Man as a spiritual being - Hypermarket of knowledge. Man as a spiritual being

The spiritual world of man. The concept of the spiritual life of people embraces all the wealth of feelings and achievements of the mind, unites the assimilation by mankind of accumulated spiritual values and the creative consciousness of new ones. The concept of the spiritual life of people embraces all the wealth of feelings and achievements of the mind, unites the assimilation by mankind of accumulated spiritual values and the creative consciousness of new ones. For a person whose spiritual life is highly developed, spirituality means striving for the heights of ideals and thoughts that determine the direction of all activities. For a spiritual person, the motive and meaning of life are not personal needs and relationships, but the highest human values. For a person whose spiritual life is highly developed, spirituality means striving for the heights of ideals and thoughts that determine the direction of all activities. For a spiritual person, the motive and meaning of life are not personal needs and relationships, but the highest human values.

The assimilation of certain values creates value orientations - a person’s conscious desire to build his life and transform reality in accordance with them. The assimilation of certain values creates value orientations - a person’s conscious desire to build his life and transform reality in accordance with them. A person whose spiritual life is poorly developed is unspiritual, unable to see and feel all the diversity and beauty of the world around him. A person whose spiritual life is poorly developed is unspiritual, unable to see and feel all the diversity and beauty of the world around him.

Spiritual guidelines of the individual: morals, values, ideals. Morality is a system of norms and rules governing the communication and behavior of people, ensuring the unity of public and personal interests. Morality is a system of norms and rules governing the communication and behavior of people, ensuring the unity of public and personal interests. The “Golden Rule” of morality: “Do unto others as you would have others do unto you.” The “Golden Rule” of morality: “Do unto others as you would have others do unto you.” The categorical imperative is an unconditional compulsory requirement that does not allow objections, obligatory for all people, regardless of origin, position, circumstances. The categorical imperative is an unconditional compulsory requirement that does not allow objections, obligatory for all people, regardless of origin, position, circumstances. The philosopher I. Kant formulated the categorical imperative of morality: “Always act in such a maxim, the universality of which as a law you can at the same time desire.” The philosopher I. Kant formulated the categorical imperative of morality: “Always act in such a maxim, the universality of which as a law you can at the same time desire.”

Morality includes ideals, values, categories (the most general, fundamental concepts). An ideal is perfection, the highest goal of human aspiration, an idea of the highest moral requirements, of the most sublime in a person. An ideal is perfection, the highest goal of human aspiration, an idea of the highest moral requirements, of the most sublime in a person. Values are what is most precious and sacred both for one person and for all humanity. Values are what is most precious and sacred both for one person and for all humanity. Anti-values or negative values - the negative attitude of people towards certain phenomena Anti-values or negative values - the negative attitude of people towards certain phenomena

Values can be legal, political, religious, artistic, professional, moral. Values can be legal, political, religious, artistic, professional, moral. The most important moral values constitute a system of value-moral orientation of a person, inextricably linked with the categories of morality. Moral categories are pairwise relative, for example good and evil. The most important moral values constitute a system of value-moral orientation of a person, inextricably linked with the categories of morality. Moral categories are pairwise relative, for example good and evil.

One of the most important moral categories is conscience. One of the most important moral categories is conscience. Conscience is the ability of an individual to recognize ethical values and be guided by them in all life situations, to independently formulate one’s moral responsibilities, to exercise moral self-control, and to be aware of one’s duty to other people. Conscience is the ability of an individual to recognize ethical values and be guided by them in all life situations, to independently formulate one’s moral responsibilities, to exercise moral self-control, and to be aware of one’s duty to other people.

Patriotism is also one of the most important value guidelines. Patriotism is also one of the most important value guidelines. Patriotism is a person’s attitude towards his Fatherland, devotion and love for the Motherland, his people. Patriotic feelings and ideas only morally elevate a person when they are coupled with respect for people of different nationalities. Patriotism is a person’s attitude towards his Fatherland, devotion and love for the Motherland, his people. Patriotic feelings and ideas only morally elevate a person when they are coupled with respect for people of different nationalities. The qualities of citizenship are social, psychological and moral qualities of an individual, combining a feeling of love for the Motherland, responsibility for the normal development of its social and political institutions, and awareness of oneself as a full citizen with a set of rights and responsibilities. The qualities of citizenship are social, psychological and moral qualities of an individual, combining a feeling of love for the Motherland, responsibility for the normal development of its social and political institutions, and awareness of oneself as a full citizen with a set of rights and responsibilities.

Moral principles are not inherent in a person from birth, but are formed in the family based on the example that is before his eyes; in the process of communicating with other people, during the period of training and education at school, when perceiving such cultural monuments that allow both to join the already achieved moral consciousness and to form one’s own moral values on the basis of self-education. Moral principles are not inherent in a person from birth, but are formed in the family based on the example that is before his eyes; in the process of communicating with other people, during the period of training and education at school, when perceiving such cultural monuments that allow both to join the already achieved moral consciousness and to form one’s own moral values on the basis of self-education. Self-education in the sphere of morality is, first of all, self-control, placing high demands on oneself in all types of one’s activities. Self-education in the sphere of morality is, first of all, self-control, placing high demands on oneself in all types of one’s activities.

Worldview and its role in human life. Worldview is a holistic idea of nature, society, man, which is expressed in the system of values and ideals of an individual, social group, society. Worldview is a holistic idea of nature, society, man, which is expressed in the system of values and ideals of an individual, social group, society. A person’s worldview is historical in nature: each historical era has its own level of knowledge, its own problems, its own approaches to solving them, and its own spiritual values. A person’s worldview is historical in nature: each historical era has its own level of knowledge, its own problems, its own approaches to solving them, and its own spiritual values.

Classification of worldview types. Everyday worldview. Everyday worldview. The everyday worldview arises in a person’s life in the process of his personal practical activity, which is why it is sometimes called the everyday worldview. This worldview is formed spontaneously. The everyday worldview is based on a person’s direct life experience. The everyday worldview arises in a person’s life in the process of his personal practical activity, which is why it is sometimes called the everyday worldview. This worldview is formed spontaneously. The everyday worldview is based on a person’s direct life experience.

Religious worldview. A religious worldview is a worldview, the basis of which is the religious teachings contained in such monuments of world spiritual culture as the Bible, the Koran, the holy books of Buddhists, the Talmud, and a number of others. A religious worldview is a worldview, the basis of which is the religious teachings contained in such monuments of world spiritual culture as the Bible, the Koran, the holy books of Buddhists, the Talmud, and a number of others. Religion contains a certain picture of the world, a doctrine about the purpose of man, commandments aimed at instilling in him a certain way of life, at saving the soul. Religion contains a certain picture of the world, a doctrine about the purpose of man, commandments aimed at instilling in him a certain way of life, at saving the soul.

Scientific worldview The scientific worldview is the legitimate heir of that direction of world philosophical thought, which in its development was constantly based on the achievements of science. It includes a scientific picture of the world, generalized results of the achievements of human knowledge, principles of the relationship between man and the natural and artificial environment. The scientific worldview is the legitimate heir of that direction of world philosophical thought, which in its development has constantly relied on the achievements of science. It includes a scientific picture of the world, generalized results of the achievements of human knowledge, principles of the relationship between man and the natural and artificial environment.

1. Worldview gives a person guidelines and goals for all his practical and theoretical activities. 1. Worldview gives a person guidelines and goals for all his practical and theoretical activities. 2. Worldview through its “core” philosophy allows people to understand how best to achieve their intended guidelines and goals, equips them with methods of cognition and activity. 2. Worldview through its “core” philosophy allows people to understand how best to achieve their intended guidelines and goals, equips them with methods of cognition and activity. 3. Based on the value orientations contained in the worldview, a person gets the opportunity to determine the true values of life and culture, to distinguish what is really important for a person’s activity in achieving his goals from what has no real significance. 3. Based on the value orientations contained in the worldview, a person gets the opportunity to determine the true values of life and culture, to distinguish what is really important for a person’s activity in achieving his goals from what has no real significance.

It is the worldview that contains a person’s understanding of the world and the trends of its development, human capabilities and the meaning of activity, good and evil, beauty and ugliness. It is the worldview that contains a person’s understanding of the world and the trends of its development, human capabilities and the meaning of activity, good and evil, beauty and ugliness.

Worldview- a system of views on the objective world and man’s place in it, on man’s attitude to the reality around him and to himself, as well as the basic life positions of people, their beliefs, ideals, principles of knowledge and activity, and value guidelines determined by these views.

Worldview. Its types and forms

Worldview structure

Knowledge– a form of existence and systematization of the results of human cognitive activity.
Principles- Leadership position, basic rule, installation for any activities. Internal conviction in anything point of view for anything, a norm of behavior.
Ideas -(Old Greek . ἰδέα - visibility, type, form, prototype) The main idea of a work or the general principle of a theory, invention, a certain prototype, plan or its most essential part.
Beliefs- element (quality) worldview, giving personalities or social group confidence in your views on the world, knowledge and assessments reality .
Ideals - (lat. idealis from Greekἰδέα - image, idea) - highest value, the best, completed state of something phenomena- an example of personal qualities and abilities; highest norm moral personalities(personal ideal).
Spiritual values- values necessary for the formation and development of people’s inner world, their spiritual enrichment.

Mythological - (from Greekμῦθος - legend, tradition) is based on an emotional, figurative and fantastic attitude towards the world. In myth, the emotional component of the worldview prevails over reasonable explanations. Mythology grows primarily from fear a person facing the unknown and incomprehensible - natural phenomena, illness, death. Since humanity did not yet have enough experience to understand the true causes of many phenomena, they were explained using fantastic assumptions, without taking into account cause-and-effect relationships .
Mythological a type of worldview is defined as a set of ideas that were formed in the conditions of a primitive society on the basis of a figurative perception of the world. Mythology is related to paganism and is a set of myths, which is characterized by the spiritualization and anthropomorphization of material objects and phenomena.
The mythological worldview combines the sacred (secret, magical) with the profane (public). Faith based.

Worldview. Its types and forms. Historical types of worldview

Theological (religious) - (from lat. religion- piety, holiness) is based on belief in supernatural forces. Religions In contrast to the more flexible myth, it is characterized by rigid dogmatism and a well-developed system of moral precepts. Religion distributes and supports examples of correct, moral behavior from her point of view. The importance of religion is also great in uniting people, but here its role is dual: uniting people in one denominations, it often divides people of different beliefs.

Worldview. Its types and forms. Historical types of worldview

Philosophical - (φιλία - love, desire, thirst + σοφία - wisdom → Old Greek . Φιλοσοφία (literally: love of wisdom) is defined as system-theoretical. The characteristic features of the philosophical worldview are logic and consistency, systematicity, and a high degree of generalization. The main difference between the philosophical worldview and mythology is the high role of reason: if myth is based on emotions and feelings, then philosophy- primarily on logic and evidence. Philosophy differs from religion in the permissibility of free-thinking: you can remain a philosopher by criticizing any authoritative ideas, while in religion this is impossible.

Worldview. Its types and forms.

Everyday (everyday) worldview - is a product of people’s everyday life, in the sphere of which their needs are met

Lack of integrity.
Predominance of arbitrary ideas. Relies on common sense and everyday experience.
Fragmented world views. Such a worldview takes shape spontaneously, in the process of everyday experience, and is difficult to imagine in its pure form.
Lack of integrity. As a rule, a person forms his views on the world, relying on clear and harmonious systems of mythology, religion, and science.

Morals, values, ideals

Morality– a form of social consciousness, consisting of a system of values and requirements that regulate people’s behavior. Approaches to the origin of morality: naturalistic, theological, sociological, cultural.

Morals, values, ideals

Functions of morality:

assessment
assessment- consideration of actions in terms of good and evil

(as good, bad, moral or immoral);

regulatory controlling integrating educational
regulatory- establishment of norms, principles, rules of behavior;
controlling- control over the implementation of norms based on public condemnation and/or the conscience of the person himself;
integrating- maintaining the unity of humanity and the integrity of the spiritual world of man;
educational- formation of virtues and abilities of correct and informed moral choice.

Morals, values, ideals

good and evil,
moral and immoral,
goals and means of achieving it,
morals and manners,
what is due and what is.

Morals, values, ideals

Moral values, unlike material ones, satisfy the needs of spiritual life, facilitate the process of human moral existence.
The highest moral values usually include generalized concepts that reflect the essence of morality and human existence: goodness, freedom, the meaning of life and happiness. Everyone needs values of this kind. they are important to everyone, which determines their universal status.

Morality as a special form of spiritual culture./ Morality is a set of norms approved by public opinion.
The most important aspects (sides) of morality:
a) cognitive (formation of a moral picture of the world);
b) evaluative (evaluation of social phenomena and people’s actions from the perspective of good and evil);
c) regulatory (a set of norms supported by public opinion).
3) Basic categories of morality:
a) good and evil;
b) duty and conscience;
c) justice;
d) honor and dignity;
d) happiness.
4) Moral culture of the individual and society.
5) The golden rule of morality is a universal law of human life in society.

Worldview

Worldview as a system of generalized views on the world and man’s place in it.
Worldview structure

Knowledge Principles Ideas Beliefs Ideals Spiritual Values
Knowledge
Principles
Beliefs
Ideals
Spiritual values
Historical types of worldview: mythological; theological (religious); philosophical.
mythological;
theological (religious);
philosophical.
Everyday (everyday) worldview and its features: predominance of arbitrary connections; fragmented world views; lack of integrity.
predominance of arbitrary connections;
fragmented world views;
lack of integrity.
Main features of the scientific worldview: logical harmony; systematic; versatility; criticality; validity.
logical harmony;
systematic;
versatility;
criticality;
validity.
Classification of worldview types according to emotional coloring Optimistic worldview Pessimistic worldview
Optimistic worldview
Pessimistic worldview

Municipal budgetary educational institution "Lyceum No. 2"

Performed:

student of class M-10-2

Egorova Maria Sergeevna

Cheboksary, 2016

Man as a spiritual being

Remembering the words of the famous writer and publicist V. A. Sukhomlinsky, that a person is born not in order to disappear without a trace as an unknown speck of dust, but in order to leave an eternal mark on himself, many people strive to realize their place in social relations and outline their directions of development and self-education. This process in philosophy is called “human self-construction.” The object of such construction is the spiritual world of man.

The human world is multifaceted and determines his inner, spiritual life, which includes consciousness, faith, feelings, aspirations, dreams. In the scientific understanding, the spiritual life of people embraces all the richness of feelings and achievements of the mind, unites the assimilation by mankind of accumulated spiritual values and the creative creation of new ones. In general, spirituality is the highest level of development and self-regulation of a mature personality. At this level, the meaning of a person’s life becomes not personal needs and relationships, but the highest human values: goodness, truth, beauty….

A person living in society cannot but obey certain rules, the most important of which are norms and morals. Morality is a system of norms and rules governing the communication and behavior of people. The moral attitudes of the individual have been studied by many great philosophers. For example, the German thinker I. Kant. This is how the categorical imperative of morality was formulated: do not do to others what you do not wish for yourself, i.e. he asserts personal responsibility for the acts committed.

Also, the spiritual world of the individual includes values and ideals. An ideal is perfection, the highest goal of human aspiration, an idea of the highest moral requirements. Values are what is most dear and sacred to a person. On the basis of these values, human relationships are built, priorities are determined and goals of activity appear. I believe that patriotism can be considered one of the most important value guidelines. This concept denotes a person’s relationship to his state and people and love for his Fatherland.

In the history of philosophical and ethical thought, there was a point of view according to which moral qualities are inherent in a person from the moment of his birth. Thus, some French philosophers believed that man is by nature kind and sincere. But representatives of Eastern philosophy believed on the contrary that man by nature is a bearer of evil. However, over time, philosophers nevertheless came to a consensus that moral principles are not inherent in a person from birth, but are formed in the family, on the example that is before their eyes, in the process of communicating with other people, in the process of education and training, and to form one’s own moral values on the basis of self-education. Self-education represents self-control, high demands on oneself and in all types of activities.

Subject Man as a spiritual being

Goal: to develop students’ moral guidelines, humanistic worldview, citizenship and general culture.

Tasks:

developing an understanding of the concept of “spirituality”;

formation of communicative, informational, sociocultural competence, one’s own position;

education of moral and spiritual values.

Expected result(acquired skills):

cognitive:

the ability to use concepts: morality, ethics, conscience, patriotism, citizenship, ideal in arguing one’s own opinion;

ability to analyze situations;

informational:

Ability to write notes and work with diagrams.

ability to use information resources;

analytical:

apply schemes for analyzing a problematic issue;

draw your own conclusions.

Form of delivery: Lesson-research

Lesson equipment

Textbook “Social studies grade 10”, edited by L.N. Bogolyubov, Prosveshchenie publishing house, 2007.

Multimedia projector.

Lesson Plan

What does the concept of “people’s spiritual life” include?

Spiritual guidelines of the individual: morals, values, ideals

Worldview and its role in human life

During the classes

Question I: Teacher’s story with elements of conversation.

Have you ever thought about your path in life, the meaning of your life? Did you strive to treat yourself consciously, to develop yourself, to educate yourself? Surely each of you has asked yourself similar questions that relate to a very important area of our lives - the spiritual world of man.

What is itspiritual world person? Let's start with the word "peace". It is ambiguous. In this case, it denotes the inner, spiritual life of a person, which includes knowledge, faith, feelings, and aspirations of people.

In scientific usage the conceptspiritual life of people covers all the wealth of feelings and achievements of the mind, unites the assimilation by humanity of accumulated spiritual values and the creative creation of new ones.

There are a thousand ways to be a very bad person without breaking a single law.

One should not think that a person who acts in accordance with his convictions is already a decent person. We need to check whether his beliefs are decent.

One of the most common temptations that leads to the greatest disasters is the temptation with the words “Everyone does it.”

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

Exercise: Choose one statement each that is closest to your beliefs.

Write a short essay in your notebooks using the outline you already know.

Slide 5

1. Carefully study the statement, understand its content

2. State the problem

4. Give reasons for your position (2-3 arguments)

5. Draw conclusions

After completing the task, voice 2-3 student works

In addition to direct norms of behavior, morality also includes ideals, values, categories (the most general, fundamental concepts).

Exercise: on this slide you see a table in which only the left part is filled in. Using the material in the paragraph on pages 37-39, find definitions for these terms

Slide 6

an unconditional compulsory requirement (command), not allowing objections, mandatory for all people, regardless of their origin, position, circumstances.

Ideal

perfection, the highest goal of human aspiration, the idea of the highest moral requirements, the most sublime in man

Values

that which is most dear is sacred both for one person and for all humanity. Values reflect a person’s attitude to reality (to certain facts, events, phenomena), to other people, to himself.

Moral categories

The most important moral values that make up the system of value-moral orientation of a person, inextricably linked with the categories of morality, are pair-correlative(bipolar) character, such as good and evil.

Conscience

the ability of an individual to recognize ethical values and be guided by them in all life situations, to independently formulate one’s moral responsibilities, to exercise moral self-control, and to be aware of one’s duty to other people.

Patriotism

a person’s value attitude towards his Fatherland, devotion and love for the Motherland, his people

Citizenship

socio-psychological and moral qualities of the individual, combining a feeling of love for the Motherland and responsibility for the normal development of its social and political institutions, and awareness of oneself as a full citizen with a set of rights and responsibilities

Definitions on the right side of the table appear after students have spoken them out.

Teacher's story Are moral principles formed in a person spontaneously or do they need to be formed consciously?

In the history of philosophical and ethical thought, there was a point of view according to which moral qualities are inherent in a person from the moment of birth. Thus, the French enlighteners believed that man is good by nature. Some representatives of Eastern philosophy believed that man, on the contrary, is evil by nature and is the bearer of evil. However, the study of the process of formation of moral consciousness has shown that there are no grounds for such categorical statements.

The ability to feel, understand, do good, recognize evil, be persistent and irreconcilable towards it are special moral qualities of a person that a person cannot receive ready-made from others, but must develop on his own.

Self-education in the field of morality - this is, first of all, self-control, placing high demands on oneself in all types of one’s activities.

Conclusion Moral self-education means the unity of consciousness and behavior, the steady implementation of moralitylegal norms in life and activity. Only in experience beforeBy doing good deeds and resisting evil, one can consciously carry out moral self-improvement.

III question.

Teacher's story An important part of a person’s spiritual world is his worldview

Slide 7

In the simplest, most common understanding, worldview is the totality of a person’s views on the world that surrounds him.

Worldview differs from other elements of a person’s spiritual world in that, firstly, it represents a person’s view not of any particular aspect of the world, but of the world as a whole. Secondly, worldview reflects a person’s attitude towards the world around him: is he afraid, is he afraid of this world, or does he live in harmony, in harmony with it? Is the person satisfied with the world around him or does he strive to change it?

Thus, a worldview is a holistic idea of nature, society, and man, which is expressed in the system of values and ideals of an individual, a social group, and society.

What does this or that worldview depend on?

Slide 7.

First of all, we note that a person’s worldview is historical in nature: each historical era has its own level of knowledge, its own problems, its own approaches to solving them, and its own spiritual values.

Classification of worldview types may be different.Slide 8

But the most common classification of worldview types is the following.

Everyday worldview arises in a person’s life in the process of his personal practical activity, which is why it is sometimes calledworldview.

A person’s views in this case are not justified by religious arguments or scientific data. This worldview is formed spontaneously, the everyday, everyday basis predominates.

Slide 8

The ordinary worldview is very widespread, since the efforts of educational institutions and church pastors often touch only the very “surface” of the sphere of a person’s spiritual life.

Religious worldview - a worldview, the basis of which are religious teachings contained in such monuments of world spiritual culture as the Bible, the Koran, the sacred books of Buddhists, the Talmud, and a number of others.

Scientific worldview is the legitimate heir of that direction of world philosophical thought, which in its development was constantly based on the achievements of science. It includes a scientific picture of the world, generalized results of the achievements of human knowledge, principles of the relationship between man and the natural and artificial environment.

What role does worldview play in people’s activities?Slide 9

Firstly, it gives a person guidelines and goals for all his practical and theoretical activities.

Secondly, it is the worldview that allows people to understand how best to achieve their goals and objectives, and equips them with methods of cognition and activity.

Thirdly, a person gets the opportunity to determine the true values of life and culture, to distinguish what is really important for a person’s activity in achieving his goals from what has no real significance, is false or illusory.

Each worldview has its advantages and disadvantagesSlide 10

In the form of a conversation, the teacher leads students to the correct answers. They appear on the slide as they are spoken.

Types of worldview

Advantages

Flaws

Everyday worldview

based on a person's direct life experience

makes little use of the experience of other people, the experience of science and culture, the experience of religious consciousness as an element of world culture

Religious worldview

close connection with the world cultural heritage, focus on solving problems related to the spiritual needs of a person, the desire to give a person faith in the possibility of achieving their goals.

sometimes manifested intransigence towards other positions in life, insufficient attention to the achievements of science, and sometimes even ignoring them.

Scientific worldview

strong scientific validity, reality of the goals and ideals contained in it, organic connection with the industrial and social activities of people

man has not yet taken his rightful place in the scientific worldview

Conclusion. Our time allows a person to make ideological self-determination. But it should be remembered that the ordinary worldview leaves a person at the level of everyday concerns and does not give him sufficient grounds for orientation in the complex and rapidly changing modern world. Everyone chooses for himself what, in his opinion, helps him live.

Consolidation of the studied material.

Now let's see how the material on this topic can be presented in the Unified State Exam materials in social studiesSlides 11-18. Students give answers by explaining them

1. A popular composer is working on a new song dedicated to protecting the world. What type of activity does this example illustrate?

1) spiritual

2) economic

3) political

4) social

2. Man is a unity of three components: biological, mental and social. Social characteristics of a person include

1) age characteristics

2) racial differences

3) manifestations of heredity and variability

4) spiritual ideals and values

3. Insert the missing word in the diagram

Secondary (acquired needs)

social

prestigious

4. From the given examples, select those that relate to human spiritual activity

material and production activities

cognitive activity

social transformation activities

prognostic activity

value-oriented activity

5. Spiritual values include:

1) microscope

2) computer

3) scientific discovery

4) television

6. Worldview is formed under the influence of:

A. Personal experience.

B. Cultural environment.

B. Education and upbringing.

G. Psychological characteristics of the individual.

1) A and D are correct

2) true A B D

3) C and D are correct

4) true A B C D

7. The individual’s ability to exercise moral self-control is called:

1) conscience

2) conviction

3) talent

4) etiquette

8. The foundation of the spiritual life of society is:

1) cognition

2) art

3)science

4) culture

Conclusions on the topic. There are many different opinions about morality and morality - that the end justifies the means, and that winners are not judged. Probably those who think so have the right to do so.

But I want to end our lesson with another statement - the words of L.N. Tolstoy

Everything can be forgiven, but not the perversion of those highest truths

which humanity has reached with such difficulty.

Homework 1.Paragraph 4 of the textbook, task 1-4.

2.On the Internet, find a definition of the concept of “humanistic worldview”

Subject: Man as a spiritual being

Performed

Yakunina E.N. history and social studies teacher

Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 1r. P. Pachelma

Goal: to develop students’ moral guidelines, humanistic worldview, citizenship and general culture.

Tasks:

developing an understanding of the concept of “spirituality”;
formation of communicative, informational, sociocultural competence, one’s own position;
education of moral and spiritual values.

What is it spiritual world person?

In scientific usage the concept spiritual life of people covers all the wealth of feelings and achievements of the mind, unites the assimilation by humanity of accumulated spiritual values and the creative creation of new ones. A person whose spiritual life is highly developed, as a rule, possesses an important personal quality: his spirituality means striving for the heights of ideals and thoughts that determine the direction of all activities, therefore some researchers characterize spirituality as the morally oriented will and mind of a person. The spiritual characterizes not only consciousness, but also practice.
On the contrary, a person whose spiritual life is poorly developed unspiritual unable to see and feel all the diversity and beauty of the surrounding world.

Spiritual life is what elevates a person, fills his activities with deep meaning, and contributes to the choice of the right guidelines. It requires constant enrichment through communication and especially through reference to the works of Russian and foreign philosophers, the sacred books of world religions, masterpieces of domestic and world fiction, music, and painting.

What is morality? Who sets moral standards?

Morality is a system of norms and rules governing the communication and behavior of people, ensuring the unity of public and personal interests.

I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery; Let you have no other gods before Me.
You shall not make for yourself an idol or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth below, or that is in the water under the earth; You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I the Lord your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and fourth generation of those who hate Me, and showing mercy to a thousand generations of those who love Me and keep My commandments.
Do not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not leave without punishment the one who takes His name in vain.
Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy; six days thou shalt work and do all thy work in them, but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: on it thou shalt not do any work, neither thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor [thy ox]. neither your donkey, nor any of your livestock, nor the stranger who is in your gates; For in six days the Lord created heaven and earth, the sea and everything in them, and rested on the seventh day; Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and sanctified it.
Honor your father and your mother, so that it may go well with you and that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving you.
Dont kill.
Don't commit adultery.
Don't steal.
Do not bear false witness against your neighbor.
Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house; You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, nor his field, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor any of his livestock, nor anything that is your neighbor’s.

Do not associate another deity with Allah (Quran, 17:22).
Honor your parents (Quran, 17:23).
Give to others what is due to them (Quran, 17:26).
Treat orphans kindly (Quran, 17:34).
Be faithful in measure when you weigh and weigh with right balances (Quran, 17:35) .
Keep your promises (17:34) .
Do not kill your children for fear of impoverishment (Quran, 17:31).
Do not kill a soul that Allah has forbidden except by right (Quran, 17:33).
Do not approach adultery (Quran, 17:32).
Do not follow what you have no knowledge of (Quran, 17:36).
Do not walk proudly on the earth (Quran, 17:37).
Do not waste your wealth recklessly, but stick to the middle (Quran, 17:26, 27).

The "Golden Rule" of Morality

It says: “Do unto others as you would have others do unto you.”

Exercise: Choose one statement each that is closest to your beliefs. Write a short essay in your notebooks using the outline you already know.

The surest way to stay poor is to be an honest person.

Napoleon Bonaparte

There are a thousand ways to be a very bad person without breaking a single law.

Germaine de Stael

One should not think that a person who acts in accordance with his convictions is already a decent person. We need to check whether his beliefs are decent.

Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky

One of the most common temptations that leads to the greatest disasters is the temptation with the words “Everyone does it.”

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

1. Carefully study the statement, understand its content
2. State the problem
3. Reveal the attitude of the author of the statement to the problem (2-3 sentences)
4. Give reasons for your position (2-3 arguments)
5. Draw conclusions

Exercise: on this slide you see a table in which only the left part is filled in. Using the material in the paragraph on pages 37-39, find definitions for these terms

Ideal

Values

Conscience

Patriotism

Citizenship

ANSWER

an unconditional compulsory requirement (command), not allowing objections, mandatory for all people, regardless of their origin, position, circumstances.

Ideal

perfection, the highest goal of human aspiration, the idea of the highest moral requirements, the most sublime in man

Values

that which is most dear is sacred both for one person and for all humanity. Values reflect a person’s attitude to reality (to certain facts, events, phenomena), to other people, to himself.

The most important moral values that make up the system of value-moral orientation of a person, inextricably linked with the categories of morality, are pairwise (bipolar) in nature, for example, good and evil.

Conscience

Patriotism

a person’s value attitude towards his Fatherland, devotion and love for the Motherland, his people

Citizenship

Worldview is a holistic idea of nature, society, and man, which is expressed in the system of values and ideals of an individual, a social group, and society.

Ordinary (everyday)

Religious

Scientific

WHAT INFLUENCES WORLDVIEW?

Languages To

Culture

History of the people

WHAT INFLUENCES WORLDVIEW?

What role does worldview play in people’s activities?

Firstly, gives a person guidelines and goals for all his practical and theoretical activities.

Secondly, It is the worldview that allows people to understand how best to achieve their goals and objectives, and equips them with methods of cognition and activity.

Third, a person gets the opportunity to determine the true values of life and culture, to distinguish what is really important for a person’s activity in achieving his goals from what has no real significance, is false or illusory.

Each worldview has its advantages and disadvantages

Types of worldview

Advantages

Everyday worldview

Flaws

based on a person's direct life experience

Religious worldview

close connection with the world cultural heritage, focus on solving problems related to the spiritual needs of a person, the desire to give a person faith in the possibility of achieving their goals.

makes little use of the experience of other people, the experience of science and culture, the experience of religious consciousness as an element of world culture

Scientific worldview

sometimes manifested intransigence towards other positions in life, insufficient attention to the achievements of science, and sometimes even ignoring them.

strong scientific validity, reality of the goals and ideals contained in it, organic connection with the industrial and social activities of people

man has not yet taken his rightful place in the scientific worldview

Our time allows a person to make ideological self-determination. But it should be remembered that the ordinary worldview leaves a person at the level of everyday concerns and does not give him sufficient grounds for orientation in the complex and rapidly changing modern world. Everyone chooses for himself what, in his opinion, helps him live.

Consolidation (test)

1. A popular composer is working on a new song dedicated to protecting the world. What type of activity does this example illustrate?

1) spiritual

2) economic

3) political

4) social

2. Man is a unity of three components: biological, mental and social. Social characteristics of a person include

1) age characteristics

2) racial differences

3) manifestations of heredity and variability

4) spiritual ideals and values

Think

3. Insert the missing word in the diagram:

Secondary (acquired needs)

social

prestigious

Do not hurry!

4. From the given examples, select those that relate to human spiritual activity
material and production activities
cognitive activity
social transformation activities
prognostic activity
value-oriented activity

5. Spiritual values include:

1) microscope

2) computer

3) scientific discovery

4) television

Match correctly

6. Worldview is formed under the influence of:

A. Personal experience.

B. Cultural environment.

1) A and D are correct

2) true A B D

B. Education and upbringing.

G. Psychological characteristics of the individual.

3) C and D are correct

4) true A B C D

Choose correctly

7. The individual’s ability to exercise moral self-control is called:

1) conscience

2) conviction

3) talent

4) etiquette

8. The foundation of the spiritual life of society is:

1) cognition

2) art

4) culture

There are many different opinions about morality and morality - that the end justifies the means, and that winners are not judged. Probably those who think so have the right to do so.
Everything can be forgiven, but not the perversion of those highest truths that humanity has reached with such difficulty. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Homework

1.Paragraph 4 of the textbook, task 1-4.
2.On the Internet, find a definition of the concept of “humanistic worldview”

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