Fire safety requirements for building floors. Fireproof ceilings, partitions and belts

BUILDING REGULATIONS

FIRE STANDARDS

SNiP 2.01.02-85 *

GOSSTROY USSR

Moscow 1991

DEVELOPED TSNIISK them. Kucherenko of the USSR State Construction Committee (Candidate of Technical Sciences V.N. Siegern-Korn- topic leader; Cand. tech. sciences L.N. Bruskov; Dr. Tech. sciences I.G. Romanenkov), Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings of the USSR State Construction Committee (Candidate of Technical Sciences V.V. Fedorov, M. Ya. Roitman) with the participation of NIIZhB, Promstroyproekt and Goskhimproekt Gosstroy of the USSR, TsNIIEP of spectacular buildings and sports facilities named after B.S. Mezentsev, TsNIIEP of educational buildings and TsNIIEP dwellings of Gosgrazhdanstroya, MISI them. V.V. Kuibyshev of the USSR Ministry of Higher Education, VNIIPO and VIPTSH of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

INTRODUCED TSNIISK them. Kucherenko State Construction Committee of the USSR.

PREPARED FOR APPROVAL by the Glavtekhnormirovanie Gosstroy USSR ( G.M. Khorin, G.P. Krsheminsky).

With the entry into force of SNiP 2.01.02-85 * "Fire regulations" SNiP is no longer valid II -2-80 "Fire safety standards for the design of buildings and structures."

In SNiP 2.01.02-85 * amendment No. 1 was introduced, approved by the decree of the State Construction Committee of the USSR No. 18 of April 24, 1991.

When using the normative document, one should take into account the approved changes in building codes and regulations and state standards published in the Bulletin of Construction Equipment, the Collection of Changes to Building Codes and Rules of the USSR State Construction Committee and the information index "USSR State Standards" of the State Standard.

These standards must be observed when developing projects for buildings and structures.

These standards establish the fire-technical classification of buildings and structures, their elements, building structures, materials, as well as general fire safety requirements for structural and planning solutions for premises, buildings and structures for various purposes.

These standards are supplemented and clarified by the fire requirements set out in the SNiP part 2 and in other regulatory documents 1 approved or agreed by the USSR State Construction Committee.

In these standards, the terms and definitions given in ST SEV 383-76 and GOST 12.1.033-81 * are adopted.

1. FIRE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES
AND FIRE COMPARTMENTS

1.5. Suspended ceiling frames should be made of non-combustible materials.

Filling of suspended ceilings is allowed to be made of combustible materials, with the exception of filling of false ceilings in common corridors, on stairs, in stairwells, lobbies, halls and foyers of buildings I - IV but the degrees of fire resistance.

In the space behind the suspended ceiling, it is not allowed to provide for the placement of channels and pipelines for the transportation of combustible gases, dust-air mixtures, liquids and materials.

The minimum limits of fire resistance of building structures, h (above the line), and the maximum limits of fire propagation along them, see (below the line)

staircases, stringers, steps, beams and staircases

slabs, floorings (including those with insulation) and other supporting structures of floors

coating elements

load-bearing and stairwells

self-supporting

external non-bearing (including from curtain panels)

internal non-bearing (partitions)

slabs, floorings (including those with insulation) and purlins

beams, trusses, arches, frames

n... n.

Not standardized

Notes: 1. The limits of fire propagation for vertical and inclined sections of structures are given in brackets.

2. Abbreviation „n. n. "means that the indicator is not standardized.

When false ceilings are used to increase the fire resistance of floors and coatings, the fire resistance of the floor or coating with suspended ceilings should be determined as for a single structure, and the fire propagation limit should be determined separately for the floor or cover and for the suspended ceiling. In this case, the limit of fire propagation along such a suspended ceiling should be no more than that established for the protected ceiling or covering. Suspended ceilings should not have openings, and communications located above suspended ceilings should be made of non-combustible materials.

1.6*. In buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance, it is allowed to use partitions made of plasterboard sheets according to GOST 6266-89 with a frame made of non-combustible materials with fire resistance limits of at least 1 and 0.5 hours, respectively. gypsum plasterboard sheets are not allowed to be painted with flammable paints.

1.7. The structures that form the slope of the floor in the halls must comply with the standards established for slabs, flooring and other load-bearing structures of floors.

1.8. In buildings of all degrees of fire resistance, roofing, rafters and lathing of attic coverings, floors, doors, gates, binders of windows and skylights, as well as finishing (including facing) of walls and ceilings, regardless of the normalized limits of fire spread along them, may be made of combustible materials. In this case, the rafters and lathing of attic coverings (except for buildings of the V degree of fire resistance) should be subjected to fire retardant treatment. The quality of the fire retardant treatment must be such that the mass loss of fire retardant wood when tested according to ST SEV 4686-84 does not exceed 25% .

In buildings with attics (excluding buildings V degree of fire resistance) when constructing rafters and lathing made of combustible materials, it is not allowed to use roofs made of combustible materials.

In rooms where flammable liquids are produced, used or stored, floors should be made of non-combustible materials.

In buildings of all degrees of fire resistance, except V , it is not allowed to clad walls and ceilings from combustible materials and pasting with combustible film materials in common corridors, staircases, lobbies, halls and foyers, as well as arrange floors in lobbies, staircases and elevator halls from combustible materials.

In buildings I - III degrees of fire resistance, it is not allowed to clad the outer surfaces of the outer walls from combustible and hardly combustible materials.

Doors of built-in cabinets for placing fire hydrants may be made of combustible materials.

1.9. It is not allowed to provide voids limited by combustible materials in the walls, partitions, ceilings and coverings of buildings, with the exception of voids:

in wooden structures of ceilings and coverings, divided by blind diaphragms into areas not exceeding 54 m 2, as well as along the contour of internal walls;

between a steel or aluminum profiled sheet and a vapor barrier, provided that a non-combustible or slow-combustible insulation material is located behind the vapor barrier. With a heater made of combustible materials (including without laro insulation), these voids at the ends of the sheets must be filled with non-combustible or slow-combustible material to a length of at least 25 cm;

between fire-retardant structures and their lining made of combustible materials from the side of the premises, provided that these voids are divided by blind diaphragms into sections with an area of not more than 3 m 2;

between the claddings made of combustible materials and the outer surfaces of the walls of one-story buildings with a height from the ground level to the cornice of no more than 6 m and a building area of no more than 300 m 2, provided that these voids are divided by blind diaphragms into areas of no more than 7.2 m 2.

Deaf diaphragms are allowed to be made of combustible materials.

2. REQUIREMENTS FOR VOLUME-PLANNING
AND CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS OF BUILDINGS

2.1. Rooms in which flammable gases and liquids are used or stored, as well as there are processes associated with the formation of combustible dusts, are not allowed to be placed directly under rooms intended for the simultaneous stay of more than 50 people.

Note. Indicators of fire and explosion hazard of substances are determined in accordance with GOST 12.1.044 -84.

2.2. Basements under buildings must be one-story, except for the cases provided for in SNiP part 2.

In the basement and basement floors, it is not allowed to stir the premises in which flammable gases and liquids, as well as flammable materials are used or stored.

2.3. In each part of the basement floor (including in the corridor), separated by fire walls or partitions, with rooms in which combustible substances and materials are used or stored, at least two windows of 0.75 in size should be provided.´ 1.2 m with pits. The free area of these windows must be taken by calculation, but not less than 0.2% of the area of these premises.

Type of fire barriers or their elements

The minimum limit of fire resistance of fire barriers or their elements, h

Fire walls

Fireproof partitions

Fireproof ceilings

Fireproof doors and windows

Fireproof gates, hatches, valves

Tambour-sluices

Elements of vestibules-sluices:

fireproof partitions

fireproof ceilings

fire doors

Elements of fire zones:

fire walls separating the area from the premises of the fire compartments

fireproof partitions inside the zone

fireproof ceilings

cover elements

exterior walls

Fire walls, partitions, ceilings, structures of fire zones and lobbies-sluices, as well as filling of light openings in fire barriers must be made of non-combustible materials.

It is allowed in fire doors and hatches of the 1st and 2nd types to use wood protected from all sides with non-combustible materials with a thickness of at least 4 mm or deeply impregnated with fire retardants or other fire-retardant treatment that ensures its compliance with the requirements for non-combustible materials.

It is allowed to use plasterboard partitions as fireproof in accordance with GOST 6266-89, with a frame made of non-combustible materials, with a fire resistance limit of at least 1.25 hours for type 1 partitions and 0.75 hours for type 2 partitions. The junctions of these partitions with other structures must have a fire resistance limit of at least 1.25 hours and 0.75 hours, respectively.

3.3. The limit of fire resistance of fire doors and gates should be determined according to ST SEV 3974-85, and fireproof windows, hatches and valves - according to ST SEV 1000-78. In this case, the limiting states for fire resistance for windows are characterized only by collapse and loss of density, and for fire doors of elevator shafts - only by the thermal insulation capacity and loss of density of the door leaf.

3.16. Fire walls and zones must retain their functions in the event of one-sided collapse of adjacent structures.

4. EVACUATION OF PEOPLE FROM ROOMS AND BUILDINGS

4.1. Evacuation routes must ensure the safe evacuation of all people in the premises of buildings through emergency exits.

4.2. Exits are evacuation exits if they lead from the premises:

a) the first floor to the outside directly or through the corridor, vestibule, staircase;

b) any floor, except for the first, into the corridor leading to the staircase, or directly into the staircase (including through the hall). In this case, the stairwells should have an exit directly or through the vestibule, separated from the adjoining corridors by partitions with doors;

c) to an adjacent room on the same floor, provided with exits specified in subparagraphs "a" and "b", except for the cases specified in SNiP part 2.

When arranging emergency exits from two staircases through a common lobby, one of them, in addition to entering the lobby, must have an exit directly outside.

Exits to the outside are allowed to be provided through the vestibules.

4.3*. From buildings, from each floor and from the premises, at least two emergency exits should be provided, except for the cases specified in SNiP Part 2.

Evacuation exits should be dispersed. Minimum distance l between the most distant one from the other evacuation exits from the premises should be determined by the formula

where NS-perimeter of the room.

4.4. From a room with an area of up to 300 m 2, located in the basement or basement floor, it is allowed to provide one emergency exit if the number of permanent residents in it does not exceed 5 people. With the number of people from 6 to 15, it is allowed to provide a second exit through a hatch with dimensions of at least 0.6´ 0.8 m with a vertical ladder or through a window measuring at least 0.75´ 1.5 m with exit device.

4.5*. Exits from basements and basement floors should be provided directly outside, except for the cases specified in SNiP Part 2.

4.6. The clear width of escape routes must be at least 1 m, doors must be at least 0.8 m.

For doors opening from rooms to common corridors, the width of the corridor should be taken as the width of the evacuation route along the corridor, reduced:

half the width of the door leaf - with one-sided doors;

to the width of the door leaf - with two-sided doors.

The height of the passage on the escape routes must be at least 2 m.

The permissible length of escape routes should be taken according to SNiP part 2.

4.7. In the floor on the escape routes, height differences less than 45 cm and protrusions are not allowed, with the exception of thresholds in doorways. In places of elevation differences, stairs with a number of steps of at least three or ramps with a slope of no more than 1: 6 should be provided.

4.8. In common corridors, it is not allowed to provide for the installation of built-in cabinets, with the exception of cabinets for communications and fire hydrants.

4.9. The device of spiral staircases, winders, sliding and lifting doors and gates, as well as revolving doors and turnstiles on the escape routes is not allowed.

4.10. In the lobbies, it is allowed to place security rooms, an open cloakroom and trading stalls.

4.11. In stairwells it is not allowed to provide premises for any purpose, industrial gas pipelines and steam pipelines, pipelines with flammable liquids, electrical cables and wires (except for electrical wiring for lighting corridors and staircases), exits from lifts and freight elevators, garbage chutes, as well as equipment protruding from the plane of the walls at a height of up to 2.2 m from the surface of the treads and stairs.

In buildings with a height from ground level to the floor of the upper floor less than 26.5 m, it is allowed to provide garbage chutes and electrical wiring for lighting apartments in stairwells.

In stairwells (except for non-smoke ones), it is allowed to place no more than two passenger elevators that descend at least the first floor.

4.12. Doors on escape routes should open in the direction of the exit from the building.

Doors to balconies, loggias (with the exception of doors leading to the air zone of smoke-free staircases of the 1st type) and to the platforms of external stairs intended for evacuation, doors from rooms with a simultaneous stay of no more than 15 people, doors from storage rooms with an area of no more than 200 m 2 and sanitary facilities can be designed to open inwardly.

4.13. The height of clear doors on escape routes must be at least 2 m.

The height of doors and passages leading to rooms without a constant stay of people in them, as well as to basements, basements and technical floors, can be reduced to 1.9 m, and doors that are an exit to the attic or an attic floor - up to 1.5 m ...

4.14. External escape doors of buildings should not have locks that cannot be opened from the inside without a key.

4.15. The doors of staircases leading to common corridors, doors of lift halls and lobbies-sluices must have devices for self-closing and sealing in the vestibules and must not have locks that prevent them from being opened without a key.

In buildings with a height of more than four floors, these doors, except for apartments, must be deaf or with reinforced glass. The width of the outer doors of the stairwells and the doors to the vestibule must be at least the calculated width of the stairway.

Staircase doors in the open position should not reduce the estimated width of landings and flights.

4.16. For the evacuation of people from buildings, it is envisaged:

stair types:

1st - internal, placed in stairwells;

2nd - internal open (without enclosing walls);

3rd - outdoor open;

conventional staircase types:

1st - with natural light through windows in the outer walls (including those open to the outside);

2nd - without natural light through windows in the outer walls (including those with overhead lighting);

smoke-free staircases types:

1st - with an exit through the external air zone along balconies, loggias, open passages, galleries;

2nd - with air pressure in case of fire;

3rd - with access to the staircase through the vestibule-sluice with air pressure (constant or in case of fire).

The scope of these stairs and staircases is established in the SNiP part 2.

4.17. The width of the flight of the stairs must be at least the width of the emergency exit (door) into the staircase.

The width of the landing should be at least the width of the march, and in front of the entrances to the elevators with swing doors - at least the sum of the width of the march and half the width of the elevator door, but not less than 1.6 m.

Between the flights of stairs, a gap of at least 50 mm should be provided.

4.18. Escalators should be designed according to the standards established for the design of stairs, taking into account the requirements of clause 4.19.

drawings and description of the design of the samples;

data on meteorological conditions during tests;

for asymmetrical internal walls and partitions, an indication of the side exposed to the fire during the test;

a description of the behavior of the sample during testing, a record of the controlled parameters, including the readings of thermocouples, and the results of their processing;

the results of measuring the boundaries of damage to the sample in the control zone due to its combustion;

conclusion indicating the limit of the spread of fire along the structure;

a photograph of the structure during and after the test, and, if necessary, after the opening of the inner layers.

APPENDIX 2
Reference

EXAMPLE DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS OF BUILDINGS DEPENDING ON THEIR DEGREE OF FIRE RESISTANCE

Fire resistance	Design characteristics
	Buildings with load-bearing and enclosing structures made of natural or artificial stone materials, concrete or reinforced concrete using sheet and slab non-combustible materials
	Also. It is allowed to use unprotected steel structures in the coatings of buildings.
	Buildings with load-bearing and enclosing structures made of natural or artificial stone materials, concrete or reinforced concrete. For floors, it is allowed to use wooden structures protected by plaster or low-combustible sheet, as well as plate materials. The elements of the coatings are not subject to requirements for the limits of fire resistance and the limits of the spread of fire, while the elements of the attic covering made of wood are subjected to fire retardant treatment.
	Buildings are predominantly framed. The frame elements are made of unprotected steel structures. Fencing structures - made of profiled steel sheets or other non-combustible sheet materials with low-combustible insulation
	Buildings are mainly one-story with a frame structural scheme. The frame elements are made of solid or glued wood, subjected to a fire retardant treatment, which ensures the required limit of fire propagation. Fencing structures - from panels or element-by-element assemblies, made with the use of wood or materials based on it. Wood and other combustible materials of building envelopes must be subjected to fire retardant treatment or protected from the effects of fire and high temperatures in such a way as to ensure the required limit of fire propagation.
	Buildings with load-bearing and enclosing structures made of solid or glued wood and other combustible or hardly combustible materials, protected from fire and high temperatures by plaster or other sheet or plate materials. The elements of the coatings are not subject to requirements for the limits of fire resistance and the limits of the spread of fire, while the elements of the attic covering made of wood are subjected to fire retardant treatment.
	Buildings are mainly one-story with a frame structural scheme. The frame elements are made of unprotected steel structures. Fencing structures - from steel profiled sheets or other non-combustible materials with combustible insulation
	Buildings, the load-bearing and enclosing structures of which are not subject to requirements for fire resistance and fire propagation limits

Note. The building structures of buildings given in this annex must meet the requirements and other norms of this SNiP.

What is a fire barrier? A fire barrier is a building structure that separates different parts of a building from each other. The barrier serves to prevent the flame from spreading to other rooms.

The main types of fire barriers:

Partition (vertical enclosing structure),
Overlap (floor, ceiling),
Wall,
Tambour locks (space with two doors), etc.

As a rule, a fire barrier is designed for a certain time during which it can contain the flame. According to SNiP, fire walls resist the spread of flame for at least 2.5 and 0.75 hours, partitions - 0.75 and 0.25 hours, ceilings - 2.5, 1 and 0.75 hours, vestibules - 0.75 hours.

In fireproof walls of the 1st type, fireproof doors are installed, as well as windows and gates of the 1st type, in the walls of the 2nd type of filling (doors, windows and gates) must be of the 2nd type. Partitions of the 1st type are equipped with fire-resistant doors and windows of the 2nd type, partitions of the 2nd type - doors and windows of the 3rd type. The floor and ceiling of the 1st type have hatches and valves of the 1st type, hatches and valves of the 3rd type are installed in the ceilings of the 2nd and 3rd types.

Barriers are made of refractory materials. This can be, for example, reinforced concrete or metal. For the manufacture of fire hatches and doors of the 1st and 2nd types, that is, with a fire resistance limit of 60 minutes and 30 minutes, you can use wood with a thickness of 4 mm or processed with special substances to a state of incombustibility.

Models of fire doors from STROYSTALINVEST

Coating primer

Single-floor blind fire doors

Price: 8 800 rub.

1. Parts of buildings, structures, fire compartments, as well as premises of various classes of functional fire hazard must be separated by enclosing structures with standardized fire resistance limits and classes of constructive fire hazard or fire barriers. Requirements for such enclosing structures and types of fire barriers are established taking into account the classes of functional fire hazard of premises, the magnitude of the fire load, the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard of the building, structure, fire compartment.

2. The limits of fire resistance and types of building structures performing the functions of fire barriers, the corresponding types of filling openings and vestibules are shown in Table 23

3. The limits of fire resistance for the corresponding types of filling openings in fire barriers are given in Table 24 of the Appendix to this Federal Law.

4. Requirements for elements of vestibule locks of various types are given in Table 25 of the Appendix to this Federal Law.

5. Fire walls should be erected to the entire height of a building or structure or up to type 1 fire-prevention ceilings and ensure that the fire does not spread into the adjacent fire compartment, including in the event of a one-sided collapse of the building or structure from the side of the fire source.

(see text in previous edition)

6. Places of conjugation of fire walls, ceilings and partitions with other enclosing structures of a building, structure, fire compartment must have a fire resistance limit not less than the fire resistance limit of the mating barriers.

(see text in previous edition)

7. The design of the places where fire walls meet other walls of buildings and structures should exclude the possibility of fire spreading bypassing these barriers.

(see text in previous edition)

8. Windows in fire barriers must be non-opening, and fire doors and gates must have self-closing devices. Fire doors, gates, curtains, hatches and valves that can be operated in the open position must be equipped with devices that ensure their automatic closing in the event of a fire.

9. The total area of openings in fire barriers should not exceed 25 percent of their area.

10. In fire-prevention barriers separating premises of categories A and B from premises of other categories, corridors, staircases and elevator halls, vestibules with constant air pressure must be provided. The arrangement of common vestibules for two or more adjacent rooms of categories A and B is not allowed.

11. If it is impossible to arrange vestibules in fire barriers separating rooms of categories A and B from other rooms, or fire doors, gates, curtains, hatches and valves in fire barriers separating rooms of category B from other rooms, a set of measures should be provided for preventing the spread of fire to adjacent floors and adjacent rooms.

12. In the openings of fire barriers, which cannot be closed by fire doors or gates, for communication between adjacent rooms of category C or D and rooms of category D, open vestibules equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations must be provided, or fire protection doors and gates must be installed. curtains, screens. The enclosing structures of these vestibules must be fireproof.

13. Fire doors, gates, hatches and valves must ensure the standard value of the fire resistance limits of these structures. Fire curtains and screens should be made of materials of the NG flammability group.

14. It is not allowed to cross fire walls and ceilings of the 1st type with channels, shafts and pipelines for transporting combustible gases, dust-air mixtures, liquids, other substances and materials. In places where such fire barriers cross channels, shafts and pipelines for transporting substances and materials other than the above, with the exception of channels of smoke protection systems, automatic devices should be provided to prevent the spread of combustion products through channels, shafts and pipelines.

15. The enclosing structures of elevator shafts located outside the staircase and elevator engine rooms (except for those located on the roof), as well as channels and shafts for laying communications, must comply with the requirements for type 1 fire partitions and type 3 ceilings. The fire resistance limit of the enclosing structures between the elevator shaft and the elevator engine room is not standardized.

16. Doorways in the fences of elevator shafts with exits from them to corridors and other rooms, except for staircases, must be protected by fire doors with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 30 or screens made of non-combustible materials with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 45, automatically closing doorways lift shafts in case of fire, or lift shafts in buildings and structures should be separated from corridors, staircases and other rooms by vestibules or halls with type 1 fire partitions and type 3 ceilings.

APPENDIX Y

REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE BARRIERS

U.1 Fire barriers include fire walls, partitions, ceilings, zones. vestibules-sluices, doors, windows, hatches, valves.

The scope of application of fire barriers is established in SNiP 2.01.02, part 2 [I]. U.2 Types of fire barriers and their minimum fire resistance limits should be taken according to Table U.1. Fire walls, partitions, ceilings, structures of fire zones and lobbies-sluices, as well as filling of light openings in fire barriers must be made of non-combustible materials.

Table U.1

Fire protection barriers	Type of fire barriers or their elements	The minimum limit of fire resistance of fire barriers or their elements, h
Fire walls		2,50 0,75
Fireproof partitions		0,75 0,25
Fireproof ceilings		2,50 1,00 0,75
Fireproof doors and windows		1,20 0,60 0,25
Fireproof gates, hatches, valves		1,20 0,60
Tambour-sluices Elements of vestibules-sluices:
fireproof partitions fireproof ceilings fire doors		0,75 0,75 0,60
Fire zones (see 3.13) Elements of fire zones:
fire walls separating the area from the premises of the fire compartments		0,75
fireproof partitions inside the zone		0,25
columns		2,50
fireproof ceilings		0,75
cover elements		0,75
exterior walls		0,75

It is allowed to use wood in fire doors and hatches of the first and second types, protected from all sides with non-combustible materials with a thickness of at least 4 mm or deeply impregnated with fire retardants or other fire-retardant treatment that ensures its compliance with the requirements for non-combustible materials.

It is allowed to use as fireproof partitions made of plasterboard sheets with a frame made of non-combustible materials, with a fire resistance limit of at least 1.25 hours for partitions of the first type and 0.75 hours for partitions of the second type. The junctions of these partitions with other structures must have a fire resistance limit of at least 1.25 and 0.75 hours, respectively.

U.3 The limit of fire resistance of fire doors and gates should be determined in accordance with GOST 30247.2, and fire windows, hatches and valves in accordance with GOST 30247.0 and GOST 30247.1. In this case, the limiting states for fire resistance for windows are characterized only by collapse and loss of density, and for fire doors of elevator shafts - only by the thermal insulation capacity and loss of density of the door leaf.

U.4 Fireproof walls of the first and second types should be provided with fire doors, gates, windows and valves of the first and second types, respectively.

Fireproof partitions of the first type should include fireproof doors, gates, windows and valves of the second type, and fireproof partitions of the second type - fireproof doors and windows of the third type.

In fire-prevention ceilings of the first type, fire-prevention hatches and valves of the first type should be used, and in fire-prevention ceilings of the second and third types, fire-prevention hatches and valves of the second type.

U.5 Fire walls should rest on foundations or foundation beams, be erected to the entire height of the building, intersect all structures and floors.

Fire walls are allowed to be installed directly on the frame structure of a building or structure made of non-combustible materials. In this case, the fire resistance limit of the frame, together with its filling and fastening nodes, must be at least the required fire resistance limit of the corresponding type of fire wall.

U.6 Fire walls should rise above the roof: by at least 60 cm, if at least one of the elements of the attic or non-attic covering, with the exception of the roof, is made of combustible materials; not less than 30 cm, if the elements of the attic or non-attic covering, with the exception of the roof, are made of non-combustible materials.

Fire walls may not rise above the roof if all elements of the attic or non-attic covering, with the exception of the roof, are made of non-combustible materials.

U.7 Fire walls in buildings with external walls made with the use of combustible or hardly combustible materials must cross these walls and protrude beyond the outer plane of the wall by at least 30 cm.

When installing external walls made of non-combustible materials with tape glazing, fire walls must separate the glazing. In this case, it is allowed that the fire wall does not protrude beyond the outer plane of the wall.

U.8 When dividing a building into fire compartments, the fire compartment should have a wall of a higher and wider compartment. It is allowed to place windows, doors and gates with non-standardized fire resistance limits in the outer part of the fire wall at a distance above the roof of the adjoining compartment not less than 8 m vertically and not less than 4 m from the walls horizontally.

U.9 It is allowed to arrange ventilation and smoke channels in the fire walls so that in the places where they are located, the fire resistance limit of the fire wall on each side of the channel is at least 2.5 hours.

U. 10 Fireproof partitions in rooms with suspended ceilings should divide the space above them.

U.11 When placing fire walls or fire partitions in the places where one part of the building adjoins another at an angle, it is necessary that the horizontal distance between the nearest edges of openings located in the outer walls is at least 4 m, and sections of walls, cornices and roof overhangs adjoining the fire wall or partition at an angle, over a length of at least 4 m, were made of non-combustible materials. If the distance between the specified openings is less than 4 m, they must be filled with fire doors or windows of the second type.

У. 12 Fireproof ceilings must adjoin external walls made of non-combustible materials, without gaps. Fireproof ceilings in buildings with external fire-spreading walls or glazing located at the floor level must intersect these walls and glazing.

U. 13 It is allowed in the cases provided for in SNiP 2.01.02, part 2, to provide for fire zones of the first type instead of fire walls to divide the building into fire compartments.

The first type of fire zone is made in the form of an insert dividing the building along its entire width (length) and height. The insert is a part of the building formed by fire walls of the second type, which separate the insert from the fire compartments. The width of the zone must be at least 12 m.

U.14 In rooms located within the fire zone, it is not allowed to use or store flammable gases, liquids and materials, as well as provide for processes associated with the formation of combustible dusts.

It is allowed to use a heat-insulating material made of low-combustible materials and a roof made of combustible materials in the covering of the fire zone, taking into account the requirements of U.6.

In the fire walls of the zone, openings are allowed provided that they are filled in accordance with U.17.

U. 15 Constructive solutions for fire zones in structures should be made in accordance with SNiP 2.09.03.

U. 16 Fire walls and zones must retain their functions in the event of a one-sided collapse of adjacent structures.

U. 17 It is allowed to provide openings in fire barriers, provided they are filled with fire doors, windows, gates, hatches and valves or when tambour locks are installed in them. The total area of openings in fire barriers, with the exception of elevator shaft fences, should not exceed 25% of their area. Fire doors and gates in fire barriers must have seals in the vestibules and self-closing devices. Fireproof windows must be non-opening.

U. 18 Doors of vestibules-sluices from the side of premises in which flammable gases, liquids and materials are not used or stored, as well as there are no processes associated with the formation of flammable dusts, are allowed to be made of flammable materials with a thickness of at least 4 cm and without voids. In airlock vestibules, air pressurization should be provided in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05 [З].

U. 19 Fire walls, zones, as well as fireproof ceilings of the first type are not allowed to be crossed by channels, shafts and pipelines for transporting flammable gas and dust-air mixtures, flammable liquids, substances and materials.

U.20 In places of intersection of fire walls, fire zones, as well as fire-prevention overlaps of the first type with canals, shafts and pipelines (except for water supply pipelines, sewerage, steam and water heating) for the transportation of media other than those specified in U. 19, it is necessary to provide automatic devices that prevent the spread of combustion products through channels, mines and pipelines in the event of a fire.

U.21 The enclosing structures of elevator shafts, rooms of engine rooms of elevators, channels, shafts and niches for laying communications must comply with the requirements for fire partitions of the first type and ceilings of the third type.

If it is impossible to install fire doors in the fences of elevator shafts, vestibules or halls with fire partitions of the first type and ceilings of the third type should be provided.

APPENDIX F

REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE PROTECTION OF PROCESS EQUIPMENT

F.1 Fire protection is designed to increase the actual limit of fire resistance of screens, mechanical devices for protecting technological openings, cases, tanks, pipelines, stacks, frames, electrical wiring, etc. lightweight formulations (coatings, intumescent paints and varnishes).

F.2 The choice of an adequate method of fire protection of structures, a specific fire retardant material or composition should be carried out taking into account the structural, operational, technological and technical and economic factors, the permissible probability of fire protection failures.

F.3 In the technical conditions for the use of fire retardant coatings, the following characteristics must be established:

The type of structure to be protected and its location in space;

The required limit of fire resistance of the protected element that corresponds to the design accident;

The required service life of fire protection, taken equal to the service life of the equipment (before overhaul) or set by the customer, taking into account the specific conditions of the equipment functioning;

Types of loads acting on the protected element (static, dynamic, seismic);

Temperature and humidity conditions of operation and production of work on fire protection, moisture and weather resistance of the fire retardant composition and material;

The degree of aggressiveness of the environment in relation to fire protection and construction material, as well as the degree of aggressiveness of the fire protection material in relation to the structure;

Permissible increase in the load on the structure due to the mass of fire protection;

Environmental and aesthetic requirements for fire protection.

The choice of the optimal composition of fire protection should be carried out taking into account the requirements of the economic efficiency of the fire safety system in accordance with GOST 12.1.004 (1.4) or from the condition of normalizing the limiting probability of occurrence of developed fires established by regulatory documents for the corresponding technological processes.

F.4 For fire protection of technological equipment, intumescent coatings are effective, combining heat-absorbing and heat-insulating properties, the requirements for which are set out below.

F.4.1 Performance requirements

F.4.1.1 The coating must be designed and correspond to the temperature and humidity conditions of one of the options given in Table F. 1.

Table F.1

Operation option

Temperature and humidity conditions

Universal

Temperature ± 50 ° C. Relative humidity up to 98%

Artificial climate facility

Temperature from 5 to 35° C. Relative humidity up to 80%

A short-term decrease in temperature (within four hours) to 0 is allowed° C and increasing humidity up to 98%

F.4.1.2 Physical and mechanical properties of a fire retardant intumescent coating should ensure the preservation of its performance under the conditions of exposure:

Vibrations with an amplitude of vibration acceleration up to 30 m / s 2 in the frequency range from 0.5 to 100 Hz, mechanical shocks with a maximum pulse amplitude of up to 150 m / s 2 (single exposure). The pulse shape is triangular. Pulse duration from 5 to 10 ms. The pulse rise time is 1 ms.

F.4.1.3. The fire-retardant coating must ensure transportation in the closure by all means of transport without limiting the speed and distance.

F.4.2 Technical requirements

F.4.2.1 The coating must ensure the required fire resistance of the protected structures and the limits of fire spread along them in accordance with SNiP 2.01.02 and other regulatory documents.

F.4.2.2 The coating must meet the requirements given in table F.2.

Table F.2

The main indicator	Meaning	Test Method
1 Film strength upon impact on the U-1A device, cm, not less		GOST 4765
2 Adhesion by the cross-cut method, score, not less		GOST 15140
3 Film hardness according to the pendulum device M-3, conv. units, not less	0,15	GOST 5233
4 Swelling coefficient, times, not less		According to F.4.4

F.4.2.3 The coating must be fungicidal and fungicidal in accordance with GOST 9.049 and GOST 9.050.

F.4.3 Warranty period

F.4.3.1 The guaranteed shelf life of the coating is at least 6 months (in components, in a cork).

F.4.3.2 The warranty service life of the coating applied to the structure must be equal to the design service life of the equipment (before overhaul), but not less than 10 years.

The warranty period is confirmed by the accelerated climatic test method.

F.4.4 Method for checking the swelling coefficient of a fire retardant coating

F.4.4.1 The swelling factor is determined by swelling of the coating applied 1 mm thick on a metal plate 100 x 100 mm in size.

F.4.4.2 Swelling of the coating is carried out in an oven with the sample holding at a temperature of 600° C for 5 min.

F.4.4.3 Swelling factor TO Sun is defined as the ratio of the thickness of the expanded layer h to the original coating thickness h 0 :

TO sun = h/h 0 .

layer thickness measurementh 0 carried out with a caliper in three sections of the sample. Swelling coefficients are defined as the arithmetic mean of three measurements.

F.4.4.4 The requirements of the application do not apply to special-purpose equipment: equipment for the production and storage of explosives, storage of flammable products for special purposes, civil defense protective structures, etc.

Fires in homes, industrial and other buildings pose a terrible threat to human life and often cause great material damage. To protect people from irreparable consequences, the state has developed a number of fire codes and regulations (SNiP), which must be met by any room.

Fire partitions are one of the important security details of every building. They are always in demand in large office buildings, shops and factories, as they prevent the spread of fire and smoke during a fire, providing people with the opportunity to evacuate in a timely manner.

Today, many companies are engaged in their installation, but not all of their production meets the established standards. AB-Profi offers its customers the installation of fire partitions in accordance with all the requirements and norms of SNiP and GOST.

What is a firewall?

This is a barrier that prevents fire from spreading from one room to other rooms. Such barriers are divided into several types, depending on the indicators of fire resistance.

Types of fireproof partitions according to GOST:

Type 1 firewall - must have a fire resistance rating of El 45;
Type 2 firewall - must have a fire resistance rating of El15.

These figures mean that each of these partitions can hold back fire for 45 or 15 minutes. The letters E and l are important: E is the norm for the integrity of the partition, l means the ability of the structure to isolate heat within the specified time.

You can also find additional indicators EIW30 or EIW60, where, in addition to the designations E and l, another letter W is indicated. It shows the limit of the heat flux density on the unheated side.

In addition to compliance with fire resistance standards according to GOST, there are several more rules established by law (SNiP).

Rules governing the production of firewalls:

Compliance with fire resistance indicators according to GOST.
Any partition that prevents a fire must be made of materials that are resistant to fire (clause 3.2 of SNiP 2.01.02 - 85).

Refractory gypsum board (GKL) with a frame made of refractory materials such as steel or aluminum (GOST 6266-89). In this case, the mating angles must have a fire resistance index of at least 1.25 for the first type and 0.75 for the second;
Refractory plastic;
Fire-resistant glass - with a frame made of non-combustible materials or cast, transmitting light, or made using a special technology - a multilayer method;

Glass blocks are used in premises to which particularly high fire safety requirements are applied. They do not melt, do not crack, completely prevent the penetration of fire and the spread of heat;

Each of the materials has its own advantages and disadvantages, brick and partitions, as well as plastic and GKL sheets with a frame due to their low cost, are especially popular due to their strength.

Glass fireproof partitions or their analogs made of glass blocks are no less durable than brick, they are distinguished by a beautiful appearance, but their prices are much higher than those of analogues made of other materials.

The fire-resisting partition must provide free space above the suspended ceilings ( NS. 3.10 SNiP 2.01.02 - 85).
Any room located in the basement floor should be separated from the others by a firewall.

Fireproof partitions have two design options:

Stationary - these are partitions made of hollow bricks, at least 10 cm thick.
Mobile - fire barriers made of refractory material with a metal frame, they can be easily dismantled and rearranged to other places.

Construction device

Each firewall has a different device depending on the type of construction. Stationary partitions are brickwork, it is distinguished from the wall by the technology of masonry - the brick is laid with an edge.

Mobile partitions are based on a metal frame, which is filled with a heat-insulating base, and the surface is decorated with any fire-resistant material.

All internal joints and seams are sealed with special compounds, which swell when strongly heated, completely fill the smallest cavities and block not only fire, but also smoke.

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