Security alarm is designed to detect penetration or its attempts on the object that equipped it and the formation of the corresponding alerts.

Under alerts are understood:

• forming a sound and (or) light signal;
• transfer alarm message to a remote monitor.

In the first case, security alarms of various principles of operation, appointment and constructive execution are used. The second option provides for the transmission of information on the centralized security console (FOS) or mobile phone owner of the object.

Centralized security alarm is in its composition equipment, which is intended to solve several tasks.

1. The bulk part of the IP notification system should provide the identification of protected premises and monitor the status of the installed alarm.

2. The interface block is intended for pairing a security system and EQUIPMENT. It transmits information on:

• telephone lines;
• dedicated radio channel;
• GSM communication channels.

In the absence of centralized security, the state of the system receives its owner. In this case, there is only one option - using the GSM signaling module. Such equipment works with any cell phone, since the exchange of information is carried out by sending and receiving SMS messages.

All modern instruments of notification systems have the ability to operate in two directions (receiving and transmitting information). This allows you to implement additional options, the main of which is an automated arming object.

In the case of centralized alarm, the most popular way is to manage equipment by proximity cards or Touch Memory keys.

In this case, from the user only to attach an identifier to the reader and wait for confirmation from the PCO. As a rule, the light indication is indicated about the successful security alarm system.

For private GSM systems, the sending function to the SMS telephone number has been implemented. In addition, at any time you can send a request and obtain information about the status of alarm in Online mode. The response rate in this case depends on how quickly the mobile operator delivers SMS.

If for some reason, the specified sensors did not work, they will force them infrared detectors. Depending on the principle of operation, these devices are designed for:

• detection of motion inside a certain volume;
• blocking extended linear zones (corridors, territory perimeter sites);
• protection of various surfaces "on the pass" (door and window openings, areas of non-vacant and temporary structures, walls, overlap).

Since one of the purpose of the instruments of the security alarm system is the transfer of information, it should be noted two main ways to organize data exchange: wired and wireless. Each of them can be used both for the object part of the equipment and for the sleep and has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Requirements and characteristics

The main requirement for any security equipment is to ensure reliability of work in various modes. It is important how to show the place of violation. For this purpose, the separation of a protected area is applied to the minimum zones as possible, each of which is controlled separately.

Perfect is to track the state of each sensor. This is possible when using the address principle of building a system.

The next requirement for security alarm is to maintain performance when the power supply is disconnected. The implementation method is to install an uninterruptible power supply that has the following characteristics:

• the nominal current must be no less than the total current consumption of all equipment;
• the battery capacity (AKB) must ensure uninterrupted operation of the equipment for a certain time.

If you follow the requirements of regulatory documents, this time is 24 hours in protection mode and 3 hours in anxiety mode. In the specifications of the security alarm devices, consumed currents are indicated for each of these two modes. Having lifting them, we get the value that you need to multiply in the desired time (24 and 3 hours).

The greatest value will give us a characteristic that determines the required capacity of the battery.

For systems installed on large objects, the power consumption of all equipment may turn out to be such that it will be difficult to choose the desired characteristics of the power supply. In this case, it is necessary to divide the electrical consuming devices into groups by connecting each to a separate voltage source.

Another important requirement is to eliminate the possibility of unauthorized impact on the system in order to deteriorate its characteristics or complete output. Possible actions of the criminal in this direction:

• disconnection of a part or a whole plume (loop) alarm;
• mechanical impact on detectors (devices), leading to limitation or complete loss of functionality.

The first can be possible as a result of the installation of jumpers, various shunt elements, etc., by the way, with the use of radio channel systems, this trouble is excluded. In the second case, the installation of masks (lens painting) optical electronic detectors is most often practiced, blocking magneto-contact sensors by installing an additional powerful magnet.

It should be noted that all these actions can be implemented in unguarded time, that is, when access of unauthorized persons is open to the object. You can prevent it with a hidden gasket of electrical circuits, installation of detectors in hard-to-reach places, applying devices with round-the-clock included anti-sabotage zones.

A good approach to the design of the security system, the use of technical means with characteristics to prevent, minimize or in advance to detect the effects of foreign intervention can significantly increase the reliability of alarm.

An important value of the timely maintenance of alarm system is also important in compliance with all the requirements for its conduct.

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Signaling this system is focused on protection of office, houses, apartments, warehouse or production facilities from unauthorized penetration.

The task is performed using the collaboration of a large number of equipment:

• periphery (all sorts of sensors whose groups control one or another section of the room, perimeter, as well as inputs and windows);
• the console (is the system control body, it allows you to program its actions, adjust the sensitivity thresholds, etc.);
• executing devices (door lock systems, lighting systems, acoustics, radio transmitters);
• mobile console, which is always at hand at the owner of an apartment, administrator or guard office, shop or warehouse).

Despite the variety of receiving and transmission devices and executive, the safety of the room and the building is determined primarily by the quality and number of sensors, as well as places of their location.

The list of types of sensors may take several pages in small font. The following types are often used:

- motion sensors;

- window and door sensors registering the fact of breaking the glass or hacking of the door lock;

- infrared sensors;

- Ultrasound and vibration.

Their task is to fix the fact of unauthorized penetration, send a signal to the remote control (consoles) and initiate, thus, the alarm is:

1) passive alarm system triggers in the form of inclusion of lighting and noise effects, screking intruders;

2) Active alarm sends a signal to the security console or duty of private security.

Alarm for giving has a number of features that distinguish it from an alarm apartment or office space. Thus, the list of types of sensors is not too diverse - quite sufficient sensors of movement, the sensors of breaking the glass and devices that react to unlock the doors or hacking. The control panel is usually located at the input, and - inside the house, which practically eliminates the possibility of selecting a password for it (when the owner is turned on, the owner has time to, opening the door of the house, to dial the signal of the signal devices and the radio transmitter, but quite small).

A highly useful alarm system may also be very useful, the elements of which should be evenly arranged in the rooms at home. Their task is not only to move the robber or thief, but also to notify the fact of unauthorized penetration of neighbors, thus duplicated, thus, the signal of the transmitting device.

In addition to sensors focused on detecting the fact of penetration into the house, gas leakage sensors, as well as detectors that are used in fire alarm systems, are relevant for any country residential buildings.

Alarm for a country house happens:

• the autonomous system during response activates the light-sound drives, without sending the signal to the security console;

• the pulp alarm may include as an intellectual part, which is mandatory, the signal on the bullets of the security company or private security sends.

The second option is preferable, because by itself the fact of inclusion in the house of the light alarm may not scare the attackers or will not lead to the appearance next to the house of alarmed neighbors.

The alarm for the apartment in general terms is similar to that in the country house. The difference, however, is - in the apartment it is appropriate to use not only the pultal alarm, but also autonomous - it will notify the owner of the apartment - if he is at home, about the fact of penetration and give time to dial the police number. Of course, the remove alarm is effective and, in general, significantly reduces the risk of the apartment owner to suffer from the actions of intruders. However, in situations, the lack of funds for the installation and maintenance of the remote alarm can be done and autonomous.

If there is a local home computer network in the apartment, it makes sense to ensure the operation of an alarm elements using Ethernet: with wired and wireless execution. However, much more reliable is a wired independent system, which does not depend on the state of the local network of the house and sends alerts on the penetration of the apartment to the remote control or on the mobile phone (or the remote) of the home owner.

The version of the control panel (control panel) is similar to those in the alarm systems of country houses or offices. For an apartment, except that the number of loops (and therefore sensors) will be much smaller - such alarm will cost cheaper than alarm system for a country house or large, with a variety of rooms and windows, office.

The transmission of the signal from the control-transmitting device can be carried out both on the telephone line and through the GSM channel. The first option seems more reliable - due to the fact that the coating in the zone where the apartment is located may be not too stable.

The basis for carrying out security alarm installation is a project. First of all, it provides for a selection of the type of system: wired, wireless (integrated protected area network) capable of sending a message to the owner or guard, GSM alarm - each has its advantages.

A wired option requires a significant amount of installation work on the installation of cables, their disguise and protection, and GSM, for example, depends on the stability of the transmitter signal.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account who "tied" will be "tied" - on the owner of the building or structure or the security service that is responsible for the safety of the object - and, accordingly, who will flow a signal on the entry into the object.

In the course of work on the project are determined in this way:

• system type;
• the number of elements (sensors, controllers, storage systems and information processing, etc.);
• location of all elements.

Installation work is carried out in accurately compliance with the project and can assume the integration of the alarm system into the overall security system.

Varieties (types) of systems of security alarms

The main task of the security alarm systems is the timely alert of the owners of the premises or law enforcement agencies on the attempt to illegal entry into the territory of the premises of the premises under guard.

This goal is achieved only with the right to equip the premises with modern and high-tech alarm systems. These security alarm systems can be autonomous, and then their main goal is to scare away the offender and notify others about an attempt to unauthorized penetration into a protected area with sound siren. But a much greater effect will be achieved if the system of signaling of the removal to the centralized console of private security or a security enterprise. Typically distinguish the following types of security alarms.

Autonomous system alarm system

When using it, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room is equipped with special sensors, sound sirens, as well as gate flashes. All these devices are connected to the common control panel. In the event of penetration into the territory of the protected premises, one or another sensor is triggered. The signal is transmitted to the control panel, which activates the alert devices (sirens and light flashes). Activation and shutdown of the autonomous alarm system is usually running from the keyboard panel or using the console.

GSM system alarm system

When using this type of security alarm, special sensors and GSM module are installed on the territory of the protected object. The system management is also carried out using the control panel. If the sensor is triggered, then such a system begins to transmit alarm signals as SMS or voice messages on mobile phones of responsible persons. This type of security system is also initiated by a keychain or keyboard.

Signal with a telephone line connection

As in other types of systems, the guarded premises is equipped with special sensors, and a communication block and a control panel. When an alarm signal is received and the system is triggered, a special module is activated, which starts sending voice messages to the telephone numbers programmed in it. The inclusion and deactivation of the alarm system is performed by the keyboard or a special keychain.

System of alarm with an output to the control panel

The room is equipped with sensors and a communication module that are connected to the control panel. When one of the sensors is triggered, the signal from the control panel will be directed to the centralized control panel. As channels for communication with the security console, telephone lines, radio frequency channels, or GSM lines can be used. In order to increase reliability, it is possible to share several of the listed data transmission methods. Statution of the alarm system and its removal of protection is carried out autonomously confirming the action of the operator of the control panel.

To ensure a high level of safety at real estate, special electronic systems are used. These include a security and fire alarm.

In order not to install two independent alarms, which will require large financial costs, an integrated OPS system has been developed, which is and how it is used will be discussed below.

OPS is a fire and security alarm that are combined in one multifunction system.

The advantage of this kind of complexes is that they have a single software and hardware module that controls the operation of all security and fire sensors, as well as external systems and devices that support security at the facility.

Modern security and fire alarms can be part of:

1. automatic fire extinguishing systems;
2. copier protection;
3. integrated security systems;
4. access control systems.

Purpose of ops

In accordance with the standard of GOST 26342-84, the main task that the security and fire alarm must be solved is to obtain an alarm sensors, their processing, subsequent transmission to the alarm and fire service consoles, as well as providing users with information about an attempt to penetrate the room or about fire.

Purpose of the security and fire and alarm means:

• support for round-the-clock control of the protected object;
• detection of fires in the earliest stages;
• accurate determination of the place of penetration on the object or the start of the fire;
• providing security and fire services, as well as owners of real estate information about trying to hack or the beginning of a fire;
• management of the alert, autonomous fire extinguishing, smoke removal, personnel evacuation;
• automatic self-diagnosis of security and fire sensors, as well as executive systems;
• support for the full functionality of the alarms during power from backup power sources.

OPS classification

Fire alarm systems have their own classification, which includes three categories.

Addressable

This security and fire alarm is intended to monitor large and middle-scale objects, protecting them from robbery and fire.

This kind of signaling allows you to determine the exact location of the ignition or penetration.

This feature is associated with the possibility of sensors used to transmit to the center console except the alarm, also data on which of the sensors and in which plume has worked.

Due to this, it is possible to accurately determine a dangerous place, which will allow you to immediately eliminate the fire or neutralize intruders.

Inadessic

The security and fire alarm of this type is intended for the protection of small objects.

Its honors from the previous system is that it allows you to define only the loop number, the sensor of which passed the alarm. Determine the exact location where the danger was detected, this type of system does not allow.

Address-analog

The security and fire alarm system of this class refers to the highest efficient and reliable systems that continuously monitor the protected object by analyzing various telemetry information: the temperature of the air medium, the presence of smoke, strong mechanical vibrations, sound waves, etc.

The main difference from all previous OPS is that the decision to notice the danger at the facility is made by the central processor on the basis of the analysis of many indicators derived from different sensors and sensors installed on the object.

This type of security and fire alarm is a complex electronic complex, which is characterized by the high accuracy of the definition of danger places and practically does not have false positives.

Crow this, this type of signaling provides for a constant receipt from sensors of information about the controlled parameter, therefore, if the sensor failures occur, then it will be possible to immediately know via the visual notification of the signaling control panel.

Standard package of ops

A security and fire alarm of any of the listed types has a specific set of devices that provide its functionality.

The main one includes:

1. detectors (security and fire sensors);
2. receiving and control console;
3. devices and hazard alert systems;
4. communication lines between the sensors and the console, as well as between the console and the alarms (there may be radio channel, wired loop, GSM or GPRS);
5. the backup power system (it can be a battery, a gasoline / diesel generator thanks to which the OPS system functions continuously);
6. peripheral actuators;
7. specialized Software for managing the operation of alarm.

Sensors that are equipped with a fire alarm system, depending on the technology of detection of penetration on the object or the presence of ignition, are divided into the following categories:

• ultrasound;
• infrared (passive or active);
• magnetocontact;
• radio wave;
• vibration;
• acoustic;
• light;
• combined action.

Depending on the specific tasks, the implementation of which the security and fire systems are calculated, there may also include other kinds of sensors that allow you to control the environmental parameters.

These can be sensors controlling the temperature and humidity, gas and water leakage, other.

Their use will significantly expand the appointment of fire automatic alarm, ensuring its functions that are characteristic of such systems as a "smart home".

Sensors that are completed by security systems, there are a lot of species.

Among those that use the fire alarm, you need to highlight the following:

1. smoke - determine the presence of smoke indoors (depending on the sensor used can be photovoltaic, ionization, differential, aspiration, optoelectronic, radioisotope);
2. temperature (thermal) - fix the temperature rise above the established threshold (they can be differential, absolute, linear thermocabellable, multipoint);
3. flame sensors - determine the presence of open foci of the flame (OPS system may have ultraviolet, infrared, optoelectronic and multidia-band);
4. gas sensors - detect the presence of a certain concentration of gas in the air (may be semiconductor, electrochemical, optoelectronic, thermometric, thermometric);
5. multisensory sensors - this type of device can detect fire in several parameters, the number of which is determined by the number of sensors in the sensor.

Standard functionality

Regardless of the model and manufacturer, each security and fire alarm must provide a standard set of functions that includes:

• identification of fire foci in the early stages;
• determining the moment of penetration on the object;
• detection of leakage of gas or water indoors;
• determination of temperature rise above the norm, as well as the appearance of smoke;
• transmission of alarm to the consoles of security and fire services;
• inclusion of alert and anxiety systems;
• management of stationary smoke and fire extinguishing systems;
• management of the evacuation process of people from the object.

From what is presented above, it is possible to conclude that even the main functions that the OPS system has effectively protect the object from fire and robbery.

Features of design and installation OPS

In order for security and fire alarms efficiently function, it is important to properly compile its project and subsequently perform the installation of all functional elements.

To the main points that should be considered when the OPS system is designed:

1. selection of the structure and type of system used;
2. determining the number of security and fire sensors of a certain type;
3. analysis of the need for accommodation at the facility of additional functional sensors and sensors;
4. the choice of type and characteristics of the communication line, which will communicate between the central console, detectors and actuating devices;
5. the selection of the receiving and control console, which should control the operation of the alarm and communicate with the fire and security service consoles (the console must be compatible with the consoles);
6. determining optimal autonomous power sources, thanks to which the fire alarm system will function without interruptions.

In the design process, it is important to consider also the possibility of expanding the signaling functional in the future. In this case, the OPS system can be easily enhanced by adding new sensors or alert devices without the need for a significant processing of the already functioning system.

Conclusion

Modern security and fire alarm is precisely the security tool that will protect the object and from the "unreasonable guests", and from a possible fire.

Today, there is a large number of both ready-made sets and individual devices, with which the optimal OPS system can be constructed.

In order for the system created by the fire and security system, it always functioned correctly and could help in case of trouble, you should entrust the installation of this kind of systems to professional companies.

They competently compile the project, select the appropriate equipment and will install it and configure it. Subsequently, the client will have a multifunctional and fault-tolerant security and fire alarm.

Video: Security and Fire Alarm

Probably, no one is a secret of the fact that lovers to get started with a strange good (and found) always and everywhere in huge quantities. But modern technologies stepped out so far ahead that an attacker, he knows at least a thousand ways to penetrate private possessions, will be quite difficult to carry out its plan. This is due to the fact that in recent times there are integrated protective solutions that combine quite a lot of opportunities. This is a security system for a private house, office, bank, enterprises, etc. Consider the most basic aspects regarding the functioning of such devices.

Security systems for a private house: species and general concepts

So, what does such a system represent? It is worth clearly distinguish between the complexity of the association of total control components, the possibilities of tracking uninvited guests, alert types, as well as equipment connectivity options.

To date, there are three main types of such systems:

• autonomous systems "Smart Home";
• wired systems;
• wireless (security GSM systems for a private house or office).

Let us briefly focus on each type. But first, a few words about the equipment used.

Used equipment

If you understand, any security system for a private house, office or enterprise, depending on the degree of complexity and the functions assigned to it, should include several mandatory components: a visual surveillance system or the use of motion sensors, a warning system when trying to illegal invasion (sound or sound or Light alarm, snapping SMS messages at home or office), the ability to block an attacker if it is already penetrating the inside of the room, the central control panel and the uninterruptible power supply unit in case of turning off the electricity.

It goes without saying that in the simplest case, for the most part only motion sensors are installed. Among their types, the following are distinguished:

• passive infrared sensors reacting to thermal radiation;
• radi infrared sensors with a reaction to find a moving object in the rue crossing zone;
• sensors operating on the basis of reflection of the radio wave sent to a moving object (by the type of volatile mice);
• contact magnetic sensors triggered when opening doors;
• vibrating sensors defining the slightest vibration of the surface on which (floor, walls, etc.) is installed;
• sensors defining damage to windows in windows or glass packages;
• capacitive sensors for metal, triggering when changing the parameters of the magnetic field around them;
• combined systems that are included in themselves, besides the above, the functions of determining gas or water leakage.

Smart Home Systems

Perhaps today the smart home systems are the best. With their integrated installation, not only primitive alarm for a private house is included. In this case, several systems are combined in one. That is, the security function is combined with offline control by all devices in the house or cottage.

Again, depending on the complexity, such systems can have video cameras, and motion sensors, and gas or water controls, and apply different methods of alert when a particular unpleasant situation occurs. As it should be, such systems are completely autonomous, but if desired, their owners can connect them to specialized security services. After receiving an alarm signal, a special team goes to the scene to deal with the situation, and if necessary, take appropriate measures.

The only drawback can be called too high the cost of the system itself, and the costs of paying services of a security company.

Wired security systems

Wired security system for a private house is the simplest and cheapest. Among the advantages of such systems, judging by the numerous reviews of their owners, you can call the fact that in the sensors used do not need to constantly change the batteries or charge the battery blocks.

Naturally, in case there must be an installation of a special uninterruptible power supply unit (by type of how it is done for computers). And it goes without saying that any sensors and cameras can be combined into one system. But here it all depends on the needs of the home owner.

Wireless GSM alarm

The use of wires for connection often causes legitimate difficulties. And what if the house was repaired? After all, to lay cables, for example, it will have to redo the walls in the walls, and these costs, and considerable. That is why many actively use wireless security systems for a private house or office.

It is worth noting two important features. First, all sensors or IP cameras are connected to the control unit or via Wi-Fi or on a certain radio frequency. Secondly, (why they are named GSM systems) on a pre-registered number or several mobile phone numbers are made by sending SMS messages in case of an emergency situation or even broadcast video. But here are such systems an order of magnitude higher than wired.

Brief overview of the best manufacturers

As for all that is now offered to the market, several most popular manufacturers, both foreign and domestic producers, both foreign and domestic products can be distinguished.

• VISONIC;
• OPTEX;
• Texecom;
• Lifesos;
• Jablotron;
• NetatMo;
• Nest;
• CANARY;
• Honeywell;
• Piper;
• Samsung;
• Kodak;
• Ademco;
• "Guardian";
• "Avalanche";
• "Granite", etc.

As many, probably noticed, Samsung and Kodak are presented in the list. Their systems are mostly oriented exclusively to video surveillance with the use of high resolution chamber with angle of rotation almost 360 degrees.

Separately, it is worth saying about Honeywell products. In fact, this is not a whole system, but only the main block (Honeywell Tuxedo Touch), with which monitoring and observation, and signaling, and the functioning of heating, gas and water supply systems are performed.

Products of other manufacturers are oriented on a private consumer, and on whole enterprises. Among the products presented can be found quite a lot of solutions by systems.

Security systems for a private house: reviews

But here is what is interesting. Despite the high quality products, Western manufacturers, for example, do not use much popular in Russia. Owners show that domestic systems in terms of operation look much more preferable. The first and most important thing - they are designed to work in post-Soviet electric grids with a voltage of 220 V (and not 230 or 210 as in Europe or America). In addition, such systems are not turned off at significant voltage jumps (we have +/- 10-15%, in the West - +/- 5% of the nominal).

On the other hand, the Russian developers system perfectly feel in conditions of reduced temperatures or high humidity, although in most cases and are somewhat inferior to foreign analogues in terms of functionality, as users say.

As it is believed to be one of the most interesting is an imported security system for a private house of Vista's model range from Ademco. In part, it repeats the products of the Canadian company DSC, but its main feature is the possibility of almost unlimited adding new equipment and association, let's say, even with gas irrigation systems or fire alarms.

Among foreign systems, users note the products of the Israeli company VISONIC, which has perfectly proven itself in working when installing on or cottage settlements.

Professional security systems for enterprises

The system is to compare it with the private sector, is quite complex and in terms of equipment used, and in terms of management.

Based on the fact that production areas can be residually large, hybrid systems from such Grand as Axis Communications, Assa Abloy, Bosch Security Systems, and others.

Their solutions In some cases, it is assumed to install additional repeaters to enhance the sensor signal, which allows you to increase the distance between them up to 500 m. In addition, it is possible to use not one, but several control panels (blocks) of control or special key rings that allow you to file alarm manually from Any place if the main system did not work for any reason.

How to make a security system yourself and is it worth doing this

In general, security systems for a private house are not so difficult to do with their own hands. That's just the essence of the question comes down to select the necessary basic and related equipment and connect it correctly.

Of course, you can order services from the profile company, but it's easier to buy everything yourself. It will cost much cheaper. As for the connection, it will be able to combine the devices and a control unit to be combined with each other, distinguishing plus from a minus.

Some craftsmen, however, are trying to solder schemes on their own, but without professional equipment and accurate tuning it is still not to do. So it is better to buy all the devices separately. For example, the cost of the simplest system of two sensors will cost an average of 100-120 dollars, the systems are slightly complicated for the private house - already at $ 300-700, well, the re-equipment of the "Smart House" complex can be calculated by tens and hundreds of thousands of dollars, so What do you think if all this is necessary if such a system is not fully involved.