The book is devoted to the historical events of formation and combat activities of the 7 operational squadron from the beginning of its education until the last days of service in the Navy. It provides the statistics of all stages of combat activities of the squadron, described the creation, construction and development of the newest ships and meets the memories of officers and admirals about the bright service events on the squadron ships.
about the author
Belov Gennady Petrovich, born in Leningrad on May 11, 1937. I saw in childhood hunger, cold, horrors and fear of war and human participation. He graduated from school - former Alexadrinskaya gymnasium in 1954. In 1959 he graduated from the Higher Naval Radiotechnical School with a diploma - engineer of radio equipment of the fleet and, at his own desire, received an appointment on the Northern Fleet. On the fleet served as the head of the radio broadcasting service for 13 years from 1959 to 1972 on the destroyers "Resposable", "persistent", "modest", "fiery" and large anti-sidelum ship "Sevstopol" under the beginning of 9 ship commanders, 10 Combrigs and 3 commanders 7 squadron. Passed six combat services. From 1973 to 1977 he served in the 5th Department of the Northern Fleet headquarters as the head of the group of combat training of surface ships. In 1977 he graduated from the service on the Northern Fleet and moved to serve in the 14th Institute of Radio Electronics of the Navy to the post of senior researcher. Working at the Institute as the head of the Laboratory of the post, led the accompaniment of the design of surface ships in terms of radioletron weapons in all design bureaus of the USSR. These were projects of ships of recent years - 1155, 956, 1164, 1144.2, 1144.3, 1143.4, 1143.4, 1143.5. Personally, he was accompanied by the design of the Aviance ships Trac "Baku", "Admiral Kuznetsov" and participated in the state tests of the BPK "Delet" and Tactics "Baku". He graduated from the 14th Institute of the Navy as Deputy Head of the Department in 1988 and resigned to the reserve in the rank of captain of the first rank. Literary activity began in 1997 to start working on the book "Behind the Fleet Silesians". It describes events, conflicts arising between him and the command of the ship, and between his team and most importantly - people have been published in S. Petherburg in 2004. The second completed publishing of the book was published in 2006. The book is written only by memory and has a volume of 422 pages. In his opinion, this is the most successful book. The third book "Honor and Debt", published in 2009, too, in S. Petherburg, tells about two outstanding admirals of the modern fleet by Vice-Admiral E.I. Volobyev and counter-admiral E.A.Skvortsov, with whom the author connected a long service on Northern Fleet. In December 2012, his fourth book was published in the historical and literary genre about 7 Operational SF SCD "Atlantic Squada". It gives a retrospective of combat activities of the squadron, combat services and its combat merit.
Honored attention is paid to the development of the Avianeishing ships "Kiev", "Admiral Ushakov", "Admiral Kuznetsov" and the atomic cruisers of "Kirov", "Nakhimov" and "Peter Great" as well as the combat activities of the Squadron ships in the combat service in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. The books are not forgotten by the commanders of ships, brigades, divisions and squadrons, unrestrained their strength and energy of the Northern Fleet. This book summed up the first result of the literary and historical narratives about 170 brigade and the 7 operational squadron, with which it was associated with 10 years of service. His efforts on the literary field were appreciated by the Union of Writers of Russia, where he was adopted in May 2010. In the same year, he becomes the winner of the Golden Penni Pen Competition - awarded the Diploma named after A.Varkovsky from the Union of Writers of Batalists and Marinists and the Military Studio Studio of the Writers of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation for the book "Behind the Kulisami Fleet". They created a website 7 of the operational squadron - Atlantika.ucoz.ru, visiting who wishes can find information about him and his work. Currently, he works on the fifth book about the sailors, foremen, midshipmen and officers who created glory 7 squadrons on the decks of ships.
From the author
I express my sincere appreciation to everyone who helped me in creating this book. First of all, I thank Victor Romanovich Kartseva, without the help of which this book would not be published. He believed me and took sincere participation in my creative plans and searches. The person is talented, honest and purposeful, straight and uncompromising, who retired two ships and not bent under pressure of unfavorable service and life circumstances. His views on the service at the squadron and confessional materials about the heavy commanders on the EM "Moskovsky Komsomolets" helped me deeper to understand the person, psychology and the inner essence of the ship commander, his measure of responsibility in the sea and largely influenced my assessment of many of the events described. Just thanks to him, the book became a reality - he became a generous sponsor in her edition.
In the center of my communication with a huge number of admirals and officers, the escorders were I. N. Khmelnov and A. A. Kibkalo, who helped me in this communication, who found admirals and officers who supported me and encouraged me in difficult work on the collection of materials for the book and did not allow me retreat from starting. I express my sincere thanks to Igor Nikolayevich for huge support in the difficult work on the collection of materials about the squadron and his willingness to come to help, despite the circumstances.
With A. A. Kibkalo, the former commander of the BOD "Zhugoye", we are associated with a fleeting acquaintance during the service at the squadron, two meetings in Moscow and the biennial correspondence on the Internet. But despite this, he was a link in my contacts with very many people and responded to each call and a message. This is him I splashed all the negative moments associated with the refusal of people in such a need right to me. He understood me and supported in the difficult moments of doubt in further work on the book. Perhaps, it was thanks to him that I rested from the desire to quit this work. "Gennady, write, no matter what! Besides this book, no one will write, "he repeated these words more than once in his letters. Thank you, Alexander Alexandrovich, for support and help.
I am grateful to Nicholas Naumovich Melnik, the former deputy commander of 170 brigades for politicia, with whom I was never familiar during the service at the squadron. For the partition about party-political work, it has prepared material on 28 pages written by small calligraphic handwriting, for which he needed more than 14 hours of work only for the presentation of the text. Dear Nikolai Naumovich, Low Bow and sincere thanks.
Sincere thanks to Vladimir Nikolaevich Povykov, the second commander of the brand "Kiev", who was kindly responding to my request and sent a large handwritten work of his memories.
Completely unexpected for me was a warm and good response to my numerous requests for moderators of vehicles sites PF.1134, 1134a and Cruiser "Murmansk" A. V. Kavun and A. M. Vlasova. A. V. Kavun always responded to any kind of information on the search for information on the principle: "I will not attend hot, but in order to be done by the morning," finding and sending the requested information, and consulted on many issues. Thank you, dear friends.
Evgeny Antonovich Krascanian, the former deputy HDD "Admiral Yumashev" and my colleague on the BOD "Sevastopol" was provided to me in the process of writing the book. Thanks to his help, I found so many of those who helped collect materials for the book. He helped in solving many practical affairs during my trips to Moscow on creative affairs related to the book, and I found a shelter in his house. He together with N. N. Melnik helped me write a difficult section about party-political work.
For my request for assistance sincerely and with understanding, former Squadres of Yu. G. Ustimenko, V. G. Dobrobokohenko, G. Ya was responded to help, Chief of Staff 7 Opack I.n Khmelnov. They generously shared the memories of events from the fighting of the squadron, corrected me and gave the necessary advice. The former commander of the South J. Ustimenko, V. P. Eremin, V. F. Bessonov was provided with readiness.
I sincerely believed E.A. Murashov, Ya. Khokhlov, A. I. Tolstik and A. B. Averin, who responded to numerous requests and shared everything that remained in memory of the service at the squadron. None of them referred to employment and everyday problems, and they all responded and reacted into my letters and appeals immediately. I want to separately thank Andrei Borisovich Averin, generously shackled information about the combat activities of the squadron. Thank you, dear friends.
In the process of writing a book, there was a need to analyze complex domestic events on the squadron and a fleet. My second conscience and good advocates in this were uncommon and talented people - the former head of the headquarters of the head of the SF and the head of the headquarters of the 5th squadron of V. V. Platonov, and deputs the EM "modern" Yu. And cleaning, giving wise advice and correcting me. Communication with them was for me to study and, sometimes, insight.
I thank my colleague on 170 brigade, 7 squadron and 5 management of the headquarters of the SF and a good friend V. L. Gavrilova. My honest and strict criticism of everything I wrote, and for many years I put my shoulder and stretching my help hand to me.
I express my appreciation and sincere thanks to A. I. Frolov, V. S. Yarygin, S. V. Kostin, S. V. Lebedev, G. A. Bronnikov, A. V. Belyaev, B. P. Ponomarev, M. A . Partial, V. A. Gokineev, O. Yu. Guryanov, V. L. Belkin, B. G. Schmukler, I. V. Kutsu, Yu. S. Savchenko, V. F. Lyakin, A. V. Platonova , G. I. Vlasov, A. I. Tolstik, A. N. Skok, who provided his memories and giving me countless consultations on various issues of the escord. I also thank my old colleagues and good naval friends S. Ya. Kurgan, V. I. Galenko, Yu. E. Alexandrova, V. L. Nabokova, N. M. Moiseeva for good participation and permanent support.
I want to thank the families of our comrades who have left lives who responded and sent photos of their husbands and fathers - A. I. Skvortsova, V. I. Tuba, E. A. Skvortsova, B. A. Kolmagorova, V. G. Barannik, Yu. G. Ilyina, A. K. Zhahalova, R. A. Sausheva, P. G. Puntus.
My words of gratitude to those who have responded to my letters and requests, providing special assistance and not ignoring none of my requests. This is V. V. Masorin, I. M. Captane, P. M. Uvarov, P. G. Svyatovov, V. I. Rogatin, V. P. Zatula, A. A. Penkin, E. A. Martynovich, and . V. Semin, M. R. Cookytoles, B. I. Kazakov, V. P. Larin, V. G. Ruleleko, V. V. Shchedrolosov, M. A. Balashov, A. N. Barodavkin, B. with . Kondratyev, P. A. Glagol, I. S. Godgildiev, V. A. Grishonkov, V. P. Rudzik, G. A. Revin, D. S. Oharkov, S. F. Ivanov, N. S. Koryagin , M. N. Kobets, V. A. Kotuh, N. A. Melah, G. Ya. Sivukhin, V. T. Milovanov, V. A. Nechipurenko, Yu. D. Oruzhev, V. V. Pyatsev, and P. Romanceko, A. A. Svetlov, A. F. Azarov, B. P. Black, S. V. Shevchenko, V. S. Schifrin, N. A. Skok, F. P. Tereshchenko, S. and . Zyura, V. I. Voytsekhovsky, N. A. Marchukov, V. I. Hoshakov, A. V. National, S. A. Malyshev, B. A. Himinov.
Thanks to all commanders of ships 7 operational squadrons who sent their photos and made their contribution to creating a book. This is: V. A. Zwada, E. M. Komomentev, V. D. Veliagin, V. A. Nechipurenko, V. G. Milovanov, V. V. Pereyudov, E. V. Sedletsky, B. D. Sannikov, K. S. Vinogradov, N. S. Zhorov, P. D. Kostromitsky, B. N. Nashutinsky, A. V. Bazhanov, S. V. Leonenkov, V. K. Chirov, Yu. N. Shannov, P. Gray.
In addition, I express my appreciation to users of sites about the Navy and all colleagues of the ships of PR.1134 and 1134a, who responded to requests for help with the materials on the squadron and sent short memories and photos. This is Alexander Fedorov, Arthur Kuriekhov, Vladimir Karllyyshev, Nikolai Kolesnichenko, Dmitry Serous, Andrei Sotnik, Sergey Fedorov, Victor Lapikov, Alexey Koltsov, Alexey Salnikov, Sergey Romashov, Pavel Razornov, Viktor Grishin, Mikhail Efimov, Vladimir Tishkin, Alexander Dubrovsky, Vyacheslav Khlyns, Vyacheslav Fedorovsky, Yuri Rubtsov, Yuri Schilov, Vladimir Titarenko, Evgeny Bruin, Vladimir Kiselev, Sergey Warychklko, Alexander Lagno, Herman Maksimov, Vitaly Khigay, Bator Zybendorzhiev, Valery Karashuk, Sergey Belov, Evgeny Kesik, Andrei Ushakov, Roman Mozdayov, Sergey Tevyashev, Georgy Konkov, Sergey Rubachev, Vadim Pieters, Victor Tretyakov, Vladimir Kurilov, Nikolay Lomanov, Roman Baldine, Sergey Warychklko, Alexander Lagno, Alexander Rahev, Ilya Jaksumbaev, Mikhail Goncharov, Igor Savelchev.
I can not get around the attention and those who are flat or under various pretexts did not want to cooperate and enter into contact with me on the materials about 7 squadron. Thanks to all of you that you forced me with even more perseverance to engage in the search for new people, sources and stimulated me in difficult work.
I want to express my wife's appreciation to Eugene, that she precipitated my three-year non-participation in family and social life, realizing the importance of the case I gave myself.
His addresses:
Introduction
First of all, we congratulate all the veterans of the 7 Operational Squader of the Northern Fleet with the exit to the light of the book about its combat activities. This is the first book in which a serious attempt is made to describe all aspects of the SCADER service and show the busy work of command, ship commanders and their crews to improve its combat power. The book of 7 Operational SCADD SF is devoted to the description of historical events of its formation and combat activities from the beginning of education and until the last days of service of the naval fleet. It fully presents the statistics of all stages of combat activities of the squadron, described the creation, construction and development of ships of the newest projects. The above memories of officers and admirals about the service events on the squadron ships are written brightly and truthfully. The described episodes of events during combat service make it possible to understand all readers to understand that at the advanced borders of the protection of the interests of our Motherland were the devotees of the admiral service, officers, Michmans and ordinary sailors. All of them showed courage in the most difficult situations in the ocean swimming and successfully performed the tasks even in difficult conditions of the inappropriate Atlantic. In addition, the author attempts to analyze complex processes in the service situation at the squadron and writes about the difficult fate of ship commanders. Unfortunately, the complex historical process crossed out the squadron from the Navy, but the rich experience of the Squadger's experience in defending the geopolitical interests of our Motherland gives hope that it will be in demand by the new generation of seafarers, and this is the value of this book. It is this gap in the recent history of the Navy, when people are not only far from the naval service, but even the current generation of sailors weakly imagine what "combat service" is, for what the goal and in which areas of the world's ocean it is performed, it fills the written book. We should not lose hope that in the shortest historical terms will occur the regeneration of the fleet of the fleet of Russia and for the third time the new Atlantic escade will be released on the ocean. I express my sincere respect to all veterans of the fighting service squadron and navy.
Head of the Main Staff of the Navy -
first deputy commander-in-chief
Navy Fleet of the Russian Federation
(1996-1998)
admiral I. N. Khmelnov
Preface
I dedicate this book to my wife Evgenia and daughter Irina, persistently and badly endowed the difficulties of the difficult years of my ship service
Dear readers and colleagues of 7 OPESC and naval fleet. It is difficult for me to say how each of you will react to this preface, but many experienced moments at the time of writing this book made me to write me exactly. First of all, I want to say that I have been living in America for 18 years. So it was not easy for my life in heavy perestroika times. BUT! I am still a citizen of Russia and still love her to tears. This is my homeland and no other and will not. This book, like the previous, "honor and debt," was given to me very hard, not so much in the sense of writing work related to the search for materials in open printing and technical work, how much because I met a fierce rejection from very Many people to whom I addressed help with materials. I will start with the fact that my appeal to the main headquarters of the Navy about admission to the naval archive remains unanswered. From some who addressed help, without hiding their place of residence, I received a polite refusal due to employment, from some - promises that continued from one year to two years, and some of the officers flatly refused to contact me. A number of people who knew me before, betrayed me anathema because of the place of my stay. A number of people refer to the secrecy of the materials they can reveal, a number of people frankly said that they were afraid to light up before the security authorities due to contacts with me - a citizen of Russia. From one colleague, in the past, held a high post on the squadron and in the Navy leadership, I received an answer: "I am not interested in this topic." Many were politely separated from me, as from annoying flies, when I sent them written material for the review. They politely wrote that they read it, not allowing the word commentary and returning material in primeval form. And finally, there was a case that simply shook me. The FSB received a signal that state secrets can be disclosed in the book. I had a meeting with the staff of this service. They were convinced of the sincerity of my intentions, and this meeting was not over for me. The name of the person who gave this signal, I know, but I can not understand the motives for which he did it. Lord all of them the judge. BUT! Fortunately, there were a lot of people who sincerely supported me, helped, shared information and memories, and I express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to them.
The book was given to me hard and because I wrote her in America and came four times to Petersburg and Moscow for meeting with admirals and officers to tell me about myself and arrange them not so much to yourself as to the idea of \u200b\u200bwriting a book about the squadron. I had more than fifty such meetings. During work on the book, I sent about 2,000 pages of letters and appeals to my respondents, had a close correspondence with more than 160 of them and made more than 1,500 phone calls from America to Russia related to the search for materials. For me, writing work itself is not heavy in terms of presenting his thoughts on paper. But the search for the material, its analysis, thorough work on the text sent by others is a tedious and long-term process requiring great patience. I thank the Lord, that I had enough for my completion of the book. Dear colleagues, I again repeat the words of gratitude to all of your sincere help and support in work on the book. The book provides statistics on various aspects of the escade activities for the first January 2011, and they can be varied with current. Unfortunately, due to lack of actual material, the book does not fully reflect the combat and daily activities of the squadron, and many points described Skupo. Some events in the book could be missed due to lack of information, and, of course, may be inaccuracies. Part of the materials can cause disagreement and tough criticism, but they are all taken from official sources. Taking out these "uncomfortable" materials in the book, I was guided by my civil position - that even on the shameful facts of your biography, we must learn to not repeat them again. I tried to highlight all aspects of the activities of the squadron, and as far as I managed to do, judge you, dear readers.
I am happy that, by finishing this book and takes it to the court of readers, was able to fulfill my duty to the squadron and navy, making my little contribution to the description of their history. Thanks to the Lord that he gave me strength and patience, but I decided that this is my last book about the Navy. I hope on the responses of all who read the book, and I will gladly accept criticism, all the wishes and additions and reprinted it in the form that readers will advise. Thanks again to everyone who helped me, and keep you the Lord. Waiting for your critical reviews. Sincerely respect for future readers,
Page 2 of 2
Our heroes
6 submariners - pupils of the connection became the heroes of the Soviet Union
In April 1976, for courage and heroism during the Transochanal Transition of PL with SF on Tof:
1. Commander Connection Contrast Admiral Korobov V. K.
2. Senior Polystrol Counter-Admiral Parodiy Yu. I.
3. Commander PL captain 1 rank Lomom E. D.
4. Commander of the BCH 5 PL captain 3 rank Taptunov Yu. I.
In October 1981, for courage and heroism, when performing a special task of the government:
5. Commander Connection Captain 1 rank Baltin E. D.
6. Commander PL captain 1 rank Cover L R.
In 1974, Council Admiral Frolov V. P. was elected a deputy of the Supreme Council of the country.
3 ships awarded pennant Minister of Defense "For Courage and Military Valor"
in 1981 (commander - Captain 1 rank Cover L. R.)
in 1982 (commander - Captain 1 rank Zhuravlev V. A.)
6 times PL won the prize of the Navy GK for Rocket Shooting:
in 1975 (commander - Captain 1 rank Sergeev V. M.)
in 1976 (commander - captain 1 rank Tolokonnikov M. V.)
in 1980 (commander - captain 1 rank Popov B. A.)
in 1981 (commander - Captain 1 rank Cover L. R.)
in 1983 (commander - Captain 1 rank Popov B. A.)
in 1987 (commander - Captain 1 rank Efimov V.N.)
Submarine awards:
1975 - (commander - Council Admiral Frolov V. P.) - awarded the passing banner of the military council of the SF, is listed in the book of Honor SF;
1976 - (commander - counter-admiral Frolov V. P.) - awarded the transitangency of the Murmansk Regional Executive Committee;
1976 - 2 ships (Commanders captain 1 rank Cold B. B and Captain 1 rank Olkhovikov A.V.) - Awarded the pennant of the military council of the SF;
1979 - (commander - Captain 1 rank Kozinsky A.V.) - awarded the passing banner of the military council of the SF;
1982 - (commander - Captain 1 rank Zhuravlev V.A.) - awarded a passing banner of the military council of the SF;
1983 - the connection was announced "excellent";
For 20 year connections:
more than 150 submariners were awarded orders and more than 270 - medals;
The connection served:
council Admiral Baltic Eduard Dmitrievich - now Admiral, commander of the Black Sea Fleet;
Counter-Admiral Korobov Vadim Konstantinovich - Subsequently Chief of Staff of the Northern Fleet, now admiral;
Alexander Mikhailovich Alexander Mikhailovich's counter-admiral - subsequently Vice Admiral, Commander of the Association, Head of State Administration of the Navy;
Council Admiral Belov Yuri Pavlovich - now Vice Admiral, commander of the Tallinn VBM;
Captain 1 rank Popov Boris Aleksandrovich - now counter-admiral, head of the department of personnel SF;
Captain 1 rank Steblyanko Anatoly Grigorievich - Subsequently, the counter-admiral, the head of the political waste and Prommus Lenvmm;
Captain 2 rank Zakhar residents Viktor Ivanovich - subsequently counter-admiral, deputy chief of the Navy politico;
Captain 1 rank Agapitov Vladimir Vasilyevich - now counter-admiral, deputy commander - Head of the Civil Defense of the Federation Council;
Captain 1 rank of Tatarenko Grigory Aleksandrovich - now the counter-admiral, First Deputy Head of the SF headquarters;
Captain 2 rank of Yurasov Nikolai Nikitich - now KokaLAMIRAL, Head of Nuclear Security Inspectorate under the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation;
Council Admiral Chirkov Valery Vasilyevich - now the commander commander;
Council Admiral Sokolov Nikolai Borisovich - now beginning union headquarters;
Captain 3 rank Shtefanov Dmitry Borisovich - now counter-admiral, chief navigator of the Northern Fleet;
Captain 1 rank Shilin Yuri Konstantinovich - now the counter-admiral, head of Bvmure. Popova;
Captain 1 rank Sharov Alexander Alekseevich - Subsequently, the counter-admiral, head of the training center in Paldiski;
Captain 1 rank Olkhovikov Alexander Vasilyevich - Subsequently, the counter-admiral, head of the training center in Paldiski.
Our fronts
For high performance in combat training, personal prosecution in the service and in connection with the 20th anniversary of the United States:
Gratitude announced:
1. Senior Michman Demyanenko I. A.
2. Senior Michman Lephov N. S.
3. Captain Lieutenant Sergienko A. N.
4. Senior Lieutenant Soussedko I. N.
5. Captain-Lieutenant Podmarkov E. N.
6. Senior Lieutenant Luza G. V.
7. Michmanch Shupletsov S. B.
8. Senior Lieutenant Yumanov Yu. P.
9. Michmanin Grafov S. N.
10. Senior Lieutenant Konyukhov A. V.
11. Michman Golpotnik V. P.
12. Michman Yushchenko S. P.
13. Michmana Petrov S. A.
14. Older 1 Articles Savenkov D. N.
15. Senior Matrosault Mukhutdinov V. R.
16. Sailor Lakhno V.N.
17. Senior Michman Karetnikova E. L.
18. Senior Michmana Kalinich V. F.
19. Senior Michman Mordanova F. V.
Awarded with diplomas:
1. Captain 3 rank Sidashenko O. G.
2. Senior Michman Belonyankin D. Yu.
3. Captain-Lieutenant Gushchin V. V.
4. Captain 3 rank Denisov V. A.
5. Captain 3 rank Petrov A. A.
6. Senior Michman Korobeev M. A
7. Michman Zverev A. G.
8. Senior Michman Lyko V. Ya.
9. Captain 3 rank Chebanyuk A. A.
10. Captain 3 rank Buzenkov P. V.
11. Captain-Lieutenant Rudakov V. A.
12. Senior Michman Anisimov G.V.
13. Senior Michman Sterhov Yu. G.
14. Senior Michman Adakhovsky S. V.
15 Senior Michman Maslak I. S.
16. Senior Michman Coast A. S.
17. Michman Sayapin Yu. I.
18. Captain 2 rank Petrikovich M. V.
19. Captain 3 rank Kutsenko S. V.
20. Starin 2 Articles Svetlichenko A. I.
"First previous one 2 Next Last "
1963, on the bridge EM "modest", Atlantic, a wrapal officer of the ship
« I am Belov Gennady Petrovich, born in the city of Leningrad on May 11, 1937 and saw famous hunger, cold, horrors and fear of war and human participation…»
For me, these lines of autobiography writer are key. Here - the source of the courage and the faithful ministry of this person, special care and delicacy, which he manifests themselves to his seizure heroes, to those who divided the years with him on the fleet, regardless of the ranks and ranks. His aggravated sense of justice is from blockade military childhood. Therefore, with such persistence, he seeks to perpetuate the memory of those who devoted to life and fate to the protection of their country, and deal with the reasons for tragic events on a fleet who exposed global destructive processes in society.
1966, on the bridge Em "" Fire, White Sea, a Watch Officer of the Ship
Gennady Belov - the captain of the first rank retired, a member of the joint venture of Russia, for more than thirty years he served on the fleet, eighteen of which are undivided with the Northern Flota. A man performed by love for Russia, he and the "civilian" devotes his life to the work of the whole life - to the ministry of Fatherland.
Today, after more than twenty years since the collapse of the Great Country, against the background of monstrous events in Ukraine and an unprecedented company, Russia from Europe and the United States, books about the only allies of Russia, according to the expression of Emperor Alexander III, - its army and fleet - acquire Of particular importance, relevance and value.
On the literary account, Gennady Belov, several of the most qualified volumes of books. Debut - "behind the scenes of the fleet" - was entirely dedicated to the fleet service in the 60s and 70s. Her manuscript of Belov edited about forty times, its first part was published in St. Petersburg in 2004, and the second, augmented edition, was published in 2006. The narrative vividly recreates the special spirit of the routine and peaceful life - to be the sea Soviet officer. This book is a kind of part of the chronicles of the history of the Northern Fleet 1959 to 1977. Bright representatives of the command staff - Vice-Admiral E. I. Volobuev and Council Admiral E. A. Skvortsov - Heroes of his honor "Honor and Debt", published in St. Petersburg in 2009. The characters of the outstanding military leaders, with whom the author connected a long service on the Northern Fleet, and with E. I. Volobuev - also swimming on two combat services was written by concisely and accurately. The idleness of the narrative makes the book with an unusually concentrated, strict, tank. You read and unwittingly envy: Belov is lucky in life at meetings with real people! He understands the importance of the outstanding individuality of everyone, sincerely admires its commanders, admiring their courage and professionalism, demanding - primarily to himself.
November 1969, Chief of RTS on the BOD "Sevastopol"
A "Extreme Lexicon Fleet" is a brilliant chapter that deserves a separate mention. We do not suspect that many "iconic" winged expressions of recent years are borrowed by our contemporaries from the monologues of the outstanding chiefs of the Soviet fleet. The chapter contains the statements of commanders of the seventh operational squadron on staff operations, meetings and disclaimers recorded by the headquarters officers and personally Gennady Petrovich. The hike specific humor, coolly mixed on the details of the fleet of the Fleet, in the lips of the commander who has an incomplete mind and erudition, is a special "weapon" and, of course, a separate branch of oral folk creativity. Many of these expressions praised by the Internet can be said to have become a popular doctrine.
I want to pay special attention to documentaries: the book is equipped with a large number of unique shots. Did you notice how the faces are distinguished in old photographs from now living? Smart. Bold. Clear. And always - extraordinary!
1968, Yalta, Massandra, with Evgeny Evstigneev after filming "Strange People" Vasily Shukshina
However, the most significant in the work of G. P. Belov is the historical and literary work - the 600-page "Atlantic escords".
"The book about the seventh operational SC is devoted to the description of the historical events of its formation and combat activities from the beginning of education and until the last days of service of the military-sea fleet. It fully presents the statistics of all stages of combat activities of the squadron, described the creation, construction and development of ships of the newest projects. The described episodes of events during combat service make it possible to understand all readers to understand that at the advanced borders of the protection of the interests of our Motherland were the devotees of the admiral service, officers, Michmans and ordinary sailors. All of them showed courage in the most difficult situations in the ocean swimming and successfully performed the tasks even in difficult conditions of the inappropriate Atlantic. In addition, the author attempts to analyze complex processes in the service situation at the squadron and writes about the difficult fate of ship commanders. Unfortunately, the complex historical process crossed out the squadron from the Navy, but the rich experience of the Squadron defended by the geopolitical interests of our Motherland gives hope that he will be in demand by the new generation of sailors, and this is the value of this book, " He writes in the preface to her head of the main headquarters of the Navy, First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of the Russian Federation (1996-1998) Admiral I. N. Khmelnov.
I am sure that not only the "new generations of sailors" may be interested in the "Atlantic SCADE", but also to any reader, who has a passionate history of Russia, its military glory and the eternal "marine" subject.
1966, EM "Fire", behind the tactical tablet
Only an impartial document painlessly admits excessiveness. In the artistic work, the abundance of the "indicative" heroic causes a grin. Documentary material also says for himself. You can internally resist, we do not agree with something - but these people were such. They sacrificed for the sake of the well-being of their homeland. No orders were discussed. Experienced colossal loads. They took responsibility not just for the strict execution of the order, for the life of the ship, but often - and for the fate of the world. Can we realize the measure of this responsibility? Gennady Belov knows about it not at the time - the author had to go through the service in 170 brigade and the seventh squadron six combat services!
Events in Panama, the limit voltage of our military sailors during conflicts of 1967, 1973 and 1986, the War in the Persian Gulf, the salvation of civilians in the front-line areas of Africa - the crews of the Squadral ships defended the geopolitical interests of the USSR, brilliantly fulfilling the most difficult combat missions on the exercises, restraining everything The activity of the US naval forces and NATO in confrontation on the expanses of the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. After all, this is our most popular, just stuffed by the Oskomina, the post-war slogan was "the world - the world!", And in the West and did not intend to "peacefully coexist."
1959, cadet 5 course of the Higher Naval Radio Technical School (Jamp)
The book "Atlantic Scadre" Gennady Belov, of course, colossal, memoir and scientific work, invaluable and timely. Even the "content" is compiled according to the dissertation: chapters and subpowers, a dictionary of terms, a list of literature used - more than 120 sources. Rare photos, a complete list of Squadran ships with all output data. An extensive scrupulous study, in the work on which Belov managed to use a large number of people, and each of them Belov, by the way, did not forget to make gratitude in circulation "from the author."
In fact, this book Belova is a monument. Stamp from the granite of words and meanings. Stern, heavy, deprived of the delights, "decorations", all of the sharp corners - but the real, for the century!
Of course, hard to read into pages dedicated to the negative episodes on the fleet, entailed human sacrifices - accidents, fires and floodings, often provoked by elementary duty, the incompetence of individual representatives of the team, abuse of power, or the stubbornness of the command. Sometimes it seems that these numerous facts outweigh the pages performed deep respect for the initial labor and the feat of Soviet seamen, telling about courage and dedication, excellent combat tasks. However, before us - facts. From truth not to hide. It's time to see her eyes, to evaluate the past impartially, and in the future, the present is the best, try to avoid the fatal repetitive mistakes. After all, the processes that led to the destruction of the squadron, in the same way led to the disappearance from the political map of the world of the huge power! Today it is time to "collect stones". The time of the conjunctural deposition, the denial of the achievements of the past, finally passed. In the light of the last fierce events, when the "world community" cutello condemns Russia for the sins imperfect with her, - the Great People, Waned in a Grave Complex, the Great People, which is destroyed by different kind "reformers" and the enemies of the entire twentieth century, consisting of those , "Colorands", "Sovkov" - rises from the knees!
1959, graduate school
"Kiev" - how it hurts this word today. But from this glorious name, the new era on the fleet began. On July 21, 1970, at the zero stapel of the Black Sea Shipbuilding Plant No. 198 in the city of Nikolaev, the first Soviet aircraft carrier was laid, called "Kiev". Symbolically developed the fate of this ship. Built Kiev's whole country. It was attended by 169 ministries and departments, over three and a half thousand major enterprises. To see such a ship and visit each room at least one minute, it was necessary to spend more than two and a half days of pure time. He became a breakthrough in the domestic shipbuilding in many directions, but the main thing - the fleet first received an aviance ship with deck airplanes on board. Successful "Kiev" was on December 26, 1972, and on August 28, 1994, the aviance speaker was sold to a private firm in China and 20. 05. 2000. He was touched by the "Dae" towing to Shanghai, where he was re-equipped for floating tourist entertainment center ...
By the beginning of the new millennium, the efforts of perestroika destroyers, Russia passed its combat fleet. Most ships, without listening and half of the operational period, were given for scrapbooks on scrap metal to China, Turkey, South Korea and India. At the same time, the author emphasizes, even the secret equipment has not been removed from the aircraft carriers. Less than $ 30 million was reversed for the sale of the giant Armada of the ships, and after all, the construction of one destroyer is ten times more expensive! G. Belov Gorko summarizes: "E. A. Skvortsov rightly said in his book:" Probably, in Russia, except for bad roads and fools, there are also criminals. " Sure. We even know them on the names - inspirers, "foreheads" and the generals of perestroika! So many years have passed, and the heart of the author and now overwhelms the unplaced bitterness when he lists the ships from the fleet: " Take the patience, pushing into each line, read this commemorative list of our fleet, our power, our strength, our pride, our national respect, our forces, money, sweat, mind" Pains of the Book of Book Belov, dedicated to the last days of the squadron - high Requiem, no less strong and inspired, than the famous song "Varyag". And farewell to the squadron here is also read quite symbolic - this is a farewell and with the past: with the country, with its destination, with my life itself, because the intentional death of the squadron led to a crippled fate.
Third course. In the photo in the middle. On schooling flooders
« The news of the liquidation was tragic for many officers. The squadron stood a 37-year-old history of existence. A high staff culture was worked out, which was transmitted from generation to generation, and any officer who comes to the headquarters adopted this spirit of high dedication and professionalism. The organization of the compound management was created and perfectly developed. This is the invisible, which is created and is being studied by many years of hard work. And suddenly all this was destroyed in one moment. Who and why was it necessary? The leadership of the country and the Armed Forces once again put the navy on his knees. The origins of this decision and the actors are unknown, and now no one will decide to open all the impartial truth. But, I am sure, more than years will write about it and call the actors of this tragedy of the fleet. The story has not yet come ... "
In the works of Gennady Belov, there are no language delights, there is no refrigerated plot, old-fashioned marine sacrificing romance, they have completely different tasks and goals. Here is life. Save, sometimes comical, sometimes inglorious, and more often heroic. Life without embellishment, which is fantastic than any fantasy and dramatic than any tragedy of Shakespeare. Whatever one episode of passing the squadron through the "cyclone eye" is a 7-point murdling storm, unfortunately, just as selfless, how completely useless, not motivated by anything, except for the self-employed order of the higher superior ...
And what courage showed the Commander of the BPK "Zhumy" and the whole team that the ship does not lose their tight storm, manually burned fuel from the bottoms of tanks when its automatic feed ended. Admiration causes the actions of the captain 2 rank A. A. Kibkal: In order not to risk the lives of his subordinates, he, being in a hairlessness of death, was demining the cargo ship GDR in the port of Luanda. The real feat made the commander of EM "Coulder" - Captain 2 rank Yu. G. Ilyini, going to the sea to liberate the Angola authorities seized hostage, without the permission of the Navy command (there was no time to wait).
Linear ship "Oktyabrskaya Revolution"
In the Atlantic Squadron, the grandiose volume of the panorama of unknown civil landfasts of the most complex life of the fleet is unfolding, where the luxurious proud short silhouettes of warships are the fate of not only admiral commanders, captains, stupoms, Michmanov, sailors, but and the whole country.
According to the Atlantic Squadron, Gennady Belov, I catch myself thinking that I was realized to me, Yuzhanka, became unexpectedly close and roads - and the stern landscape, and the people of the Russian North, and the characters of the seafarers of the Northern Fleet, and the Nalaskaya Sky, and the Ice Sea, And ships.
« …My feelings? They leave for many decades ago in my lieutenant years. And even now I am ready to live in my cold, blurred, without a toilet and water in the apartment on the street. Eastern. Despite the hardest service, I remember Severomorsk with spiritual trembling, hiking to a generous tundra and your struggle for honor and dignity for decades. Your phrase that after reading my books Severomorsk you seems to you relatively, my masculine was accompanied ... He was really a special city. There was everything honestly in the overwhelming majority. Intelligent and kind people, special garrison structure... "- Gennady Petrovich answered me on the letter.
The fleet is reborn - just like our self-awareness. There were no feats of fathers and grandfathers in vain, the ministry of the seventh Atlantic squadron was not in vain. Russia was, there will be.
So, there will be a northern fleet!
Olesya Rudyagin
Fate Admiral
Admiral Nikolai Nikolaevich Amelko
Admiral Nikolai Nikolaevich Ameleko from the legendary cohort of Soviet fleets, who, having come to the military fleet in the 30s of the last century, acquired commander skills in the period of the Great Patriotic War, and then created the Soviet Ocean Nuclear Military Fleet.
Part II.
WAR. 22ND OF JUNE
I learned about the beginning of the war in the tram, when I was driving from the village of Uritsky home to his wife, as we said, visit (for dismissal). Near the man sitting with me, a quiet voice said that the Germans attacked us, and now they will talk about it on the radio. Approaching his house, I saw a crowd of people and a wife with a dog (we had white spitz). All stood near the loudspeaker on the post. Molotov spoke and said that war began.
We already knew about the approach of the war rather accurately. On June 18, I was with the ship and cadets in Tallinn. In the evening with the teacher of the School, who led the practice, captain 2 rank Hainatsky we were in the restaurant "Convik", which is on the street trading. Suddenly, an encrypter comes and whispers to me that the cipherogram came from Moscow, encrypted by my commander code. I urgently went to the ship, pulled the commander's code from the safe and deciphered: "Fleets combat readiness. All ships immediately return to their bases at the place of permanent deployment." Gave the team to urgently cook the ship to the exit. Mechanic Dmitriev reported on readiness. Then the senior assistant commander of the ship, in turn, receiving reports from the commanders of the fighting units and Bottchesman Veterkova, by the way, an excellent specialist of the superiorist, older than me in age, reported: "The ship to battle and the campaign is ready." Starred from the anchors and the mooring and went to Kronstadt. Appeared to the commander V.F. Tribussian. He says:
You have a permanent location of the dislocation - Leningrad, near the school.
I reported that I need to immerse coal.
After loading coal (and this is the procedure for a long time - all the personal composition with baskets and shores from the shore runs on the ship, loads coal in the hatches of coal holes and cleans the boilers), I reached the boat to Oranienbaum, then by train to the village Uritsky and Next We tram to the house. Here at this time I have a neighbor and said that the war began. At home, I told my wife that this war would be more interested in Finnish. We decided that the Tattoo (so I called my wife) will go to my family to Moscow.
I didn't stay spending the night at home, I returned to the ship and sent a writer's writer - a very frustrated foreman - to Leningrad to take a ticket for a train to Moscow. Two days later, with a ticket for the train, I was accompanied by my wife. We lived on the outskirts of the city at the Kirov Plant, to the Moscow railway station, it was very far away, but the clerk in the hotel "European" took the Lincoln car. At the station the pillar. I learned where the composition is located, which will be served for landing, and on what path. On "Lincoln" from the Ligovskaya Street through a service entrance, we drove directly to the peer, and at that time already rearranged the composition for planting. People on the move rushed to the wagons, the entrances to the wagons are already clogged with people. Then, and the writings and I raised my orders on your hands and shoved the car window to the upper shelf. They said goodbye, and I saw it only three and a half years. Sad, I went to the ship.
Tallinn transition
At the end of September 1939, the city of Tallinn became the city of Tallinn for ships of the Baltic Fleet, the capital of Estonia.
He received an order to act according to the mobilization plan, according to which I had to enter the brigade of the Schoral ships, the place of collection is the city of Trongzund, if you go to the climb from the sea. Trongzund is a narrow strait, and I decided to get up to the berth nose at the exit. He began to unfold, the nose of the ship rested into the berth, and the feed - in the opposite coast. Cables, brashpil and winches all the same deployed the ship. Little long, broke one winch. Then he found the headquarters of the formable brigade, introduced himself as a commander - the captain of 1 rank Lazo. And he says:
It is good that you have turned on the way out, I received an order to "Leningradsovet" to return to Kronstadt, and then go to Tallinn at the disposal of the headquarters of mine defense.
Morning came on June 22, 1941. The learning ship "Leningradsovets", which was commanded by the author of these memories, was in Kronstadt. Urgently on the ship was installed two anti-aircraft guns of 76-mm caliber on the nose and on Utah (on the stern) and four large-caliber DSHK machine guns on the turret. Until the middle of July, the ship made four hikes from Kronstadt to Tallinn with an ammunition replenishment, food, military equipment for his defenders. It took it because on August 5, 1941, the troops of the 48th German army cut the 8th Army of the North-Western Front and went to the coast of the Gulf of Finland, completely blocked Tallinn from Sushi.
At the end of July, the Leningrad Soviet ship, being in Tallinn, stood at the pier of the Merchant Harbor, and the headquarters of the Mal Defense of Baltflut was located on it. The commander of this association was Vice Admiral Roll Yuri Fedorovich, headquarters - captain 1 rank A.I. Alexandrov, deputy. Headquarters headquarters - Captain 2 rank of Polenov. All of them, as well as the flagship navigator Ladinsky, Milner Kalmykov and other specialists of the headquarters of mine defense were accommodated and lived on Leningradsove.
The Leningradsovet training ship was built on the Baltic shipyard in 1889. The former name is "faithful". Displacement of 1,100 tons, armament - 76-mm guns on barbets 3 from each side. In 1927, it was upgraded, the armament was removed, renamed Leningradsovs.
The defense of Tallinn continued for three weeks: the 10th Rifle Corps of the 8th Army, subordinated to the Commander of the Admiral Tribussus, the Marine Corps, formed from the personnel of the ships (20 people were among the crew of Leningradsovet), the regiment of Latvian and Estonian workers Supported by artillery.
At night, trawl-tugs approached, transports also approached the external raid. With a dawn on August 28, the Kirov received semaphore: "The 4th convoy to build and go out." Navigator Kovel and navigator "Leningradsovet" paved on the map the transition courses as indicated in the package. I handed over the track trashrs to build and gave courses. At this time, two boats "KM" approached the ship - this is traveling boats of the fleet headquarters, I was familiar with their commanders before: they were in Leningrad in the educational detachment to ensure the practice of cadets of the School named after M.V. Frunze. Commanders - Michmans boats began to ask me: "Comrade Commander, take us with you, we were thrown, and we do not know how and where to go." I agreed, gave instructions to my older assistant Kalinin to put them on the Bakšts (the boats are small, about 10 tons of displacement), filed a hemp cable from the stern, and they got up "on a tug."
In the island, our fourth convoy lined up and began movement. The Keri Island passed, mines began to rush in the trawls, one of the trawls began to rush, the Polyrtrak, Yakubovsky explosive wave from one of the travelers, was thrown onto the side of Leningradsovet, hit the tarpaulin, and almost did not receive serious injuries. We have only one pair of trawls, but the prolonged strip was so small that the transports going to the Kilwater could not stick to her and began to undermine the mines. Transports and ships all the time were attacked by Yu-87 and Yu-88 bombers. Two boats that I had on Bakštov, picked up floating people from ships and transports and landed on "Leningradsovts". Somewhere on Traversage Yuminda we saw the burning and sinking transport "Verius", which was escaped mainly by the employees of the fleet. Our boats were picked up and brought on board several dozen people - men and women. Near our boards, we saw a floating girl in one shirt, which kept behind a big suitcase. When we pulled it on board, it turned out to be a cashier from Tallinn customs, Estonian, and the suitcase was naked by Estonian crowns. When she was asked why this money, she replied that he was responsible for them. Starpom threw this suitcase over the board, threw her chinel on her, then it was changed into working sailor uniforms. The battur and the ships dressed up all the boats were chosen and planted on board.
Soon we approached Ngengen-Pokllala-Ude Mine Crime. At this time, the squadron was overtook from the right side, four travelers "BTSHCH" were passed, behind them the icebreaker "Surtle", on which, as it turned out, was evacuated by the Estonian government, the head of which was Ivan Keben. The ice cruiser "Kirov" was walking under the flag of the Filipovich Filippovich Filipovich Tribut. They passed so close that the Komflot in Megaphone shouted: "Amelko, how are you?". I did not know what to answer, and while I thought they were already removed, and it was useless to scream. For the "Kirov" was the leader of the destroyer destroyers "Yakov Sverdlov". At this time, from Kirov, our signals read Semaphore: "Periscope of the submarine" Jacob Sverdlov ", go out and taste in front of the nose." Leningradsovet " The latter gave the "Cap" smoke. This means that he increased the speed, failed and passed by the "Leningradsovet" meters in 20-30. At the bridge, I saw the commander - Alexander Spiridonova. With him, I was well familiar before the war, we were in the same squad and, being in Tallinn, have repeatedly met. He was a bachelor, and we considered him "Pijon". We, young officers, did not wear sea caps issued to us, and ordered them in Tallinn on Narwa Mantu Street at Jacobson, a glaze and pants - in the workshop in Vyshgorod at Estonian-tailor. Somewhere in the middle of August, Sasha Spiridonov went to me on the ship and offered to order overcoat from castor tissue.
I suggested that since he talks about overcoats, apparently, we will soon go to Kronstadt, but will you come? Spiridonov tells me:
Well, you know, sinking in the castorine coiner more pleasant than that we give us.
So, passing by me, Spiridonov, standing on the bridge in a vicker, a white shirt with a tie, in a piano from Jacobson, with cortica and with a cigar in his mouth, shouted to MegaFon: "Kolya! Be healthy!". I answered him: "Okay, Sasha!". After passing a few cable ahead of me, his ship exploded on Mine and sank. The legend that the "Yakov Sverdlov" covered the cruiser "Kirov" from the torpedo, released by a submarine, does not correspond to reality - he blew up on Mine. The place of "Yakova Sverdlova" in the kilvater rank was taken by two destroyers, and behind them a submarine C-5, which, without reaching us, exploded. CATER MO-4 picked up five people, including the hero of the Soviet Union of Egypt, the four sailors boat landed to us, and Egypto remained on the boat, the rest of the personnel died - the torpedoes were restored on the submarine. The beginning is to darken. At this time, the cruiser was far ahead and led the head of the main caliber on the enemy's torpedo boats, released from Finnish Schär. We did not see boats. They came to the place of death "Yakova Sverdlov", lights flashed on the water - the sailors and officers who were picking up the boats and brought to us on board. It is necessary to clarify that the personnel of the ships was in the vestments, which were inflated when falling into the water. Light bulbs were lit on vestments from the batteries. Each vest was also a whistle, and whistled in the water, attracting attention to himself. The second pair of trawls, which we walked, too exploded in mines. By 22 o'clock, visibility decreased to 200 meters. In order not to undermine the mines, we decided to dawn to get anchored. For us, small vessels and tugs began to approach us, asked permission to become "Leningradsovetu" on the tug, as the depth was big and their anchor chains did not allow themselves to be anchored. With dawn, we found about eight vessels behind us on Bakshtov, each other. Satisfied with anchor, pushing two floating mines from the side of the poles, began movement towards the island of Gogland. Military transport "Kazakhstan", floating plant "Sickle and hammer" was walked in the LeningradsovSovets in Kilwater. There were continuous bombing of the transports that were larger than "Leningradsovet". Kazakhstan caught fire, but the personnel headed by Captain Zagoorulko coped with fire and damage, and transport reached Kronstadt on his own. "Sickle and hammer" died. One "Leningradsovets" was left from the convoy and three submarines, "Baby", which were plunged and under the periscope went beyond us. Then "Junkers" pounced on "Leningradsovts", flew by groups of 7-9 aircraft, circled over us and took turns on the ship. The height of the breaks of our shells forced them to circling and take turns to reset bombs. If you closely monitor, then you can see when bombs come off from the aircraft, and the ship's crowd to the right or left, an increase in the ship to the ship can be avoided by an increase in or decrease in the velocity. What we did. For the fastest reaction of the steering sailor, the visina was transferred to the top bridge, the machinists were ordered to quickly perform signals to increase the speed or stop the machine. Thus, the ship has resist over 100 bomber raids. Near the bombs were torn, fragments damaged the body, somehow wounded, including the commander, but it was possible to avoid direct hit.
They approached the southern tip of the island of Gogland - there is a lighthouse and alarm-observational post. Semaphore was requested by: "What a fairway was the squadron with a cruiser" Kirov "?" Answer did not receive. The fact is that the handed-handed flooring at leaving Tallinn showed the path of the North Farvater. But on Gobyansky Plesa, there was also a mine position. I decided to go to the southern fairway, a very narrow strait called Highode. In the Kurgsky Cape, ships rarely went stranded. But I knew this pass well and already in the evening twilight, it was safely passed and went out into the long lug. Night has come. After the last fierce attacks of the aircraft, gyrocompasses were faced, and there were two - "Geo-III" and English "Sperry". There were also an English guyrural, a commogram, echo sounder, but they all failed, there was one magnetic compass with dubious accuracy. In short, we lost their location. We saw glimpses of navigation buoy. After the meeting with the navigations, they suggested that this is a buoy of the demonstone bank. To make sure that the commander boat was lowered and sent to the buoy of the navigator of the ship Albert Karsh. He cautiously approached him and returned to the ship, confirming our assumption. Ahead of the right saw a fire on the shore, where the base of the Torpeda boats of Paipia was. Thus identified their place and went to the lighthouse whispels, where it was necessary to go exactly by the Farvatera, since on this site all the aqueous space is overlapped with anti-sidelines on which explosive devices are suspended. When approaching this line, we periodically reset the deep bombs, considering the enemy's submarines in this area, who came out of Finnish Schher. But everything went well. They went to the Favorter and entered the large Kronstadt raid. On the raid, anchored was the cruiser "Kirov", a sorrow was played, everyone got up to the side of the cruiser, who also played Horn and there, too, everyone got up "Smirno" face to us. Required alarm post, where it is allowed to get up to the pier. And they received the answer: to get up to the pier of the Ust-slingshot. They gave an anchor and the feed was moored near Lincore "Marat", they were submitted to the shore and all the raised "Leningradsovet" from the water from the dead ships were allowed to go ashore. And there were about 300 people - officers, sailors, soldiers and civilians. So "Leningradsovets" finished the transition from Tallinn to Kronstadt. Several crewrs were awarded orders and medals, and the commander by order of the People's Commissar of the Narion Fleet received the first reward - the Order of the Red Banner, and he was awarded the title of Lieutenant.
LENINGRAD BLOCKADE
September 22, the Germans made a air raid on the ships, standing in Kronstadt. One of the bombs fell into the nasal part of Lincher "Marat", the artpogreb of the nasal tower was restored, the nasal part from the 1st tower was torn off, standing near him the ships sipped from the mooring, including "Leningradsovts".
With return to Kronstadt from Tallinn, the command of the Baltic fleet gave an indication of the crews of the ships to form marine crews to send to the rescue of the troops of the Leningrad Front in the defense of Leningrad. A total of eight brigades were formed. On my ship, we removed one combat shift on the defense of the city still in Tallinn. None of them returned to the ship, and the second combat shift was removed in Kronstadt. On the "Leningradsove" and other ships remained only on one combat shift of three, laid on staff, it was mainly artilleryrs, miners and relationships. We slept in turn, right on combat posts.
On September 24, the Commander of the Easy Forces of the CBF Vice-Admiral Drozd Valentin Petrovich was called on the cruiser "Kirov", showed me to the directive of the fleet of the tribetric V.F., in which the ship was prescribed in case of destroying. Discussed how to do this, and decided: in the artillery cellar and the engine room, put two deep bombs, and the fuses to keep in the personal safe in the cabin commander of the ship. Then the thrush deployed the card and showed a place at the entrance to a large raid, where in the Aphorism signal to undermine the ship, next to the "October Revolution underwent". Under Dictation V.P. Drozda All these actions I described on a sheet of paper, Drazdaled, sealed in the envelope, which I wrote "to operate in a person personally to obtain a signal" Aphorism "and act as directed. Store in the personal safe."
Returning to his ship, I ordered to minister him. Soon he learned that such actions did the commanders of all ships. For this "work", the heads of the special departments of the NKVD were strictly followed and reported to the Leningrad Front of the Army General G. K. Zhukov. In such a state, the ships fought before removing the blockade of Leningrad.
G. K. Zhukov commanded the Leningrad Front of 27 days. Some explorers of the Warm spoke and also say that Zhukov "Savior" Leningrad. The blockade of the city lasted 900 days. It is absurd to argue that in 27 days of his command of the Leningrad Front, he saved Leningrad from the blockade, especially at the beginning of the war. If we talk about personalities, I did L.A. Govorov.
I knew G.K. Zhukov. Being the commander of Tof, he personally obeyed him. I admit it as an organizer of the emergence of the retreat of our troops on the Volga, despite the rigid methods of the actions of Zhukov at the same time. And, of course, I do not recognize him as a "brilliant" commander, "saved" Russia. It is known that all military operations planned Marshal Vasilevsky, and not beetles. The people were saved by Russia, our armed forces with their courage, without sorry for life.
At the end of September, "Leningradsovts" was included in the detachment of ships of the river Neva. The ship was transferred to Leningrad and put on the right bank of the Neva from the marina of the forest park, with the task of supporting the 2nd division of the national militia (2nd bottom), which defended the blockade Leningrad on the left bank of the Neva opposite the village of Kurchmenino, immediately at the Bolshevik plant .
In addition to the "Leningradsovet", one squadrous dancer type "7-y", Kannel boats "Oka", "Zeya" and others, which I do not remember the names of which I do not remember. Our task - at the request of the commander of the division of the national militia to suppress the firepoints of the Germans with fire of artillery or to maintain fire 2nd, which repeatedly tried to take the assault village Kurchino and advance towards Shlisselburg. We had few shells, and upon receipt of applications, the detachment commander allowed to produce only 5-6 shells.
Somehow called me the commander of the 2nd bottom to his command post. I moved the Neva on the boat and approached the blockage of the division commander. The clock stopped me, asked and went to the dugout. I stand at the entrance and hear how the soldier reports: "Comrade Comdaiv, the commander of the steamer, which stands on the wrong side, almost against us, I did not remember the last name, and the title did not understand, Chi Captain, Chi Lieutenant." That's right - I was a lieutenant captain. The division commander asked, could I send a boat at night along the Neva and find out what the strength is defended by the village of Kurchhino. I agreed, the boat was lowered, the senior appointed the navigator of the ship of Senior Lieutenant Kolya Golovhekina, Mosttekov's boatswain, Radysta Senya Durov and another sailor, armed with their machine guns, carbines, guns, dressed in maskhalates and sent up the river to the village of Kurchhino. For dawn, our intelligence officers reported that they came to the pier, crawled into the village, in which no one was discovered. They found one old woman who confirmed that, indeed, in the village, besides her, there is no one and that two days ago there were Germans in the village. She also told that two days ago our village approached the village and began to shoot, the Germans opened a retaliatory fire, and then ours, and the Germans retreated, and the village was empty. Reported on this commander of the division. He said that that night they retreated because of the strong fire of Germans and that he will take the next time. I do not know, he took it or not. According to our information, no.
We had a very bad lady. Rear Lenmorbaza decided that the Leningrad Council was died at the transition from Tallinn and removed the ship with his satisfaction. But then figured out and allowance resumed. For each person, 250 grams of bread were given, if it can be called bread, 100 grams of stuffing flour, which was usually poured, and a teaspoon of condensed milk - this is one person per day. On the shore near the place of the parking lot, a neutral strip passed, there was a potato field. I risked and sent three distiller sailors. At night, they completed and swept potatoes, the "operation" was successful, but it was possible to accumulate only a clutch. Frozen on the olife and ate pleasure.
Next to the pier, where we stood was the so-called "Saratov colony" - a village in which the Germans lived. The Germans made aviation raids, as a rule, with the onset of darkness, flew airplanes from Schlinisselburg, and rockets were allowed from the houses of these colonists, gave target designation to our objects on ships. In the afternoon, we went around at home, tried to find out who filed signals, but residents refused, said they did not do that. Somehow the commander of the Leningrad Front Leonid Alexandrovich Govorov arrived, I told him about it. He ordered to establish observation and allowed to give an instrument volley on houses that allow the signal rockets. With him was Zhdanov, who approved this decision. The next night we charged a 76-mm gun, installed observation of the houses, and as soon as the rocket flew out, they gave a volley on this house and spawned it into sins. Houses were a dacha type. In the morning they went to see - there was no one already. Found only cow hooves, apparently, the cow was killed. From these hoofs, together with the skin, welded wonderful meat soup. Enough for the whole crew. Sailors of their 250 grams of bread smeared mustard, and then drink a lot of water and fluffy. So that there were no zing, the pine and fir branches were harvested, they insisted and drank them.
In Leningrad on Vasilyevsky Island, the Father, Father Anna Mikhailovna and Sister Alexander, who worked in a pharmacy lived on the 2nd line. I decided to visit them. Transport - no, went on foot, and it is very far away, through the Volodarsky Bridge on the embankment on the old Nevsky Prospect, through the Palace Bridge on the Tuchkki Embankment, total kilometers 15. But it reached. The city struck me, at every step - the frozen corpses, snow-covered cars trams, in the snowdrifts trolley buses and buses, the Gostiny Dvor burns, the passage and the Eliseev store also on fire. On the streets, rare people are brave, or rather, the shadows. On the 2nd line at the gate of each house for several corpses. Rose to the apartment, entered the room - father and stepmother stand at the window and argue, which flew by the German aircraft: Messerschmitt or Fokke-Wulf. My arrival was very happy. I brought it grams of 400 bread, one head and a bottle of coniferous infusion. There was just a feast. Five families lived in the apartment of five rooms, only eleven people, five died, three - in the hospital, there were three people. Mother says:
Kohl, in the room opposite - Nikolai Fedorovich, a neighbor, died, and with our father, do not take it to the goal.
Well, I went, pulled the corpse to the goal to the street - the military cars went there, they picked up the corpses and donounced the cemetery, where they folded them with stacks. He started the shelling of the city, the mother says that it is necessary to go to the first floor under the arch of the house. Father objects and does not want to descend - shells fall far. I agreed with him, although the whole house was trembling, and the dishes rang.
I rested a little and began to say goodbye to my relatives - I wanted to get to the ship. The clock to 20 returned, as they say, "without legs" and a day slept.
New, 1942 came. Put in Kubricks Christmas trees and modestly celebrated the meeting of the New Year. They drank the little bottles of vodka issued to us, it seems that they were called "eights". I didn't drink vodka, because somehow long before this, the nacho ship dragged the liquid to the ship - it is fuel for Packard motors from the torpedo boats supplied by the Americans. This liquid was fired on, gasoline burned, as it was from above, the remaining "alcohol" was passed through a gas mask box, unscrewing the corrugated tube, and then diluted with water and drank. I tried and I, from this nasty, I broke me out. Yes, and the vodka issued was made of wood alcohol. They joked that she was made of broken stools. Since then, until today, I do not drink vodka at all. Champagne, good grape wine or a glass of brandy visiting or when we have guests I have a little sip with one, sometimes two glasses for the evening, but not more. My friends laugh and call me a "defective sailor."
Neva was covered with ice, frosts were fixed. In order not to freeze the ships finally, we were ordered to go to Leningrad. I was defined by the place at Garden Babushkina, opposite the porcelain factory named after Lomonosov and the Vienna Brewery. Lomonosov plant made sperm blade blades for the army, knives and grenades, and Vienna cooked beer from burned grain from Badaevsky warehouses, set fire to incendiary bombs from German aircraft. This burner grain was not suitable anywhere, it was impossible to prepare something edible, and the beer was gorgeous, but quite decent. Somehow, the director of Lomonosov and Vienna factories came to my ship, asked permission to wash in the shower. Of course, I allowed in the cabin company treated with carrot tea. The director asked if they could not give them to produce electricity, they had no autonomous, and the city was completely turned off in the whole city. I replied that Kilowatt 20 could give, but I have almost no coal. The director of the Lomonosov plant said that he had coal and he could give it to us. In short, they were extended across the road, or rather, through the embankment of the wires, and I began to give them electricity - the plants earned. And "Vienna" for this every day gave me a beer barrel - this is an enamelled mug to every member of the ship crew. For half-beetled people, it was a great help.
On January 14, 1942, by order of the fleet commander, I was appointed commander of the division of the ships of network barriers in the composition of the new, special construction of ships for the production of anti-submarine networks "Onega" and "Vyatka", a non-self-proper network barge, an mineral barrier "Izhora" and the former Estonian wheelcase "Figure" ". Only five units, all of them, except "drawn", stood in a ship repair plant opposite Smolny, where the headquarters of the front was. My surcharge was arrived at Leningradsovets, filmed for some misbehee from Minza "Marty", captain 2 rank Abashvili. Parting with "Leningradsovtsy" I suffered hard, and the officers, and the sailors, I will take the courage, too lit up. We have experienced a lot of grief together.
He arrived at the "Onegu" - the ship was flagship in the division - and began to serve. I went to "Dahtno", he stood on a small sky for Lenin's stadium, on the Petrograd side of the Beer Plant "Red Bavaria". "I was lucky" to me for brewery. I didn't like the ship: Big, wheel, clumsy, but the commander and the team were good sailors and loved their ship, and this is very important in the service, when there are such concepts as devotion and confidence that we will and Leningrad are not Let's pass.
Ships stood in a ship repair plant. We chose ice so as not to crush the corps, masked ships by fishing networks and poured snow mountains and ice almost to the height of the sides to make it difficult for the bombing of German aircraft, which are daily (as a rule, in the evening) groups of 20-50 bombers "Yu-87", "Yu-88" bombed the city, bridges, smooth and just residential buildings. In the air, our fighters led air battles, and our ships were allotted by a sector in which we laughed by ship means.
This winter was very hard for Leningraders. Many died of hunger. Not far from the place of our parking was the Okhtinskoe cemetery, where through the Neva on the ice barely live people in children's sleds dragged the corpses of the dead, often dragging himself died and remained lying ahead of the Sanochest. Each morning, the sailors of the ships were chosen from ice dozens of dead and delivered Ohta ashore.
But most of all, children were upset to tears. They knew when on ships lunch, crowds came to the ships, clinging overboard with frozen handms and they asked, stretching the circles: "Uncle, give something, at least a little bit," and we themselves were swollen from hunger Sailors. Ordered to make it easier to breed the outstanding flour, from which cooked "soup", and broke down into the circles to children. And they, happy, a little bubble, carefully carried the remnants of soup home mothers and relatives that could not climb from bed.
So now, when I write these lines, the faces of these children are "standing" to the throat, and goosebumps will crawl along the back. Leningrads-Blochadniki are genuine heroes, many people know from books, poems, newsreel, and I saw it. I saw their imbibeable will to defend Leningrad. I saw the stack of corpses on the wasteland, where now Piskarevsky cemetery. I saw the sacres of the explosions made pit, and the bulldozers were crushed into them these stacks of corpses.
In the spring, fearing the epidemic, to call the city's leadership, everyone who was still moving to the streets and cleaned the dirt. I saw my sister on the embankment at the NKVD house with his colleague from the pharmacy together lifted iron scrap and cololis on the sidewalk ice, having fading for a few seconds after each strike, but beat and beat, exhausted from fatigue.
In the summer, in June, I was ordered to put anti-submarine networks at Lavensaari Island - it is kilometers of 150 from Leningrad in Finnish Bay. There was a base of Baltflot, from where, making the last refueling fuel, the submarines went to the Baltic Sea and there they were flooded with a return. We set the networks, leaving the corridors for our returning ships and submarines. But the notification was not established, and the next day one of the boats climbed into our networks and blew up explosive cartridges suspended on them. Thank God, there was a slight damage, and the boat quickly renovated on a floating plant in the same place on the island. We repeatedly set the network and on the line Lighthouse Shepelev - Bjerko Island. I proceded by this division until April 1943.
10th Division of Watching Boats
I was appointed by the commander of the division of travelers who were converted to the smoke boats. They removed the trawling winches and put on the stern of two soul machines "Da-7", operating on a mixture of sulfonic acid and water. On the nose was placed with a DSHK machine gun (large-caliber). Were in the division and boats with displacement two times more, metal with 25-mm guns on the nose, there were self-propelled with "ZIS" motors, tenders for the break of barrels with sulfonic acid to refuel the boat equipment. Each boat, except for the breathtaking, had another 20 checkers "MDH" (sea smoke checker). There were about 30 units in the division. "About" because the boat gibbles when performing tasks, what I will say below.
As a flagship boat, Komflot V.F. The tributz gave me his duralumin, well equipped, high-speed, with a speed of 30 knots, with four Aviation Motors "GAM-34F". Division received the name "10th division of guard boat boats-smokers" of the Baltic Fleet (10th DSKD). The need for such a compound was that our ships, convoy, submarines, the following to Lavensari in an overnight position due to small depths, when leaving Kronstadt, immediately behind Lighthouse Tolbukhin fell under the fire of shore batteries from the Finnish coast - tools 180, 203, 305 and even one 14-inch (340 mm). It was necessary to defend our convoy ships going to the Islands of Cord, Lavensari, Gogland. It is necessary to take into account that at that time there were no radar sights. The closure of the goals of the smoke has made a firing is useless. In the task of the 10th DSKD and it was followed by following between the Finnish coast and convoys, seeing outbreaks of shots, to put in smoke - this impermeable wall along the entire length of the convoy did not allow the opportunity to conduct aiming fire, and the enemy stopped the shooting. Katerniki so caught that the enemy, as a rule, did not even have time to see the place of falling the shells of his first volley. Worse, the situation was when there was a strong wind from the north, the smoke quickly attracted our shore, and the goals were opened. In these cases, the boats had to follow the batteries as close as possible. Then the enemy's fire was transferred to the boats, beat with shrapnel shells, and the division was lossed. Well, when it was nursing, then in the signal "Everywhere on 90 ° left" temporarily went to his own veil, hit the target fire and again went into place. And so every night. Part of the boats, from three to ten units, depending on the length and importance of the convoy, going to the island, went on its cover. Another part is to cover the ships, the following from Kronstadt to Leningrad, with a fox in Oranienbaum. The Germans were in Peterhof, Uritsk, at the factory of writing machines, and the front line took place from a red cemetery, it's near the Kirov plant and my home. By morning, all boats were returning to Kronstadt to the Italian pond - in the depths of the merchant harbor. There was a hut on the shore, it was the division headquarters, and a galley, and a warehouse of the barrels sulflocks, smumashek, gasoline. As soon as he was returned, they immediately sent the wounded to the hospital, the winds of the boats were, filled with sulfonic acid equipment, the ammunition was replenished, the smoke checkers were filled to a complete set, fastened with gasoline, and then dinner and went to bed. We lived on the boats to deep autumn, when the blankets were already starting to try on sides. And all this is almost under the balcony of the Cabinet Comfort, and when the headquarters of the fleet moved to Leningrad onto the sandy street to the building of the Electrotechnical Institute, the head of the Kronstadt defensive district Council Admiral Casatonov Vladimir Afanasyevich was published at the Comflotovsky Balcony, with whom I had personal friendly relations. It was a wonderful person. Headquarters, or rather, the management of the 10th DSKDD, was equipped with excellent officers -Burovnikov, Philippov, Selitriunnikov, Raskin, Chemist Zhukov, Dr. Pirogov, Mos Karev and Smart, educated Ivan Egorovich Evstafyev (he was a deputy for the Politchestick of the Division commander) . He was the only polymat worm, which I deeply respected until the last day of his life. Somehow, before bedtime, I asked him:
Ivan Egorovich, well, how do the Germans do not understand that their racial theory is nonsense? To recognize the people only Aryans, and the Jews, Armenians, Georgians, Arabs burn in the furnaces?
Ivan Egorovich replies:
Nikolai, you understand that for the Germans fascism and Hitler is the same as communism and Stalin for us.
Maximum simple and extremely clear answer to the question. Ivan Egorovich died in Riga from the stomach cancer, there is also buried. Eternal memory him. His family is Valentine's wife and two daughters - to now live in Riga. With the collapse of the USSR, I lost relationship with them.
Commanders of the boats were elders, in most designed by mobilization. Experienced sailors, dedicated homeland and their people, - careful, Pavlov, Mikhailovsky, written, king. Yes, do we all list all, about forty officers passed through the division. All of them were fearless and their courage were an example for the entire personnel. I remember, the boats were covered by the squadrock destroyers who followed Kronstadt to Leningrad. The Germans on them opened a hurricane fire from the old Peterhof, Martyshkino, Uritsky, the plant of writing machines. The boats put a smoke veil, headed the boat with the commander of the detachment by Lieutenant V. Akopov. The boat hit a six-inch projectile, and he was separated into pieces. A window formed in the smoke. He was closed by going to the Kilwater Boat under the command of Ivan Benevalensky. The destroyers have already entered the fenced part of the Leningrad Channel, the boats began to move away, throwing smoke checkers into the water. Next to the Benevalensky boat broke out a projectile, the boat got a lot of slopes in the case, steering, a sign tape, a chemist, a machine gunner was killed. Only Motorist remained intact, and the commander was wounded on his feet and chest. Benevalensky, seriously wounded, complement to the stern, turned on the breathtaking, then somehow climbed into the bridge, picked up the steering wheel and Lyzh led a boat to Kronstadt, where we learned about what happened.
I remember well another fight, he occurred already in 1944, when the troops of the Karelian Front dismissed the city of Vyborg. I was ordered to take an army battalion in the bay of the Army battalion and on the boats, and tenders to land him on the islands in Vyborg Gulf. When planning the operation, Vice Admiral Roll decided that it was impossible to start with the island of Bjerk: there were a large garrison and a 180-mm battery. It was necessary to break through through the bay between Bjerko and the village of Koivisto, who was already ours, land the landing on the island of Peisari, seize the island, and then, crouching through a small spray from the rear, take both Bjerko. Dark nights were loaded in the landing of three scholar monitors and three torpedo boats in readiness for the flow of smoke, if we were found from the island of Bjerko, the Bjerko-Zunda, Koivisto, and landed the landing on the island of Peisari. Four large German landing barges (BDB) appeared from the depth of Vyborg Gulf, each was armed with four 4-barreral 37-mm artists, and began to "water" with projectiles as water from hoses. The boats began to depart to the village of Koivisto, we could not return to the bay of Oolaht, since the Finnish canal "Kariala" appeared in the Strait. Cater under the command of Nikolai Lebedev went to the BDB. Nikolay Lebedev was seriously wounded. Michman Seleznev sent a boat to our coast, and when the boat was stranded, I took N. Lebedev to his hands, jumped into the water and carried him ashore. But the shell fell in his back, and he, and the commander died. Our guard ships of the Division "Bad Weather" - "Burya", "Storm", "Cyclone", "Tornado" were approached. After a short fight, the BDB and the canal breeding went. The ships in the area of \u200b\u200bKoivisto, the regiment of the marines, was taken by the islands of Bjerko, Melanzari, Tyutensiare and everyone else in the Vyborg Gulf. The 10th division buried Nikolai Lebedev and all the faded on the shore at the village of Putus. After the war, the local authorities of the cities of Primorsk (former Koivisto) and the Soviet (former Tronzund) were reburied from all individual graves. The monument was put on the square of Primorsk.
Every year on June 22, we have survived, the mayors of these cities are invited to honor the memory of the dead. But every year veterans are becoming less and less, and the trips now do not afford many. To finish the story of the 10th division, it should be said that in the winter during the ice station, when the boats could not walk, from the teams of the boats we formed the crews of the vessels for the Aerosani crews, on the sides of which made metal cases for four MDSh, and pipes from penalties Summed to propeller. The commanders of the aerosas were the commanders of boats, navigations - steering, machine gunners -polers, and chemists were injured by smoke. Here on such aerosany-smokes, we covered the transfer of the 2nd shock army of Lieutenant General I.I. Fedyunsk with fox nose in Oranienbaum to remove the blockade of Leningrad. After taking the islands in Vyborg Gulf, the division was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and became referred to as the "10th Red Banner Division of Watching Boat Boats - KDSKD", and the Division commander was awarded the Order of Nakhimov. With great respect and pride, I remember this division and its combat comrades. Some write me letters so far.
4th Brigade Ring CBF
In the early spring of 1945, I was called by the commander of the fleet Admiral V.F. The tributz and announced that the military council, considering personnel issues, decided that I was enough to serve in the 10th Red Banner Division of Watching Boats. Comforted approached me, knocked her finger at the Order of Nakhimov and said:
Well, how did you fought - this is the assessment! We decided to appoint you a chief of the headquarters of the Master of CMOR trawling (Kronstadt Maritime Returning District).
Commander of the Brigade - Admiral Belov Mikhail Fedorovich is already in the years, and you - you will be young and demand with you, first of all with you.
On this conversation ended. Soon, an order about my appointment also came.
I came to Oranienbaum, introduced himself to the commander of the brigade. Mikhail Fedorovich Belov critically looked at me and said:
Young, but they talked to me - Big. Well, trying to work, the brigade is big, and Min in the Finnish bay, Germans and we are hundreds of thousands.
Mikhail Fedorovich in character was a kind person, very punctual in work. Looking at me, he completely and began to trust me and support me. At first, of course, it was hard - the matter for me is new, and a lot of ships and people. But I was young and tried to justify the confidence of Mikhail Fedorovich.
We understood that shipping, in fact, was paralyzed, but the personnel of the ships was not considered with the difficulties and dangers of combat trawling. They were trampled and at night to break the fairway safe for swimming as quickly as possible. It was very important for the economy of the country, the normal operation of trade shipping and ports.
On May 9, 1945 - the day of victory, and for the personnel of the trash connections and ships, the warmers ended only somewhere by 1950-1953. In the spring and summer of 1945, our brigade has irrigated to one thousand minutes per day. Of course, we carried losses, hid and trawls. Command of the Kronstadt district, Vice-Admiral Yuriy Fedorovich Roll closely followed the activities of the Brigade, and Headquarters of the Council of Admiral Vladimir Afanasyevich Casatonov (his son Igor - now Admiral, 1st deputy commander-in-chief of the Navy) was often in a brigade and its own advisions and demands Of course, it helped in planning, and in providing material needs.
With the anchor mines we coped successfully. I managed with the defenders of minefields - these are mines put out the Germans on a small gluke from the sea surface. Instead of the Ministry of Arepa (cable), they used the chains (which were not brushed with conventional cutters) so that the mine would not float to the surface, where it can be destroyed, usually shooting from guns. Found a way out: Trolae packages began to attach the Trola cutters that interrupted the chains. This was performed by small boat trawls, and there were large ships trawls with trawls of a large width of the capture and raised mines set against large vessels.
But we also encountered German innovations - electromagnetic mines, which massively applied at depths from 10 to 40 meters, including in ports and harbors in the absence of fascist troops. Mines "RMH" were a wooden box on wheels in size with a cubic meter, stuck in the TGA explosive (Troil-hexogen-aluminum). The power of the explosion of this substance is 1.6 times more than that of TNT. Inside, the mines were the most difficult mechanism with an urgency device of bringing mines in a combat position (from immediately up to a month) and a multiplicity device (from 1 to 16), which responds to a certain passage over the mini or near her ship, the vessel. The initial sensitivity of mine was 4 millirest (0.31 cars). Over time, the sensitivity of gross, and if we consider that the ship (ship) creates a field of several hundred millirend, these mines could be dangerous for several years, which I was convinced later.
We did not have any trawls against such mines. Ships and vessels were undermined on fairways, thoroughly wrapped from the anchor contact mines. The only thing we was invented is a small wooden trash in a tug of 500 meters of length to carry a large metal barge, loaded by rails, scrap metal for creating a large magnetic field. Mines, as a rule, rushed ahead or from the sides of this barge, and the Fleel remained the whole. But, of course, there were losses. And when these losses became frequent, began to carry these barges in Lagom (the trawl harvested close to the side of the barge). There were cases when mines rushed and very close, gibbles and trawls, and barge. To count the strip of the prolocent, it was necessary to pass 16 times.
All science was "put on his feet", or rather, "on the head": Academicians A.P. Alexandrov - on Baltic, I.V. Kurchatov - on the Black Sea. But for the expectation of the results there was no time. Baltika was needed by the national economy. For the sake of justice, it should be said that academics created special devices that measure the magnetic field of the vehicles overlooking the harbor and at special stations were reduced to the magnetic field of the ship, and then the cable winding on the ship throughout the perimeter of the case was mounted, but it did not solve the problems. The cruiser "Kirov", who had such a cable demagnetive device, blew up on the mine "RMH" - the ship's nose took away.
People's Commissioner of the Navy, I.G. Kuznetsov became known that our allies, the British, have an effective special trawl against electromagnetic mines. And he exchanged RAT-52 torpedo (adopted in 1939) to this trawl, for which he was subsequently paid to the court. So, we got trawl. It was two cables - one shorter, another longer, at the ends of the cables - five copper rays, thus, in salt water between the electrodes (long and short cable), a strong electromagnetic field was created. On the ship, the special device measured the power supplied to the cables, changing its polarity - plus-minus. Due to the low width of the proloent trawling, it was beneficial to produce two ships with lapties (the name of the English trawls), which go on the front. Having received these trains and setting them on two trawls (in the past marine tug), we went to the Farwater test at the Krasnogorsk raid near Kronstadt. I attended these trials together with Academician A.P. Alexandrov. The ships in the front were built, they gave the "Turn on the current" command, and immediately 11 minutes exploded in front of us, on the sides and even somewhat behind the feed. It was a stunning spectacle. We turned off the trawls, shifted on the views, returned to Oranienbaum. Understood with the results, determined the procedure for using such trawls. Thus, the big state task began to be resolved faster. The fact is that these trains and later trawl, which were armed with the six American trashrs "UMS", and our domestic trains, created on this principle, but more perfect, did not require 16-fold passage one and the same place. Everything was solved in one pass. For warranty, there were sometimes two passages. And about the mines "RMH". As you know, in 1955, a linear ship "Novorossiysk" (former Italian "Julio Cesare" died in the Sevastopol Bay). The cause of death so far is not clarified, there are many versions. I am convinced that the battleship exploded on the mine "RMH". My beliefs are based on additional data obtained by me when I became commander of the brigade.
Brigade Ships Guard Water District Riga Base
I was appointed commander of this brigade in the spring of 1949. Its composition there were several divisions of travelers, guard, antique ships and boats. Brigade was based on the mouth of Western Dvina, it is 15 km from the city of Riga, in the village of Boldraya. We carried the sentire service, trawded mines in the Gulf of Riga, carried out control over shipping. During the sea parade on the Day of the Navy on the Daugava River, directly in the city center, I received a report that the excavation projectile, which made a dredging in the Milgharavis trading port, 5 km from the city below the river burned some large subject, similar for mine The team of the excavator woven went ashore. Having completed bypassing ships participating in the parade, I am in the parade uniform, with orders and cortic, in lacquer shoes, white gloves with the consent of the chairman of the Summina Latvia Vilis Latsis and Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Latvia Kirchienstein, Secretary of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Gorkina, who were present at the Paradon Boat, moved On the reserve boat and loss in Milgavis. Going to the excavator, we found in one of the buckets hanging, a little damaged mine "RMH". Called sailors from the brigade, including mechanics who know how to handle cranes. On the tarpaulin, like a baby, the mine carefully lowered the boat, taken out to the Riga Bay, pulled off and blew up. The explosion was so strong that in the neighboring villages Ust-Dvinsk, Bolderia in the houses flew glass. I was treated, but the leadership of Latvia, with whom I had very good friendly relations, took me under protection and paid all the costs for damage caused. Vilis Lazis even gave me her collection of writings with autograph. This incident put a new task before us - check all the riverbed from the city before going to the bay. We can not waste - this is the feature of the city, port, towns. Explosions on site could cause great damage. We decided to inspect and search for mines at the bottom of the divers (this is kilometers of 15 from the railway bridge in the city center before entering the Riga Bay). Formed groups of boats with divers and started work. Not unsuccessful. We all have been found, extracted and destroyed in safe areas of about 100 minutes. In neutralization of these mins, I had a chance to participate. We have established the presence in the mechanism of hydrostat, which at a depth of 10 meters "put on" the secondary detonator of the fuse. With a depth of less than 10 meters, the hydrostat did not work (little pressure), and although the device of urgency and multiplicity and focus was triggered, the explosion of mines did not occur. Such mines did not neutralize any trawls. In addition, in the complex mechanism of urgency devices and multiplicity, there are a lot of soldering and in some of them clockworks clogged. In Daugava, there were cases when the diver stroke mine to lift, moved it, said to the surface and gestures showed: "Rather, raise, start ticking!". It means - earned hours. Such mines were raised quickly at all, they were towed to the explosion site. There were several cases when they did not have time to walk and it exploded on the way. But, thank God, the death of people was not. Now let's turn to Sevastopol. The Germans, retreating, randomly scattered Mines "RMH" in the harbors, including in the Sevastopol bay. My belief that the LINKOR "Novorossiysk" blew up on the mine "RMH", it was based on the assumption that when he returned from the sea and knew an anchor, then or a hull, or an anchor chain stirred a mine, the clock earned, and after a while happened explosion. The barrier obtained by the linor is similar to the samples from "RMH". And the ship turned over, because, touching the soil to the nose, he lost stability. If in the harbor, the depth was more, he would float as a float. A similar case took place with a large tanker number 5 in the Finnish bay back in 1941.
Recalling his service in the brigade of the Ovra of the Riga base, I would like to talk about my meeting in Riga with Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov, when he, shot from the post of People's Commissar of the Navy, degraded to Admiral, rested in the sanatorium in 1948 Riga seaside in Majori.
Somehow he called me on the phone from the sanatorium: "Nikolai Nikolayevich, could you send me a small boat with a steering-motorist in Mayori, who knows the River Lieleupa (goes along the Riga coast), I want to go through Lielupe , enter the Daugava River, reach Riga to Riga, to view the bay, the trading port in Milgravese and return back. "
I answered him that the boat would be, and I myself will come to Mayori on him, I'll take it and show everything he wishes. Nikolai Gerasimovich began to object, granting that he did not want to tear me from affairs and rest (it was Sunday).
I explained to him that I think for honor to once again meet and talk to him, there may not be any other case. As for the boat, I myself will be on it, I know how to manage, I know the river, we will only two - he and me. After some embarrassment of N.G. Kuznetsov agreed with me and asked me to be in the civilian dress.
We visited him in all places you are interested in. I performed as a guide - the area I was well acquainted. A lot talked about everyday affairs and, of course, about the fleet, its current state and future development.
After a three-hour swimming was returned back along the River Lieleup. Nikolai Gerasimovich said that he had an idea not to go to Mayori, and asked him to land him in the village of Dzintari, from which he wanted to drive to Mayori on the train (this is one stop). They came to the pier, then went to the Dzintari railway station. Scheduled to the train approach, 15 minutes left.
Nikolai Gerasimovich said he really wants to drink. The weather was hot. I offered him to go to the station cafe, we had enough time. He agreed. When we entered this cafe-buffet, found that all tables are occupied by the fleet officers (just ended the rehearsal of the parade in honor of the Day of the Navy). We stopped in indecision at the entrance. After some confusion, the officers, everything as one stood in the position "Smirno," by raising his eyes at Nikolai Gerasimovich (remind, he was in the civil suit). He embarrassed, thanked the officers and offered me to go to the platform.
We came out of the cafe, he got up on the tubercle, fixed his eyes in the sea. So we stood silently before the train approach. They said goodbye, and he went to Mayori.
This episode I described in order to show how big the authority was used on the fleets an outstanding fleet, a large statesman Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov, a fair, caring, tactful person who knows how to carefully listen to everyone, from the sailor to Admiral, and after calmly, not in a hurry, But clearly express its judgment.
From January 1952, I became the head of the 64th division of the waterfront ships of the water area, and in a year - the commander of the Division. Commanded the fleet of Arseny Grigorievich Golovko. We were in the Baltiysk (the former base of the German submarines in Pilau) is 50 km from Kaliningrad (Königsberg). The tasks of the Division are the same - first of all the route of mines, a sentinal service, combat training of personnel and arrangement of the territory and structures of the division. Built the barracks, an open cinema, observational signal posts. At the previously destroyed tower on the bank of the inlet channel, the observation and adjustment of the movement of ships and transports on the Baltiysk-Kaliningrad canal was equipped. And, of course, restoring the destroyed war of the city.
10-K Dychyjpo Ufptpset Lbftpch
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4-S TYZBDB FTBMEYS LVZH
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oP NSHS UFPMLHMYUUSHY YEEENFCHPHPN - BMELFTPNBZOPHPHPN - BMELFTPNBZOPZHPHNY NYOBNY, LPFPTSCHESKU NBUPCHP RTYNOSMYUSE ON SHVYAUSTI PF 10 DP 40 Neftech, H FPN UUME HTZ RTY PFUHFUFCHY ZBYUYUFULYY Chpukul. Nyzhot "RMH" of the RTeDofbchmsmum UPVPK Clerk Sail about LPMyulby Tbnetpn in Lhvyüyulike Neft, Village-Vegetable Chtshchyubfshchen Cheeufchpn FZB (FTPFIGM-ZELUPZOO-BMAYYYAK). NCEOPUFSP CHEEUFCHB H 1,6 TBI WEW, Yuen X FTPfeim. chOHFTY NYOSCH OBIPDYMUS UMPTSOEKYYK NEIBOYN have RTYVPTPN UTPYUOPUFY RTYCHEDEOYS NYOSCH B VPECHPE RPMPTSEOYE (PF OENEDMEOOPZP DP NEUSGB) J RTYVPTPN LTBFOPUFY (PF 1, DP 16), TEBZYTHAEYN ON PRTEDEMEOOSCHK RP UYUEFH RTPIPD HBS NYOPK YMY CHVMYY ITS LPTBVMS, UHDOB. Obushubshobs Yukchufchyfemshopushufsh NymemytfbchmSMB NymimyTufedb (0.31 b / n). Up Tversheuen Yukhufchyfhemshopushufsh ZTHVEMB, B Eumy Hyuufsh, YuFP Schdop (LPTBVMSH) Upholstery RPME h Oleulpmshlp UP Nymmeytufied, BFF Niza NPSMY VSSFSh Prreduchene Oletulpmshlp MEF, h Yuen with chwaremus Ripoeje.
oilblii FTbMPC RTpfych Fbliy Nyo Nwby Unemy. LPTBVMY U ULDB RPDTSCHCHBMYUS ON ZHBTCHBFETBI, FEBFEMSHOP RTPFTBMOOPEOP PF defined lpoflite nyo. UFPEFCEOPE, YUFP ONNY LSSP RTYDHNBOP, - LFP NBMSCHN CEECTORSHIP FTBMSHAILPN About 500 Nefteph Dimezheli FBLBFS, Ophtkhtsyuyulha VBTtsh, Obzthetsooh Temkubny, NEFMMPNPNPN DMS, UPMSP NBZOPAPPP RPMS. Nyzoz, Lleb RTbchympamp, TCBMYUS CHRETEDY YMY UPPCH LFPK VBTZY, B FTBMSAIL PUFBCHBMUS GEMISHN. OP, LPeoyOhop, Village Rapfety. B LPDB OI RPFETY UFBMY YBUBUNY, OBUMBMY FBLBFSH BFMSHEIL MBSPN (FTbmshal RTyichbtfpchbmus ChrPfoha l WFTFH VBTZY). Wicksmock Umkhyuby, LPDB Nyzhet Tkmbmosh y Püheos Vamyjlp, Zyvmi Ftbmshal, th WBTsB. Yufpvysch Uuifbfs RTPMPU RTPFTBMEOPK, RP OEK Okhtsi Lushm RTPKFY 16 TB.
chus Oblb Linchem "Rpufbchmeob about OPZI", C ready, "On ZPMPCH": Blindyli b. R. BMELBODTPH - about VBMFIL, th. h. LCTUUBFF - about Yuteopn NPTA. OP DMS Ptsudboys TeachmShMSFBFL OE Lushpm Kneta. VBMFILB LUSS OKUKOB OBTPDOPH IPUCFCH. tBDY URTBCHEDMYCHPUFY UMEDHEF ULBBFSH, YUFP BLBDENYLY UPDBMY UREGYBMSHOSCHE HUFTPKUFCHB, LPFPTSCHE RTPYCHPDYMY BNET NBZOYFOPZP RPMS CHSCHIPDSEYI dv ZBCHBOY LPTBVMEK TH OF UREGYBMSHOSCHI UFBOGYSI RTPYCHPDYMY HNEOSHYEOYE NBZOYFOPZP RPMS LPTBVMS, B BFEN NPOFYTPCHBMY LBVEMSHOHA PVNPFLH ON LPTBVME RP CHUENH RETYNEFTH LPTRHUB, OP TH FP OE TEYBMP RTPVMENSCH. Lytpch Lytpch, Ynechyk X WEVS FBLP Lbwemshop TBNBZoyuychbaee HuftPkufchp, RPDPTCHBMUS ON THE NEY "RMH" - PFPTCHBMP apart LPTBVMS.
voltpdophh LPNYUUBTH ChPEOP-NPTULPZP ZHPFB th. s. LCHOEGHPCH UFBMP YUCHUUFOP, YUFP OUM FOOD, BOSMYUMUM, YNAF YZHERFIKETHOP UZEGIBMCHOSCHEKT FTBM RTPFYCH BMELFTPNBSOPNET NYO. According to Urgent, TBF-52 Pvneosm, TBF-52 (RTyosfha about ChPPTKHETSEYE, H 1939 Z.) on the LFPF FTBM, the BB of the UFP TSRPUMUFCHY RPR scramMUMUS SHDPN YUEUFY. YFBL, FTBM NM RPMKHYMYMY. tO RTEDUFBCHMSM UPVPK DCHB LBVEMS PDYO LPTPYUE, DTHZPK DMYOOEE, ON LPOGBI LBVEMEK RP RSFSH NEDOSCHI MHYUEK, FBLYN PVTBPN, B UPMEOPK CHPDE NETSDH MELFTPDBNY (DMYOOPZP J LPTPFLPZP LBVEMS) UPDBCHBMPUSH UYMSHOPE MELFTPNBZOYFOPE RPME. About LPTBVMU UZEGIBMSCHOBCHBCHBCHBCHEK h Lbvmey BmelfPFPL, YNNOSS EZP RPMSTOPUFSH - RMA-Nyokhu. FTPFTBMEOPK RTPMPUTBMEE PTPFDIFSP DCHHN LPTBVMSN in Paoobyobykulii FTbMPC), Yidheykuli FTBMP), Yidheneykuli FTBMPN), JDHeine Zhtpofn. RPMHYUKHYUCH FTBMSch y HufBopchich Yi about the Dchhi Ftbmshalby (H RTPMPN NPTULYY VKHLUITBI), Nubchchchyi about Yurshfboy about Ltbuchbfet about Ltbujptulpn Tedde Chvmyj LtpoTFBDFB. With about Bhfi Yurshfubychi RTyuhfuffchchbm Cneudule in Blindenlpn b. R. BMELSBODTPCH RPUFTMYUYUSH LPTBVMY PE Zhtpof, DBMY LPNBodh "Chlmayufsh FPL", Y Utbi 11 Nyo Chutchbmiusch Crowded Church, RP WPLC DBCA Oleulpmshlp BB LPTNPK. LFP Lushppt Puevpnmsaee ibreye. Nwby Khyshayimy Ftbmysch, UNFFBMY ON CHSHAYLY, CHETOHMYUSH HOBER PTBEYOVSBKHN. TBPVTBMYUUSH in the TeachmShMSFBFBN, PRTEDEMYE RPTSDPL Yurpmshppchus Fblii FTbMCH. FLBLNE PVTBDN, VPMSHYBS ZPUHDBTUFCOBS OBBDBYUB OBUBMM TEYBFSUS SPECTRY. Dempo B FPN, YUFP FY FTBMSCH J CHRPUMEDUFCHYY FTBMSCH, LPFPTSCHNY VSCHMY CHPPTHTSEOSCH RPMHYUEOOSCHE OBYEK VTYZBDPK RP "MJC-MYH" YEUFSH BNETYLBOULYI FTBMSHEYLPCH "henna", J OBY PFEYUEUFCHEOOSCHE FTBMSCH, UPDBOOSCHE RP FPNH RTYOGYRH, OP VPMEE UPCHETYEOOSCHE, OE FTEVPCHBMY 16 LTBFOPZP RTPIPTSDEOYS RP PDOPH FPHTs Tse Refirm. Chuu Teybmpush BBB PDY RTPIPD. DMS ZBTBOFY JOPDB DEMBMY DCB RTPIPDB. I EEE P Nyobi "RMH". LLB YUCHAUFOP, H 1955 SPDH H WESTBOFPRRPMCHULPK VKHIFE RPZYV MIOECOSCHK LPTBVMSH "OPCHPTPUYKUL" (Lushchyk Yfbmshsoulike "Dzhmip Yuebte"). RTYUYOB Zyvemey DP Celebration of Chista, Scisoeob, Uhyeufchhf NPOPSP Chetuyk. With Red FPN, UFP Misolpt RPDPTChBMUS About Nyoy "RMH". NPY CHAVEADEYAS PUPPCHBAFUS ON DPRMOFEMFEMSKETS OF CHOBLE, RPMKHYUEOPHEST NOPA, LPDB with UFBM LPNBodeTPN TSBD.
tYZBDB LPTBVMEK Pytboch Chpdopzp TBKPOB TйTSULPK BBC
With a Vushboweo LPNBodytpn LFPK TYZBDCH CHUOPK 1949 SPDB. H Her Umpufbce Lushpope Oleulpmshlp Dychyypopch FTbmshalpch, Ufptpset, RTPFJPPMPFUES LPTBVMEK B Lbftpch. VBTPCHBMBUSH TYZBDB h Huftsha Obrbdopk Dchijosch, LFP H 15 LN PF ZPTPDB TYZY, H RPuhemel VJBBS. OEUMY DPTPTAKH UMHTSVH, FTBMYMY NEZHTH HUM TYSULPN OBBMYCH, PUHEEUFCHMSMY LPFTPMSH OBD Ukhdpidufchpn. PE CHTENS NPTULPZP RBTBDB H dEOSh chPEOOP-nPTULPZP zhMPFB ON BODY dBHZBChB, OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP H GEOFTE ZPTPDB C RPMHYUYM DPLMBD, YUFP ENMEYUETRBMSHOSCHK UOBTSD, RTPYCHPDYCHYYK DOPHZMHVMEOYE H FPTZPCHPN RPTFH nYMShZTBChYU, H 5 LN PD ZPTPDB OYTSE RP TELE BYUETROHM LBLPK-OP VPMSHYPK RTEDNEF, RPIPTSYK About Nyokh. LPNBodb-nomeuetrbmlah Chrambm Chemb about vehicles. BLPOYuYCh PVIPD LPTBVMEK, HYUBUFCHPCHBCHYYI B RBTBDE, W RBTBDOPN NHODYTE, RTY PTDEOBI J LPTFYLE, B MBLPCHSCHI VPFYOLBI, VEMSCHI RETYUBFLBI have UPZMBUYS rTEDUEDBFEMS uPChNYOB mBFChYY chYMYUB mBGYUB J rTEDUEDBFEMS chETIPChOPZP uPChEFB mBFChYY lYTIEOYFEKOB, UELTEFBTS chETIPChOPZP uPChEFB uuut zPTLYOB, RTYUHFUFCHPCHBCHYYI ON RBTBDOPN LBFETE, RETEUEM About the bombopk of the Lbfy thood with Nymshztbchyu. RPDPKDS L Yenmeyuetrbmla, Nwn Pvobthtsimy h PDOPN YEY LPCHEKHEKHEKH, ODENOPP RPCTCDOOHKH Nyokh "RMH". Chistzyby NBFPUPH YUY TYZBDCH, h FPN Yuhme Naibyulpch, Hneuayia Pwtbebfsus at Radyanoshny Ltbobny. About VTyoeofe, LBDe Nambdeogb, Nyokh Puffptsop Prchufyimi on Lbfet, CHSCH MY TYTSULYK OBBMYCH, CHISTBEMY ON WITH CHAPTCHBMY. Châtshchchchki-Vushchem Shimschlp Umshoshknn, YuFP h Memoja Rpuhemlby Hufts-Dchyoule, Jestebs h Dpnbee Quickemifeme Ufelmb. NEO REDYSCHYMY LPMPUBEMSHOPCHP IUSEF, OP THLPCHPDFCHP MBFCHY, at LPFPTSCH NEOS LSKSUFE PUTHPEYSYY DTHPYE DTHSUFCEOUSEOUSEYSOPEYS, CHSMP NEOS RPD OBBEIFH I PRMBFYMP CHUE TPUIPDCH RP RTYYUYOVOSKHN RPCTCEDUAYASN. Chimyu Mbgiu DBCA RPDBTEM UPVTABEE Upiusoyeee at PCFPTBZHPN. LFP RTPYUYUFCHYE RPUFBCHIMP Rethy Okong Opochha Lambdbuh - RTP accounts Chu Thumbian television PF ZPTPDB DP CHISTPDB H OBBMICH. FTBMIFSh Omeshs - BFP Yutfb ZPTPDB, RPTFB, RPUMLPH. Chtshchechki about the disappearance of the NPSMY RTyyuyufsh VMShye RPCTCEDUYAS. Telyamy Punbftichbfsh in RTPYHPDYFSH RPYUL NYO about DEE PDPMBNY (LPP LIMPNEFTPCH 15 PF CEMEYPDTPTPTCP NPUFB H GEOFTE SPTPDB DP CHICHPDB H TйSULYK OBBMYCH). UPPTNTPCHBMY ZTHRRSH LBFETPH at the ChpdPambniy Obusum TBVPFH. OE Vehureyop. Chuzphhhhhhhhhhhhh Obecdea, Yuchmeyueeop th Hoyyufpzeop h Veasoning TBKPOBI PRPPMP 100 nyo. h Pveychtetsychyiy Bindy Nyo Dpeakpush Hubufchpchbfs ya. Obney Lushpm HufBopchmykmeop Communication of SydtpufBFB, about the LPFPTSK about the CHFE 10 Neftpch "Adjacity" Chfptyosek Defpobft Chtshchbfems. RTY Snhvyoy Noshovyk, Yuen 10 Nefteph, ZidtpufBF OST UTBVBFCHCM (NBMP DBCHMEYE), IPFS RTVPT UTPYUPUFY ITBFUFUFY IBRBMT UTBVBFSHCHBMY, CATSHCHB NEOP OE RTPYUPDYMP. FBLYE NEET OILLBEN FTBBME OE PveHTCHTCHBMYUS. LTPNE FPZP, H Umptsopn Nonibeuchny RTVPTPH UTPYUPUFY LTBFopUFUFI NOPZP RBKYY S OELPFFTCHI YUYY YUBUSCHESTE N'T BEBOBUTSMYUSH. About DBKhzbche Vushchy Umkhyuby, LPDB ChPDPMB PUPFBRMYCHBM NYOOK DMS RPDYENB, ISCHEY HER, KEUUFBM ON RPCHETOFUFSH KEUFBNY RPLBHCHBM: "UlPTEE RPDOINBKFE, Obubm Filbfs!". LFP Yobyuif - BTBTBVPBMY Yubushch. FBLYE NEOPE SKHUSLPK Pyhetted Nutrotegp Radoynbmi, about RPMOPN IPDH Wahluitfchbmüsh L of Restless Chtyshchb. LSSP OEULPMSHLP UMHYUBECH, LPDB OE HURCHBMY DPKFY B CHTSHCHBMBUSH H Rhfi. OP, UMBCB JPS, Zyvemey Madek Oe Lushm.
b FETSH PVTBFYNES L WESTBULPRPMA. Oengshch, Pfuhhrbs, Veurptsdyopop TBBTBushchbmus Nisch "RMH" h Zbchbosi, h FPN Yuyme h Lesbuphprmshulpk Vhifa. nPE HVETSDEOYE, YUFP MYOLPT "oPChPTPUUYKUL" RPDPTCHBMUS ON NYOE "RMH", PUOPCHBOP ON RTEDRPMPTSEOYY P FPN, YUFP LPZDB IN CHETOHMUS have NPTS J CHUFBM ON SLPTSH, OP YMY LPTRHUPN, YMY SLPTOPK Gershom RPYECHEMYM NYOH, YUBUSCH BTBVPFBMY, J YUETE OELPFPTPE CHTENS RTPYPYEM Chubysch. RPMKHYUOOBS Misolptpn RTPVPEOB BobMysyuob RTPVPyobn PF "RMH". B Rifachetechmus LPTBVMSH RPFPH, YuFP, Ltuochyushusch ZTUFB PUPPCU, according to Rapfetsm Pufpküchpuchpush. Eumy VSch hh Zbchboy Snhvyob VSBBB VMSHY, on the RBCBM VS LB LB RPRRambchpl. RPIPCYK UMHYUBK Inthene Revofp at VPMShoyn Fubolenpn No. 5 h Zhiblpn Obmich EEE h 1941 CPDX.
chURPNYOBS P UCHPEK UMHTSVE B VTYZBDE pchtB tYTsULPK VBSCH C IPFEM R ™ £ TBUULBBFSH P NPEK CHUFTEYUE B tYZE have oYLPMBEN zETBUYNPChYYuEN lHOEGPChSchN, LPZDB software UOSFSCHK have DPMTSOPUFY OBTPDOPZP LPNYUUBTB chPEOOP-nPTULPZP zhMPFB, TBTSBMPCHBOOSCHK DP LPOFT-BDNYTBMB, H 1948 ZPDH PFDSCHIBM B UBOBFPTYY ON Tytsulpn Chwnptsche h in spine NBKTY.
lB-FP on the RPchpuyum RP Femalpool Ubobfpts:
oYLPMBK oYLPMBEChYYu, OE NPZMY R ™ £ BL HOE RTYUMBFSH B nBKPTY LBLPK-MYVP OEVPMSHYPK LBFETPL have THMECHSCHN-NPFPTYUFPN, LPFPTSCHK IPTPYP OBEF Telhami mYEMHRH (YDEF CHDPMSH tYTsULPZP RPVETETSSHS), HOE IPYUEFUS RTPKFY RP mYEMHRE, CHPKFY B Telhami dBHZBChB, DPKFY RP OEK DP tYZY , RPUNPFTEFSH VKHIFH, FPTZPCHCP RPTF H Nymsschztbcheu in ChPCTBFIFSHUS PVTBFOP.
from the H-Pfchhefime, YuFP Lbfet VKHDAF, y with UBN RTydh h NBKPTY ON OUT, ChPShNh Espa Rlbtsch Chu, YuFP on Rpcembef. OilfBK Zetbinpchyu Obushum ChPTBCBFSH, DBC RPSFSFS, YUFP YEF OE IPYUFUS PFTSCHCHBF NEOS PF DEM PFDSHIBE (LSSP CPUULTEEEEHOHE). With Pupintem Yeh, YuFP UUFBA BB YUEUFSH UEE TB Chuftefshus RPZPCHPTYFSH in Oyn, DTHZPZP UKHYUBS NPCCF Y OE VSBFSH. B YUFP LBUBEFUS Lbfetb, with UBN VHDH about OEN, HTBCHMSFS HNEA, TV Toba, Nwby Vsden FPMSLP Chdchpen - By S. RPUME OELPFPTPSP UNHEEOOSS Oh. s. LHOOEGPCH UPRUMUS UP NOPK N RPrtPuim NEOS VSFSH HFBFulpn RMMFSHE.
rpvschbmi Nw in Oyn ChP Seli Yofteuhaia EZP is notific. With the Churchhrbm h TPMU иллulhutyuchpdb - TBKPU NEPT PTCPPN. NPOPSP Merine Demby, LPOeyop, P. Zhmpfa, Osprey Tbchyfiy.
rPUME FTEIUBUPCP RMBChobyum ChPCTBEBMYUS PVTBFOP RP Tele Mimeshre. OilPambk Zetboinpchyu Ulbbm, YuFP x Ozep ChPjoylmb Ydez OE YDFY DP NBKPTY, RPRTPUYM CHSHSKDYFSH EZP H RPPUMELLE DEFBTY, YEY LLPTPTPZP ON BABIPFEM RTPEIBFSH DP NBKPTY ON LEFBOYLYULE (OPP PDOB PUFBOPCHLB). RPDPEY L RITUH, Obbfen Rpymi about Cmeseopdptpsha Ufbogia Dyofbight. RP TBRUNUBYAYA DP RPDIPDB LMELFLYYYUY PUFBCHBMPUSH NYOF 15.
oilfbk Zetbinpchyu Ulbbm, YuFP YUKH Püheos Ipuehus Rifsh. RPSPDB LSKB TBTLBS. With RTadPampzimn Yebkfy h Ufbogypopop Lbz, chub X-shirting DPUFBPEOPA. By expressing. LPPB NSH ChPYUK, PVOBTHTSYMY, YUFP Chui Ufmpmili Kbosfshpsh Pzhygetbnj ZhptB (FPMSLP YUFP PERPOYMIMBUSHL TEREFYS RBTBDB H YuUFSP DOS OPOOP-NPTULPZP ZHPFB). Nwby Pufbopchyumyush h Odeayfemshopufi x Chipdb. RPUME OELPFPTPZP КНБЕYBFEMCHUFCHB PJYETSHKH Chue LLB PDYO Chufbmi H Rppesoye "Unitop", Huftnich Châchdzd about OilPMS Zetbinpchyubyub (Obpnoa, according to VSH, ФБФУльпна Лпуфена). FPF UNHFIMUS, RPVMPDBTYM PZHYGETPCH RTeadPzimm RTPKFY on RMBFZHPTNX.
nwby Khyschyy Ya Lbz, according to Chufbm about VKHZPTPL, Huftonight CHZHSD CHZHTUM HPTA. FBL NSHT RTPUFPSMA NPMYUB DP RPDIPDB RPPEB. RPRTPEBMYUS, th in the HEBM HBKTY.
fPF RYPD With PRYUBM LCA FPZP, YUFPVSCH RPLBBFSH, LBLYN VPMSHYYN BCHFPTYFEFPN RPMSHPCHBMUS ON ZHMPFBI CHSCHDBAEYKUS ZHMPFPCHPDEG, VPMSHYPK ZPUHDBTUFCHEOOSCHK DESFEMSH oYLPMBK zETBUYNPChYYu lHOEGPCh, URTBCHEDMYCHSCHK, BVPFMYCHSCHK, FBLFYYUOSCHK YUEMPCHEL, HNEAEYK CHOYNBFEMSHOP CHSCHUMHYBFSH CHUEI PF NBFTPUB DP BDNYTBMB, B RPUME URPLPKOP, OE FPTPRSUSH, Op Yeflp CholbbFSh Uchuchka.
usbats 1952 SPDB with UFBM Obubmshoylpn YFBVB 64-K LPTBVMEK Pytboch Chpdopzp TBKPOB, B Upd - Lfbodytpn Dychyji. LPNBodfchbm ZHPFPN BTUEYOK ZTYZPTSHEYA ZPMMPCHLP. Oprifdimyushch NSH WBMFykul (Vobchybs KBB RPPDCH philishes MPDPL Olenghech h Rymbhh) - LFP 50 LN PF LBMYOYOSTBDB (Z. Leoyzouvetz).
labdbuy Dyucheyy Rateroyee - H Rtyechha Pyhetted by Ftbmeoy Nyo, DPPTOBS Umkhtsvb, pubes of the RPPDZPFCLB MIYUPPSP UPUFBCH PVKHUFTPKUFCHP FETTYFTYY Y Uppthetsoyk Dychyji. RpuftMy Lbbtnh, Pfltschschk Lighopfabert, Oblumadbfemshop-Uzobmchoschochk. About TBTHEYOPK TBA TBI on the vehicles Chipdop pvbMP PVPTHDPCHBM RHOLF OBVMADEYASE TEZHMADEKHLY DCHYETSEYS LPTBVMEK I FTBURPTFFF, Umdohayi RP PP Lbobmh VBMFykul-Lbmoyoyotbd. y, lpoyoyop, Chpoufbachmeoa TBTHEOPDPCP ChpKopk ZPTPDB.