The list is given in accordance with Federal Law dated March 13, 1995 No. 32-FZ with subsequent amendments. The dates of battles that took place before the introduction of the Gregorian calendar are obtained in the Law by adding 13 days to the “Old Calendar” date. However, the difference between the old and new styles of 13 days accumulated only in the 20th century. And, for example, in the 17th century the difference was 10 days. Therefore, in historical science, different dates are accepted than in this law.
The following days of military glory of Russia are established in the Russian Federation:
As you already understood from the title, in the article we will talk about when they will celebrate Days of military glory of Russia in 2016, and these are 18 established historical dates that played a significant role in the life of the Russian state. These are dates of battles and victories, memorable days of symbolic payment of tribute to soldiers who gave their lives for the good and prosperity of the nation. The list of days of Military Glory of the Russian Federation was approved by the State Duma in 1995, on March 13. According to the order of the government, various events are held in all Armed Forces and other troops, including ceremonial ones. Below in the table, we have placed everything in chronological order dates and memorable days of military glory of Russia in 2016(with latest changes as of December 1, 2014):
Important memorable military dates in 2017
February 23 is Defender of the Fatherland Day. The original name was Red Army Day. The holiday was established in honor of the events of 1918, when a young army under the red banner of the revolution stopped the German attack near Pskov.
April 18 – Battle of the Ice (1242). At the mouth of the Neva River there were 100 Swedish ships with troops on board. Alexander Yaroslavich - Prince of Novgorod, who stood at the head of a smaller army, was able to defeat his enemies... After this victory, the people nicknamed the prince Alexander Nevsky. The decisive battle, which completely changed history, was held in April 1242 on Lake Peipsi. Due to the heavy armor and inability of the Swedish troops, the enemies suffered a crushing defeat, and after his death, Alexander Nevsky was canonized.
May 9 – Victory Day in the Second World War (1945).
July 10 – Victory Day in the Battle of Poltava (1709). The battle of Poltava called into question the power of the Swedish troops. After this victory, the outcome of the Northern War was predetermined.
September 8 – Battle of Borodino (1812). In this battle, Russian troops under the leadership of Commander-in-Chief M.I. Kutuzov were able to repel Napoleonic army.
September 21 – Battle of Kulikovo (1380). During the battle on the Kulikovo field, the power of the Tatar-Mongol yoke, which had terrorized the Russian lands for many years, forcing them to pay tribute, was seriously undermined. After this event, the Russian principalities united and were able to confidently repel the Golden Horde.
November 4 is National Unity Day. The beginning of the seventeenth century brought many troubles and misfortunes to the Russian land. Against the background of three consecutive lean years, which caused the death of hundreds of thousands of people, more serious events appeared: the heirs of the true Russian Tsar were killed, and the Polish Tsar began to claim their place, whose “sent” to the Russian lands was the False Dmitry first. For more than 13 years, a Time of Troubles occurred on our land, when power passed from one to another. But while the rich shared power, ordinary people died, and their faith along with them. Russia was threatened with complete destruction, the adoption of Catholicism and the transition to Polish leadership. Minin and Pozharsky came to the defense of Russian lands, gathering a militia. Their army marched under the auspices of the icon of the Kazan Mother of God. With the help of faith in victory and fortitude, the Russians were able to drive out the Polish invaders from Russian lands. The symbol of the holiday The symbol of National Unity Day was the icon of the Kazan Mother of God. This holiday is perhaps the only one in the entire Russian calendar that combines state and religious interests. November 4 is a national holiday in Russia Why did Russia decide to make National Unity Day a public holiday? We all know how strong and unshakable the power and will of the Russian people are. Thanks to spiritual strength, the Russian people were able to raise their beloved Fatherland from its knees. During the Time of Troubles, the most patriotic re-education of Russians took place - people realized that unity and truth could overcome everything. By uniting, Russians are able to get rid of any enemy, heal themselves and their land. This is what this holiday is dedicated to - the unification of the entire Russian state, a call to the unshakable will of our people and faith in the purity of true thoughts.
December 5 – Battle of Moscow 1941. In severe frost and snowstorms, Russian troops were able to push back the onslaught of the Nazis on their native land. Starting from this date, the outcome of military operations changed its priorities. From now on, the Russian army acquired a military spirit, which helped the entire Soviet army in further battles.
Russia has a history of many centuries of military feats, which were not easy for it, but the people were always ready to defend their land, even at the cost of their own lives. To tell descendants about these glorious victories, as well as to show that the country remembers its heroes and pays tribute to the army and navy, the Federal Law of Russia was adopted in 1995, establishing a list of the most significant dates in the military history of our fatherland, covering pre-October and Soviet periods of Russian development.
Naturally, this list cannot be called one hundred percent accurate from the point of view of history, and, of course, it does not include all the events from the military past of our country, but these dates became days of great joy and great sorrow that determined the course of Russian history. They were written in the blood of millions of our compatriots and they should be remembered and known by everyone, paying eternal tribute to the memory of the heroic deeds of the great heroes of our Fatherland.
The days of military glory of Russia in 2016 will be as follows by month.
27.01. – The day of the end of the Leningrad blockade. This is a special date in the history of our country. During the years of the siege, more than 1.0 million Leningraders died in the city, and 600.0 thousand residents died of terrible hunger, since it was practically impossible to deliver food to the city besieged by the Nazis; there was only one way - along the ice of Lake Ladoga, which received the eloquent name “ The road of life". Hitler, amazed by the tenacity of the Leningraders, demanded that the entire city be destroyed at its roots, but neither daily bombings nor hours-long artillery shelling could break the fortitude of the Leningraders, who preferred to die rather than surrender to the enemy.
The Battle of Leningrad was the longest in military history and lasted about 3 years - from 1941 to 1944. That is why Leningrad has ceased to be just a city, but has become a symbol of the victory of the entire Soviet Union. The turning point in the siege of Leningrad occurred at the end of January 1943. during Operation Iskra, after which the initiative in combat operations passed to the forward detachments of the spacecraft. And on January 27, 1943, Leningraders, hitherto cut off from the world, met the first Red Army soldiers and celebrated the end of the siege, in honor of which a powerful salvo of 324 guns was fired.
02.03. – The day of the total defeat of the troops of Nazi Germany at Stalingrad. The fighting in Stalingrad continued not even for every street, but for every house. It was here that Hitler's army lost its fighting spirit, realizing that it was faced with a force that neither the power of its guns nor the power of its ideology could withstand. The victory at Stalingrad marked the end of the defensive stage of this war and became the beginning of the offensive of the Soviet troops, having a huge impact on the further course of the war and its final outcome.
15.02. – Day of Remembrance of the “Afghans”, associated with the completion of the withdrawal of internationalist soldiers from the country and the end of the “undeclared war” that lasted 10 years (1979-89).
23.02. – Victory Day of the soldiers of the newly created Workers’ and Peasants’ Army over the troops of imperialist Germany. On this day, the spacecraft soldiers managed to stop German troops in the region of Narva and Pskov, proving their right to exist and their power (1918). This day can be considered the end of the First World War, then it was designated the Day of the Red and then the Soviet Army, and after the events of 1991 it was renamed Defender of the Fatherland Day.
18.04 – Day of victory of the Russian military army on Lake Peipsi under the auspices of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the knights of the Teutonic Order (the event of 1242 went down in history as the Battle of the Ice). This feat not only freed Russian lands from the encroaching knights for many years, but also morally strengthened our ancestors, for which the Orthodox Church canonized 23-year-old Alexander Nevsky and after his death he was numbered among the host of saints.
9.05 – Victory Day of our country in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. For 1418 days, Soviet men and women waged a merciless struggle against the German invaders, and, feeling faith in a just cause, they managed to crush them in an inhuman struggle, saving from the Nazis not only their land, but the whole world, because after Germany, they also recognized their surrender Japan.
22.06 (1941) - A day of mourning and remembrance associated with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War (having treacherously attacked the Soviet Union, German bombers at 04.00 in the morning were already bombing Belarusian and Ukrainian cities and villages, sowing fear and hatred in the hearts of Soviet people).
07.07. (1770) – Day of victory of Russian naval squadrons in the Battle of Chesma over the fleet of the Ottoman Empire.
10.07. (1709) - Victory of Russian troops led by Peter I over thousands of Swedish troops in the Battle of Poltava.
09.08. (1714) - The first victory of Russian weapons in a naval battle in the history of the country. The Russian fleet, led by Peter I, defeated Swedish ships at Cape Gangut, proving with this victory not only its right to exist, but also the correctness of the entire reform policy, which managed to bring Russia to a new level of military development.
23.08. (1943) - The day of the total defeat of the fascist army by Red Army soldiers in the Battle of Kursk. One of the largest and most significant battles in the history of the Great War, which proved the power of the Union tank gun.
09/08/1812 – The Battle of Borodino, which became legendary in the history of Russian military affairs. At Borodino, the Russian army of thousands, led by M.I. Kutuzov, withstood the onslaught of the French army of Napoleon Bonaparte. Although this battle cannot be called victorious for Russian weapons, it became victorious for the Russian spirit - they proved the steadfastness of our soldiers, who forced the hitherto victorious French to capitulate.
09.11.(1790) – Crushing victory of the squadron under the command of General F.F. Ushakova at Cape Tendra over the fleet of the Turkish-Ottoman Empire;
21.09. (1380) - The day of the final victory of the Russian army, led by Prince Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatars under the command of Mamai in the battle on the Kulikovo field. This battle marked the end of the century-long yoke under which the Russian princes had been since 1280, strengthened the role of Moscow as the center of unification of the Slavic states and contributed to the further disintegration of the Golden Horde.
04.11. (1612) – Day of National Unity. The date of the liberation of the Kremlin from the Polish-Lithuanian invaders by the people's militia, led by Prince Dmitry Pozharsky and the townsman Kuzma Minin, is celebrated. This victory inspired the country and created all the conditions for the restoration of the institution of Russian statehood.
07.11 – The day of the solemn parade of military valor on Red Square in Moscow, marking the next anniversary of the Revolution.
01.12. (1853) - the day of the victory of the Russian fleet under the leadership of P.S. Nakhimov at Cape Sinop over the squadron of the Turkish-Ottoman Empire.
05.12. (1941) - the day that marked the counter-offensive of the Red Army troops against the Nazi invaders near Moscow, which thwarted Hitler’s plan for the Barbarossa offensive
24.12. (1790) - The day of the capture of Izmail, which belonged to the Turkish-Ottoman Empire, by Russian troops under the command of commander A.V. Suvorov.
These dates once again prove that the Russian people have always been ready to take up arms, not because of a desire to conquer countries and states, but because the country had to defend the borders and independence of its country. That is why in the blood of our people there is amazing courage, pride and perseverance, which make us remember the military exploits of not only our fathers and grandfathers, but also those who lived on this land hundreds of years ago. We know that in a terrible moment we will be worthy of their glory and will stand as one in defense of our Motherland.
Military days
glory of Russia
(to help teachers, class teachers)
Material prepared
teacher of the fundamentals of Orthodox culture, ORKSE
MBOU "Secondary school in Vasilkovo"
Zhakulina L.A.
Kaliningrad
2015-2016 academic year
The federal law
About the days of military glory of Russia
Article 1. Days of military glory of Russia.
In the Russian Federation, the following days of military glory of Russia are established:
April 18 - Victory Day of the Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipus (Battle of the Ice, 1242);
September 21 - Victory Day of Russian commanders led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380);
November 7 - Day of the liberation of Moscow by the people's militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from Polish invaders (1612);
July 10 – Victory Day of the Russian army under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava (1709);
August 9 – Day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714);
December 24 – Day of the capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov (1790);
September 11 – Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of F.F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra (1790);
September 8 – Day of the Battle of Borodino of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812);
December 1 – Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P.S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853);
February 23 – Victory Day of the Red Army over the Kaiser’s troops of Germany (1918) – Day of Defenders of the Fatherland;
November 7 is the day of the military parade on Red Square in Moscow to commemorate the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (1941);
December 5 – Day of the start of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops against Nazi troops in the Battle of Moscow (1941);
February 2 – Day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943);
August 23 – Day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk (1943);
The procedure for holding days of military glory of Russia is regulated by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1183 of December 4, 1995 “On the procedure for holding days of military glory (victory days) of Russia in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other troops.”
"Be proud of the glory of your ancestors
not only is it possible, but also must;
not respecting it is shameful
cowardice".
A.S. Pushkin.
In all centuries, heroism, the courage of Russian soldiers, the power and glory of Russian weapons have been an integral part of the greatness of the Russian state. The military history of Russia is a vivid chronicle of the selfless struggle of our people against the invaders. The Russian army earned itself unfading military glory in battles for the integrity and independence of its native land. During periods of difficult trials, the patriotic self-awareness of people manifested itself with particular acuteness. The spirit of the people had a decisive influence on the combat effectiveness of the defenders of the Fatherland. Peter the Great, Alexander Suvorov, Mikhail Kutuzov, Fyodor Ushakov, Pavel Nakhimov, Georgy Zhukov and many other glorious names will remain forever in the people's memory.
The victories of Russian weapons over the enemies of the Fatherland have always been widely celebrated by the Russian public. Even in Tsarist Russia, the Russian Orthodox Church established so-called vectorial days, on which prayer services and other festive events were held. These were special days when society, honoring the army and navy, paid tribute to the military feat, glory and valor of its defenders, and the serving people deeply felt their involvement in the glorious deeds of our ancestors.
In order to revive one of the best Russian military traditions, on March 13, 1995, the State Duma adopted the Law of the Russian Federation “On the Days of Military Glory (Victory Days) of Russia” No. 32 - Federal Law, the list of which included the most outstanding events in the military history of our Fatherland.
The days of military glory of Russia (and there are 16 of them in total) are days of glorious victories that played a decisive role in the history of Russia and in which Russian troops earned themselves the honor and respect of their contemporaries and the grateful memory of their descendants.
Celebrating heroic and memorable dates in our military history serves the purpose of educating Russians, especially young people, about the glorious feats of arms of the defenders of the Fatherland.
1. April 18 - Victory Day of the Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipsi (Battle of the Ice, 1242).
The decisive battle that finally liberated the Russian land from the German knights of the Livonian Order took place on April 5, 1242 on the ice-bound Lake Peipsi. The enemy army lined up like a pig. The twenty-three-year-old Russian commander positioned the Russian army in the following battle order: in the center of the first line, in front of the “brow,” there was an advanced infantry regiment stretched along the front, the first ranks of which were archers, on the flanks there were reinforced infantry regiments of the right and left hand, behind them was the cavalry. , divided into two parts. Behind the “chela” Alexander placed his small but heavily armed cavalry squad. This formation made it possible not only to fend off a breakthrough from the center of one’s battle formation, but also to carry out bilateral envelopment in order to strike at the flanks and rear of the enemy, encircle and completely destroy the latter.
The surrounded Germans, having ceased resistance, threw down their weapons and surrendered. For seven kilometers, right up to the opposite bank, the Russians chased the enemy. In panic, the knights fell on loose ice and drowned in cold water.
The victory on Lake Peipus strengthened the morale of the Russian people and instilled hope in the success of the fight against foreign invaders. Alexander Nevsky was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.
2. September 21 - Victory Day of the Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380).
The Mongol-Tatar yoke brought terrible disasters to Russian soil. In response to defeat in the Battle of Vozzh in 1378, the ruler of the Golden Horde, Mamai, began a new campaign against Rus' in the summer of 1380. And again the Russian army, led by Prince Dmitry Ivanovich, came out to meet the enemy, who decided to defeat the hordes of Mamai before the troops of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Jagiello Olgerdovich approached them, in order to prevent the enemy from invading the depths of the Russian land.
On the night of September 8, 1380, the main forces of the Russian army crossed the Don. Warriors had to either win or die in battle. In the morning, after the duel between the Russian warrior A. Peresvet and the Mongol hero Chelubey, who both fell dead from their horses pierced by spears, a fierce battle broke out. Personally, Dmitry Ivanovich fought in the front ranks of his troops.
For three hours, Mamai’s army (over 90-100 thousand people) unsuccessfully tried to break through the center and the legal wing of the Russian army (50-70 thousand people), which repelled the enemy’s onslaught. Then he attacked the left flank with all his might and began to push back the Russian soldiers. Mamai brought his entire reserve into the planned breakthrough. And at that moment, an ambush regiment struck the rear of the enemy’s cavalry that had broken through. The enemy could not withstand the unexpected blow and began to retreat, and then fled.
Russian squads pursued him for 30 - 40 kilometers. Army of Mamai. Mamai's army was completely defeated.
The Battle of the Kulikovo Field seriously undermined the military power of the Golden Horde and accelerated its subsequent collapse. It contributed to the further growth and strengthening of the Russian unified state, and raised the role of Moscow as the center of the unification of Russian lands. And Prince Dmitry Ivanovich began to be called Dmitry Donskoy.
Difficult trials befell Rus' at the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries. The country was torn apart by boyar conspiracies and intrigues. Due to crop failure in 1601–1603. there was a terrible famine. In their insidious plans, the Polish lords used adventurers - impostors False Dmitry I (1605) and False Dmitry II (1608) acting under the name of the son of Ivan IV - Tsarevich Dmitry. After their failures, open Polish intervention began. Under the leadership of King Segismund III, the Poles crossed the Russian border and in September 1609 besieged Smolensk. On the night of September 21, 1610, the boyar government allowed Polish troops into the capital, which actually meant the transfer of state power to the enemy. This betrayal cost Moscow and Russia dearly. Fires and looting started.
The threat of losing Russia's national independence caused deep concern in patriotic circles of the nobility and other classes, and the entire population. In September 1611, the formation of a militia began in Nizhny Novgorod under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky, which played a decisive role in the liberation of Moscow from the Poles. In August 1612, militia detachments defeated the Polish army near the capital. The occupiers had their last refuge - the Kremlin, which came under a strong siege. On October 26, 1612, the Polish garrison capitulated.
The news of the liberation of Moscow inspired the whole country. Conditions were created for the restoration of state power in Russia.
This victory once again showed that in difficult times for the country, Russian people’s patriotic feelings are especially clearly manifested and their best qualities are revealed: selfless love for the Fatherland, the greatest valor and heroism, the ability to withstand the most difficult trials and defend their independence. Grateful descendants unveiled a monument in the Russian capital. On its granite pedestal is inscribed in bronze letters: “To Citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky - grateful Russia, summer of 1818.”
4. July 10 - Victory Day of the Russian army under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava (1709).
In 1700 – 1721 Russia fought a difficult Northern War with Sweden for the return of ancestral Russian lands and access to the Baltic Sea. In the spring of 1709, after an unsuccessful winter campaign in Ukraine, the army of the Swedish king Charles XII besieged Poltava in order to replenish supplies there and begin to advance in the direction of Kharkov, Belgorod and further to Moscow.
On June 27 (July 8), 1709, on the banks of the Vorskla River, near Poltava, Russian regiments dealt a crushing blow to the famous Swedish army. The enemy lost more than 9 thousand people killed, 19 thousand people captured, including all the generals. 137 banners and standards were captured. The Russians lost 1,345 killed and 3,290 wounded. Pursuing the defeated Swedish army, Menshikov's cavalry on the Dnieper near the village of Perevolochna forced another 15 thousand Swedes to capitulate. Charles XII, along with the Ukrainian traitor Mazepa and a small guard, fled to Turkey.
The Swedes were expelled from Finland, Poland, and the Baltic states. The victory at Poltava predetermined the victorious outcome of the Northern War for Russia.
5. August 9 - Day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714).
The naval battle at Cape Gangut is a glorious page in the history of the Russian fleet. This was the first naval victory over the strongest Swedish fleet at that time, which had never known defeat until then.
On August 9, 1714, off the western coast of the Gangut Peninsula (Finnish name - Hanko), Russian galleys discovered and surrounded the Swedish squadron, cutting it off from the main forces. A fierce battle broke out. Skillfully maneuvering under enemy fire, the Russian ships quickly and stubbornly moved forward. Having come together closely in a boarding battle, the sailors and soldiers of the landing force broke the resistance of the Swedes. Commander of the rowing fleet F.M. Apraksin noted: “It is truly impossible to describe the courage of the Russian troops...”. 10 Swedish ships were captured. The enemy lost 361 people killed and 350 wounded. 237 people were taken prisoner. Russian losses were 124 killed and 342 wounded.
St. Petersburg solemnly welcomed the heroes of Gangut. Peter I, promoted to vice admiral, called the victory at Gangut “the second Poltava.”
6. September 11 – Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of F.F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra (1790).
In the Russian-Turkish war of 1787 - 1791. Russian ground forces were successfully assisted by the Black Sea Fleet under the command of Rear Admiral F.F. Ushakova. One of the most important events of this war was the victory of the Russian squadron over the Turks at Cape Tendra on August 28 (September 8), 1790.
The Russian squadron (37 ships and other vessels) suddenly attacked the Turkish fleet (45 ships, frigates and other vessels) on the move. The line of Turkish ships was upset, and they began to hastily leave for the Danube. Only the darkness of the night saved the Turkish squadron.
The next day, Ushakov resumed the pursuit. The crews of the Black Sea ships showed great skill, boldly and decisively attacking the enemy, hitting him with well-aimed gunfire. As a result, 7 Turkish ships surrendered, the rest fled. The Turkish losses exceeded 2 thousand people, the Russians lost 21 people and 25 were wounded.
The brilliant victory of the Russian fleet ensured a breakthrough to Izmail for the Dnieper flotilla, which provided great assistance to the ground army in capturing the fortress.
7. December 24 – Day of the capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov (1790).
Of particular importance during the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791 was the capture of Izmail, the citadel of Turkish rule on the Danube.
In November 1790, Russian troops began the siege of Izmail. Two attempts to take the fortress ended in failure. And then the commander-in-chief of the Russian army, General Field Marshal G.A. Potemkin entrusted the capture of the impregnable fortress to A.V. Suvorov. Intensified preparations for the assault began.
In an effort to avoid bloodshed, Suvorov sent an ultimatum to the commandant of Izmail to surrender the fortress, to which the answer followed: “It is more likely that the sky will fall to the ground and the Danube will flow upward than Ishmael will surrender.” On December 24, 1790, Russian troops in nine columns from different directions moved to storm the fortress. The river flotilla approached the shore and, under the cover of artillery fire, landed troops. The skillful leadership of Suvorov and his comrades, the courage of soldiers and officers decided the success of the battle, which lasted 9 hours. The Turks defended stubbornly, but Ishmael was taken. The enemy lost 26 thousand killed and 9 thousand captured. 265 guns, 42 ships, 345 banners were captured.
It is noteworthy that Izmail was taken by an army that was inferior in number to the garrison of the fortress. The case is extremely rare in the history of military art. Catherine II ordered a medal to be knocked out in honor of A.V. Suvorov for the capture of Izmail and established an officer’s gold cross with the inscription “For excellent courage” to reward for feats accomplished during the assault on Izmail.
8. September 8 – Day of the Battle of Borodino of the Russian Army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812).
During the Patriotic War of 1812, under pressure from a numerically superior enemy, the Russian armies were forced to fight back into the interior of the country. Commander-in-Chief of the united Russian armies M.I. Kutuzov decided to stop the advance of Napoleon’s army towards Moscow near the village of Borodino. Here, 120 kilometers from the capital, it was decided to give a general battle.
On August 26 (September 7), after powerful artillery preparation, the French army (135 thousand people) attacked Bagration’s troops defending the Semyonov flushes. By 12 noon they were captured by the enemy, but Russian troops (120 thousand people) did not allow a breakthrough on the left flank.
It seemed that the French were close to victory. All that remained was to break the resistance in the center and take possession of the Kurgan battery, called the Raevsky battery. But at the critical moment of the battle, Kutuzov sent the Cossacks and cavalry on a roundabout raid - they struck the French left flank. To stop the resulting panic, Napoleon canceled the attacks on the center and sent part of his guard to repel the Russian cavalry. Only after the situation was restored were attacks resumed on the center of the battle formation of the Russian troops, who fought bravely.
By evening, Russian troops had lost no more than 1.5 kilometers to the enemy. Having retreated to a new position, they were again ready for battle. However, the French did not dare to continue the attack, fearing that the Russian troops would take active action.
“Of all my battles,” said Napoleon, “the most terrible is the one I fought near Moscow. The French showed themselves worthy of victory; Russians have acquired the right to be undefeated.”
9. December 1 – Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P.S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853).
The naval battle of Sinop took place at the very beginning of the Crimean War. Starting in October 1853 between Russia and Turkey, it soon developed into an armed conflict between Russia and a strong coalition of Turkey, England, France and Sardinia. This was the last major battle of sailing ships and the first in which bomb guns (that is, fired explosive shells) were used.
November 18 (30), 1853 squadron of Vice Admiral P.S. Nakhimova (6 battleships and 2 frigates) in Sinop Bay launched a preemptive strike against the enemy, unexpectedly attacking the Turkish fleet, which consisted of 16 ships. The flower of the Turkish fleet (7 frigates, 3 corvettes and 1 steamship) was burned, coastal batteries were destroyed. The Turks lost about 4 thousand people killed and wounded. About 200 more were captured. Nakhimov's squadron did not lose a single ship. The brilliant victory of the Russian fleet deprived the Turks of dominance in the Black Sea and did not allow them to land troops on the coast of the Caucasus.
In the Battle of Sinop, the effectiveness of the advanced system of training and education of Black Sea soldiers was clearly demonstrated. The high combat skill shown by the sailors was achieved through hard study, training, campaigns, and mastery of all the intricacies of maritime affairs.
The Soviet Armed Forces have contributed many glorious pages to the chronicle of national feats during their short history. Among them are the following most important events and significant dates.
After the victory of the socialist revolution in October 1917, simultaneously with the demobilization of the old army, the construction of a new one began. On January 15, 1918, the Council of People's Commissars adopted a Decree on the creation of the Red Army, and on January 29, on the organization of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet. Work began throughout the country to create Red Army detachments.
On February 18, the German army launched an offensive in large forces along the entire Russian-German front, delivering the main blow to Petrograd. On February 21, the Council of People's Commissars adopted a decree - the appeal “The Socialist Fatherland is in danger!” The whole people rose to his defense. On February 23, the registration of volunteers into the ranks of the Red Army and the formation of its units began.
On February 23, 1918, the young Workers - Peasants Red Army stopped the advance of German troops near Pskov and Narva. This day began to be considered the birthday of the Red Army, and later – Defender of the Fatherland Day.
11. November 7 - The day of the military parade on Red Square in Moscow to commemorate the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (1941).
The enemy was rushing towards Moscow. By decision of the Soviet government, it was decided to hold a parade on Red Square on November 7, 1941. It took place in conditions when Soviet troops were fighting heavy defensive battles with German fascist troops located 70 - 100 km away. from the capital. The parade was hosted by the Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, Marshal of the Soviet Union S.M. Budyonny, the parade was commanded by the commander of the Moscow Military District, Lieutenant General P.A. Artemyev. Some of the troops from the parade went straight to the front. The military parade, unprecedented in history, had a huge impact on strengthening the moral and political state of the people and their army.
12. December 5 – The day of the start of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops against Nazi troops in the Battle of Moscow (1941).
The main efforts of the Nazi troops in the fall of 1941 were aimed at capturing the Soviet capital - the Battle of Moscow began on September 30. The enemy, regardless of losses, rushed towards Moscow.
On October 20, Moscow was declared under siege. By December 5, the crisis of the German offensive came. Soviet troops managed to stop a powerful enemy group literally at the walls of the capital (12 km from the modern northern border of the city), taming the enemy Typhoon. On December 5–6, the troops of the Kalini, Western and Southwestern fronts launched a decisive counteroffensive. Despite the stubborn resistance of the enemy, severe frosts and deep snow cover, it developed successfully. By January 7, 1942, Soviet troops advanced 100–250 kilometers westward.
The Battle of Moscow marked the beginning of a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War.
In terms of the number of troops, military equipment and weapons, the scope and intensity of hostilities, the Battle of Moscow in 1941–1942. was one of the largest in the history of the Second World War, it was the decisive military event of the first year of the Great Patriotic War.
13. February 2 – Day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943).
The Battle of Stalingrad began on July 17, 1942 and ended on February 2, 1943. Based on the nature of the fighting, it is divided into two periods: defensive, which lasted until November 19, 1942, and offensive, which ended with the defeat of the enemy’s largest strategic grouping between the Don and Volga rivers.
As a result of unsuccessful battles for our troops in the summer of 1942 in the Kharkov region and in the Crimea, the enemy again seized the strategic initiative and at the end of June launched a general offensive against Stalingrad, an important strategic and largest industrial center.
On September 13, the enemy launched an assault on Stalingrad, intending to throw its defenders into the Volga with a powerful blow. Fierce fighting broke out, especially in the area of the station and for Mamayev Kurgan. The fight was for every street, every block, every large building. The intensity of the fighting is evidenced by the fact that the station changed hands 13 times over the course of two days.
In mid-November, the Germans occupied most of the city, but their offensive capabilities were completely exhausted. On November 19, 1942, an avalanche of fire and metal fell on the enemy. Thus began a grandiose strategic offensive operation of the Red Army to encircle and destroy the enemy group at Stalingrad. On February 2, 1943, the encircled fascist troops were completely defeated.
The victory at Stalingrad marked a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War and had a decisive influence on the further course of the entire Second World War.
14. August 23 – Day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk (1943).
The Battle of Kursk occupies a special place in the Great Patriotic War. It lasted 50 days and nights, from July 5 to August 23, 1943. In its fierceness and tenacity of the struggle, it has no equal.
The general plan of the German command was to encircle and destroy the troops of the Central and Voronezh fronts defending in the Kursk area. If successful, it was planned to expand the offensive front and regain the strategic initiative.
In order to thwart the enemy's plan, the Soviet command decided to first bleed the enemy's strike forces in defensive battles and then launch a counteroffensive.
On July 5, the enemy went on the offensive, but Soviet troops managed to hold back his onslaught. The enemy's offensive impulse was defeated by the fortitude and tenacity of the Soviet soldier.
On July 12, the second stage of the Battle of Kursk began - the counter-offensive of Soviet troops. On August 5, Soviet troops liberated the cities of Orel and Belgorod. On the evening of August 5, in honor of this major success, a victorious salute was given in Moscow for the first time in two years of war. From that time on, artillery salutes constantly announced the glorious victories of Soviet weapons.
On August 23, Kharkov was liberated. Thus the Battle of the Kursk Arc of Fire ended victoriously. During it, 30 selected enemy divisions were defeated. The Nazi troops lost about 500 thousand people, 1,500 tanks, 3,000 guns and 3,700 aircraft.
For courage and heroism, over 100 thousand soldiers who took part in the Battle of the Arc of Fire were awarded orders and medals. The Battle of Kursk and the advance of Soviet troops to the Dnieper marked a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War.
From the first days of the war, one of the strategic directions, according to the plans of the Nazi command, was Leningrad. Leningrad was among the most important targets targeted for capture.
The Battle of Leningrad, the longest during the entire Great Patriotic War, lasted from July 10, 1941 to August 9, 1944. During the 900-day defense of Leningrad, Soviet troops pinned down large forces of the German army and the entire Finnish army. This undoubtedly contributed to the victories of the Red Army in other sectors of the Soviet-German front.
Leningraders showed examples of perseverance, endurance and patriotism. Assistance to the blockade survivors was carried out along the ice of Lake Ladoga - the “Road of Life”.
On January 12 – 30, 1943, an operation was carried out to break the blockade of Leningrad (“Iskra”). It was a turning point in the battle for Leningrad. The entire southern coast of Lake Ladoga was cleared of the enemy, and the initiative to conduct military operations in this direction passed to the Red Army.
During the Leningrad-Novgorod strategic offensive operation from January 14 to March 1, 1944, a heavy defeat was inflicted on the enemy Army Group North. On January 27, 1944, Leningraders celebrated the lifting of the blockade.
May 9 is Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 (1945).
For 1418 days and nights, the Soviet people waged a bloody war against the fascist aggressors and crushed them. The people defended the freedom and independence of their Fatherland and saved world civilization from fascist enslavement.
The final blows were delivered by the Soviet Armed Forces in 1945 in East Prussia, Western Poland and Czechoslovakia. The grandiose Berlin strategic offensive operation, carried out from April 16 to May 8, 1945, allowed the capital of Germany, Berlin, to be taken by storm.
May 9 is the brightest holiday of the entire Russian people, the unfading day of our unfading military glory.
As you can see, Days of Military Glory are events of not only national but also international significance. Europe (and then America) gasped, was surprised, respected, at times feared, but always drew conclusions.
In all the battles declared Days of Military Glory, Rus' was saved by the whole world. People's militias always stood next to the fighting squads of the Russian princes and the regiments of the regular army. This has been the case throughout the centuries. I think that if necessary, the tradition will be repeated.
Russia's main wealth is its heroic people. When defending their land, the Russian people never spared themselves and did not bargain with their Motherland. Sacrifice is a characteristic feature of the Russian national character. Perhaps the price of victories was therefore traditionally high.
All Days of Military Glory are associated with turning points in the history of the country, when the scales shook, and each time in Rus' there were men with statesmanship, talent as a commander and recognition of the army and people. They followed them and won.
We have something to remember and be proud of. The military history of Russia is rich in glorious deeds. The Victory Days of Russia are the foundation of the military-historical memory of the people; the best features of the Russian national character were clearly manifested in them. Learn from the best. Let's remember, let's honor, and let's learn!