Today we will talk to you about the types of paints, what they are, we will learn about their modern classification and requirements for them.

Vegetable and oil paints

People use paints for a long time. Still in the Stone Age, cave people made drawings with plant paints, which were preserved to the present day. Ancient people enjoyed the material that the nature was offered to them - overseas and coal. Later in them began to add fat killed animals so that the material was held longer on the walls of the caves. With the development of civilization, new types of paints appeared. The Middle Ages introduced humanity with oil options. For a long period, the inventor of oil paints was considered to be a Dutchman named Jan Van Eyk, and his followers were the great artists of the Italian and the Netherlands school of painting. The materials of the epoch were made on the basis of vegetable oils and egg yolks with an admixture of some substances that could not be installed. An example is the Norwegian icons relating to the second half of the 13th century.

But the historical documents found already in the twenty-first century, they suggest that the paints were invented long before the Great Dutch. In 2001, in the course of hostilities in Afghanistan, the huge statues of the Buddha were destroyed and the caves were injured. In this regard, the caves were attracted to the attention of scientists who discovered on their walls of the paintings made by oil substances. The age of drawings scientists belong to the middle of the seventh century to our era. It is ahead of the emergence of European oil paints, for several centuries.

History is pleased with it. Some coloring substances were not very expensive, but there were also such, the use of which was possible only if the customer of the picture or portrait paid its value in advance. For example, blue (ultramarine) in Europe was brought from Iran or Afghanistan.

At the beginning of the 17th century, the disbams by chemical experiments received blue paint called "Berlin Azure", which replaced the dear Ultramarine. After a hundred and small years, the French chemist Jean Baptiste Gima invented the French Ultramarin, which was the cheapest material.

But the trouble of artificial substances consisted that some of them were dangerous to people's health. Essentially, the paint is emerald green, which was produced from vinegar, arsenic and copper oxide. It was used when finishing the walls of a house on the island of Saint Helena, in which Napoleon Bonaparte lived after expulsing him from France. It is believed that this substance was the cause of the rapid death of the Great Command.

Flowering and decay of oil paints

In the past century, oil paint was used for finishing the premises everywhere. High-quality wallpapers and tiles were very few, and oil was used almost everywhere - in public, industrial and residential premises, even for finishing facades of buildings. Naturally, the oil paint of that time did not differ in high resistance to weather conditions, had to constantly carry out the repair of facades. In rooms with high humidity, oils also did not serve for a long time. Thus, they gradually began to be crowded out with better and resistant materials.

New finishing materials appeared for decorating surfaces and oils gave way to wallpaper, tile and other decorative coatings.

Types of paints. Modern classification

Currently, even a specialist is difficult to figure out, since the types of paints, which he meets on the shelves of construction hypermarkets, differ strongly in color, structure and functional purpose. And here you can not do without a strict and consistent classification.

Many parameters affect the classification of modern coloring materials:

• the composition of the binder;
• type of diluent;
• application area;
• the appearance of the painted surface (degree of gloss);
• the base is under the color.

The composition of the binder

By type of binder are divided into:

1. Oil.
2. Lime and silicate.
3. Alkyd.
4. Water-emulsion.
5. Acrylic.
6. Silicone.
7. Polyurethane.
8. Epoxy.

View of diluent

Depending on the diluent, distinguish:

• water-bred;
• divorced by solvents (about them).

Application area

The scope is divided into:

• construction;
• for art works;
• for industry.

Appearance of the painted surface (degree of gloss)

According to the degree of brilliance are divided into:

• glossy;
• matte;
• half-timed;
• semi-man;
• other, where the degree of gloss is expressed as the percentage of the displayed light from the painted surface.

Base under the color

The base under painting implies the surface that is colored by one or another type of paint. Not every base can be painted with all kinds of paints. There are pretty tough distinctions on the use of certain species.

Paints by type of binder

Consider in more detail the detail in the type of binder.

Oil

Oil are made on the basis of olifa, natural or synthetic. The composition may include an except for oil painting pigment and filler. Oil paints are produced densely and ready-to-use. Divine before starting painting require dilution of olifa to the desired consistency. Olife can be made from sunflower, hemp or flaxseed oil. In terms of the quality of the resulting coating, materials based on sunflower oils are inferior to the fact that in hemp and linen olifah.

In addition to natural oils in oil substances, combined oliffs and "oxol" are used, which are made from a mixture of different oils that have passed special processing. They can be breeded by solvents. Combined Olifam include the following types:

• polymerized (LMS) is a substitute for natural oil, can be used in paints, both for internal and external work;
• the glyphthaled olifa consists of a mixture of glycerol vegetable oil, solvents;
• pentafthalic olifa produced from alkyd resins;
• synthol, carbonol, etc. - these are artificial olifes in which natural vegetable oil or not at all, or there, but the minimum amount. The quality of the product on such oils is significantly inferior to oil paints on a natural olife or oxol.

Lime and silicate

They are also called mineral, so natural natural substances are used for production. The most common is the usual, all familiar, lime. To obtain a certain color in lime milk, the coloring alkali-resistant pigment is added. Typically, lime materials are used for the color of the outer surfaces of the building. Recommended to paint in such a solution of moisturized surfaces in not hot weather. Lime color does not differ in high resistance, compared with perchlorvinyl substances, but the price of lime is significantly lower.

Portlangent-based materials also belong to mineral. We are produced ready for use and require only dilution with water immediately before use, since the cement that is part of the cement quickly folk outdoors. Pain in this solution is recommended in two layers on a raw base. When adding the vermiculitis, a rough textured surface is obtained, familiar with the "fur coat" or "Shagreen".

Silicate paints included in the list of minerals are made of liquid potassium glass, chalk, talc, fine sand, and pigments. Available with two-component compositions - dry material and liquid glass, which are mixed immediately before applying to the surface. But before that, it is necessary to treat the surface with a soil of liquid glass.

All mineral paints are suitable for staining concrete, brick, wooden and other porous outer surfaces. It is not recommended to use the color of glass, smooth metal surfaces.

Alkyd

They are made on the basis of an alkyd resin, which is obtained by treating vegetable oils with the addition of acids and sequivans. It is used for painting both inside and outside. Diluted with solvents and oils. Compared to a water-free, alkyd is more durable. But the resistant smell after color does not allow it to use it in rooms where children and people susceptible to various allergic diseases are located.

Water-emulsion

This type of paints in recent decades has gained wide popularity due to their non-toxicity, good shelterness, and a wide choice of painted base. To date, this type of paint is the most environmentally friendly type of finishing materials, which is confirmed by using it even at.

The only one, where it is not recommended to use water-dispersion paint are metal bases, so as not to cause metal corrosion from water interaction. The paints of this species are produced on the basis of PVA (polyvinyl acetate emulsion), based on latex and acrylics. Materials are used to stain in porous surfaces, but require pre-primer. Breakdown with water, dry quickly. Despite the fact that there is water in the composition, after staining on the surface, a film is formed, which can be wiped with a wet sponge, besides, the film has high properties of steam and breathability.

The material based on PVA does not differ in high moisture resistance. For coloring of facades and indoor rooms with high humidity, it is better to use styled material based on acrylic and latex.

Acrylic

This type of paint refers to the latex family, which includes except acrylic:

• polyvinia acetate;
• acrylikonic;
• styrecrylic;
• acrylo-butadienestyrene.

Acrylic materials have a wide range of use of different surfaces from drywall to concrete and brick surfaces. A variety of latex paints allows you to paint the wallpaper, giving them a new kind, plaster, foam concrete and much more. The film formed on the painted base is well cleaned with wet cleaning, it is stable to wash, dirt and dust, as well as different midges, is not bothering.

Silicone

They are made on the basis of water and silicone resin. These recent developments in the world of decorative coatings allow you to paint almost any surfaces, with the exception of reinforced concrete, as the air penetrates into the body of concrete and causes corrosion of reinforcement. Silicone has absorbed all the best that is in silicate and acrylic paints. Staining with silicone material, you can close cracks up to 2 mm width. This type of paint is combined with different colorful compositions. That is, silicone paint can be covered with old surfaces painted previously cement and lime compositions, as well as water-level and latex. The material can be used for decorative finish, i.e. both internal and outdoor work. But it costs it so high, which reduces the popularity of use.

Polyurethane and epoxy

Most are intended for industry. If the polyurethane paint dries at a temperature of + 180-200 degrees, then it makes no sense to talk about its use in construction.

Epoxy is a two-component composition and is also used in the same way, in industry. Construction can be used when applying concrete pools or when repairing enameled baths.

Paint Requirements

Modern paints used as decorative coatings must meet the following requirements:

• resistance to wet and dry cleaning;
• resistance to fading;
• good shelterness;
• wear resistance;
• durability;
• repairability;
• environmental safety;
• resistance to pollution;
• available cost.

Now it has become clear that species of paints are a very wide topic. I wonder what will happen next?

Now look at an interesting video about how to choose paint for walls and ceiling:

as well as for metal, wood and concrete:

Good day dear readers!

In this article you will learn:

2. The advantages and disadvantages of paints.

3. Marking of paints.

It took the past times when the building was stained in and outside.

Today's paints have a fairly broad classification that provides for division not only for chemical composition, outdoor or internal use, but also at the place of use.

Now the requirements for painting composition for walls, floors, ceilings differ. For example, the paint for the walls cannot get dirty.

The wall painted with such a composition should be without prejudice to sink, cleaning at least with a wet rag, as a maximum - using a brush, soap.

Therefore, if you gathered to paint the walls, then preferably (but not necessary!) So that the corresponding mark standing on the bank. What kind types of colors Offers today a manufacturer?

1) water dispersion

They are also called water-emulsion, or simply soluble in water. Such paints are made on water, so they are believed to the group of the most economical materials.

Water-dispersion formulations are devoid of smell, dry quickly.

The properties of such paints are associated with polymers used as a binder. It can be:

PVA (most economical option);

Acrylic resin;

Paints soluble in water use only inside dry rooms. However, this deficiency is compensated by such advantages as:

The inability to absorb dirt into the structure of the paint;

Permeability for steam (paint "breathes");

Ease of removal of pollution;

Compliance with environmental requirements.

2) acrylic

They are manufactured using acrylic resins. Therefore, with their drying, a special film is created.

Acrylic paints can handle walls in rooms having increased humidity.

Such compositions have good resistance to abrasion, do not exude unpleasant odors, drier quickly. The coating is obtained by matte.

Another advantage of acrylic paints is a large selection of shades for a tinting; It can be done manually or using computer systems.

3) latex

Belong to water-dispersion compositions. A characteristic feature of such paints is the possibility of applying a thin layer to obtain the surface of a silky-matte type.

Also latex paints distinguishes high abrasion resistance. Created by them the finest film well repeats the surface texture.

Apply to wallpaper finishing, intended for painting and to cover textured plaster. Latex formulations differ in the level of gloss.

4) Silicone

Based on emulsified silicone resins. Silicone paints belong to the coloring compositions of the last generation.

Therefore, all technological achievements of recent years are collected in them.

Among the special qualities, excellent permeability for steam and the formation of the surface, not wetting the water, can be noted.

This quality made it possible to apply paint for outdoor decoration.

5) Oil

Made on olife (oils) of natural or artificial origin and soluble pigments.

Oil compositions are distinguished by high coating strength, durability. Of the disadvantages, it can be noted for a long time of drying and insufficient permeability for steam.

The last disadvantage in some cases can cause the substrate detachment.

Specific smell also limits the use of oil compositions in residential premises.

6) alkyd enamel

The role of the binder element is an alkyd resin. A characteristic feature of alkyd enamel is drying when contacting with air, and not because of the evaporation of the solvent, as it is characteristic of other enamel types.

Alkidic compositions dry quickly, forming a steamproof film on the surface. The main scope is the protection of metal surfaces from corrosion.

Due to the sharp and specific odor, the remaining long time, even after complete drying, enamel compositions based on these resins are rarely used indoors.

7) Decorative paints

They appeared on the market relatively recently. To obtain them, water-dispersion formulations are used with the addition of polymers and minerals.

This allows paint various properties. As a result, it may be imitation for gold, Silk, velvet, stone, etc.

There are accommodation-chameleons that change the shade with different angles of the fall of light. For designers, such a type of paint is a real find!

On surfaces treated with decorative paints, dust does not settle, the compositions have a high level of wear resistance.

To obtain a conceived effect, it is not enough to choose the corresponding composition.

It is 100% needed to use metal and plastic spatulas, rollers, various paint brushes and other painting tools. Such work is usually performed by specialists.

8) Ecological (or "Green")

These are the compositions originally created from environmentally friendly materials. "Green" paints began to produce "in favor of" housing to the ecological purity of the home.

When working with similar compositions, harmful evaporation is absent. During the production, such substances dangerous for a person are not used as:

Zinc bleel;

Cadmium compounds;

Chlorinated phenols and a number of other harmful chemical compositions.

Companies producing such paints necessarily put on them a distinctive sign or abbreviation.

For example, Caparol denotes its "green" products with letters "E.L.F.".

Marking

In the Russian paint industry, it is customary to use capital letters that characterize the substance forming the film. Paints are:

Pentafthalic (or PF);

Glyphthaled (GF);

Melaminoalkide (ml);

Nitrocellulose (NC);

Chlorvinyl (KH);

Silonyorganic (KO);

Robust (kf);

Perchlorvinyl (PKV);

Oilyarol (ms);

Vinyl acetate (HC);

Acrylic (AK);

Oil (MA);

Bitumen (BT);

Rubber (CC);

Epoxy (EP);

Polyester (PE);

Urea (MCH);

Oil-polymer (NP).

Before the abbreviation may be the designation of the VD (water-dispersive paint) or VE (water-emulsion).

Primer composition (0);

Putty (00);

Weatherproof paint (1);

The composition for works indoors (2);

Conservation composition (3.4);

Special composition (5,6);

Paint resistant to chemical exposure (7);

Heat-resistant composition (8);

Electrical insulation composition (9).

The following digit means a more detailed description of the painting composition:

Natural Olife: 1;

Oxol: 2;

Gliptella: 3;

Pentafthalian: 4;

Comprehensive: 5.

At the end of the designation, another 3-4 digits may stand, which denote the sequence number of the composition of the composition.

For example, Ma-15 is deciphered as oil paint, for external use, which is based on composite olif.

All the time the changing world of fashion for interiors is the cause of the increasing demand for designers and builders to the entire spectrum of paints. The market most often reacts without any dealers to this and produces new types of paints, without which it is impossible to imagine a single repair, regardless of what kind of structure is and for what it is necessary.

Depending on what basis is used, the paints are divided into alkyd, glue, silicate, emulsion.

Alkyd paints

Alkyd paints are oil paints that produce Olife based, as well as enamel (base - varnish). Paints data are used in the implementation and internal, and outdoor work. With the help of a brush or roller, they paint plastered, wooden and metal surfaces. They are non-toxic, light - and waterproof, but at the same time fire-hazardous and not sustainable alkalis-resistant. They are diluted with Olife, Skipidar, White Spirit.

Silicate paints

Silicate paints belong to mineral, because they are produced on the basis of liquid glass. Thanks to them, the protection of wooden structures from fire can be protected. Possessing air permeability, looseness, weak response to the effects of water and temperature, they are used when it is necessary to separate stone, concrete, plastered walls, and both on the inner and the outside. Silicate paints are bred by water and applied with a roller (brush).

Emulsion paints

Emulsion paints can be water-emulsion, latex, acrylic, polyvinyl acetate, water-dispersive. They are distinguished by unsuitability for applying adhesive paints and surfaces covered with varnish. As a rule, they are used when staining surfaces from concrete, metal and wood. Their advantages are non-toxicity and fire safety, alkalis-resistance. Emulsion paints are diluted with water.

Adhesive paints

In the production of adhesive paints, aqueous solutions of organic polymers are used: cellulose ether, starch, polyvinyl alcohol, casein. Their properties are close to emulsion, but they are less resistant to moisture. That is why they are used, as a rule, for painting dry rooms.

How to choose

Looking before choosing paint for imaginary repair, buyers, of course, estimate their appearance, price and convenience in repair. At the same time, other issues are also important. Is paint effectively and is it practical during the subsequent operation of the room? Will fresh color last?

The Russian market, which presents the products of local producers, can also offer paints from Sweden, USA, Germany, Turkey, Canada, Slovenia, Finland, France, Holland, etc.

The general collection of colors that are offered to today specialized firms may include, for example, several thousand reference shades, several hundred thousand ready-made recipes, dozens of main colors. Shades can be made according to customer samples, after which the company is stored in the database. The customer has the opportunity at any time to make a request for its archival data on ordered materials or shades.

Thanks to the exact computer toning of materials, it is possible to repeat the material color at any time. In addition, customers can make the necessary color test samples. With this procedure as soon as possible, eliminating the possibility of errors, you can choose the material with the desired characteristics (this concerns color, textures, quantity, quality, prices).

But along with this you need to take into account that no matter how good the quality of the paints that you intend to buy, their durability, as experts believe, by 60% depends on the successful preparation of the working surface, by 20% - from a good putty, soil, and only The remaining percentages are given to the coloring composition. Criteria used in the color of warehouses or banking offices, concrete surfaces or vinyl wallpaper differ. And in order not to make a mistake in your choice, you need to clearly decide which advantages should be in a particular material.

Paints in the interior

To date, various patterns are extremely rarely applied. Modern houses, furniture, carpets, paintings and upholscence requires the most bright and neutral background, while the elements of the decor in the color, as a rule, make it difficult to create a harmonious interior. Selection of colors and shapes of a pattern that would have harmonized with the style and character of the room - a rather difficult lesson. And traditional painting now increasingly replaces decorative finish. Currently, the market of paints and varnishes is represented by a large assortment of decorative finishes. They can be divided into decorative and technological.

A fairly common and simple type of decorative decoration is the painting of wallpapers with dispersion paints. Fortunately among building finishing materials, there is a wide selection of wallpapers (and paper, vinyl, and fiberglass), designed for subsequent painting. Using them, you can achieve the desired coating structure, as well as hide small defects of the surface of the surface. Here you can bring to dream and move away from classic solutions by issuing an interior in accordance with your preferences.

Structural paints include high-pile fine-dispersed formulations that form with various tools (roller, spatula, brush, etc.) structural coating having high decorative properties. This class of paints includes coatings that are able to carry out special functions. Speech, for example, on the reinforcement of the surface (protection against cracking), special protective coatings for cellular concrete. Structural paints have broad gamut colors. Facade structural paints are distinguished by high resistance to the effect of the atmosphere, mechanical strength, the possibility of local cosmetic repairs.

The difference between structural coatings for internal works is also high strength, convenience and unpretentiousness in operation, which has become possible due to excellent detergent properties.

If you approach the usual painting of walls with some fractions of creativity and fantasy, it is possible to achieve a noticeable transformation of the external and internal appearance of the building, to highlight the exterior among mass construction buildings, as well as make imperceptible small surface defects.

Various types of paint It is used to protect the surfaces from adverse environmental factors (dust, moisture, temperature differences, harmful microorganisms), as well as to impart the necessary properties. Depending on the prosecuted purposes, one or another paint type. For example, to prevent the development of mold fungi on the surfaces, you need to pick up the paint that already contains an appropriate antiseptic.

To calculate paint consumption, you can use the paint consumption calculator.

In the case of repainting the surfaces, it is necessary to take into account the compatibility of the paints and immediately select suitable so as not to fully consider the old paint and apply a new one that is associated with tremendous labor and material costs.

To avoid unexpected surprises when painting surfaces you need to know what happens types of paintWhat they differ in and in what area the use of each of them is justified.

Types and types of paints.

Above mentioned the division of paints into groups. Consider these groups, we will describe their main characteristics and possible areas of use.

The first group is emulsion paints.

Emulsion paints It is obtained during the dilution in the water of the binding base and painting particles, as a result of which a persistent emulsion is formed. After drying, emulsion paints are pretty waterproof. And before drying, they are easily mounted with hands and tools. Emulsion paints have such properties:

• Economy;
• Fire safety;
• Environmental friendliness;
• Stability to alkalis.

In addition, emulsion paints perfectly fall on various surfaces, quickly dry and do not have a sharply expressed repulsive smell. After staining the surfaces of such paint, in the future you can use any other paints, as well as enamels. However, it is impossible to use emulsion paint, if the surface was previously stained with glossy, adhesive paints or varnishes. It is also worth noting that to prevent corrosion metal surfaces before painting such paint need primer.

Emulsion paints are divided into the following types of paint: acrylic, water-emulsion, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), water-dispersion, latex, silicone.

Some people do not see the differences between the water-emulsion and water-dispersive paints, because they are:

• Do not peel off;
• "Breathe", i.e. are breathable;
• Suitable for rooms with high humidity;
• Do not burn out;
• Do not possess frost resistance.

However, differences between them are also present. Matte water-emulsion paints When washing gradually washed off, while water-dispersion paints Have increased moisture resistance (you can wash repeatedly). In addition, water-dispersion paints have most of its white color, while the water-emulsion is different colors and shades. Water dispersion paints are applied on the surface only at temperatures above + 50c.

Water-emulsion paints are textured or structural. They are used to create bulk effects when decorating surfaces. They have increased strength, so they can also be used to protect the surfaces from cracks.

In acrylic paints, acrylic resins are actuated by the binding basis. The characteristics of such paints are as follows:

• High elasticity (adapted to living wood);
• Increased strength;
• The ability to overlap cracks with a thickness of up to 0.5 mm;
• Frost resistance (after complete drying);
• Low gas permeability (which allows them to be used to protect against corrosion, for example, reinforced concrete);
• Can be used for alkaline bases (for example, it is possible to apply them to fresh plaster, but not earlier than in a month so that the plaster can fully harden);
• Increased mechanical strength;
• Resistance to ultraviolet, which allows them to keep their color for a long time;
• Waterproof.

The lack of acrylic paints can be attributed to their high cost, as well as the fact that they are poorly suitable for dyeing buildings with raw walls. Cheaper analogues of acrylic paints are manufactured using acrylic copolymers as the basis.

Latex paints are the most expensive among other emulsion colors. Latex uses in their production, which significantly enhances the water-repellent effect, this allows you to wash the surface without limitation. Such paints are able to tighten on the surface of the crack to 1mm thick. Latex paints can be applied on a wide variety of surfaces: walls (made of concrete, brick, drywall or plaster-coated), ceilings, structured wallpapers. These paints dry over 1 hour. However, their light resistance is slightly lower than that of PVA paints and emulsion acrylic paints.

Polyvinila acetate paints (PVA) - the cheapest, and they are environmentally friendly, have high light resistance, as well as resistance to fats and oils. Most often, these paints are used to dye the ceilings. They have low waterproofing, so at repeated washing gradually washed off.

IN silicone paints The binding basis is emulsified silicone resins. When such paints dry, a well-repellent water is formed, which perfectly passes air and steam, resistant to contamination and exposure to harmful microorganisms. Such paints have high elasticity, can overlap on the surface of a crack to 2 mm thick. Silicon paints can be painted fresh stucco in two days. Such paints are used to dye all types of mineral surfaces. They are very well compatible with mineral, acrylic and latex paints. They can be applied even on the old silicate paint. Unfortunately, due to its high-cost, silicone paints are used in most cases for the decor.

The second group is alkyd paints.

The binding base of alkyd paints stands alkyd resin.. Alkyd paints are separated by enamel and oil. They are used to dye surface surfaces, metal or plastered. They have environmental friendliness, waterproof, light resistance.

The basis of oil paints is served olife, and diluents - gasoline, turpentine, solvent naphta or white spirit. These paints are cheap enough, but they dry out for a long time and it is distinguished by harmful substances. Therefore, they are used for external work. In addition, over time, painted oil paint surface turns yellow, which is a significant disadvantage of these colors.

Emaley paints Have a varnish basis, so the surface painted by them becomes a beautiful glossy look. These paint data for staining of metal, wooden, plastered and sputum surfaces, appliances are used. It is used for internal and external work, quickly dry (especially nitroelectric paints), possess light resistance, waterproof, increased resistance to corrosion.

The third group is silicate paints.

IN silicate paints The basis performs liquid glass, so they can be attributed to mineral paints. They are bred by water. Characteristics of these colors: air and riceproof, resistance to temperature differences, looseness, permeability for moisture. Silicate paints They have poor compatibility with the rest of the paints, so they can not be painted surfaces previously painted with acrylic or alkyd paints and vice versa. In addition, when working with silicate paints, it is necessary to protect the skin and eyes, because they contain alkali. Silicate paints do not protect the surfaces from moisture exposure, but if there is a moisture in the walls above atmospheric, that is, with poor waterproofing of the foundation, they can be very useful. Silicate paints can not be painted metallic, stone, glass and ceramic surfaces, but you can paint alkaline (plastered). Such paints have a limited color gamut in view of alkali content.

Marking of paint and type of film-forming bases.

Paints are divided into 4 groups by type used in their production of a film-forming base: alkyd, emulsion, silicate and adhesive. Each pot of paint has its markings containing 2 letters and several digits. The letters indicate the type of film-forming base used for this paint. Table 1 shows the marking of film-forming bases.

Table 1

Marking	Type of film-forming bases
	Polyamida
	Polyacrylates
	Polyacryla copolymers
	Acetylcellulose
	Bitumens and peckers
	Polyvinilacetali
	PolyvinylButerrali
	Vinyl and vinyl acetate
	Polyvinyl acetal copolymers
	Glifthared resin
	Idienecumary resins
	Rosin
	Silicon-organic resins
	Copolymers Carbinola
	Oil vegetable
	Melominalky
	Alkudo- and oil-styrene
	Urea-formaldehyde resins
	Nitrocellulose
	Pentafalum resins
	Saturated polyesters
	Polyurethanes
	Phenolkids
	Cresolformaldehydes
	Phenolic oil resins
	Fluoroplasts
	Poly- and perchlorvinels
	Vinyl chloride copolymers
	Epoxy resins
	Polyethylene and polyisobutylene
	Epoxy ester resins
	Ethylcellulose

1-2 Figures following letters in marking, denote the scope of application of this paint, and the other numbers are the factory number. Table 2 shows the labeling of the applications of various types of paint.

table 2

Marking	Scope of application of paints
	Atmospherpostyaya
	Indoor
	For preservation of metal products
	Hot-water
	Special purpose (for example, for fur, leather)
	Resistant to petroleum products
	Aggressive medium
	Heat-resistant
	It has electrically insulating properties
	Semi-finished products, soils, varnishes
	Spikel

Exception in marking are oil paints. They are denoted by letters Ma (oil paint), the first after the letters of the figure speaks about the scope of this paint, and the second digit indicates the type of olifa used as its basis. Table 3 shows the marking of the species used by Olife.

Each artist has its own unique technique, allowing it to create real works of art. However, in order to transfer all his thoughts and creative ideas on paper, it is necessary to choose the right paints. After all, the matter here is not only in a harmonious combination of colors. It is important to find paintwork materials that allow you to maintain your work for many years.

Some artists prefer to create enough bright paintings. They have a whole palette of colors and shades. In the soul, the textured drawings in which each touch is drawn. There are modern artists working with contours. To draw people silhouettes or create whole landscapes on paper, you need to use various types of paints depending on what you want to portray.

For drawing and painting there are various types of paints. They differ among themselves:

• in composition,
• purpose
• an additional functional features that are inherent in the paintwork of this category.

Sometimes, to find a suitable paint, artists are experimenting with various types of these paints and varnishes. Only this can be understood how paint falls on paper and how much time will be required for it to frozen.

You can find the appropriate paint at once or determine what kind of paint material you need using various materials and coloring substances. It all depends only on you and your desire to find the most affordable paint material for creative work.

There is a great many different paints for drawing. The dependence on the material used and the composition of the paint, artists acquire in specialized stores everything you need to fulfill all subsequent creative works.

As a result, the choice of paint depends only on you. Consider the most common types of paints, which often use artists in creating their masterpieces.

All novice artists choose gouache for their creative works.

This paint is distinguished by excellent functional characteristics:

• dissolved in water,
• acquires the effect of velvety,
• it has a good color palette.

However, after it dries on the surface of the material, you can notice a minor paint pallor. Gouache pale due to the fact that it includes Belil.

But this is only a small disadvantage that can be hidden using other auxiliary paint materials. For example, a lacquer is sometimes applied to the finished work. He gives work the glitter effect, and the colors of Guasi look in a new way in the picture.

On the one hand, this is the most simple paint for drawing, which artists are primarily chosen. On the other hand, working with gouache is very difficult. After all, in order to achieve the desired color, you will have to experiment with shades. Also, some difficulty represents the achievement of smooth tone. Therefore, before applying paint to the work surface, artists prefer to use small drafts, allowing them to create the necessary shades of colors.

But over time when you learn how to work with gouache, you will discover all the advantages of this paint. First of all, all the errors you make when working can be quick enough. To do this, you just need to apply a new layer of paint, which will differ from the previous one in its thickness. This will allow you to hide all the shortcomings you made during the fulfillment of all works with gouache.

Remember, you can not apply a gouache too thick layer. After all, after it dries, some elements of the drawing may turn. The paint itself has a not a solid structure, if it is wrong to work with it, all defects and your errors will be seen after the end of the paint.

Try not a hurry to fulfill all the creative ideas you think. This will avoid a large number of errors that even professional artists who neglect the rules when using Guashi in their works may allow.

Surprisingly, it is from this paint that children begin their creative path. However, with the help of all the same Guachi, great artists create real works of art, fascinating with their beauty and uniqueness.

With the help of Guachi, the greatest works of the art of such famous artists as Picasso and Rubens were created. Do you still think that gouache is just a children's paint? It is time to look different about this unique paintwork material.

Watercolor

Watercolor can be bright or pale, depending on the color you choose. She, like guashas, \u200b\u200bis capable of dissolving in water, but in contrast to previous paint has special functionality.

The first layers of this coloring substance give the paper a certain color. But the watercolor feature is enclosed in subsequent layers. After all, after applying and drying on paper, the paint gives it the effect of shine, without staining the words already applied to a certain color. In fact, watercolor in this case appears on the working surface as a transparent emulsion.

Artists love watercolor because of its properties. Transparency allows:

• picture a special color
• allocate some landscape details
• emphasize the most significant moments in creative work.

In order to transfer the whole range of their emotions and feelings, the artist has only paint and paper on which he can portray the future of art. Sometimes it is not enough for expressiveness or completion of the work. In some cases, the paint applied to several layers is capable of creating the desired effect. But you need to know about these features of watercolor paints.

Perfectly similar paintworks are suitable for image landscapes. With the help of watercolor, artists often draw a changeable sky that plays various paints.

In some cases, it is watercolor that helps to create portraits capable of hitting their mysteriousness and unusual realism.

Any work done by watercolor will look perfect only if you do not allow mistakes. Before performing all the work on paint, practice to start on drafts.

Even professional artists use small sheets of paper to check:

• how to paint paint
• is this color perfect,
• it is worth it to apply a watercolor in a similar way.

Only after drying the paint can be determined whether you made all the work perfectly or there are any disadvantages. When working with this paint and varnish material, you can use various paint techniques.

It is always nice to try something new, unusual. To see how a certain combination of colors can give a completely different idea of \u200b\u200bthe same creative work. Surprisingly, two artists draw the same flower in different ways. After all, everyone will use various paints and shades in their work, a specific technique that allows you to portray the artist object on paper.

Perhaps the watercolor is the best paint for artists. If you still do not know how to work with it, it's time to learn how to handle this paint material.

Video. Watercolor drawing.

Magic shades of pastels

What paint is suitable for painters, because to apply it is not paint. The paint material itself is produced in the form of convenient pencils or small chalks, which are very easy to draw on the working surface. This is the special attractiveness of pastels, because it is fascinating enough to draw her. Already the fact that it does not need to use a brush to work with pastella, makes it a unique paint.

There is no need for mixing colors or drying the brush to get the desired paint consistency. In fact, such a pencil becomes a continuation of the hand, allows the artist to create unique paintings by paint and paper alone.

Despite the special composition of paints and varnishes, with pastels it is easy to work.

On the other hand, the pastel is very easy to work. Just mix shades and get the color you need directly on paper. You can use a special decisive or simply rub paint on paper with your fingers. Everything here depends on your desire and ability to make creative work professionally and right.

If you allow small errors and strokes when working with paint, they are easy enough to hide, overlapping one layer of paint other color or the same tint, creating a brighter and rich color.

Levitan is the most vivid representative of artists who professionally worked with pastel. Its paintings are distinguished by an unusual game of color and all sorts of shades, which the combination created the pictures incredible in their beauty. Perhaps it is this paint that will become for you the most acceptable material for creativity.

Do you need artists?

One of the most ancient paints that artists used are tempera. This paint is simply not able to change the tone with time, has good brightness. The temperature dries quickly, so it is especially appreciated among professional artists, for whom time plays a very big role.

Working with this paintwork material is very interesting, because the temperature is quite strong in its functional capabilities of paint.

Professional artists can use the temperature to work in various techniques. Therefore, if you wish, you can create an effect of watercolor or guaishes.

Through the use of such unique coloring, you can create amazing patterns in which the effects of different colors will be combined. It all depends on the initial plan of the artist and its capabilities. Thus, one paint can be operated, but it will seem that there are several paint materials identical in their composition in the picture.

In addition to all sorts of paints, which the artist uses for its work, the most effective and important auxiliary means is a simple pencil. Without it, it is impossible to pour out the contours and sketches the future picture.

The choice of paints depends on many factors. Initially, the artist is determined with what work will be depicted on the canvas. Only after that, the selection of the corresponding paints and varnishes occurs. Professional artists can draw pictures using only one paint or apply several coloring substances that are harmoniously combined with each other.

materials on the topic

Probably, everyone may recall a similar case that during the repair period more than once on their own inattention, I forgot to close the jar with paint, from which the material, to a huge disappointment, frozen and was no longer suitable for use. Below are examples of possible solvents for paints that will help you save the thickened paint, or just dilute a new one.

The question of the removal of oil paint today has a greater relevance, since this kind of problem takes place in almost every case of cosmetic repairs. Such an occupation as the removal of paint can be how to become a question for you with ten minutes, and it will be soon in the image of a curse, taking you hours of precious time, forces, and often money. Deleting precisely oil paint from the wall process the most time-consuming, and especially in cases where the paint is applied over plaster or concrete. However, if you still decide to a new painting, then the simplest, and therefore popular methods for removing oil paint from surfaces will be presented.

Under the watercolor means the painting technique, which uses special water colors. As a result, the canvase creates a unique creation, which has ease, air, thin color transitions.