planets and satellites are just a small crushed stone, which remained after the formation of the Sun. 4.5 billion years ago.

The usual solar stain easily overshadows with its size. By the diameter of the Sun can fit 109 Planets Earth, but to fill the volume of the sun, it would take 1,300 000 lands.

Upon closer examination, the Sun looks granulated, and in total there are up to 4 million such granules on the diameter of the Sun disk, each of them up to 1000 km.

For 1 second, the Sun releases more energy than was produced in the entire history of mankind. It loses 4 billion material every second, but may live another 5 billion years.

But it is worth remembering that the sun is all one of the hundred billion stars in our Milky Way Galaxy.

Today we will talk about the fact that the earth is small and about the size of other huge celestial bodies in the universe. What are the size of the Earth compared to other planets and the stars of the Universe.

In fact, our planet is very, very small ... Compared with a lot of other celestial bodies, and even compared to the same sun land - a pea (a hundred times less by radius and 333 thousand times by weight), and there are stars in Once, hundreds, thousands (!!) times more than the sun ... In general, we are people, and each of us especially, microscopic traces of being in this universe, atoms, invisible to the eyes of creatures that could live on huge stars (theoretically, and maybe practically).

Thoughts from the film on the topic: It seems to us that the earth is big, it is so - for us, since we ourselves are small and the mass of our body is negligible in comparison with the scale of the universe, some have never even been abroad and in most people do not leave The limits of the house, the room, and the universe almost do not know anything. And the ants think that their anthill is huge, however, we will come to an ant and not even notice it. If we had the power to reduce the sun to the size of the leukocyte and reduce the proportionate Milky Way, it would be equal to the scale of Russia. And there are thousands or even millions and billions of galaxies besides the Milky Way ... it's not to fit into the consciousness of people.

Every year, astronomers open thousands (or more) new stars, planets, celestial bodies. Cosmos is an uncharted area, and how many more galaxies, star, planetary systems will be open, and it is possible that there are many similar solar systems with theoretically existing life. We can judge the size of all celestial bodies only about, and the number of galaxies, systems, celestial bodies in the universe is unknown. However, based on the known data - the ground is not the smallest object, but also far from the biggest, there are stars and planets in hundreds, thousands of times more !!

The biggest object, that is, the heavenly body, in the universe is not determined, because human capabilities are limited, with the help of satellites, telescopes we can see only a small part of the universe, and what, in the unknown gave and beyond the horizons, we do not know ... perhaps even big Heavenly bodies than detected by people.

So, in the framework of the solar system the largest object - the sun! Its radius is 1,392,000 km, then Jupiter is 139,822 km, Saturn - 116 464 km, Uranus - 50,724 km, Neptune - 49 244 km, Earth - 12742.0 km, Venus - 12103.6 km, Mars - 6780.0 km, etc.

Several dozen large objects - planets, satellites, stars and several hundred minor, it is only out of open, and there are not open.

The sun is greater than the land on the radius - 100 times, by more than once, by weight - at 333 thousand times. These are the scale.

The land of the 6th size of the object of the solar system is very close to the scale of the Earth Venus, and Mars is half less.

Earth is generally a pea compared to the sun. And all other planets, smaller, for the Sun - almost dust ...

However, the sun warms us independently of its sizes and our planet. Did you see, presented, walking on the ground soil, what is our planet in comparison with the sun almost a point? And accordingly - we are on it - microscopic microorganisms ...

However, people have the problems of pressing full, and sometimes there is no time to look on the earth under their feet.

Jupiter more than 10 times more landthis is the fifth remoteness from the sun of the planet (classified as a gas giant together with Saturn, Uranium, Neptune).

Earth after gas giants The first object in size after the sun in the solar system, Then the remaining planets of the earth group, Mercury after Saturn and Jupiter satellite.

Planets of the earth group - Mercury, Earth, Venus, Mars - planets located in the inner field of the solar system.

Pluto less than the moon is about one and a half times, today it is ranked with dwarf planets, he is the tenth celestial body in the solar system after 8 planets and Erides (a dwarf planet, approximately similar to Pluto), consists of ice and stones, in area like South America , a small planet, however, and she is more in comparison with the Earth with the Sun, the Earth is still two times less in proportions.

For example, Ganymed is a satellite of Jupiter, Titan - Saturna satellite - just 1.5 thousand km less than Mars and more pluto and large dwarf planets. Dwarf planets and satellites open recently - many, and already stars - more than a few million, or even billion.

Objects a little less than the Earth and half less than the earth in the solar system are several dozen, and those who are slightly less - several hundred. Imagine how much flies around our planet? However, say "flies around our planet" is incorrect, because as a rule, each planet has some relatively fixed place in the Sun system.

And if one asteroid flies towards the ground, it is possible to even calculate its approximate trajectory, the flight speed, the time of approximation to the ground, and using certain technologies, devices (such as lesters asteroid using heavy-duty atomic weapons in order to destroy part of the meteorite and how Consequence Changing the speed and path trajectory) Change the flight direction If the planet threatens the danger.

However, this theory, in practice, no such measures was applied, but cases of an unexpected fall of celestial bodies on the ground were recorded - for example, in the case of the same Chelyabinsk meteorite.

In our consciousness, the sun is a bright ball in the sky, in abstraction - some substance, which we know about satellites, observations and experiments of scientists. However, all that we see with your own eyes is a bright ball in the sky, which disappears overnight. If you compare the sizes of the sun and the earth, then it is about as a toy machine and a huge jeep, the jeep will dismiss the machine without even noticing. Also the sun, possess it at least a little more aggressive characteristics and the unrealistic possibility of moving - it would absorb everything in its path, including the Earth. By the way, one of the theories of the death of the planet in the future states that the sun will absorb the earth.

We are accustomed to living in a limited world, believe only what we see and take as a givenness just what we have under your feet and take the sun as a ball in the sky that lives for us in order to light the way with simple mortal, warm us, give We are energy, in general, we use the sun on the full program, and the thoughts that this bright star carries the potential danger, seem ridiculous. And only units of people will seriously think that there are other galaxies in which there are celestial objects more those in a solar system in hundreds, and sometimes thousands of times.

People simply do not fit in the mind that such a speed of light, how the celestial bodies move in the universe, these are not the formats of human consciousness ...

We talked about the size of the celestial bodies within the solar system, about the size of large planets, they said that the land of the 6th largest object is sunny system and that the earth is a hundred times smaller than the sun (in diameter), and by weight of 333 thousand However, there is in the Universe of the celestial bodies much more than the sun. And if the comparison of the Sun and the Earth did not fit into the consciousness of ordinary mortals, then the fact that there are stars compared to which the sun - the ball is not to fit in us.

However, as evidenced by studies of scientists, and there is. And this is a fact based on the data obtained by astronomers. There are other star systems where the life of the planets exists like our sunny. Under the "Life of Planets" means not earthly life with people or other beings, but the existence of planets in this system. So, to the question of life in space - every year, the scholars come to the conclusion that life on other planets is only possible, but it remains only assumptions. In the solar system, Mars is the only close under the conditions to the earth planet, but the planets of other star systems have not been investigated in completeness.

For example:

"It is believed that land-like planets are most favorable for the occurrence of life, so their search attracts close attention to the public. So in December 2005, scientists from the Institute of Space Sciences (Pasaden, California) reported on the detection of the stars similar to the sun, around which the rocky planets are presumably formed.

In the future, planets were found, which only several times of massive land and probably should have a solid surface.

An example of an exoplanet of the earth's type can serve as supest. As of June 2012, more than 50 supermenities were found. "

These are the supermenities and there are potential carriers of life in the universe. Although this is a question, since the chief criterion class of such planets is a mass of more than 1 time more than the mass of the Earth, but all the discovered planets rotate around the stars with less thermal radiation in comparison with the Sun, as a rule of white, red and orange dwarfs.

The first supest found in the inhabited zone in 2007 is a planet Glize 581 C near the star Glize 581, the planet had a lot of about 5 masses of the Earth, "removed from his star by 0.073 a. e. and is located in the area "Life Zones" of the star Glize 581. " Later, another series of planets near this star was opened and today they are called as a planetary system, the star itself has a low luminosity, a few dozen times smaller than the sun. It was one of the most sensational discoveries of astronomy.

However, back to the theme of big stars.

Below are photos of the largest objects of the solar system and stars in comparison with the Sun, and then with the latest star in the previous photo.

Mercury< Марс < Венера < Земля;

Land< Нептун < Уран < Сатурн < Юпитер;

Jupiter< < Солнце < Сириус;

Sirius< Поллукс < Арктур < Альдебаран;

Aldebaran.< Ригель < Антарес < Бетельгейзе;

Bethelgeuse< Мю Цефея < < VY Большого Пса

And on this list, the smallest stars and planets (truly large in this list, perhaps, only the star Vy of a big dog) .. The biggest even cannot be put in a row with the sun, since the sun simply will not be visible.

The Equatorial Radius of the Sun is used as a unit of measurement of the star radius - 695,700 km.

For example, the star VV Cefheva is 10 times more than the sun, and Between the Sun and Jupiter, the most large star is considered Wolf 359 (a single star in the constellation of a lion, weak red dwarf).

VV Cefheva (not to be confused with a star of the same name with the "prefix" a) - "The eclipse double star of the Algol type in the constellation of the Cefi, which is at a distance of about 5,000 light years from the Earth. Component A is the seventh along the radius of the star, known science for 2015 and the second largest star in the Milky Way Galaxy (after VY of Big PSA). "

"Capella (α Aur / α Eastern / Alpha Easy) is the brightest star in the constellation of the erection, the sixth of the brightness of the star in the sky and the third in brightness in the Northern Hemisphere sky."

Capella 12, 2 times more sun on the radius.

Polar star 30 times more than the sun on the radius. The star in the constellation is small Medviditsa, is located near the North Pole of the World, the supergiant of the spectral class F7I.

Star Y Round Pdes More Sun in (!!!) 300 times! (that is, more than 3000 times somewhere), a red giant in the constellation of the racing pieces, one of the coolest and red stars. And this is not the biggest star.

For example, the star VV Cefhea A is more than the sun on a radius of 2050-1900 times! And the star is very interesting to its impermanence and "thumbiness": "The luminosity is 275,000-575,000 times more. The star fills the cavity of Rosh, and her substance flows to the next companion. Gas expire speed reaches 200 km / s. It has been established that VV Cefhea A is a physical variable pulsating with a period of 150 days. "

Of course, the majority of us will not understand the information with scientific terms, if concise - the star is hot, losing matter. Its dimensions, strength, the luminosity brightness is simply impossible.

So, the 5 largest stars in the universe (recognized as such from now known and open), in comparison with which our Sun is a pea and dusting:

- VX Sagittarius - 1520 times more than the diameter of the Sun. Supergigant, hypergigant, a variable star in the constellation Sagittarius, loses its mass due to star wind.

- Westland 1-26 - approximately 1530-2544 times more than the radius of the sun. Red supergigant or hypergigant, "is in a star cluster Westland 1 in the constellation of the altar."

- WOH G64 star from Golden Fish Constellation, the red supergiant of the spectral class M7.5 is located in the neighboring galaxy large magtel cloud. The distance to the solar system is approximately 163 thousand centuries. years old. More than 1540 times radius.

- NML Swan (V1489 Swan) More Sun on Radius at 1183 - 2775 times- "Star, Red Hypergigant, is in the winned constellation."

- UY shields more than the radius of the sun in 1516 - 1900 times. Currently, the biggest star in the Milky Way and the Universe.

"UY Shield - Star (Hypergigant) in the Constellation of the Shield. Is at a distance of 9500 sv. years (2900 pc) from the sun.

This is one of the largest and most striking famous stars. According to scientists, the radius of the shield is 1708 the radii of the Sun, the diameter of 2.4 billion km (15.9 a. E.). At the peak of ripples, radius can reach 2000 sun radius. The volume of the stars about 5 billion times more than the volume of the sun. "

From this list we see that there are about a hundred (90) stars much more than the sun (!!!). And there are such stars, on the scale of which the sun is a grain, and the earth is not even dust, but an atom.

The fact is that the places in this list are distributed on the principle of accuracy of determining parameters, mass, there are approximately more huge stars than the UY shield, but their dimensions and other parameters are not specified, however, the parameters of this star once may be questioned. It is clear that the stars of 1000-2000 times more than the sun exist.

And, perhaps, there are some of some or form planetary systems, and who will guarantee that there can not be life ... or not now? Didn't it be or never? No one ... We know too little about the universe and space.

Yes, and even from the stars presented in the pictures - the latest star - VY large PSA has a radius equal to 1420 radii of the sun, but the star of the UY shield at the peak of ripples about 2000 sun radius, and there are stars presumably more than 2.5 thousand sun radius. Such scales cannot be submitted, this is the truth of extraterrestrial formats.

Of course, the question is interesting - look at the picture the first in the article and for the last photos, where many, many stars - how does such a number of celestial bodies coexist in the Universe quite calm? There are no explosions, the collisions of these the most supergigants, because the sky, from what apparently for us, tends to the stars ... In fact, it's just a conclusion of ordinary mortals that do not understand the scale of the Universe - we see a distorted picture, and in fact there are enough space there all And perhaps there are also explosions and clashes, it simply does not lead to the death of the universe and even part of the galaxies, because the distance from the star to the star is huge.

We are returning from the stars, so our flight begins with the farthest areas of the solar system, from its outer part. And the first to our gaze will appear Pluto.

Pluto - Tiny Cold Planet, located 40 times later from the Sun than the Earth. This planet was discovered only in 1930 and called Pluto in honor of the god of the underground kingdom in antique mythology. The temperature on the planet is on average -223 ° C.

The Hubble Space Telescope photographed the entire surface of the planet, after which the Pluto map was composed. The north pole of pluto is covered with a cap of the snow.

From the day of its discovery in 1930 and until 2006, Pluto was considered the ninth planet of the solar system. However, at the end of the XX and early XXI centuries, a set of objects were opened in the outer part of the solar system, for example, Erid, which is 27% massive pluto. Since then, Pluto ranked to dwarf planets together with Erid and Cerens.

Pluto has a satellite - Charon. A pair of celestial bodies forms a system that scientists called a double dwarf planet. The center of masses of such education is in open space.

But now we are approaching the longest planet of the solar system, the eighth in the account - to Neptune.

Neptune weight is 17.2 times, and the diameter of the equator is 3.9 times more than that of the Earth. The planet was named after the Roman God of the Seas.

Detected on September 23, 1846, Neptune became the first planet, opened due to mathematical calculations, and not by regular observations.

Some secrets of this distant planet were able to open the Space Probe Voyager-2 in 1989. The weather in Neptune is characterized by an extremely dynamic system of storms, with winds that sometimes achieve supersonic velocities (about 600 m / s)

The mass of the Neptune mantle exceeds the earthly 10-15 times, according to various estimates, and rich in water, ammonia, methane and other connections. According to generally accepted in the planetology of terminology, this matter is called ice, even though it is hot, very dense liquid. However, the temperature on the surface of Neptune on average is -200 ° C

Next on our planet path - Uranus.

The seventh for the distance from the Sun, the third diameter and the fourth mass of the planet of the solar system. It was opened in 1781 and named in honor of the Greek god of the sky of uranium.

To judge the internal structure of uranium is possible only by indirect features.

Uranus 60 times more than our Earth, but the mass of it is only 14.5 times the earthly. This is due to the fact that the average density of uranium is slightly more than that of the water. Such low densities are typical for all four planets - giants consisting mainly of light chemical elements. It is believed that in the very center of uranium the stone core is located mainly from silicon oxides. The diameter of the nucleus is 1.5 times the most of our land. Around it - a shell of a mixture of water ice and stone breeds. Even above, the global ocean of liquid hydrogen, and then a very powerful atmosphere. On another model, it is assumed that uranium has no stone kernel at all. In this case, the uranium should look like a huge ball of snow "porridge", consisting of a mixture of liquid and ice, enveloped by a gas shell.

Approaching a very beautiful planet, which is sometimes called the Lord of the Rings, to Saturn.

Fabulous rings Saturn can not be confused with any other objects of the solar system.

The width of the rings is equal to 400 thousand km, but in the thickness they constitute only a few tens of meters. All rings consist of separate pieces of ice of different sizes: from dusty up to several meters in the diameter. These particles move with almost the same speeds (about 10 km / s, their speed is so well equalized that the adjacent particles seem to be fixed in relation to each other), sometimes facing each other.

For a long time it was believed that a careless satellite was approaching Saturn and was broken by his tidal forces "in the nurses", the remains of which turned into rings. But the data "Voyagerov" denied this common opinion. It has now been established that the rings of Saturn (and other planets too) are the remnants of a huge seaside cloud with a length of many millions of kilometers.

If you lower the Saturn in the water, it will swim on the surface. The average density of Saturn substance is almost 2 times less than the density of water. If you can find the appropriate glass (with a diameter of at least 60 thousand km), you can check it yourself.

Finally, the last planet giant in the outer part of the system - Jupiter.

Jupiter - the fifth planet from the Sun - is a huge gas ball.

Jupiter exceeds the ground by weight of 318 times, and in length of diameter by 11.2 times.

62 satellites are moving around the giant. The most famous of them are adracy, methda, amaltea, phyva, Io, Lisite, Elara, Anank, Karma, Pacife, Cinop, Europe, Gamornad, Callisto, Leda and Himalia. 47 "Lun" Jupiter were open after 1997, when powerful telescopes appeared. Jupiter also has a rings system representing a combination of small stone particles.

Let's be cleaned close to him to consider one of the most recognizable attractions of Jupiter - a large red spot.

A large red stain is an anticyclone whirlwind, raging in the atmosphere of the planet. An ordinary hurricane, similar to our, earth, but its value is enormous.

Inside a large red spot, three such planets would fit like our. And he is raging for 350 years in front of humanity. And how much he raged before in 1665, Giovanni Cassini was able to see it in a telescope for the first time, it's not known anyone.

It is assumed that such a long existence of the vortex is due to the fact that he never has to deal with the "terrestrial firm", which extinguishes the vortices on Earth, - on Jupiter, there is simply missing.

And now we are already flocked to the internal solar system. Called the dwarf planet Cherry and approach mysterious Moss.

Mars - Fourth for remoteness from the Sun and the seventh size of the planet of the solar system. This planet is named after Mars - the Ancient Roman God of war. Sometimes Mars is called the "red planet" due to a reddish shade of the surface attached to it iron oxide.

The temperature on the planet ranges from -153 on the pole in winter and up to +20 ° C with superfluous at the equator at noon. Numerous studies and data transmitted from mercursors help us learn more about this neighbor. There are evidence that in the past the atmosphere could be more dense, and the climate was warm and wet, and liquid water existed on the surface of Mars and rained.

On July 25, 1976, the American Space Agency "Viking-1" photographed Mars - specialists chose places for landing future expeditions. A snapshot of the Kidonia District, located at the Acidali Plain, was also included in the land. From the photo on us from space, Sphinx was clearly watched, as they called this mysterious pyramid, mountain or hill.

Disputes about this image do not subside so far? What is this, fancy the game of light and shadows or traces of previous civilizations? Maybe you, over time, will disclose this mystery?

What planet, third from the sun, we fly now? Of course, Earth.

We lick her with your hand, but I still proceed without stopping.

Ahead of us is waiting for hot and translated Venus.

The most beautiful and most close one of the planets is Venus - the Millennium rises the views of a person to themselves. How many brilliant poems gave rise to Venus! No wonder she is the name of the goddess of love. But no matter how much scientists did not study our nearest neighbor on the solar system, the number of questions that are just waiting for answers without decreasing. Planet is full of mysteries and miracles.

Venus, planet not for weak. Not only is it hot, but thunderstorms are still raging on it and they beat the lightning directly from the clouds consisting of sulfuric acid.

The cause of the heating of the planet is in its dense clouds. They do not produce heat outward, creating a greenhouse effect.

The greenhouse effect takes place in the atmospheres of other planets. But if in the atmosphere of Mars, it raises the average temperature at the surface by 9 °, in the atmosphere of the Earth - 35 °, then in the atmosphere of Venus this effect reaches 400 degrees! Registered maximum temperature on the surface + 480 ° C.

Finally, the last planet on the way to the Sun - Mercury.

This relatively small cosmic body has its own features and secrets.

Mercury receives 7 times more solar energy than land. Surface temperature on the sunny side can rise to 400 degrees Celsius! At the same time, the shadow side ruins a strong frost (-200 degrees Celsius).

And now we have our goal of our journey, approach the center of our system, to the star name The sun.

• 99% of the mass of the solar system is concentrated in the sun. For one minute the sun produces more energy than the whole earth spends over the year. The light of the sun, which you see, has age of 30 thousand years - it is so much time it is necessary that the photons (particles of light) "make their way" from the center shone to its surface. After that, they reach the Earth in just 8 minutes. Solar kernel temperature over 13 million degrees.
• The sun rotates around the center of our galaxy, the Milky Way, making a full turn every 225-250 million years.
• We all see that the sun is yellow or orange, but in fact, it is white. Yellow tones of the Sun gives a phenomenon called "Atmospheric scattering".
• 700 billion tons of hydrogen burns every second. Despite such a huge speed of losses, the energy of the Sun is enough for another 5 billion years of such a lifetime (about the same summer sun from birth).
• The crown is the last outer sheath of the sun. Despite its very high temperature, from 600,000 to 5,000,000 degrees, it is visible to the unarmed eye only during a complete solar eclipse.
• The average density of the sun is equal to the density of water in the dead sea.
• Every second, the Sun produces 100,000 times more energy than humanity produced in his entire history.

Sometimes the sun exhibits increased activity. We can observe it as flashes and protuberans.