It is one of the most popular building materials. Its advantages include high strength, excellent soundproofing characteristics and affordable cost.
However, it also has negative features that should be taken into account, especially when building residential buildings.
- This building material perfectly absorbs water, which increases the humidity of the premises.
- Not a very pleasant factor is its low frost resistance. At low temperatures, the structure of the product is destroyed, especially if the material is saturated with water
- Another negative characteristic is high thermal conductivity. This means that in winter, the walls allow the heat to escape freely, and in summer, on the contrary, it helps to heat the air in the rooms.
However, all three problems can be solved in one fell swoop - just properly insulate the walls of the house from silicate bricks.
A well-thought-out construction plan will help to save money when erecting a private residential building. The structure will be much warmer if, during the construction of the walls, two layers are created - an inner and an outer one. A small gap is left between them, one or half brick wide, which is filled with expanded clay or foam concrete. This helps to make the building warmer, and a thick layer of decorative plaster, the so-called fur coat, will help protect the material from moisture and frostbite.
Thermal insulation of walls of a house made of silicate bricks
The technology described above can significantly save money during construction and provide future residents with comfortable living conditions. But what about those who have bought an already rebuilt house or apartment in a high-rise building made of silicate bricks? There is only one answer - to create an outer heat-insulating layer as soon as possible, otherwise it will be cold inside, and the walls will soon be covered with mold due to high humidity. But how to insulate the walls of silicate bricks - each owner must decide on his own.
Each material has its own disadvantages and advantages. In addition, the cost of creating an insulating layer can vary significantly depending on the technology. For example, in our country, special thermal plaster is practically not popular. The reason is trivial - to apply it, you need a special technique, which is available only in some companies. They require a lot of money for its use, which makes the installation of fairly cheap material an expensive pleasure.
How to insulate a silicate brick house outside
Putting aside exotic solutions and inaccessible technologies, it is worth considering the two simplest insulation materials:
- Styrofoam sheets are a cheap option for tall buildings of several floors;
- Mineral wool is an ideal way to create optimal living conditions in a private home.
Both materials are very popular among the citizens of Ukraine, as they have an affordable cost, and their effectiveness is confirmed by practical use. What is their difference?
Thermal insulation of a house made of silicate bricks from the outside with foam sheets is especially common in high-rise buildings. A fairly simple and affordable way allows you to quickly perform the necessary work. Usually, it takes no more than two days to fix, reinforce, plaster and paint the outside of the walls of a three-room apartment. As a result, the dew point is transferred to the outside and moisture in the rooms is significantly reduced. Also, the economic effect in the form of heat preservation is observed the very next day after the creation of the heat-insulating layer.
A private house made of silicate bricks with mineral wool insulation will have its own microclimate. It will be comfortable to be in the room at any time, thanks to air microcirculation and excellent thermal insulation qualities of the insulation. The technology of fastening mineral wool is somewhat laborious and requires the creation of a special frame that will hold the lightweight material in place. In addition to the practical effect, this method also gives the possibility of original design of the building from the outside on top of the protective layer.
We will look at some of them in this article.
The wall that , will cool down several times slower. The undoubted advantages are:
- Heat losses are minimal;
- The dew point is located either in the insulation itself, or at the edge of the outer wall(it all depends on the parameters);
- Condensation will never form on the wall;
- The wall warms up completely, significant temperature jumps are absent.
Differences in insulation
walls are not considered so popular, all due to a number of significant disadvantages:
- Heat is lost by 10%.
- Dew point location... It is located in the space between the inside of the wall and the insulation or in the insulation itself. This causes the accumulation of condensate, after a while dampness appears in the room.
- The wall does not retain or accumulate heat.
Despite a number of disadvantages, internal insulation is characterized by positive qualities:
- Work can be carried out at any time of the year, regardless of weather conditions.
- Warming is easy to carry out on your own, for this you need to own only basic knowledge and the necessary materials.
The main types of insulation and their brief description
Organic heat insulators on the market are represented by a wide 
assortment of goods.
They are based on materials of natural origin:
- Arbolite insulation is considered the newest material, based on sawdust, shavings, uncut straw and reeds. Also, the insulation is made of cement and organic additives. These are CaCl2, H2SO4, as well as the product obtained after processing ordinary clay, kaolin or nepheline, and Na2O.
- Polyvinyl chloride foam insulation... It contains polyvinyl chloride resin, which, after exposure to light or electromagnetic waves, acquires a characteristic foam structure. At the same time, it is considered a universal heat insulator.
- Chipboard insulation... Components - shavings, resin obtained as a result of controlled chemical processes, antiseptics, fire retardant.
- Insulation based on fiberboard... It resembles chipboard in its own way. The basis is wood waste, or cut corn and straw stalks. The material may well also consist of compressed old paper.
- Polyurethane foam is based on polyester, it includes H2O, an emulsifier and isocyanates. When catalysts begin to act, all elements interact under the effect of a chemical reaction, in which a new type of insulation appears.
Inorganic heat insulators
Mineral wool is of two types: slag, as well as stone... To produce the first companies use slags. Stone wool is distinguished by: CaCO3, rocks that are used for paving streets, minerals containing calcium and magnesia, volcanic rocks and others.
External insulation of brick walls - how to choose the optimal thermal insulation?
Minvata
This concept includes the following varieties:
- glass wool, as well as stone wool;
- slag wool.
All these materials are characterized by corresponding fibers, based on glass, rocks, slags.
Average indicators:
- heat conductivity - 0.041-0.044 W / (mK);
- impermeability - 20-200 kg / m3.
Before deciding whether to insulate a brick facade with this material, it must be borne in mind that it is prone to excessive absorption of moisture. Therefore, it is additionally treated with special chemical materials.
Mineral wool
Styrofoam
Oversized material, which, due to its characteristics and affordable price, has become the most popular material for thermal insulation. In the building market, you can always find a copy, the average indicators of which are equal:
- heat conductivity - 0.033-0.037 W / (mK);
- impermeability - 11-35 kg / m3.
Polyfoam is practically free from moisture, plus it is vapor-proof. In addition, the material is quite fragile, easily flammable, and emits many dangerous chemical elements during smoldering. This material has many disadvantages, but as an economy option it is ideal.
Styrofoam
Extruded polystyrene foam
In terms of its features, the material resembles the foam described above, only there is one difference - only the latest developments are used in its manufacture.
Average indicators:
- heat conductivity - 0.028-0.032 W / (mK);
- impermeability - 25-38 kg / m3.
It is often used for outdoor insulation, it is quite strong and retains heat well. Naturally, its cost is several times higher than that of the two options considered above.
Warm plaster
It is distinguished by sound insulation, vapor permeability.
Specifications:
- heat conductivity - 0.065 W / (mK);
- impermeability - 200-340 kg / m3.
It is an ideal insulation material for cladding the outer wall of a brick house, but it requires special conditions due to its characteristics:
- a layer of plaster not more than 50 mm;
- the foundation must be additionally reinforced.
Plaster
Thermal panels
This material stands out both for its thermal insulation and the ability to clad the surface of the walls..
Specifications:
- heat conductivity - 0.025 W / (mK);
- impermeability - 45-55 kg / m3.
NOTE!
Today on the market you can find panels that are produced as imitation of siding or wall paneling. Cover them with special quartz dressing.
Thermal panels
Wall cake - what are the elements of a brick wall?
- Plaster - from 10 to 35 mm, depending on the chosen version of the brick wall cake;
- Hollow or solid brick;
- Polyfoam PSB 25 (from 70 to 120 mm);
- Steel lathing;
- Vapor and windproof multifunctional membrane.
- Known plaster or mortar;
- External finishing - facing brick or decorative plaster.
Wall cake
A few words about waterproofing and vapor barrier
At the stage of thermal insulation of the wall, it is necessary to pay special attention to the vapor barrier, otherwise the insulation material will become unusable after a while. Polyethylene is a classic material for vapor barrier.
During installation, it must be handled with utmost care, do not stretch too much, otherwise the film may deform, especially with seasonal changes in climatic conditions.
Waterproofing
A commonly used vapor barrier material is considered to be mastics specially created for these purposes. When applied to a wall, they will allow air to pass through while retaining moisture. Waterproofing protects various building structures from moisture penetration. It is easy to apply, does not require special qualifications from workers, and, moreover, does not form seams.
For brick walls, instead of vapor barrier, plaster is often used, which in the case of mineral wool is not very true, because the insulation will begin to damp.
Vapor barrier and waterproofing
Sealing gaps and preparing the battens
It is better to replace damaged walls or carry out major repairs. The gaps in the joints are sealed with natural materials or synthetic stone sealants.
Before insulating the wall, you need to take care of the preparation of the crate. The distance between its bars should be determined based on the width of the insulation plate... It is important using a building level to check the vertical and horizontal surface for finishing. The battens should be directed perpendicular to the direction of the cladding panel.
Brick wall lathing
Do not forget about the installation of the transverse lathing to ensure high-quality ventilation.
For the convenience of installing intermediate elements of the lathing, a rope is pulled from the corner bar from the bottom and top of the facade. Some mark up future elements with chalk.
Insulation of a brick wall from the outside using the example of mineral wool
- From the outside, the brick base must be sheathed with OSB plates, between them you need to keep the gaps, the size of which is indicated by the manufacturer. Once installed, the gaps are earned with foam.
- Then, from the outside, stretch a membrane with waterproofing, which protects the mineral wool from moisture., on top of which all exterior decoration will be carried out. Many companies produce waterproofing materials with stripes on which fasteners are applied for a tighter joint. If there are no such strips, the joints should be glued with double-sided tape.
- Then the sheets with mineral wool are tightly mounted... Material is often used whose density starts from 35-50kg / m3. Material with a lower density will certainly settle or roll, which will cause the cold to pass through the voids formed.
- Mineral wool slabs are mounted in such a way that the past connections of the mines are covered. 150-200 mm. The overall thickness of the insulation is based on the climate and temperature indicators, but the average is 150 mm.
- After laying the sealant into the walls, all the voids that appear are filled with foil for installation.
Mineral wool insulation
Insulation for siding
Thermal insulation with expanded polystyrene and polyurethane foam - basic principles
Today, many builders insulate the facade with extruded polystyrene foam. The slabs are laid taking into account the degree of horizontal position. The sag will ideally cope with the task. When installing the slab, it is extremely necessary to pay attention to maintaining the uniformity of the profile strip; for this, a building level is used.
Joining of slabs is carried out according to the principle of brickwork, in other words, you need to mount half of the slab through each row. The slots are sealed with liquid polystyrene and foam pieces, while it is better not to use polyurethane foam. If the slabs are poorly joined, this can be easily corrected with a float.
Foam plates are attached with glue, but do not forget about special dowels with hats. Otherwise, due to strong gusts of wind, the plates will break off.
As for polyurethane foam, it is a new generation material that:
- Non-toxic and environmentally friendly;
- Does not lose its characteristics for a long time and serves for more than half a century;
- Freezes in a short period of time, thanks to which the installation time is significantly reduced;
- Insulation based on Polyurethane is completely safe for health. After solidification, this material becomes environmentally friendly;
- Thermal insulation with polyurethane foam is characterized by the lowest possible flammability when compared with other types of insulation;
- Polyurethane foam is not able to pass and absorb moisture. Thanks to the excellent thermal insulation, the owners of the house are spared the problems associated with the formation of condensation, mold and mildew.
Thermal insulation with expanded polystyrene
PPU thermal insulation
Insulating a brick house from the outside has a number of advantages. The main thing is to choose the right material and use it rationally, taking into account all the subtleties.
Useful video
How to insulate a brick wall with your own hands:
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Content
The owners of private houses are well aware of how serious the issue of insulating the facade of the house is. This has become especially relevant with the rise in energy prices. Insulation of the facade will allow you to keep thermal energy inside the house, creating a comfortable and cozy atmosphere in it. In addition, it allows you to significantly save on utility bills. To understand how to insulate a brick house from the outside, you need to familiarize yourself with existing technologies and installation features.
Features of external thermal insulation
When insulating the walls of a brick house externally, many nuances must be taken into account. The thermal conductivity of the wall depends on the structure of the brick, for example, it is hollow or solid. The quality of the selected heat insulator is important. It is unacceptable to use thermal insulation intended for internal insulation, for insulation of the facade. After all, it has significant differences in technical characteristics.
Materials for thermal insulation of external brick walls
Insulating walls from the outside implies a change in the appearance of the house. The final result will be influenced by the selected thermal insulation technology.
Among the advantages:
- Saving energy during the heating season.
- Increase in the service life of the bearing part.
- External insulation of the facade of a brick house allows you to change the appearance.
- Sound insulation is increased.
There are two known technologies, using which you can competently insulate a house from the outside.:
- Multilayer.
- Wireframe.
In the first case, the insulation is glued directly to the wall. For this, a special adhesive mixture is used. Additionally, the heat insulator is fixed with plastic dowels. The surface is treated with special plaster mixes, with the help of which the external appearance of the facade is formed.
Thermal insulation of walls outside In the second case, a frame is constructed according to the principle of a ventilated facade. Insulation is placed between the frame posts. The frame can be made of wood or aluminum profile. Cladding material is mounted on it, for example, lining, siding, etc.
The choice of thermal insulation material for warming the house outside
You can see a large selection of thermal insulation materials on the market. Each of them has its own technical characteristics. Our article will help you understand the question of how to insulate brick walls.
There are several important criteria that insulation must meet.:
- Coefficient of thermal conductivity. The higher the ratio, the better.
- Water absorption. This indicator should be minimal.
- Density. Determines the total weight of the material. The higher the density, the heavier it is.
- Flammability. To insulate the outer walls of a brick house, it is recommended to choose a G4 class insulation. In the absence of a fire source, the material stops burning.
- Lifetime.
- Water vapor permeability.
Determining the thickness of the heat-insulating layer, it is recommended to pay attention to:
- The type of building material. There are different types of bricks: silicate, stove and others. Silicate double has the lowest thermal conductivity. For him, the layer of thermal insulation can be minimal.
- Laying method. If the masonry is solid, the outer walls are insulated. If the masonry has air pockets, then installation is carried out only for internal walls.
Thermal insulation of house walls with external facade plaster So, what is the best way to insulate a brick house from the outside? Let's compare several technologies with each other:
| Material | Properties |
| Styrofoam | This is expanded polystyrene, the cells of which are filled with gas. This structure provides a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, which reaches a value of 0.033. Polyfoam, in addition to insulation, increases the quality of sound insulation of the structure. This insulation is lightweight. Density - from 35 to 50 kg / m 3. For facade finishing, a thickness of 100 mm is recommended. Disadvantages of foam: flammability, sensitivity to ultraviolet rays, vapor permeability. |
| Extruded polystyrene foam | It has all the properties of foam. But it has an additional advantage: the thermal conductivity coefficient is up to 0.028. Extruded polystyrene foam is stronger than polystyrene and easier to install. |
| Mineral wool | Resistant to combustion. Environmentally friendly. The minimum density is from 35 to 125 kg / m 3. Thermal conductivity ranges from 0.04 to 0.045. It allows steam to pass through, which eliminates the possibility of dampness. Possesses good sound insulating properties. Sold in rolls, slabs and mats. For reliable protection of a brick house, a material with a height of up to 150 mm is recommended. |
| Basalt wool | The density of slab basalt wool ranges from 75 to 150 kg / m 3. Easy to install. A big minus is a high level of water absorption. The insulation must be protected with a special waterproofing layer. |
| Warm plaster | It is a mixture of perlite, expanded clay, expanded polystyrene granules, plasticizer, lime and cement. Thermal insulation level from 0.06 to 0.065. Does not support and spreads fire. Has a high vapor permeability coefficient. Copes with the negative effects of moisture. Increases sound insulation of walls. The density of warm plaster is from 200 to 350 kg / m 3. Because of this, a serious load is placed on the foundation. Recommended thickness is 50 mm. |
| Thermal panels | The thermal panel has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity (no more than 0.025 with a product thickness of 100 mm). The thermal panel is based on polyurethane foam. Thanks to the large assortment, in addition to insulation, you can immediately decorate the facade. The front side of the thermal panel is lined with ceramic tiles. The insulation is highly resistant to moisture and frost. Very easy to install. |
When deciding how to insulate the facade of a brick house, one should not take into account the individual technical characteristics of the structure.
How to insulate the exterior brick walls of a house with modern materials
Of all the materials listed, the most popular are foam and mineral wool. If the work is done by hand, then we offer step-by-step instructions on how to properly insulate a brick house.
Mineral wool insulation
We suggest considering 2 ways of fixing mineral wool: on glue and in a frame.
Mineral wool for thermal insulation Mineral wool insulation technology for glue:
- The evenness of the walls is determined. It is possible to glue mineral wool on relatively flat and smooth walls. Therefore, the quality of the brickwork must be appropriate.
- A line is bounced along the perimeter of the facade with a laser level to secure the starting bar. The profile is fixed with dowels. It will serve as a support for the first row.
- The surface of the wall is coated with a primer to increase the adhesion quality.
- A special composition is prepared for gluing the plates.
- The glue is evenly distributed over the entire surface of the mineral wool.
- The insulation is neatly pressed against the wall.
- The board must be fixed with plastic dowels. For this, mounting holes are drilled through the plate and fungi are clogged in them. Their caps should be slightly recessed so that there are no bumps when finishing the facade. Up to 5 dowels can be used for one slab.
- Having fixed the first row in this way, the second begins with an offset of exactly half. All subsequent rows are also staggered.
Advice! When insulating a house using mineral wool slabs, you may find irregularities that form at the joints of the joint. They should be removed with special mineral wool graters.
In conclusion, it remains to perform the reinforcement of the insulating surface. The finish is covered with a decorative layer of plaster and painted.
How to insulate walls with mineral wool using the frame method... Sequence of work:
- A crate is made for attaching the facing material from wood or metal.
- The step between the battens should be 20 mm less than the width of the thermal insulation so that it fits snugly.
- Mineral wool is installed between the battens.
- After the installation of the insulation, a polyethylene film and facing facade material are fixed.
Frame method of insulation Warming with expanded polystyrene
There are features of the insulation of brick walls from the outside with expanded polystyrene. Sequence of work:
- The technical condition of the base brick wall is analyzed. The cracks are smeared over. The surface is well cleaned of dust, dirt and other contaminants.
- The entire plane must be primed to increase the adhesion of the adhesive to the wall.
- A starting profile is fixed along the perimeter of the facade. It is recommended to use a laser level during installation.
- An adhesive is being prepared.
- Plumbing glue is laid out on a sheet of expanded polystyrene.
- The sheet is moderately pressed against the wall. The evenness of the glued sheet must be controlled using a long strip or rule.
- For additional fixation, plastic dowels with caps are used. For their installation, technological holes are drilled through the insulation.
- In case of gaps between the expanded polystyrene sheets, fill them with polyurethane foam.
Expanded polystyrene for thermal insulation of brick walls Each subsequent row is staggered. In conclusion, the surface is reinforced and a decorative finishing plaster for outdoor use is applied to it. After complete drying, the plaster can be painted in the desired color.
Important! If you follow the recommendations, all the work can be done with your own hands without the involvement of specialists. Moreover, there is no need to use expensive equipment and tools.
Conclusion
We tried to consider in detail the question of how and what is the best way to insulate brick walls. The choice of thermal insulation material should be based on the features of the masonry and the structure of the brick. You should not save on the quality of a heat insulator, because a high-quality insulated facade will save money when heating a house in winter. We suggest watching a video in which you will discover many nuances that will help you do your own editing.
Content
Brick is a classic material for building a house, designed for many decades of use. The thermal conductivity of brick walls depends on its thickness - the number of rows of masonry. If in the very first winter after construction a wall in a brick house freezes, this means that the construction technology is broken or the thickness of the enclosing structures is insufficient. In this case, it is required to solve the issue of thermal insulation of the external walls of the building. Priority should be given to external insulation, but its installation is not always possible. Consider how to insulate a brick house from the inside, what materials are preferable to use and how to properly perform the installation of thermal insulation.
How to insulate the internal brick walls of a house Features of wall insulation
Human life activity is associated with a large release of heat and moisture. Bodies and household appliances radiate heat. Moisture is released during breathing, during cooking, using water for hygiene procedures, washing dishes, watering flowers. And the warmer the air, the better it retains moisture.
If the walls are not sufficiently insulated, condensation will form on them when the heated humid air cools down. It will provoke the development of the fungus, and dark spots will appear on the surface of the walls and ceiling. Fungal spores are harmful to human health - they enter the respiratory system, causing asthma attacks or an allergic reaction. In addition, mold has a destructive effect on the materials from which the walls are erected, irreparably spoiling the finish.
Wall with and without insulation Before insulating the walls of a brick house from the inside, it is advisable to understand how this will affect the operating conditions of the external walls and the microclimate in the room.
Where to locate the insulation?
It is correct to insulate buildings from the outside, otherwise condensation of moisture from the vapor cannot be avoided when warm air comes into contact with a cold front (dew point). Consider three types of brick walls:
- There is no insulation. The dew point is located in the thickness of the wall, so it accumulates moisture in the winter months, damp and decays over time.
- The insulating layer is located on the side of the room. The wall freezes through, due to which the dew point shifts towards the room, to the inner surface of the enclosing structure. Because of this, moisture condenses between the heat insulator and the wall. To avoid dampness of the wall, it is necessary to provide for effective ventilation of the room.
- The insulating layer is laid from the side of the street. The wall does not freeze, therefore it stays dry and freely releases steam outside. It is important that a ventilation gap is provided between the insulating layer and the brickwork to remove moisture from the room.
Internal instead of external
Obviously, insulating a brick house from the inside is not the best solution. However, you have to resort to it if:
- The building is an architectural monument, and it is forbidden to make changes to the appearance of the facade.
- The walls of an apartment in a multi-storey building are freezing. According to current regulations, it is impossible to unauthorizedly mount structures that change the appearance of a building.
- The buildings are located close to each other, which makes it impossible to carry out work on external wall insulation.
- The external masonry of the house is made of expensive facing bricks and it is a pity to cover it with a new finish, and in order to lay a new external layer of decorative bricks after installing thermal insulation, additional serious financial investments are required.
The disadvantages of insulation of internal walls include a decrease in the space of the room due to the fastening of the insulation and the base for finishing. The thickness of the insulating “pie” is usually at least 10 cm.
When installing a heat insulator inside the house, it is important to take into account that the insulation of the inner surfaces of the walls threatens with condensation, which should not be allowed.
Ventilation gap improves the thermal conductivity of the wall Vapor permeability
In order to breathe well in the living room and the air is not excessively humidified, high-quality ventilation is necessary. In buildings with brick walls, it is easy to breathe, since the material is vapor-permeable due to its porous structure. And so that excess moisture does not condense under a layer of insulation on the wall, but freely leaves the room, an important rule must be observed - vapor permeability should increase towards the outside, i.e. to the street.
This means that when insulating walls made of bricks from the inside, you cannot use materials that let steam through better than the brick itself. Otherwise, it will lead to the deposition of condensate on the structures. That is, sheathing of a freezing wall with plasterboard will provoke a constant dampness of structures in the cold season.
Material selection criteria
In the process of choosing how to insulate a brick wall from the inside, it is important to take into account the thermal insulation parameters of the material, as well as the indicators of its vapor permeability. To protect the freezing brick walls from contact with steam, choose one of three options:
- A polymer heat insulator is used that does not allow steam to pass through. Extruded polystyrene foam, high-density foam (loose material is vapor-permeable), foam foam, sprayed polyurethane foam will help to insulate the walls from the inside.
- They carry out the laying of mineral wool insulation (as well as loose foam) using high-quality hydro and vapor barrier. A fiber heat insulator is vapor permeable and tends to accumulate moisture. Basalt wool does not collapse under the influence of water, but its insulating properties deteriorate sharply.
- A thick layer of heat-insulating plaster is applied to the enclosing structures.
When deciding what is the best way to insulate your brick house, consider the method of installing the heat insulator. In almost all cases, you can do insulation from the inside with your own hands. The exception is the spraying of polyurethane foam, since the work requires the use of special equipment.
Material properties and installation technology
Let's figure out which insulation is better for the walls of a brick house, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of each option, as well as the installation features of popular materials.
Note! The thickness of the insulating layer is calculated individually, taking into account the heat loss of the house and the insulating properties of the selected material!
Mineral wool
Internal insulation of brick walls with mineral wool slabs has a certain specificity due to the vapor-permeable structure of the material. The heat insulator is required to be closed on both sides with a vapor barrier film, ensuring tightness to prevent heated humid air from contacting the enclosing structures.
The scheme of insulation of internal brick walls with mineral wool Work progress:
- a vapor barrier film is attached to the wall (with an overlap on the adjacent planes of the walls, floor and ceiling), the joints of the roll material are reliably glued with tape;
- a vertical crate is mounted with a step slightly less than the width of the heat insulator, the depth of the cells must correspond to the thickness of the insulation;
- mineral wool slabs are embedded in the cells;
- a vapor barrier material with hermetically sealed butt joints is attached on top;
- a counter-lattice is stuffed for fastening sheathing from chipboard sheets, drywall or other materials.
Extruded polystyrene foam
The advantages of modern material are excellent thermal insulation properties, lightness and strength. Extruded polystyrene foam is fire resistant. It is possible to insulate structures with this material by analogy with mineral wool, but the lathing contributes to the formation of cold bridges, which lead to the formation of condensation zones.
The scheme of insulation of brick walls with expanded polystyrene inside the room Consider how to properly insulate a brick wall from the inside using extruded polystyrene foam:
- the surface is cleaned, leveled with a thin layer of plaster and primed;
- using polyurethane foam or foam glue, foam polymer boards are glued to the wall - the elements are positioned with a shift of half the width in order to avoid long vertical seams;
- the joints are filled with polyurethane foam, after hardening, the excess is cut off.
The best option after these works can be gluing a reinforcing mesh and plastering the surface for painting or wallpapering. You can also use the dowels "fungi" to attach pieces of metal profile length of about 10 cm, which then sew drywall. But the use of "fungi" violates the integrity of the insulating layer.
Styrofoam
The advantage of foam is its low cost, in all other respects it is significantly inferior to extruded polystyrene foam. The main drawback of the material is flammability with the release of toxic substances. Foam plastic with a density of at least 35 kg / m 3 can be used as a heat insulator. To make the insulation of the walls of a brick house from the inside, a high-density material (about 50 kg / m 3) can be mounted using the technology of fastening extruded polystyrene foam, and a looser, steam-permeable material can be used as mineral wool. In this case, the joints between the elements of thermal insulation and the crate are sealed with polyurethane foam.
The scheme of wall insulation from the inside with foam Penofol
The polyethylene foam heat insulator can be foiled on one side or on both sides. The material is characterized by low thickness with high thermal insulation properties. Penofol 4 mm thick can replace 80 mm mineral wool. Moreover, it is often used together with mineral wool slabs to increase the thermal insulation properties of the "pie", while reducing its thickness. In this case, it is attached instead of a vapor barrier film after laying the heat insulator in the crate.
You can make thermal insulation of walls and partitions from one foam foam. Rails with a thickness of 20 mm or more are stuffed onto the walls to create an air gap. Using brackets, horizontal strips of foam foil are mounted with a foil layer to the room, gluing the joints with aluminum tape. Then a counter-lattice is stuffed for wall cladding for decoration. The foil layer reflects heat radiation, helping to retain heat in the house.
Sprayed PU foam
A warm wall without cold bridges will help to make a sprayed polyurethane foam. The foamed polymer is applied in an even layer to the prepared surface using special equipment. If the estimated thickness of the layer exceeds 3-4 cm, it is recommended to mount the crate-formwork, which will serve as the basis for fastening the cladding for the finishing. The disadvantage of the material is the high cost of work.
Internal insulated walls with polyurethane foam Plaster
Plastering walls is a classic method of insulation. This is a good option if you do not want to turn the room into a sealed box with artificial ventilation, since the plaster layer is "breathable", like the brick wall itself. The disadvantages include the duration and complexity of the "wet" work - plastering will have to be done in several layers in order to achieve the required thickness of thermal protection.
Application of plaster for brick walls Conclusion
Knowing how to insulate a brick wall from the inside, using various types of materials, their advantages and disadvantages, it is easier to choose the appropriate option. If you plan to do the whole range of work with your own hands, you must follow the instructions, because a violation of technology threatens with serious consequences in the form of mold on the walls and the gradual destruction of brickwork. We must not forget that internal insulation requires supply and exhaust ventilation, which will remove excess moisture.