How to plaster a wall with a cement-sand mortar? Video tutorials on self-finishing walls with cement plaster How to plaster walls with a cement-sand mixture.

Plastering is an important construction process for leveling walls and insulating a home. It also masks the wires and increases the level of sound insulation.

There are many mortars that are used for plastering walls. But the most popular is cement. It has many beneficial properties such as good resistance to high moisture levels. Also worth noting is the durability.

We prepare walls from different materials for plaster

The preparatory stage is extremely important if you want to achieve a smooth surface of the walls without flaws. Before applying the plaster, you must determine what material the surface is made of. The list of necessary actions will depend on this.

Working with bricks

Despite the many modern materials, brick is used in most cases when creating walls. This is not surprising, since the material has many positive qualities that explain its high popularity.

If you have a wall of ordinary brick in front of you, then before you apply the cement mortar for plaster with your own hands, you need to assess the degree of surface moisture. In the case of a new building, no preparatory actions are required.

Dry masonry is found in houses that have been in use for a long time. In this case, spray the surface with water before applying the plaster mortar. If you do not, then the composition will slide off the walls.

Advice ! If there are protruding bricks, chop them off with a chisel and hammer. This will save on plaster mortar.

If facing brick is used in the structure of the wall, then the algorithm for preparing for plastering with cement mortar will be somewhat more complicated. First of all, you need to attend to the installation of the crate.

There are many technologies for installing high-quality wall sheathing before starting to make the plaster with cement mortar. One of the most reliable and fastest is the following:

1. Drive nails into the mortar between the bricks.
2. Thread the aluminum wire onto the nails.
3. Check the tension.

Sometimes you have to work with small sections of the walls. In this case, you can use the tile glue trick. Take a notched trowel and use it to apply a thin layer of glue.

Attention ! Typically, the drying period for the glue takes about a day. The exact date must be indicated on the package.

There is another important stage in the preparation of a brick wall for plastering with cement mortar. This is priming. Only after it will you be able to do basic work with a predictable result.

Preparing walls from other materials

It is quite difficult to work with concrete blocks, as the cement slurry simply slides down. Fortunately, the above two methods will allow you to secure the plaster with glue or battens.

If you need to apply plaster to a cinder block wall, do not forget to thoroughly moisten the surface before starting work. This will allow you to achieve a good and secure fit.

In fact, there are a number of materials that need to be treated before plastering with grout:

1. Sawed shell rock. The preparation algorithm is the same as that of cinder blocks.
2. Wooden wall. Before plastering with cement mortar, treat the surface with a primer and install a special mesh.
3. Drywall. A primer is sufficient.
4. Inhomogeneous coverage. Sometimes it is necessary to carry out plastering with cement mortar of walls from different materials. In them, the drops can reach 20 centimeters. Therefore, it must be aligned before doing anything. Cement mortar is ideal for leveling. But before you start pre-processing - prime the wall and install a special mesh.
5. Plastered walls. Often, under the influence of time, old plaster falls into disrepair and you have to take care of a new coating layer. But in order to apply it, you need to remove the old layer. This procedure is most conveniently carried out using a perforator. As a last resort, you can use a chisel and hammer.

If you properly prepare the walls before plastering, then the cement mortar will lie on them in an even layer and at the same time hold on for a long time. The surface of a newly made brick house does not require preparatory processing.

Apply the solution

Reinforcing mesh

In order to apply cement mortar to the walls, a special mesh is best suited. It will increase the strength and elasticity of the plaster, and this, in turn, will extend its service life.

Attention ! Another important property of the reinforcing mesh is the ability to prevent cracking when it dries.

Usually, when working, a grid with cells of 20x20 mm is used. It is ideal for fixing grout. But in order to achieve a really good result, you need to take care of the anti-corrosion coating.

Dowels are usually used for installation. They need to be amused from each other at a distance of about 35 centimeters. One of the most correct setups is chess. It saves you a lot of time. After the dowels are installed, it is necessary to cut the mesh to the desired size.

It is best to install the mesh from the bottom up. The elasticity of the product makes it easy to put the product on the dowels and fix it. In this case, you need to wind the wire from above. More precisely, it must be extended to each dowel. As a result, you should get the letter Z.

When joining several pieces of mesh, they need to be piled on top of each other. This will increase the strength of the plaster. In addition, the level of resistance of the cement mortar to mechanical damage will increase.

Lighthouses

Lighthouses are an important element when applying grout, which allows you to make the plaster even and smooth. Usually nails are used as beacons.

There are several methods for creating beacons. For example, you can make key points using a cement mixture. Tile glue or putty is often used as an alternative.

A beacon is installed on the points. In order for it to be installed accurately, you must use the level. Use a rule to prevent bending. You need to apply a level to it during the application of beacons.

Now you need to drill holes along a vertical line. The bald spots are clogged in them. Subsequently, a lighthouse profile is screwed onto them. For this task, 25mm screws are ideal.

The gaps from the pads to the pads are subsequently filled with cement mortar. This will avoid sagging under the weight of the rule. This method allows you to perform work efficiently, even with large irregularities.

Advice ! It is advisable to set the distance from the beacon to the beacon at a distance greater than the rule by 10 cm.

Application

In order to apply the cement mixture to the walls, you will need a number of tools:

• plastering bucket,
• putty knife,
• trowel,
• usually
• trowel,
• grater.

With their help, you can apply a high-quality cement mortar, thereby providing the walls with good thermal insulation and a beautiful appearance.

Prime before applying the mixture. If this is not possible, just moisten the walls. It is necessary to apply the cement composition until they are completely dry.

A bucket or trowel is used to throw the composition. After that, by means of a rule and two beacons, alignment is done. Also, this procedure allows you to evenly stretch the substance over the surface.

Advice ! The alignment of the walls must be done from the bottom up.

When the walls are dry, grout is done. To do this, you can use the same solution, but in a much more liquid form. Application is carried out using a polisher. You need to grind until a flat surface is formed. How to plaster the walls with cement mortar with your own hands, you can see in the video below.

In order to increase the life of the plaster, you can use an etchant. This procedure increases the resistance of the cement layer to mechanical damage and avoids the formation of fungus on the surface.

A special solution with neutralizing acid is used to etch the walls. In this case, it is necessary to use personal protection to avoid chemical burns. The complete set consists of gloves, a gown, a respirator and goggles. Special shoes will also not be superfluous.

Attention! All etching work should be carried out in a well-ventilated area.

Outcomes

Plastering the walls with cement mortar allows you to insulate the house with your own hands. This makes the surface of the walls suitable for painting or wallpapering. But in order for everything to go as it should, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work. It is especially important to moisturize the surface prior to application.

It has long been customary to use cement for plastering walls. Over the entire history of its use, the material has proven itself only on the positive side - it is not only a very reliable, but also a durable component in the composition of the plaster mixture.

For example, cement has such advantages:

• Reliability;
• Acceptable cost;
• High level of strength;
• Impressive moisture resistance.

Let's talk in more detail about how to plaster walls with cement correctly. In addition, we will figure out how much cement is required in order to plaster the walls.

Properties and composition of cement plaster

Plastering cement mixture is a material that belongs to the category of the same agents that are used to level walls.

It is not at all difficult to prepare such a composition with your own hands - three components are needed here: water, sand, cement itself.

And now in more detail:

• Portland cement acts as a binder in the plaster mix. The brand of cement for plastering the walls is chosen depending on what the purpose of the material is. Namely: for indoor work, you can always choose M200-M400 cement, and for facade finishing, it is better to choose M500.

If you are going to plaster any room where there is a high level of humidity, then it is better to choose a brand that is more durable. The M400, for example, will do just fine.

1. Quarry sand does an excellent job with the function of a filler (the main thing is that it be washed). Excellent results are shown by the material of the middle fraction. In addition, "boron" sand is also often used - it is easy to recognize it by its characteristic yellow tint. For such purposes, it is better not to use river sand, as well as material that contains silt, clay, or dust-like impurities;
2. A mixture of sand and cement is mixed with water. For this task, they take only clean water (purified from silt, dirt, debris, and other mixtures). Plain tap water is suitable, as well as spring water, well water, technical water.

This simple composition is enough - the solution will be a strong, reliable and resistant coating in the future, which ideally will last for decades (perhaps even longer). The main thing is to properly withstand the preparation recipe first, then the application technique.

It is also possible to plaster walls with cement in facade work - the material is not afraid of frosts, it is also not afraid of moisture. It is characterized by extremely high wear resistance and strength. This is not to say that the surface quality will be the highest, but taking into account the fact that the technology is usually used for rough leveling, the result is unambiguously acceptable - this is not worth denying.

Classic additives

To increase the quality level of the future surface, to increase adhesion to the base, in the composition of the classic solution some additives are often added which we will talk about now:

• Gypsum- thanks to this material, the hardening time of the solution is shortened, the surface quality is increased. It is used to finish ceilings, it also processes hard-to-reach places, where the setting speed of the solution is of great importance;
• Lime- helps to increase the quality of the surface, affects the rubbing ability of the coating. Thanks to such an additive, the weight of the finishing layer is also lightened, which is important. Water vapor permeability is improved. Lime should be added to the plaster mortar in a slaked state - usually in the form of an aqueous solution or in the form of a dough. We are talking about small quantities - 0.1-0.8 of the total volume of cement;
• PVA glue- increases the plasticity, strength and adhesion of the material. The coating will come out strong, monolithic. Its characteristics will correspond to polymer-cement plaster - this is a very good result;
• Liquid soap- used in cases where it is necessary to increase the plasticity of the solution, to increase the adhesion to the base. Due to the use of liquid soap, thicker layers can be safely applied, since the solution flows less with such an additive, adheres to the base much better. In addition, it should be noted here that the surface is smoother and more even;
• Factory-made plasticizers and additives- depending on the composition, these additions can be used in order to increase frost resistance, moisture resistance, plasticity, strength and other indicators of the solution. In addition, among these additives you can easily find antifungal and antiseptic drugs, which also have a beneficial effect on the quality level of the plaster.

If we talk about what are the characteristic properties of cement mortars, then we can mention their shrinkage. It is much more pronounced in comparison with lime and gypsum compositions. So, you are unlikely to be able to get a perfectly flat surface without an appropriate topcoat.

Material costs and recipe secrets

If you have a question about how to plaster the walls with cement, you should first find out something else: how to prepare the mixture for this. To understand what is at stake, we recommend that you watch the video: preparing a mixture for plastering.

General working principle:

• It is customary to prepare mixtures for plastering by hand;
• For this, first of all, cement and sand are mixed in the required proportions;
• Further, water is added to the composition of this mixture, while stirring;
• Stir gradually until the consistency of a paste is obtained;
• Can use a variety of cooking methods;
• The use of electric concrete mixers is recognized as a quite convenient option - they are small in size, so they are practical in operation.

If you wish, you can always stir the solution in a tray or in a bucket - the drill, on which you have installed a mixing attachment, will help you. But this method cannot be called very productive, because a lot of solution is required for work.

The classical method of preparation: the entire mixture for plastering walls with cement is kneaded in a trough, mixed with an ordinary shovel.

Especially for this, cement and sand are poured over the entire area of ​​the container, thoroughly mixed with a shovel, then water is poured in and continue to stir until a creamy homogeneous mass is formed - in general, there is nothing complicated here.

For plaster mixes proportions and recipes are different... Let's consider in detail:

1. If you are interested in a mixture for internal work in some dry room, it is customary to mix like this: take one part of cement and 4-5 sand. If you have cheap cement (M200 or M300) at hand, you should maintain a ratio of one to four. If higher grades are used in the work (starting from M400) - one to five. To make grouting more convenient, slaked lime is usually added (no more than half of one part) - with this approach, the surface quality will also be higher;
2. To plaster walls with cement in a room with a high level of humidity (toilet, bathroom, kitchen, bathhouse, basement), it is better to use grades M400, M500, and moisture-proof additives are added to the composition - without this, one can hardly expect a high-quality result in the future;
3. Processing steps, finishing plinths and other places where the level of wear is high, it is better to use cement with magnesite or with polymer additives. These mixtures are best purchased ready-made. But you can also make them with your own hands - if there is such a desire, there should not be any difficulties;
4. In facade work, it is recommended to use the cement grade M500, since these areas are more exposed to destructive influences: precipitation, cold, wind, solar radiation.

These proportions are given taking into account the fact that we are talking about the main layer of plaster. But the sprinkling of the walls and the finishing coating layer is done by means of a solution, which contains an increased cement content - one to one, one to two, one to three.

Since this kind of work requires very little material, they do not have a particular effect on the total consumption.

If the ratio of the components is one to four (cement and sand), then the consumption of cement for plastering the walls will be approximately 4.5-7.5 kilograms for each square meter of your finish. Given that the thickness of the layer will be no more than 2 cm. In this case, the consumption of the solution will be from twenty to twenty-three kg for each meter of area!

Based on all this, it can be calculated that with 1 bag of cement (standard - 50 kg) and 15 buckets of sand, you will process 7-10 meters of surface. Given that the wall does not have serious flaws and the layer thickness will be from 150 to 300 mm.

Installation work

People who are interested in the practical application of all those tips that we considered in this material, we offer step-by-step instructions on how to install cement plaster.

It looks like this here:

• First, we clean the wall of all old coatings. We also remove embroidery frame, stains, dirt. We repair all serious defects and cracks (they are usually present on the surface). The surface must be impregnated with a primer. It is important to choose a deep penetration primer for the job;
• Next, you need to take a metal mesh (it must be galvanized, or have a coating in the form of polymer paint) and stuff it on the wall. To do this, use dowels with wide caps. There should be at least 15 fasteners for each meter of area, the mesh should not sag as a result - that is, there should be a certain tightness.

• Screwed into the upper corners of the wall to be treated with a self-tapping screw, plumb lines are hung on them. A pair of self-tapping screws are also screwed into the lower corners - it will be on them that the place where the plumb line will come into contact with the thread will be marked. Further, in this place you should tie the thread - this is done to the lower screw. Further, in those places where there are fastenings of vertical threads, horizontal ones are tied - it is they who will connect the lower and upper self-tapping screws (that is, in pairs). It is important to make sure that the distance between the horizontal threads and the wall is at least 150-200 mm;
• Lighthouses are placed along horizontal lines, the lighthouses themselves are usually made of metal profiles. They are fixed with alabaster or cement mortar. The distance between the beacons is 150 cm, and the distance between the first beacon to the corner and the last is 300 mm;
• Now you need to prepare the solution, throw it on the wall so that you get a continuous layer. For such work, a conventional trowel or a special bucket is used. If the layer does not reach the lighthouses, you need to wait at least six hours - and sketch out the second layer. They equate him with the rule: they simply lead them from the bottom up along the lighthouses - the main thing is not to do this very quickly. That is, the solution must have time to level out. All excess material is simply removed and thrown into a container with a solution.

• When the base coat has been applied and smoothed, wait approximately six hours. Then you can apply a finishing layer - here a trowel, grater or spatula will help you. The work is done in the same way as with putty - the material is simply rubbed into the main surface. If we talk about increasing the thickness, then everything should be done as little as possible, the main task is for sure to fill in all the cavities, pores and irregularities;
• When 100-150 cm of the surface is covered with finishing, you can start grouting. This work uses a grater. The damp, clean working surface of the tool is simply pressed against the surface to be trimmed. Next, you need to perform zigzag and rotational movements. Thus, you will rub all scratches, pores, defects, pits, and other irregularities. The edges of the grater will cut off the protrusions, due to this you get a really smooth, perfectly flat surface. Of course, not immediately, but after a certain time.

When working with smooth surfaces that have poor adhesion, special notches can be applied to them and then the walls can be sprayed with a special cement hammer (sand and water in one-to-one proportions so that a liquid consistency is obtained).

A broom is simply dipped into the solution, then they should hit on a stick - due to this, splashes will fly onto the wall. This is what we need.

Summing up

As you have already seen, cement plaster is not only an effective, but also a fairly cheap way to level walls. In addition, this is a very good option in order to prepare this or that surface for the subsequent finishing, in which you can use decorative coatings or other cladding.

To carry out the installation of the material, no expensive tools are required. The process itself is extremely simple.

If you have any questions, you can always watch the video: installation of cladding on the wall - many incomprehensible moments will be immediately revealed.

Plastering walls and ceilings is an essential part of the renovation. The surface is prepared and leveled, most often with a cement-sand mortar. It perfectly hides wall defects. Has a reasonable cost.

Technology of plastering walls with cement-sand mortar

Plastering is an integral part of the renovation.

Cement-sand mortar is the most common, in addition, it has thermal insulation and fire resistance.

So, how to properly prepare the solution and what is the application technique?

When plastering walls and ceilings is done

Plastering of walls and ceilings is done to level the surface and protect it. Any finishing material such as paint, wallpaper, parquet or laminate flooring requires a flat wall or ceiling. Otherwise, they will not look, and some will not be installed at all on a curved surface. Therefore, plastering walls and ceilings is an important stage in the renovation.

Feasibility of using a cement-sand mortar

It is advisable to use this mixture in rooms with a high level of humidity, especially for further finishing with tiles or paint. Plaster of this composition is resistant to moisture.

If it is necessary to level out strong surface defects: deflections, blockages and to close up seams, then a cement-sand mortar is perfect. In addition, if you cook it yourself, you can save money.

Technology

You can prepare and apply the composition to the surface yourself, without having specific skills, following the recommendations and general rules.

Stages of work:

1. Initially, prepare the surface: you need to knock down all the protrusions, clean it from the previous coating (paint, whitewash, etc.).
2. Remove dust and before starting to apply the composition, moisten the surface with water using a spray. This is necessary for better grip.

For a wooden surface, made of concrete monolith and facing bricks, a crate or mesh should be installed in front of the plaster in order to improve adhesion.

How to prepare CPR for wall plastering

To prepare the solution you need:

• first sift the sand, clean it from lumps;
• then prepare the cement mortar, following the instructions on the packaging from the manufacturer;
• all components are placed in a container and mixed with a mixer;
• water is gradually added, as a result, a thick composition should be obtained, like sour cream.

The cement in the composition is sometimes replaced with slaked lime, which can be prepared at home:

1. Lime must be poured with warm water.
2. When the reaction ends, strain and leave for a day. After you can use it, the proportions are the same as with cement.

How to plaster correctly

A mesh or lathing is installed on the surface, if necessary. If this is not the case, markings are made on the wall and in places of large defects, beacon guides are installed using dowels or self-tapping screws, they fix the profile along the edges, and in the middle it is installed on the mortar.

The finished surface is sprayed with water and a layer of plaster is applied between the beacons using a spatula or trowel. Edges are processed last. Next, the rule is to align the layer. Its sharp edge is applied to the edges of the profile perpendicularly and is aligned in zigzag movements up and down. The bubbles are filled with gaps with plaster. The procedure is verified if the surplus is again delighted.

If several layers are required, then you need to wait for the previous one to dry, then apply the next one.

When the solution hardens on the surface, process the edges.

Plastering door and window openings is better with an overlap!

When the mortar sets, but not completely, grout is done in order to achieve a perfectly flat surface. The solution is again diluted, but not so thick, and applied with a metal ironing iron, achieving the desired effect.

When can you putty

It is possible to putty the surface, after the plaster has completely dried, not earlier than in a day.

Plastering is one of the important stages in the repair. Follow the recommendations to properly finish the surface.

Useful video

Cement for plastering walls has been used for a long time, and during this time the material has managed to establish itself as a durable and reliable component of the plaster mixture.

Among the advantages of cement:

• low price,
• strength,
• moisture resistance,
• reliability.

We will tell you how to properly plaster the walls with cement and how much cement is needed to plaster the walls.

Cement plaster

Composition and properties

Cement plaster mix is ​​a common compound that is used to level walls..

Cooking is done by hand from three main components: cement, sand and water:

1. Portland cement is used as a binder in the mixture. The brand of cement for plastering walls is selected based on the purpose of the material: for interior work, you can use grades M200 - M400, and for use M500. At the same time, more durable brands are chosen for plastering wet rooms - M400 is quite suitable;
2. Washed quarry sand of the middle fraction is used as a filler. Borrow sand, which can be distinguished by its yellow color, is also suitable. River sand is less suitable for these purposes; it is also undesirable to use a material that contains clay, silt or dust-like impurities;
3. The mixture of sand and cement is closed with water. The water must be clean of debris, dirt, silt and other impurities; ordinary tap, industrial, well or spring water will do.

Important!
Thanks to such a simple composition, the solution forms a strong, durable and reliable coating that can last for decades or even longer if the recipe and application technique have been correctly followed.

Cement-sand plaster mix can be used for facade work, since the material is not afraid of moisture and frost, and is also characterized by high strength and wear resistance. The surface quality is not the highest, however, considering that this technology is used for rough leveling, then we can say that the result is more than acceptable.

To improve the surface quality and adhesion to the base, various additives are added to the classic composition:

• Lime. Increases the surface quality and the rubbing ability of the coating, lightens the weight of the finishing layer, and improves vapor permeability. It is added in a slaked state in the form of a dough or an aqueous solution in a small amount - 0.2 - 0.7 of the volume of cement;
• Gypsum. Reduces the curing time of the mortar and improves the surface quality. and hard-to-reach places where the setting speed of the solution is important;
• Liquid soap. Increases the plasticity of the mortar, as well as its adhesion to the substrate. Allows to apply thicker layers, since the solution flows less and adheres better to the base, you can also note a smoother and smoother surface;
• PVA glue. Increases plasticity, adhesion and strength of the material. The coating turns out to be monolithic and strong, according to its characteristics, it resembles polymer-cement plasters;
• Factory additives and plasticizers. Depending on the composition, they can be used to increase the plasticity, moisture resistance, frost resistance, strength and other characteristics of the solution. Also, among such additives, antiseptics and antifungal drugs can be found, which also improve the quality of the plaster.

Important!
One of the characteristic properties of cement mortars is their shrinkage, which is more pronounced than that of gypsum and lime compositions, so you will not be able to achieve perfectly flat surfaces without application.

Recipe and material consumption

The plastering mixture is prepared by hand. To do this, first mix the sand with cement in the required proportion, then add water to this mixture during the mixing process, gradually achieving a pasty consistency. Cooking methods vary, but a small electric mixer is the most convenient.

You can also stir the solution in a bucket or tray using a drill with a mixing attachment, but this method is unproductive, since the solution consumption is quite large. Finally, you can use the classic method and stir everything in the trough with a shovel.

To do this, sand and cement are poured over the entire area of ​​the vessel and thoroughly mixed with a shovel, then water is added and stirring continues until a homogeneous creamy mass is formed.

Recipes and proportions for plaster mixes are different:

• For interior work in dry rooms, usually mix one part of cement and four to five parts of sand. If the cement is of a low grade (M200 - M300), then the proportion is made 1: 4, for grades M400 and higher - 1: 5. It is recommended to add 0.5 parts of slaked lime for ease of grouting and improving surface quality;
• For work in wet rooms - bathrooms, toilets, kitchens, basements and saunas - it is better to use material of the M400 - M500 brand, to which moisture-proof additives can be added;
• For facade work, it is advisable to use cement of the M500 brand, since this zone is more susceptible to the destructive effects of frost, precipitation, wind and solar radiation;
• For the treatment of plinths, steps and other places with increased wear, it is better to use cement with polymer additives or magnesite. It is better to buy such a mixture ready-made, but if you wish, you can prepare it yourself.

These proportions are given for the main layer of plaster, however, for spraying walls and a covering finishing layer, mortars with a high cement content are used - 1: 3, 1: 2 or 1: 1. Since these works require a small amount of material, they do not have a noticeable effect on the total consumption.

Consumption of cement for plastering walls with a component ratio of 1: 4 (cement / sand) is approximately 5 - 7 kg per 1 square meter of finishing with a layer thickness of 2 cm. Consumption of mortar in this case ranges from 20 - 24 kg per square meter.

Mounting

For those who are interested in the practical application of the knowledge gained, we have compiled step-by-step instructions for the installation of cement plaster:

1. The wall should be completely cleaned of old coatings, stains, dust and dirt, all cracks and large surface flaws should be repaired, and the material should be impregnated with a deep penetration primer;

1. Then we take a galvanized or polymer-painted metal mesh and stuff it onto the wall with dowels with wide heads. One meter of area must have at least 16 fasteners, the mesh must be stretched and not sag;

1. In the upper corners of the wall we screw in with a self-tapping screw and hang plumb lines on them, and in the lower corners we screw in two other self-tapping screws, on which we mark the point of contact with the plumb line, then in this place we tie the thread to the lower screw. Now, at the points of attachment of the vertical threads, we tie the horizontal ones, with which we connect the upper and lower self-tapping screws in pairs. We achieve that the distance from the wall to the horizontal threads is at least 1.5 - 2 cm;

1. Along the horizontal threads, we expose beacons from a metal profile, which we fix with cement mortar or alabaster. The step between the beacons is 1.5 meters, the distance from the first and last beacons to the corner is 30 cm;

1. We prepare the solution and throw it onto the wall in a continuous layer using a special bucket or trowel. If the layer does not reach the lighthouses, then we wait 6 hours and throw in the second layer, which we level with the rule, passing it along the lighthouses from the bottom up not too quickly so that the solution has time to level. We remove the excess material and return it to the general container;

1. After the base coat has been applied and leveled, wait at least 6 hours and apply the finishing coat using a float, trowel or putty knife, like a putty, rubbing the material into the base surface. The increase in thickness should be minimal, our task is to fill in all the irregularities, pores and depressions;

1. When 1 - 1.5 meters of the surface are covered with a finish, we begin to rub it with a float. To do this, we press the clean and damp working surface of the tool to the surface and perform rotational and zigzag movements, rubbing all pores and scratches, irregularities and pits. The protrusions will be cut off with the edges of the float, gradually forming the most even and smooth surface.

Important!
When working with smooth surfaces with poor adhesion, you can make notches on them and spray the walls with cement laitance (1: 1 with sand and water to a liquid consistency).
To do this, dip a broom into the solution and beat it on a stick so that the spray falls on the wall.

Output

Cement plaster is a cheap and effective way to level walls and prepare them for finishing with decorative coatings or cladding. Editing the material does not require expensive tools and is quite simple, as you can see by watching the video in this article.

Cement plaster is a traditional, reliable and inexpensive way of rough wall decoration, which has proven itself over time. The construction market is overflowing with offers of mixtures for plastering, but cement-sand plaster is still relevant for modern renovation, due to its unique physical and mechanical properties and low price.

In the article we will figure it out, from cement, consider several recipes for finishing premises with different operating conditions, find out how to calculate the mixture for 1 m 2, and give a detailed technology for working with this composition.

Types of cement-sand plaster

Despite the abundance of modern proposals for dry mixes, cement-based formulations remain the most in demand to this day. A layer of cement plaster performs aesthetic and sanitary functions, it protects walls from all sorts of damage, excellent thermal insulation and absorbs noise well.

By composition, solutions are divided into:

• cement-sand;
• cement-lime.

See how it is done with cement mortar, video tips will help you do the work yourself.

Cement-sand mortars

Cement-sand compositions are used for external and internal work, they are very durable, they are not afraid of moisture, temperature extremes, they are durable, the only drawback is that the solution sets and dries for a long time. The main element of the composition is cement - this is a binder, the brand of which depends on the area of ​​application of the plaster:

• М150-300 - interior decoration;
• M300 and more - facade work, open balconies, rooms with a difficult microclimate, for example, bathrooms.

Sand is the second important ingredient in the cement mixture, the quality of which determines the reliability and strength of the mortar. It is recommended to use sand of a medium fraction, fine sand grains in the composition can lead to after drying, they are added to apply the last thin layer to obtain a smooth surface. Coarse sand is used only for facade decoration.

In industrial conditions, other components can be added to the finished cement-sand mortar to improve the characteristics of the composition. Additives such as redispersible polymers and copolymers increase the plasticity and strength of the solution, increase the adhesive and hybrid properties, and frost resistance.

For a layer of cement plaster more than 50 mm, a reinforcing mesh is required

Features of the cement-lime composition

Cement-lime plaster, according to the regulations, is used only in rooms with a relative humidity of less than 65%. In addition to cement and sand, it contains slaked lime, which lightens the weight of the solution, gives it additional elasticity, it sets faster, and it is much easier to work with the mixture.

For DIY, lime must be extinguished and kept for about 2 weeks. If you neglect this instruction, then the quality of the plaster will significantly decrease, bubbles will appear during the work, which will lead to a violation of the integrity of the plaster layer. Qualitatively prepared cement mortar with lime paste is vapor-permeable and durable.

Ready mixes from manufacturers include the following components:

• Portland cement;
• slaked lime (hydrated);
• quartz sand;
• water retention additives;
• fiberglass made of polypropylene.

Important: Some cement-lime mortars can be used for, usually the manufacturer indicates such specifics on the package.

When working with a dry composition, you must strictly adhere to the instructions, so, with an excess of water. The composition loses its strength characteristics, performance deteriorates.

Cement plastering tools

Gypsum plaster or cement plaster, which is better?

It is impossible to answer unequivocally which plaster is better or cement, each type of solution is applicable in its own conditions, and often both compositions are used in repairs. In addition, they have common characteristics:

• the mixed solution retains its qualities up to 6 hours;
• frost-resistant;
• solutions can be applied at a temperature delta of +5 to 30 o C;
• putty and you can after 2 weeks;
• after 3 days, the plaster layer withstands the gluing of the tiles;
• it is recommended to store the dry mixture for no more than 1 year, in a tightly closed container, in a dry place.

Deciding which is better, gypsum or cement plaster, should be evaluated by assessing the area of ​​work, the operating conditions of the surfaces, the purpose for which the surface is leveled. So, it is believed that for gluing wallpaper and painting, it is better to choose a gypsum composition, and in rooms with high humidity, for finishing with tiles - cement.

The mortar should be thick and stick to the trowel.

How to prepare a cement mortar for plastering walls

The main components of cement plaster are binder (cement) and aggregate (sand); additionally, the composition may include lime, clay, polymer additives. The proportions of cement and sand for plastering walls depend on the selected brand of binder and the area of ​​application of the solution. We obtain the finished plaster from a dry mixture, pouring it with water, the amount of which largely affects the saturation of the solution, and therefore the quality of the finish. Types of solutions:

• oily - a large percentage of binder, plaster often cracks during formation;
• skinny - a lot of water and aggregate, the plaster layer is weak, it can flake off;
• normal - the ratio of sand and cement for plaster is kept in accordance with the brand of binder and the fraction of sandstone.

The most popular self-made recipe, cement mortar for plastering walls, proportions: 1 part cement: 3 parts sand. But the ratio of substances can vary significantly depending on the brand of cement:

• M-400 - 1: 8;
• M-100 - 1: 2.

PVA added to the plaster solution significantly increases its plasticity, about 100 ml of glue is added to 10 liters of the finished mixture.

Cement-lime plaster contains lime paste. You can cook it with your own hands, observing safety precautions. The procedure should take place in a metal container, in the air, since the quenching reaction releases a huge amount of heat. 1 kg of lime will require 2 liters of water. After the mixture has cooled, we filter it through a fine sieve, close the container and keep it for about 2 weeks. Next, mix the solution, if required, add water.

Proportions of cement-lime mortar for plaster, in parts:

We offer you a video on how to properly perform cement plaster on aerated concrete.

How to make cement mortar for plaster

The cement-sand mixture for plaster is diluted in a large metal or plastic container, the amount of mortar should be enough for 3-5 hours of work. The dry components are measured in the required proportions, mixed thoroughly and water is added. The mixture should be thick, homogeneous, without lumps, stick to the trowel, for better quality, mix the composition with a construction mixer or a special attachment for a drill.

Consumption of cement plaster

We calculate the thickness of the plaster layer:

• from the old finish, remove the weak layer, if necessary, knock down strong irregularities;
• we identify the most convex place, we fix the wall, we put stamps on the ceiling;
• in 3-5 places, put a ruler perpendicular to the surface, measure deviations from the plane, add up, calculate the average;

Wall 8 m2, deviation measurements: (3 + 6 + 1 + 4 + 1): 5 = 3 cm average. If it is planned, it is important to take into account the thickness of the guides, from 3-10 mm, depending on the model, we will take 3 mm, we get a plaster layer: 3 + 0.3 = 3.3 cm.

Different types of cement and gypsum mixtures have different consumption per 1 m 2, usually the data is indicated on the package. So, the average indicator is 8.5 kg of dry composition per 1 m 2, a layer of 10 mm.

Calculations: 8.5 * 3.3 (the thickness of our layer) = 28 kg of the mixture will be required in our case per 1 m2, which means that we must plaster our wall with 8 m2: 28 * 8 = 224 kg. In a bag, on average, 30 kg - 224: 30 = 7.5 m. This is a fairly large amount, significant financial investments will be required. Homemade cement plaster will cost 2-3 times cheaper, its standard consumption is regulated by SNiP, and is indicated in the tables for different surfaces and methods of application. For example, for a porous base made of foam concrete, aerated concrete, the consumption will be greater than for plastering monolithic concrete structures.

Consumption table of cement mixture for plastering surfaces of various types, per 100 m2

Plastering walls with cement mortar with your own hands - video and detailed instructions

Surfaces should be primed before starting work to increase the adhesion characteristics of the finish. Wall plastering can be done either manually and includes several stages:

• Spray, layer thickness: on concrete - 5 mm, brick - 7 mm, wood - 1 mm. We wet the wall. We collect a solution of medium consistency in a bucket or pultilizer, throw it on the surface, level it with a rule or a trowel. If further a layer of more than 50 mm is required,.

Plastering the walls with cement mortar with your own hands, the video contains detailed tips on how to spray.

• The soil is a thick solution, we collect it with a plaster falcon, we apply it on the surface with a trowel. We wait 30 minutes, align with a long rule, add solution to the pits, remove convex places and correct again.
• Covering is done with a liquid plaster mixture, layer thickness up to 4 mm. We moisten the previous layer, throw on the solution and carefully smooth it out in a circle.

The materials of the video below will tell the secrets of how the walls are plastered with cement mortar, the video instruction will help you figure out how to work with the tool.

Plastering walls with cement mortar on lighthouses

: metal, plastic, wire, mortar or drywall. The distance between the guides is 150-300 mm less than the length of the rule. To increase the adhesion of the plaster to the surface, apply a primer.

Advice: It is better to pass a section of 2 m 2 at a time; on average, a bucket of mortar goes to such an area.

With a trowel, from bottom to top, we throw the solution, a little more than the required layer, there should be no gaps. As a rule, carefully lead up and swing a little from side to side, the second pass the tool is carried out smoothly. We apply a level, there should be no gaps between it and the surface. If necessary, add cement mortar again and repeat the procedure.

For details, see the video on how to plaster walls with cement mortar on lighthouses, a video lesson will help you understand all the nuances of the work.