When to plant clover in fall or spring. Clover lawn, features and characteristics

Name	Clover	family legumes
Specifications	A perennial plant (some species are annuals), moisture-loving, but does not tolerate stagnant water, prefers slightly acidic and loamy soils; shade-tolerant red clover; white light-loving clover; green mass is not rough
What problems does it help to solve	Enriches the soil with nitrogen, protects the soil from wind and water erosion, improves its structure
Seeding rate	0.1-0.2 kg / weaving

Clover (legume family) is a perennial herb (some species are annuals), a well-known melliferous plant and green manure, a forage crop.

Description

The root system of the clover is pivotal, it develops faster than the aerial part. Stems grow up to 60 cm, dense greenery. The leaves are mostly trifoliate. Flowers in different species are red, white, less often multi-colored, can bloom in the 1st year. The flowers are small or even small, collected in the majority in the form of heads, often covered, especially at the beginning, by the upper or two upper leaves. Arrangement of flowers by umbrellas, brush, or rarely singly. The flower is built like a moth, nine of ten stamens grow together with filaments, and one remains free.

The fruit is a small bean containing one or two seeds, rarely more. This bean is opened late, sometimes it remains unopened at all. Small seeds are almost spherical or somewhat elongated.

A characteristic feature of clover is that the only pollinating insects that can pollinate it are bumblebees and bees. This feature plays an important role in clover fitness.

Clover is a honey plant. Clover honey is among the best. It is transparent, with a delicate aroma and delicate taste; upon crystallization, it forms a solid white mass.

In one place, perennial varieties can grow from 2-3 to 10-15 years. Clover roots carry a special kind of swelling, or nodules, on their branches, as is found in many other legumes, inside which special bacteria live ( Rhizobium leguminosorum or Bacillus radicicola), capable of retaining nitrogen contained in the air and transferring it to the plant in a form convenient for assimilation. This is how nitrogen accumulates in the soil where clover or other legumes grew.

Dignity

Clover enriches the soil with nitrogen, clover roots protect the earth from wind and water erosion, improve its structure.

They get hay from clover, use it as a honey plant, and strengthen the slopes.

Provides a good source of nitrogen replenishment. The cost recovery of cultivating it is higher than that of applying manure. Clover fixes nitrogen more than vetch, fodder beans, peas.

Growing

Clover is a perennial green manure. It is used in areas where planting of vegetables is not planned for 2 years. Clover as a siderat is planted in the garden between trees or in shaded areas.

Clover is a moisture-loving culture, but does not tolerate stagnant water. Sour and salty areas are not suitable for him. The best option is slightly acidic and loamy soils.

Clover is a good precursor for garden plants and crops that are demanding on the nitrogen content in the soil - eggplants, cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, strawberries.

Clover improves the living conditions of beneficial microorganisms that produce humus in the soil. Red clover is shade-tolerant, therefore it is used as a green manure crop in the garden. This property is also used when sowing other green manure under cover, such as vetch-oat mixture, winter rye, phacelia, white mustard.

Red clover is appreciated as a siderat for its ability to grow large amounts of greenery. While one cut per season is obtained from a white clover, the red clover yields from two to four cuttings. White clover like green manure is sown to cover the ground in lawns, while rapid reproduction is noted. This light-loving pasture plant is resistant to trampling.

Sowing dates

When sowing meadow clover as a siderat in spring and embedding in the first year of life, 2 times less nitrogen enters the soil than when seeding in the second year. Clover plant residues have a long-lasting effect. In the first year, crops use only 30% of nitrogen, in the second - 35%, and in the next two years - 25 and 10%.

It is advisable to sow red meadow clover in early spring, as it prefers lower temperatures in the first days of life. The green manure is sown in a scattering in moist soil to a depth of 1-2 cm. To increase the contact of seeds with the soil, it is rolled up before and after sowing. Seeds germinate in 4-5 days.

White clover is propagated by seeds and rooted shoots. Due to its fast rooting property, it is used to anchor slopes. Already in the first year it is able to bloom and give seeds. In clean crops, clover is white as a siderat, not tall, the bulk of greenery is in the surface layer. To prevent lodging, it is sown in a mixture with meadow timothy, phacelia, and spring cereals. The seeding rate of clover is on average 0.1-0.2 kg / weaving. For uniform and high-quality sowing, seeds are mixed in a 1: 1 ratio with river sand.

Cleaning times

It is recommended to embed the green mass in the ground before flowering, during the period of bud formation, when young plants are most rich in nitrogen. Microorganisms are good at processing green plant residues, accumulating mineral forms of nitrogen in the soil.

In the year of sowing, the first mowing occurs in July-August. To get a noticeable return from the siderat clover, it is grown for at least 4 months. If sowing occurs in August, it makes no sense to embed green manure in the soil in the fall. It is better to leave the green manure until spring as a winter plant. Frosts of meadow clover are not terrible, in spring the bushes will grow back and turn green. In May-June, the thick and juicy cover is cut to the root, and two weeks later, seedlings of vegetable crops are planted in this area.

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A genus of annual and perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Legumiosae). The Latin name of the genus is Trifolium, which means "shamrock".

There are about 300 known types of clover. More than 40 species of it grow in Ukraine. The leaves are trifoliate, and the inflorescences are globular heads, made up of many small red, white, pink or yellow flowers.

Many types of valuable forage grasses.

Clover habitat is predominantly temperate zone. Occurs in meadows, on forest edges, in steppe areas, in pastures, on roadsides, on river banks, in ditches, on the outskirts of fields.

As soon as this plant is not called by the people: red porridge, and redhead, and dyatnik, as well as honey color, shamrock, licorice, God's bread, scrofulous grass, elm, etc.

Since the times of Kievan Rus, the "stable" (clover in Ukrainian) has been used for fattening war horses and cattle. Clover flowers along with flax flowers can be seen on the state emblem of Belarus. And one of the most famous Belarusian songs is “Kasiў Yas kanyushynu”.

According to Western traditions, the four-leaf clover is considered a symbol of good luck.

Perennial types of clover are widespread: red or meadow clover (T. pratense), white or creeping clover (T. repens), pink, Swedish, or hybrid clover (T. hybridum). They are found as wild-growing species, and are also cultivated in fodder and field crop rotations. The most important hay and pasture crop is red clover, cultivated in almost all countries of Europe, America, Asia, and New Zealand.

T. hybridum, originally from Europe, is only slightly inferior to him in value.

The natural range of T. repens covers Europe and North America, it is grown on lawns and pastures.

Of the annual clovers, the following are of fodder value: Alexandrian or Egyptian clover (T. alexandrinum), incarnate clover, or crimson, crimson (T. incarnatum), Persian clover, or Shabdar (T. resupinatum).

Of the wild-growing clovers, the most common are: medium clover (T. medium), strawberry clover (T. fragiferum), etc.

The villagers have long noticed that cows prefer clover to all other grasses. After all, its leaves are especially nutritious and healthy due to their high protein content.

It is no coincidence that clover was one of the first fodder plants to be artificially cultivated back in the 14th century. It all began in Northern Italy, from where the culture came to Holland, and then to the banks of the Rhine. In 1633, meadow clover entered England. In Russia, it has been cultivated as a fodder plant since the middle of the 18th century.

The clover leaf was even chosen as a symbol of Ireland, this culture is so important for the animal husbandry of this country.

Clover is one of the best honey plants: its flowers emit a lot of nectar from May to late autumn. Bees collect up to 200 kg of honey from 1 hectare.

The nectar and pollen in small white clover flowers are shallow and accessible to bees. However, in other species of clover, pollen and nectar are stored at the bottom of the long narrow tube of the corolla and can only be reached by insects with a long proboscis. Therefore, the best clover pollinators are. The yield of seeds depends on their number during the flowering period of clover. Clover also benefits humans as a cure for many ailments: clover flowers have anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, expectorant, hemostatic, astringent, diaphoretic effects.

Due to such plant features as short stature (up to 10 cm), unusual structure of grass stand in the form of a mosaic, creep, white clover can be used to create flowering and just green lawns, planting under shrubs and trees, flower arrangements. This clover forms a picturesque solid due to the density of its trifoliate leaves and abundant white flowering (in the second year). The placement of the lawn on the site does not depend on the terrain. Light-loving clover is unpretentious to the soil, but does not tolerate stagnant water. It grows back quickly after cutting.

The green mass of clover is used as a green fertilizer - green manure - to increase soil fertility. The fact is that inside the root tubers of clover there are special symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria capable of retaining atmospheric nitrogen contained in the soil and transferring it to the plant in a form convenient for assimilation. When clover is plowed, the soil is enriched with nitrogen and humus.

Atmospheric nitrogen makes the green color of cereal grasses more saturated, increases the growth and number of shoots, and improves the decorative effect of the lawn. Due to its powerful root system (up to 45 cm) and the listed properties, creeping clover as part of grass mixtures is recommended for strengthening slopes, slopes and tinning wastelands.

Anastasia Rogach
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Latin name: Trifolium.

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Family: legumes (Fabaceae).

Homeland

Clover is widely distributed in Europe, Asia, North America, Australia and parts of Africa.

The form: annual and perennial herbaceous plants.

Description

Clover is an annual and perennial herb. The height of the plant depends on the species. The root system is pivotal, strongly branched, in some species it becomes woody. Clover is a herb on the roots of which nodules develop with the help of the bacterium Bacillus radicicola. Thanks to them, the soil is enriched with nitrogen. Shoots grow in bunches. Stems are erect, slightly pubescent. The clover leaf grows on a long petiole. Clover leaves are trifoliate, clawed or four-leafed. The leaf shape of the clover is elliptical. The color of the leaves is green with white. Inflorescences are spherical clover heads. The color of clover flowers depends on the species. The fruits are single-seeded beans. Clover seeds are small, spherical.

More than 250 types of clover are known.

(T. alpestre). Perennial. Height up to 45 cm. Stems are straight, branched, pubescent. The leaf of the clover is pubescent, with serrate or whole edges. The clover flower is light red. Blooms in June-July.

(T. ochroleucum). Homeland - Mediterranean. Perennial. Height up to 50 cm. Stems are erect, slightly pubescent, unbranched. The leaves are three-leafed, with whole edges, pubescent. The color of the flowers is yellow. Blooms in June and July.

Bolander Clover (T. bolanderi). Perennial. Stems glabrous, short. The leaves grow from the roots. The edge of the leaf is serrated. The clover flower is light purple or pink.

Clover Brandegi (T. brandegei). Homeland - Central America. Height up to 15 cm. Inflorescences are large. The color of the flower is pale pink.

Clover hungarian (T. pannonicum). Perennial. Height up to 80 cm. Stems are straight. The leaf of the clover is pubescent. The color of the flowers is pale yellow. Blooms in June-July.

(T. incarnatum). Perennial. Height up to 90 cm. The stem is straight, branched. The leaves are three-leafed. The color of the leaf is bright green. The clover flower is bright crimson.

Mountain clover (T. montanum). Perennial. Height up to 60 cm. Stems are straight, slightly branched, pubescent. The leaves are three-leafed, with a finely serrated edge. The color of the flowers is yellowish or white. Blooms from May to August.

Long-legged clover, or long-stemmed clover (T. longipes). Perennial. Height up to 30 cm. Creeping stems, pubescent. The leaves are three-leafed. The clover flower is pinkish yellow.

Coarse clover (T. hirtum). Height up to 30 cm. Stems are straight, densely pubescent. The leaf of the clover is pubescent. The color of the flowers is purple.

Strawberry clover (T. fragiferum). Perennial. Height up to 20 cm. Creeping stems. The leaves are green, without spots. The color of the flowers is white or white-pink. Blooms from June to October.

Chestnut clover (T. spadiceum). Annual. Height up to 30 cm. The stem is branched, glabrous. The leaves are three-leafed. Clover flower is golden yellow. Blooms from June to August.

Clover brown (T. badium). Perennial. Height up to 20 cm. Creeping stem, pubescent. The leaves are three-leafed, glabrous. The color of the leaves is yellow-green. The color of the flowers is golden yellow. Blooms from July to August.

Reddish clover (T. rubens). Homeland - Southern Europe. Perennial. Height up to 60 cm. Stems form a dense large bush. Each stem is covered with numerous leaves. The inflorescences are very large. The color of the flowers is reddish-crimson. Blooms in late June and early July.

Large-headed clover (T. macrocephalum). Homeland - the east coast of the United States, mountainous regions. Height up to 25 cm. Stems form a dense carpet. The color of the leaves is blue-green. The inflorescences are large. The color of the flowers is pink and grayish-white, with purple spots.

, or clover red (T. pratense). Homeland - Europe. Meadow clover is a perennial. Height up to 60 cm. Stems are erect, slightly pubescent. The leaves are three-leafed. The color of the flowers is lilac-red. Red clover blooms from July to August.

Lupine clover (T. lupinaster). Perennial. Height up to 50 cm. Stems are straight, pubescent in the upper part. The leaves are palmate, the edge of the leaf is sharp-toothed. The clover inflorescence of this species is umbrella-shaped. The color of the flowers is red-violet.

Clover small (T. nanum). Homeland - the south of the United States, mountainous regions. Dwarf species. The stems form a dense carpet. The flowering is very abundant. The color of the flowers is from pale pink to bright red.

Clover one-flowered (T. uniflorum). Perennial. Height up to 10 cm. Creeping stems. The leaves are three-leafed. The color of the flowers is lilac.

Open-mouth clover (T. apertum). Homeland - Caucasus, Asia Minor. Annual. Height up to 60 cm. Branched stems, pubescent in the upper part. The leaves are three-leafed, pubescent, with a finely toothed margin. The color of the flowers is yellowish-pink.

Clover parnassus (T. parnassii). Perennial. Height up to 20 cm. Stems are thin, branched. The leaves are three-leafed. The color of the flowers is pink.

Clover Parry (T. parryi). Homeland - the south of the United States, mountainous regions. Height up to 5 cm. The stems form a dense carpet. The color of the flowers is pink-violet.

Clover persian (T. resupinatum). Annual. Height up to 100 cm. Stems are straight, glabrous, slightly branched. The color of the flowers is pink-violet.

Clover underground (T. subterraneum). Annual. Height up to 50 cm. Creeping stems, branched, pubescent. The leaves are three-leafed, pubescent, the edge of the leaf is finely toothed. The color of the flowers is white.

Creeping clover, or clover white (T. repens). Homeland - Europe. Perennial clover. Height up to 40 cm. Stems are low, creeping. The creeping clover forms a dense bush. The leaves are three-leafed. The edge of the leaf is serrate. The color of the flowers is white, greenish and pinkish. Creeping white clover blooms from July to September.

(T. arvense). Annual. Height up to 35 cm. Stems are straight, branched, pubescent. Leaves with a jagged edge. The color of the flowers is whitish-pink.

(T. campestre). Homeland - Mediterranean. An annual, less often a biennial. Height up to 30 cm. The stem is creeping, branched, often pubescent. The leaves are three-leafed. The color of the flowers is yellow. Blooms from May to September.

Sprawling clover (T. diffusum). Annual. Height up to 60 cm. Stems are slightly branched, pubescent. The leaves are pubescent, the edge of the leaf is serrated. The color of the flowers is purple-pink. Blooms from May to June.

Clover pink, or clover swedish, or hybrid clover (T. hybridum). Perennial. Height up to 40 cm. Stems are weakly branched. The color of the leaves is light green. The color of the flowers is from white to pink. Pink clover blooms from May to July.

(T. dasyphyllum). Homeland - the south of the United States, mountainous regions. Height up to 15 cm. Stems form bunches or a carpet. The color of the leaves is blue-gray. The color of the flowers is pale yellow with purple-red tips. Blooms from July to September.

Doubtful clover (T. dubium). An annual, less often a biennial. Homeland - Mediterranean. Height up to 30 cm. Creeping stems, glabrous. The leaves are three-leafed, with a jagged edge. The color of the flowers is bright yellow. Blooms from May to September.

Clover medium (T. medium). Perennial. Height up to 40 cm. Stems are mostly unbranched, glabrous. The leaf edge is finely toothed. The color of the flowers is red. Blooms from June to September.

Clover similar (T. ambiguum). Homeland - the south of Ukraine and Russia. Perennial. Height up to 50 cm. Stems are straight. The leaves are three-leafed, with a jagged edge. The color of the flowers is from white to pinkish-red. Blooms in June-July.

Pacific clover (T. pacificum). Perennial. Height up to 50 cm. Numerous stems form a bush. The color of the flowers is pink-violet.

Clover angular (T. angulatum). Homeland - Caucasus. Annual. Height up to 40 cm. Stems glabrous. The clover leaf is small. The color of the flowers is pale red. Blooms in May.

Clover hadeni (T. haydenii). Homeland - the southeastern United States, mountainous regions. Height up to 5 cm. The stems form a dense carpet. The color of the flowers is reddish-white. Blooms from July to August.

Growing conditions

In general, growing clover is straightforward. Clover is unpretentious. Clover is a plant that needs moist, well-drained soils, preferring slightly acidic soils.

Widely used in ornamental gardening, white clover is very photophilous, does not tolerate shading.

Application

Clover is a lawn grass. Clover seeds are widely used in lawn mixtures to create flowering lawns. Lawn clover tolerates trampling well. Р “Р ° Р · РѕРЅ from clover after mowing grows very quickly.

White clover in the lawn mixture creates a very durable lawn that does not require mineral fertilization. White creeping clover does not need to be cut frequently. Numerous varieties of this type of clover have been developed, so that you can create a lawn with an optimal color.

Mountain types of clover are good for Р ° Р »СЊРїРёРЅР ° СЂРёСЏ. The decorative clover of these species is capable of creating a grassy carpet among the stones.

Clover is a nutrient-rich herb. The use of clover as a fodder plant is widespread.

Clover is used in folk medicine as a medicinal plant, especially red clover. Red clover is also a source of aromatic oils. The beneficial properties of clover have been known for a long time.

Clover is a honey plant.

Care

Clover prefers organic feeding. Some types of clover tend to grow aggressively and need to be weeded out periodically.

Reproduction

Clover propagates by seed. However, growing clover is more productive if you use purchased clover seeds rather than your own.

Sowing of clover is carried out in a weed-free РіСЂСРЅС ‚, since in the first year of life perennial clover is very vulnerable. Sowing of clover for the lawn is done in a mixture with other grasses, planting of one-year-old clover is carried out only in its pure form.

Diseases and pests

Clover most often suffers from slug attacks.

Popular varieties and shapes

Varieties and forms of creeping clover

Literature on the topic:

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Varieties and types of clover

Clover is a perennial medicinal plant that belongs to the legume family. The flower is not tall, does not exceed 50 cm, the leaves are triple, located on long petioles. Flowers of irregular shape, not large, pink or red, pulled into inflorescences in the form of a head. The root of this plant is taproot with small tubers at the ends of branched small roots. The seeds, when ripe, are located in a yellowish bean that grows instead of a flower.

Clover blooms in early May and blooms all summer until mid-September. Since its flowering is extended for a long time, it serves as a good honey plant. All parts of clover are healing raw materials. Flowers and leaves are dried in the shade.

The Mediterranean is considered the birthplace of clover. Now it grows throughout Europe. In Russia, it is distributed from its European part to the Kuril Islands. This medicinal plant can be propagated by dividing the rhizome or using seeds.

There are almost 300 plant species in the world, but on the territory of the former Soviet Union there were about 70 species. There are only a few species that can be talked about.

Red clover (red)

It is a perennial flower that grows from 15 to 50 cm in height, 55 cm when it grows surrounded by grass. Its leaves are triple and sometimes white specks are present on them. Flowers are usually red, but sometimes white.

There is a lot of protein in this plant and in agriculture it is grown as a valuable forage crop, which is used both in green form, and harvesting of hay from clover for feeding animals is carried out. All that remains after the threshing of seeds is then laid out in the fields and is a valuable nitrogen fertilizer, which significantly improves the chemical composition of the soil.

Creeping

It is a creeping perennial that reproduces by rooting internodes touching the ground. Reaches a height of 40 cm, blooms with white flowers, the leaves have a triple elliptical shape. Blooms all warm season until the frost.

It grows for a very long time in one place and in practice it is very difficult to remove it, since its rhizome and the aerial part of the plant recover very quickly. All these qualities help him to be the best honey plant and pasture culture.

It is also used to decorate plots and flower beds. Breeders have developed forms with red and white spots and variegated leaves, consisting of two colors of green - light and dark green.

Four-leaf

They have leaves of various color variations from burgundy to green. But their main distinguishing feature is the presence of four leaves instead of three. It is considered a lucky charm.

Planting and leaving

The cultivation of this plant is not particularly difficult. The main thing is to weed in time, so that beauty does not overgrow with weeds, if it is a flower bed, and water it in time in a drought.

Clover is an unpretentious plant that grows without any maintenance. But in order for the flowerbed to look well-groomed, it is necessary to prepare the ground by digging it up and fill it with organic fertilizers. You need to choose sunny places, since in the shade you will not get a solid carpet of flowers.

It is best to fertilize in the fall, since by the spring everything that did not have time to rot in fertilizers will rot and will not burn young plants. In the spring, urea can be added by scattering it over the surface of the earth.

The plant is transplanted in the fall, since the lack of heat makes it easier for it to take root in a new place. The transplant begins when the average daily air temperature no longer rises above 15 degrees Celsius. This is done so that the growth buds do not move into growth, otherwise they will freeze out during a cold snap.

Small grooves are made and either seeds or rhizome pieces are planted. When planting seeds in spring, the seeds hatch already on the seventh day and grow quickly, drowning out the weeds.

The plant needs regular shearing, since without it, after a while, it can capture the entire territory of the flower garden. Although it is a medicinal plant, it is also referred to as a weed plant.

The second reason for mowing a clover lawn is that it grows so overgrown that it becomes a haven for slugs that will creep from the flower bed throughout the garden. It follows from this that for the sake of prevention it is necessary to cut the thickets.

When the plant begins to gain flower buds, it is necessary to spray the planting from harmful insects. It is good to feed with wood ash during budding - this makes it possible to prolong flowering.

Useful properties of clover

This plant, like geranium, was known for its medicinal properties even to our great-grandmothers. But in our time it has found application in homeopathy and official medicine. They release from it:

• various medications;
• syrups;
• potions;

It is also an active ingredient that is included in various herbal preparations for the treatment of various ailments. The decoction can cure liver disease and biliary tract. Flowers remove various edema and inflammatory formations, and also improve the functioning of the whole human body.

The plant has anti-inflammatory properties, so decoctions are made from it to treat wet and dry coughs. On its basis, extracts are made for the treatment of more complex diseases, for example, bronchitis. With the help of an extract from clover, skin irritations and diathesis, abscesses and burns are treated. With the help of the plant, you can cure gout.

Since clover has an anti-sclerotic effect, it is used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. Also, a decoction of the plant increases hemoglobin and improves the condition of the veins.

The plant chemistry contains phytoestrogens that help women survive menopause and reduce the risk of osteoporosis. The leaf tea helps produce milk for lactating mothers who are breastfeeding.

Clover is also used in food preparation. Since this is a wonderful honey plant, the honey from it has a wonderful aroma and healing properties. This honey is used in the treatment of hypertension and atherosclerosis. It helps with coughs and purifies the blood after illness.

They also feed livestock with cut clover and add it when drying hay for the winter. After mowing the grass, the remaining rhizome accumulates nitrogen in the ground, which increases the fertility of the soil.

Contraindications

This plant is a good remedy for various ailments, but, like any useful plant, it has its own contraindications, so decoctions, syrups and ointments should be used only after a doctor's prescription.

All of these drugs are contraindicated for those who have the disease:

• Varicose veins or thrombophlebitis;
• With any form of cancer;
• People who have had myocardial infarction;
• During pregnancy;
• For stomach upset;
• If the patient has an individual intolerance to drugs prepared on the basis of clover.

If you use decoctions of this herb for too long, then in women it can cause temporary menopause, which will stop as soon as you stop taking this decoction. Do not take drugs with clover for children under the age of two.

Folk recipes with clover

Inflorescence tincture

Fill a tablespoon of dried flowers with 200 gr. boiling water and let it brew for about half an hour. Then we filter all the grass through cheesecloth or a strainer. This broth is taken half an hour before meals three times a day. One dose of admission is 70 g.

This broth is used for kidney ailments, urolithiasis and painful menstruation.

Tincture for menopause

By 3 tsp. dry chopped flowers add 200 gr. boiling water and let stand for about an hour. We filter, separating dry inflorescences from water, and drink 100 gr. four times a day 20 minutes before meals.

Tincture for hypertension and migraine

Pour 20 inflorescences with a liter of boiling water and let it brew for 15 minutes. Take 200 gr. three times a day for one month.

Clover rhizome decoction

It is necessary to grind 20 gr. dried roots and steam them 200 gr. hot water. After that, simmer them in a steam bath for about half an hour. Then squeeze out the roots and add boiling water up to 200 grams, since during the cooking process some of the liquid will evaporate.

Clover juice

The juice has a whole list of indications for use. It helps with asthma and bronchitis, and in case of poisoning, it cleanses the body. Also, masks made on the basis of such juice remove gray hair.

Collection and storage of clover

All plant species are harvested during the flowering period. At this time, it accumulates many nutrients in its stems. You need to start collecting after lunch or when the dew dries up. The collection points are selected far outside the city so that the plant is not affected by chemical emissions or gasoline vapors. It must be dried in the shade, as ultraviolet light destroys the beneficial properties of the plant.

• Even in the old days, clover was considered a symbol of the Holy Trinity.
• This flower is often used when drawing patterns in jewelry.
• Some European countries contain an image of a shamrock in their coats of arms.
• In the old days, amulets were made from the leaves of the plant in order to protect the owner from failures in business.
• The image of the flower is found on the coins of European countries.

Until now, psychics regard it as a magical plant with a warm aura. Clover has the patronage of all four elements, but most of all, Mercury draws its attention to it. And therefore, magicians often use it in the preparation of their tinctures. Although, what is true is true - after all, a useful plant that helps with many diseases.

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Where does clover grow?

The clover plant can be found on all continents of our planet, except for Antarctica. Feels good in the temperate zones of the continents, in northern Africa and even in Australia. Most often you can find him in clearings, forest edges and meadows. It grows well in cities as well. Few people are not familiar with this plant since childhood.

Healing properties of clover

Clover has anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, choleretic, diaphoretic, diuretic, hemostatic, expectorant, astringent properties and is used in the treatment of many diseases.

Clover is used internally in the form of decoctions, and lotions are made. This plant helps relieve inflammation in the body, cleanse the blood, relieve swelling and remove excess fluid from the body. helps with colds, headaches, atherosclerosis. And lotions can be used for wounds, burns, as well as skin diseases.

Clover honey is also very useful. however, it tastes very good and smells fragrant.

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Landing

In nature, this perennial plant does without weeding and feeding. Therefore, at home, there are no special problems with it - the clover is quite tenacious.

For landing, it is better to choose a well-lit place (slight shadow penetration is allowed).

Seeds are used for cultivation. You can collect them from biennial plants. But it is better to purchase it in a specialized store. Some gardeners share tall shrubs. But such plants do not take root well.

1. The soil should first be loosened and fertilized with organic substances.
2. For 1 sq. m. sown area requires about 335 seeds. It is better to soak the seeds for at least 1 hour before planting.
3. The planting material should be mixed in a large container with soil. And evenly spread over the entire area.
4. Then the seeds should be covered with a not very thick layer of earth (about 1 cm).
5. Water with a hose with a fine spray nozzle. The soil should be well moistened for 7 days.
6. The first shoots will appear in 2 weeks.

Manual seeding will not produce an evenly dense and even lawn. Clover is a perennial plant. But after 3 years it should be sown again.

Important! Planting should be done before mid-summer. Otherwise, the clover will not have time to gain a foothold before the cold snap.

Home care

Sour clover (oxalis, clover of happiness) pleases with its flowering in winter. Quite unpretentious in the care.

Where to place

The flower will feel best in a well-lit place. The light should be distributed evenly over the entire surface of the plant. With a lack of light, oxalis ceases to bloom. And soon dies.

Optimum temperature

The plant should not be placed in areas with drafts. With regular watering and fertilization, a temperature of 20 to 24 degrees is suitable for the acid.

Important! During rest, the temperature should be reduced to 18 degrees.

Subtleties of care

For the plant to grow well, it must be watered abundantly and sprayed on the leaves. These conditions are especially important during the period of active growth and the appearance of flowers.

All species need regular fertilizing with mineral fertilizers and loosening.

Growing

Clover is the most unpretentious plant. The main thing for him is a good constant soil moisture. The plant should be watered once every 7 days. Excessive moisture can negatively affect the plant. Therefore, watering should be moderate.

The shamrock releases nitrogen on its own. Therefore, it does not need a lot of fertilizers. Sometimes your clover lawn needs to be thinned out a little. It is better to plant it in areas where cereals or potatoes previously grew.

Important! Clover is considered an effective remedy for all cancers.

How to care

Although clover is an unpretentious plant, it also needs minimal care.

1. Manure should be applied in the fall.
2. Before sowing seeds, the soil must be flavored with fertilizers based on phosphorus and potassium.
3. If the soil is podzolic, care should be supplemented with boron fertilizers. They are used for spraying when the plant begins to bloom.

What types are there

In nature, there are almost 320 varieties of clover. Many species are successfully used not only as a forage crop, but also as an original decoration of the landscape.

Red clover (meadow)

It belongs to the early maturing varieties - it blooms from early spring to late autumn. It has round leaves and bright pink inflorescences. The plant contains a lot of protein, therefore it is a nutritious food for animals.

The most popular is its variety Trio, Ermak and Mereya.

Three-leaf clover (creeping)

A perennial plant that blooms from late spring until the first frost.

Long-liver among all species - can grow for about 10 years. Has increased resistance to trampling. There are several varieties:

• "Dark dancer" - bright burgundy leaves with a green border create an interesting contrast with white flowers;
• "Dagon's blood" - a red spot located on almost white leaves;
• "Green ice" - variegated leaves, one part of which is colored light green. And the other has a dark shade.

The most famous plant species. Has 4 leaves.

Important! Clover can be used in cooking. Quite an original salad is made from rice and clover leaves.

Planting in autumn

For the clover to take a good start, it is worth waiting for a warm autumn day. The air temperature should be within 15 degrees. Otherwise, the sprouts will appear very quickly, and frost will destroy them.

3 parts of clean river sand should be added to the seeds. Make shallow seed furrows (no more than 3 cm), the distance between which should be more than 10 cm.

In the spring, when the temperature rises above 5 degrees, the plant will enter the stage of active growth. He will need fertilizer in the form of liquid manure.

1. For 50 liters of water, 17 kg of fertilizer will be needed.
2. Stir and leave for 7 days.
3. Then it should be diluted with water in a ratio of 1 to 5.

When the first buds appear, it is necessary to spray the plant with any drug against pests.

Important! For long-lasting flowering, clover can be fed with ash.

Landing before winter

This plant is a good siderite, enriches the soil with nitrogenous compounds. Therefore, they are planted before winter to improve the composition of the soil.

Clover roots penetrate quite deep into the ground. That allows you to saturate it with air and moisture.

Clover has a long vegetative life. Therefore, it is possible to mow for fertilization both during the formation of buds and earlier, while the stems are soft. But if the deadline is missed, fertilization will not work.

Planting in the garden

Clover is a great alternative to the classic green lawn. It is quickly fixed, creeping stems cover the lawn with an even carpet. The lawn is bright and natural.

Important! Looks good as a decoration for alpine slides and rockeries.

Clover, like lawn grass, has a number of positive aspects:

• he is unpretentious, endures a changeable climate;
• It does not require special care;
• perfectly fertilizes the soil, making it favorable for planting cultivated plants;
• attracts insects for pollination;
• Proper care allows the lawn to maintain its attractive appearance for up to 8 years.

Important! Better to use white clover seeds for your lawn.

The lawn should be trimmed in time. And make sure that snails and slugs do not multiply in it from the constant high humidity.

Clover is very common in Russia. Whole pastures and meadows were sown with clover in order to prepare them for animal feed. But there are many ornamental types of clover that are planted on lawns, lawns, alpine slides and rockeries.

In Latin, clover is called Trifolium - "shamrock". And the leaf with four plates, which is occasionally found in the trefoil species of clover, is considered a symbol of good luck. However, there are types of clover in which all the leaves are quadruple. The clover leaf is the emblem and national symbol of Ireland, and in Russia it is considered a symbol of the Trinity.

On our site, this culture grows wild. Clover is very fond of our rabbit, but this plant is useful not only for a rabbit. The soil receives nitrogen from it, which is accumulated in the nodules on the clover roots by special bacteria.

Clover belongs to the legume family, its flowers are small, in the form of a round fluffy head of yellow, pink, white, red.

Planting clover

Clover grows in a wild state wherever possible, from this we conclude that it is very unpretentious to care and tenacious. However, if you want a flat and healthy clover rug, it is best to choose the most suitable spot and prepare it for planting.

Clover can grow in the shade and in the sun, but subject to sufficient moisture, as it is very dependent on moisture. Loves slightly acidic and neutral soil, rich in fertilizers. Grows well after cereal predecessors. Deep plowing or digging, removing weeds is required before planting.

Clover propagates by seeds, which are sown to a depth of about 3 cm. It is recommended to collect seeds from second year plants, they are more mature and tenacious.

Clover care

Clover care will be reduced to loosening the soil, removing weeds, fertilizing with fertilizers.

Watering for clover is extremely important. All species are water dependent and need it. Meadow clover is very sensitive to overflow, which is negative for it. Pink refers to overflows normally, it can grow on soils with a close occurrence of groundwater. White does not react to overflows as well as meadow, but also not as neutral to them as pink. But underfilling is unfavorable for all types of clover.

Now let's deal with fertilizers:

1. In autumn, manure is introduced for digging (in the fields, it is brought under a cover crop for winter crops). The introduction of organic fertilizers in the fall, and not just before planting in the spring, has a positive effect on the yield.
2. Before planting, add phosphorus-potassium fertilizers to the soil.
3. In the case of podzolic soils, boric fertilizers are also applied, spraying the plants at the beginning of flowering.

If you want to collect clover seeds, select several large, brown heads, peel off excess husk, dry for a week in a dry, warm place without direct sunlight, after which the seeds are placed in a box for storage until planting.

Types and varieties of clover

There are about 300 types of clover. In our country, the most popular and most common is meadow clover,
he has lived with us for about 200 years and many new varieties have been obtained with his help. It is this species that is used everywhere for livestock feed. He inhabits not only meadows and fields, but also mountainous regions.

Red clover (Trifolium praténse)

White clover, aka creeping (Trifolium repens)

Perennial plant about 40 cm in height with a low creeping stem, trifoliate leaves, rounded. It grows in pastures and meadows in the wild; when planted in a garden or fields, it is often used in a mixture with various types of clover and wheat. Very tenacious, endures everything: trampling, frost. The disadvantage of this species is the rapid growth and clogging of some plants in the flower garden.

Clover, popularly called the shamrock, is a perennial plant in the legume family. The plant is presented in the form of three emerald-colored leaves with a small spherical flower. If you adhere to the correct technology for planting it, as well as take care of it later, then a blooming lawn will delight you every year with an even and soft carpet. To do everything right, consider the detailed instructions: how to plant white clover for the lawn? Simple tips and some nuances from specialists will allow you to get a green carpet as a result of the work done.

Advantages and disadvantages

• an overwhelming property will lead to the death of other flowers;
• rapid growth in all directions (clover is dominant);
• moisture retention leads to slipperiness - walk on it carefully.

Landing technology

As already mentioned, a tenacious plant does not require weeding or feeding. But, if you want to get a smooth and beautiful thick carpet, you should consider a few recommendations. So, among the preparatory work, you should correctly determine the place. The best option is a sunny lawn or partial shade. Seeds are purchased in a specialized shop of gardeners and gardeners: about 300 grains are used for 1 m 2. Planting is recommended in spring or early summer.

1. As in the case of a regular lawn, in order for the seeds to take root well and quickly, remove the top layer of soil (up to 5 cm) and level the area.
2. Fast sprouting will provide a simple 1 hour soak before direct sowing. Also, the seeds can be mixed with a small part of the soil, and then scattered evenly over the area.
3. To prevent the birds from eating the grains, a thin layer of soil (about 1 cm) is poured on top.
4. It is recommended to use the fine rain nozzle for watering, as the strong pressure will wash away the white clover seeds or flood them. Soil moisture should be kept for 7-10 days. The possibility of walking on the lawn is excluded. Shoots should appear in 15 days.

Important! Clover grows well in an area where cereals were previously grown.

Care

The unpretentiousness of the plant reduces all conditions for caring for it. So, only watering is included in the basis. Prolonged droughts can negatively affect the growth of your white clover lawn. At the same time, severe waterlogging will also be destructive. Experienced gardeners recommend watering once a week, provided that there was no rain during these days.

You can trim the clover as desired - as the plant grows. In this case, it is recommended to use a trimmer, after which the lawn will quickly recover and bloom profusely. Keep a close eye on the growth of the lawn, it is better to limit it, as it will be difficult to remove the white clover.

Important! The shamrock easily tolerates sudden changes in temperature, but when the heat is high, additional watering should be carried out.

Video: white clover instead of lawn grass

Clover is a valuable 2-3-year-old legume fodder, and more recently an ornamental plant. Clover grows naturally and is also cultivated in the fields for use in crop rotation. Moisture-loving plant, but does not tolerate excess moisture.

Clover is sown on irrigated cultivated pastures in the Northern, Central, Western and Southern (delta) zones.

Most often 2-3 types of clover are sown on the site: meadow (red), creeping (white) and less often pink clover.

When sowing in early spring, clover shoots appear on the seventh to tenth day. The root system, stems and leaves develop rapidly. In the first year of the growing season, plants cover the soil surface with foliage, drowning out weeds, which contributes to a better formation of the crop. On irrigation in a year of sowing, clover gives 270-400 centners per hectare of green mass, on dry land 100-130 centners / ha.

In various zones, the most productive is the localized Abadzekhsky local variety.

The technology for growing clover is similar to that for growing alfalfa. Crops are placed in field, fodder and rice crop rotations. The best predecessors are winter and spring crops.

Fertilizers for clover are applied before the growing season in doses N 60-90 P 60-90 K 60

The basic and pre-sowing tillage is the same as for alfalfa.

The best sowing period is early spring - March-April. The seeding rate in pure form is 12-14 kg / ha, or 7.0-8.2 million grains (field germination is usually 46-57%).

When plowing pastures, bare sowing is also recommended. To cereal mixtures (20-25 kg / ha) 3-4 kg / ha of clover seeds are added (total sowing of 16.5-18.4 million seeds per 1 ha). Autumn crops can be laid under the cover of winter barley and wheat of zoned varieties at the time of sowing winter cereals.

The seeding rate of clover cover crop is 100-120 kg / ha, its seeds are planted to a depth of 5-6 centimeters. Then a mixture of cereal grasses (20-25 kg / ha) and clover (3-4 kg / ha) is sown separately in the same field to a depth of 2-3 cm.

Clover care consists in timely watering (with soil moisture content of 75-85% HB) and nitrogen fertilization during the growing season. In the second year of the growing season, nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers are applied at the rate of N 60-90 P 60-90.

Phosphate fertilizers are applied in early spring in one dose, and nitrogen fertilizers are applied at the same time in two or three doses after the second and third mowing in equal doses. The methods and timing of harvesting are the same as for alfalfa.

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Reviews and comments: 8

When the site is no longer used, the most vicious weeds grow on it: sow thistle, quinoa, thistle, wheatgrass, ragweed, marsh, etc. Under these powerful plants, the earth does not rest, but is depleted. No wonder the fertility of the raised deposit is much lower than that of virgin meadows.

If, for some reason, you have to abandon the cultivation of the garden for several years, you should not just leave the land without care - plant it with perennial grasses. Clover is the best choice, especially the smaller varieties of white and pink. In the 1st year, he will create a dense turf that will suppress the growth of weeds. The playground overgrown with low clover looks neat, and even smartly during the flowering period.
Like all legumes, clover has nitrogen-fixing bacteria on its roots, so it does not drain the soil. The aboveground part of the clover is rather soft; during the winter it decomposes well, fertilizing the soil with itself.
Clover forms a dense turf, but there will be no big difficulties with re-developing the garden. It is enough to turn the turf over in the fall and in the 1st year do not plant root crops on these beds, preferably potatoes and pumpkin seeds.

To answer

I want to sow clover in spring - they say it drowns out well - weeds in the aisles. But which one is better to choose: white or red? I heard that red grows tall (up to 70 cm) and spreads a lot. Is it so? When is the best time to sow clover? Perhaps it is better to sow other grass between the rows to drown out the weeds?

To answer

• Your fears about red clover are not in vain. From my own experience, I can say that this is far from the best option for weed control. You simply "present" the plot with red clover, because it really spreads strongly and quickly.
  As for the white clover, the situation is not much better. It reproduces independently and no less actively than red, however, only on acidic and infertile soil. And on ordinary, normal, it grows weakly, and weeds may well displace it from the site.
  As for sowing other grass, I recommend sowing green manure between rows - they will protect from weeds and fertilize the soil. For example, mustard (it perfectly inhibits the growth of many weeds, including bindweed), oats and wheat (inhibits most weeds, but it is important to mow them before the ears form). And buckwheat, in addition to the ability to displace weeds, is also a good honey plant. Or as an option - dahlias, few people know that they are successfully fighting wheatgrass.

  To answer

Clover instead of dung
You can improve soil fertility by buying manure. But the bear loves to settle in it, and such fertilizer is not cheap. I sow clover, because this green manure also enriches the land very well.
On its roots are nodules that accumulate nitrogen. In addition, it is found in large quantities in the green mass of clover.
I sow seeds at the end of April, and if there is not enough time in the spring, then I postpone this work to June. By this time, greens and radishes have already been removed. If the strawberry plantation is 4 or more years old, at the end of June I collect berries from it and plow it. I sow these vacated lands with clover seeds. I just scatter them over the dug-up area, then roll or sprinkle with soil 2 cm.
Clover is hygrophilous, therefore, it is mainly sown in early spring, when there is still a lot of melt water in the soil. But even with summer crops, the result is no worse if the plantings are additionally watered.
I mow the clover before flowering. Throughout the summer, I harvest the green mass for composting, and dig up this area in October. Clover makes the soil looser. After this green manure, any vegetable crops grow and bear fruit well.

To answer

Once every 2 years I leave for a month in the summer to visit my parents in another city. In the "off-site" seasons I do not plant anything at my dacha, but so that the plot does not stand idle, I sow it with clover. It restores fertility, improves soil structure, is a good predecessor for many crops, and also decorates the site.
I usually choose varieties that are resistant to excess moisture, since my site is located in a rather low place. For example, I sow creeping clover. By the way, he also tolerates drought very well. This species can grow in one place for 7-9 years and is undemanding to the soil. Relatives with children sometimes come to my dacha. Kids love to play on the lawn, and this clover does not lose its appearance, no matter how much you trample on it.
I also often sow hybrid clover. He is also undemanding to the soil, tolerant of drought, not afraid of cold weather. But I sow it only where there is no stagnation of water - it does not tolerate flooding.
Another plus of clover is that it is an excellent honey plant. When my plot is sown with clover, my neighbor beekeeper has a holiday. As soon as I return from my parents, a jar or two of delicious viscous honey falls from this holiday!

To answer

A long time ago I read in old newspapers about an American farmer who sowed a clover-cereal mixture under cabbage in order to reduce the number of pests attacking cabbage. I caught fire with this idea, because many natural enemies of caterpillars and fleas live in the clover carpet. I learned that it is preferable to use a short white clover that does not drown out the cabbage.
Last spring, I sowed white clover in 6 beds and lettuce in the other 6 beds. By the time the cabbage seedlings are planted, seedlings have already appeared. I planted cabbage, making a small hole with a scoop. The shoots of lettuce and clover were almost unaffected. The lettuce grew very quickly and soon covered the soil tightly, drowning out the weeds. Around the cabbage plants, I pulled out the lettuce and left it right there, covering the soil. The cabbage grew quickly, the clover lagged behind, we had to weed out the weeds in it, but soon it grew, covering all the soil. The soil under the lettuce and clover was always moist and lumpy.
And here's what happened. The crop was harvested as usual, but the cruciferous flea did not damage the cabbage. There were a lot of caterpillars in the lettuce beds, but I also found the wasp's egg-laying on the leaves. On the beds with clover, there were few caterpillars, although all the beds were nearby.
Last year, the cabbage switched to another plot according to the crop rotation, and I only sowed clover. The summer was dry, but the clover-covered cabbage beds required less watering.

To answer

To feed domestic animals with green grass, many grow fodder plants on their plots. And how much can you grow on one hundred square meters?
I use a proven method: I sow not one fodder crop, but several. At the same time, I select in such a way that they stimulate each other's growth. For sowing I take sunflower, corn, sugar sorghum, Sudanese grass and soybeans. The green mass of such a mixture is very tender and juicy, however, subject to regular watering. I sow the mixture in late April - early May (in the northern regions it is necessary to sow in mid-May). For one hundred square meters I take 0.4 kg of Sudanese grass seeds, 0.1 kg of sweet sorghum, 0.02 kg of sunflower and 0.6 kg of corn and soybeans. I close the seeds to a depth of 3-4 cm in rows. It is these, very different from each other
plants sown together in botanical and biological characteristics create a solid wall, as each of them seeks to overtake the other in growth. I harvest the green mass in late June - early July. For the first mowing from one hundred square meters, I get at least 700 kg of greenery. Sudanese grass and sorghum are the first to grow, which gives another 200 kg of green mass in August, and the third cut falls on the end of September, and this is even more than 200 kg of excellent forage. Thus, from one hundred square meters I get more than a ton of green mass per season.
It is advisable to sow seeds in three periods with an interval of ten days. For this, I allocate three beds of one hundred square meters. Then the green mass is enough for the current feeding, and for harvesting for the winter.

To answer

projectrussia.ru

Clover: varieties and varieties

Clover has more than 300 species, but most of them are distributed on other continents. On the territory of the CIS, you can find about 70 species of clover growing in the wild. Only three of them have been cultivated:

1. Clover red... The most common type of clover in existence. The strong roots of this plant penetrate up to 2 m deep, due to which the plant has an increased resistance to drought and low temperatures. Very well pollinated and is an excellent honey plant.
2. The clover is pink. It differs from red in small growth and pink flowers, collected in inflorescences-heads on elongated legs. Possesses high cold resistance. In one place it grows for 7-8 years, if conditions are favorable. It prefers to grow in peat soils and in lowlands.
3. Perennial with creeping stems. The roots of white clover, in contrast to red, are deepened by only 30-35 cm. Possesses high seed germination. Patterned leaves form a thick carpet on the surface.

Planting white clover outdoors

White clover is photophilous and can wither away in shaded areas. It is worth considering this when choosing a landing site. Also keep in mind that this plant grows quickly and takes up all the free space on the site. Therefore, it is preferable to plant it separately from plants with a weak root system. Clover is undemanding to the soil, but it does not tolerate stagnant water well.

Clover is sown in open ground from April to June or in autumn, when the average daily temperature is about 10-13 ° C. This temperature promotes better rooting.

Advice. It should be remembered that in autumn the grass germinates more slowly, therefore it is necessary to sow clover at such a time that the young growth has time to reach 7-10 cm before the first frost.

November is considered an unfavorable time for planting, because a large number of seeds may die, and the rest will sprout unevenly.

If the weather is dry during the sowing period, then in a day it is necessary to water the area of ​​the future garden well. It is not recommended to deepen the seeds by more than 1.5-2 cm, otherwise their germination decreases. To visually determine the seed density, you can add sand to the clover seeds in a 1: 1 ratio. After sowing, you need to roll the seeds with a roller. Can be mulched with a thin layer of peat.

Clover begins to bloom only in the second year of life. However, it blooms twice: from May to July and from August to November. Therefore, after the clover has faded for the first time, it is recommended to mow it. This will make your garden tidier and allow the clover to bloom a second time.

Plant care

This perennial plant does not need special care. Moreover, it will tolerate drought well, in the event of a prolonged absence of rain and additional irrigation. Clover is resistant to trampling. If children often frolic on your site, then this is an ideal plant that will continue to grow calmly even after it is a little bit crumpled.

Clover must be cut regularly if you do not want it to fill all the beds around, because it is not for nothing that clover is classified as a weed. To stimulate re-flowering, it is necessary to remove withered and dried flowers. Do not allow waterlogging, this can provoke culture diseases and insect attacks, such as slugs.

Fertilizing and feeding clover

Since clover itself is a soil-improving plant, it does not require additional fertilization during cultivation.

You can add manure in the fall when digging the beds for planting. And immediately before planting, the soil can be enriched with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers. If it seems to you that the clover does not bloom luxuriantly enough, try spraying with boron fertilizers.

Plant propagation

Clover is considered a self-propagating plant. Most often, gardeners have to think not about how to propagate a plant, but about how to slow down its growth. Clover reproduces both self-sowing from seeds and vegetatively - by ground shoots that root well.

Diseases and pests

If the clover bed is not trimmed, then over time it can thicken and turn into the abode of slugs and snails, because in dense thickets there is often high humidity. In addition, excess moisture can lead to fungal infections. As a preventive measure, the clover lawn must be mowed periodically.

White clover creeping in landscape design

Clover is considered a rather aggressive plant, therefore, when grown outdoors, many gardeners advise not to combine it with flowers with a more fragile root system. Clover simply will not let the neighbors develop and "crush" them in the garden.

Clover is most often used in landscape design to create a "carpet" between trees in not too shaded areas. Due to its resistance to trampling, it is planted in sports and playgrounds. In mixed lawns, clover increases the resistance of cereals (especially ryegrass), their growth is improved, thereby giving a rich color to the lawn.

Clover's strong root system helps to strengthen slopes and slopes, which is why they are often planted on sloping surfaces. Clover looks best in large areas.

If you have a lot of free space on your site, and you don't know how to decorate it, plant a clover. In a short time he will create you a beautiful emerald carpet that will bloom from spring to late autumn with white fragrant flowers. With proper care and regular haircuts, it will delight you for many years.

How to sow clover: video

dachadizain.ru

Red clover, plant description

Clover grass is a perennial plant reaching a height of 15-25 cm. The root system is well developed, taproot, branched, has nodule outgrowths. The axils of the basal leaves of the clover produce stems topped with shaggy spherical buds.

The foliage of the plant folds with the arrival of darkness, thus retaining twice as much moisture. The leaves have a triple-complex shape, are located on short petioles, lengthening the height of the stem.

Clover bloom begins in May and June. The flowers are rounded, often of different shapes, pink, red, white and speckled in color, do not exceed 1.5 cm in size, are arranged in the form of capitate inflorescences. Clover fruits can be called ovoid beans, with very small brown seeds. The clover flower is a popular choice for decorative lawns.

The place of growth of meadow clover is still Europe, Russia, Asia.

Healing properties of clover and chemical composition

Clover is the concentration of many medicinal, tannins, esters, glycosides, tripolin, organic acids (such as coumaric, salicylic and ketoglutaric), and also absorbed resins and vitamins, isoflavones, thiamine and sitosterol.

During flowering, the ground part of clover contains more than 25% protein, 2% vegetable fats, 0.02% carotene, about 0.13% ascorbic acid, more than 1.4% free amino acids, as well as calcium and phosphorus.

Clover flowers in a larger proportion contain: flavonols (pratoletin, kaempferol and quercetin), isoflavones (genistein and formononetin), and the ester content exceeds 0.05%, of which a large proportion is for coumarin.

The foliage has absorbed maakiain, which has an antifungal effect. Clover roots accumulate about 125 kg during the growing season. nitrogen per hectare. Clover seeds contain about 15% fatty oils.

Clover-based preparations are presented in the form of dietary supplements, preparations and teas. Indications for use of these are: anemia, inflammation of various etiologies, painful menstruation, inflammation of the urinary tract, uterine bleeding, diseases of the upper respiratory tract, and also as a prophylactic agent for atherosclerosis and inflammatory processes in women.

Outwardly, clover infusions are used to disinfect and quickly heal abrasions, relieve swelling after bruises and for rheumatic aching pains. Herbalists advise using meadow clover juice to get rid of foot fungus, inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx, ear and abscesses.

Modern pharmacology obtains biologically active vitamin supplements from clover leaves. Clover is included in various medicinal herbal compounds and teas.

The juice squeezed from the leaves of meadow clover is used for eye inflammation, dried clover flowers were used by herbalists as a diuretic, to increase appetite, for the treatment of tuberculosis, whooping cough and herpes.

Variety of clover

Clover makes up a fairly extensive group of varieties that differ in shape, purpose, size, flowering time and botanical characteristics, the most striking representatives can be called:

Meadow clover one of the representatives of legumes, grows in the form of a perennial spreading bush up to 35 cm high. The leaves are triple, wide, with triangular stipules. Flowering begins in the southern regions in May, in the northern ones in June. The flowers are small, moth-like, spherical, bright pink in color.

Growing places meadows, fields, forest edges, woodlands.

White clover or creeping clover, bushy herb, with creeping shoots, trifoliate leaves, oval-ovoid. Flowering begins in May-June, the lifespan of the peduncle is about one and a half weeks. The flowers are spherical, about 1.5 cm in size, moth type. Plant height reaches 15 cm.

Creeping clover is used as a decoration for lawns.

The plant is unpretentious. It grows quickly and does not require painstaking care.

Pink hybrid clover, a herbaceous shrub with trifoliate leaves and globular inflorescences. The species got its name due to the shade of the caps of the inflorescences. Foliage of "classical" complex shape, trifoliate on short petioles. The plant grows up to 45 cm, unpretentious and drought-resistant. In the wild, it is found in meadows and along the banks of water bodies.

Alpine clover, possesses a powerful root, is deeply embedded in the ground. It grows up to 40 cm, has rather large stipules and leaves impressive for clover, located on short petioles.

The grass is grown for silage, and as a crop - green manure. Resistant plant does not require additional maintenance and grows well in all types of soil.

Cultivated clover, in the common people is called "cat". It is an annual plant, represented by a sprawling lush shrub, with a straight stem and trifoliate, carved foliage.

It blooms in May, the inflorescences are represented by pale, pink, globular heads. The stem height does not exceed 25 cm, the plant perfectly adapts to weather conditions and tolerates drought well.

Cup clover, a species that includes several subspecies, of different shapes and sizes. It is often found, grows up to 45 cm, unpretentious. It has large carved oval-shaped leaves, collected in three on one short petiole. The inflorescences are large, about 5 cm. The color of the flowers is different, from milky to purple.

Cup-shaped fruits are small capsules with seeds inside.

Multifoliate clover, a perennial herb, with a developed root system, represented by a taproot. Unpretentious, stable and tenacious. Produces a large number of peduncles, blooms from May to June. The foliage is located on short stalks. Inflorescences are umbellate, fluffy, from pink to dark purple. It grows up to 35 cm.

Growing clover

After several years of active cultivation of tuber crops in the same area, its depletion occurs, and in order to replenish the supply of nutrients, one should resort to sowing green manure crops such as clover.

Clover is also great as a mulch, after mowing and chopping, it is enough just to scatter the chopped green mass over the area and the soil is no longer threatened with cracking, it remains moist and loose for a long time.

For sowing clover, you need to prepare the seeds and cultivate the soil, plowing and harrowing is enough. Clover is a herb that does not require maintenance, it grows well on any soil, except for salt marsh and "acidic" soils. It grows quickly, easily tolerates bad weather.

It is sown mainly in cultivated areas for pastures and as a green manure culture. In this case, business executives give preference to three types of clover: meadow, creeping white or pink.

The agricultural technology of growing clover does not differ from the technology of sowing perennial grasses; sowing is carried out in field and fodder crop rotation. Cereals and root crops are considered the most suitable predecessors.

Sowing times vary from the sowing zone; in the southern regions, sowing can be started in March, with rates of about 13 kg. per hectare of area, this is approximately 8.5 million seeds, at a given rate, field germination is more than 58%.

With early sowing, the first shoots of clover will appear in a week, and the pores will begin to develop rapidly. In the first phase of growth, the root system is actively developing, it will have a beneficial effect on the composition of the soil, while completely drowning out the appearance of weeds. With sufficient moisture for a productive year, up to 450 centners can be obtained from clover crops. greenery per hectare.

As for care, clover practically does not need it, but if the grass is grown for feed, it must be juicy and there must be a lot of it, therefore, it is necessary to introduce mineral fertilizers and nitrogen during the growing season of the plant.

Autumn sowing of clover can be laid under the cover of winter crops of barley or other cereals at the time of sowing winter crops.

The sowing rate under cover is considered to be 125 kg. per hectare of arable land, the depth of planting is from 5 to 6.5 cm. After that, in a separate method on the same area, with a depth of 2.5 cm, cereal grasses of about 22 kg are sown. per hectare of sown area.

Clover does not require special care, the entire vegetative process requires only watering. A powerful root system clogs up any weeds, but needs moisture. Watering in dry regions should be done at least once a week.

In the second year of crop life, for more juicy and lush greenery, it will not be superfluous to apply nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Phosphorus is applied in spring, and nitrogen fertilization is carried out in two stages, mainly after the third mowing, in equal proportions.

Clover application

The value of clover is due to its unpretentiousness, large volumes of green mass at the exit. The herb is used as a fodder base for rabbits, poultry and livestock (dried). Clover is not only a high-protein plant, but more often it is also an ornamental plant.

Today you can see clover lawns and herb decorations. Therefore, undersized and creeping types of clover are especially important for landscape designers. Clover is used not only as a monoculture in the design of lawns, but also as an addition to the main cover of lawn grass. To get a more "fun" look.

In addition to lawns, white clover can be used to decorate the near-trunk space of low-growing trees, which looks unusual and pleases the eye.

The use of clover for dining purposes is also appropriate. Its dry mass was previously used for baking rye bread. Clover greens are added to the first and second courses.

Asian cuisine uses flowers and young clover shoots for fermentation and adds to salads.

In terms of nutritional characteristics, clover is not inferior to alfalfa and is considered one of the most valuable forage grasses. It is harvested for hay and silage, and is given to livestock dried and fresh. As a green manure, clover enriches the soil with nitrogen and increases the fertility of the areas, when plowing, it saturates the soil with humus.

The fungicidal substance tripolyrizin is isolated from the clover roots.

Esters are used in the manufacture of perfume compositions. Grass is also a valuable honey plant, but only for bees of a certain group with a long proboscis.

Honey obtained from different varieties of clover is considered medicinal, retains its liquid consistency for a long time, has an unsurpassed, rich aroma and excellent sugary taste.

agricultural portal.rf

CLOVER - Trifolium L. Fam. Legumes - Fabaceae. Tables 47, 48, 49, 50.

An extensive genus, including perennial and annual herbaceous high-protein plants. In Russia, perennial types of clover are found in culture: red (meadow) - T. pra-tense L., pink (Swedish) - T. hybridum L., white (creeping) - T. repens L. and annual species: crimson (incarnate ) - T. incarna-tum L., Alexandrian - T. alexandrinum L. and Shabdar (Persian) - T. resupinatum L. northern parts of Europe, as well as in Asia, incarnate - in the western part of the Mediterranean coast). In Russia, clover-sowing began to be practiced in the second half of the 18th century. The famous Yaroslavl, Pechora and Perm clovers (ridges) have not lost their value for breeding purposes until now. Red clover is most widespread in crops. In Russia, it is grown in pure form and in mixtures in 90 regions, territories and autonomous republics on an area of ​​about 12 million hectares. It goes far to the north - the Kola Peninsula, Arkhangelsk, Komi ASSR, Tyumen, Krasnoyarsk. The southern border passes through Uzhgorod, Chernivtsi, north of Kharkov, to Penza, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan. Omsk. Novosibirsk. Barnaul, Kyzyl, Irkutsk.

The green mass of clover can be fed fresh, harvested from it for hay, grass flour, haylage. It contains 2 ... 3% protein, a lot of mineral salts and carotene. The food value of clovers is high. For example, 100 kg of green mass of red clover contains 21 feed. units and 2.7 kg of digestible protein; in 100 kg of hay-52 and 7.9; in 100 kg of silage-16 and 1.9; pink clover 17 and 2.2, respectively; 48 & 6.6; 15 and 1.6. In addition, clovers, especially perennial clovers, due to symbiosis with nodule bacteria, are able to enrich the soil with nitrogen taken from the air. The well-known nitrogen specialist D.N.Pryanishnikov believed that a hectare of clover with a good harvest is capable of accumulating 150 ... 160 kg of nitrogen per year in the aboveground mass and root residues. Therefore, clover is an excellent predecessor for many crops.

Red clover is used for sowing in its pure form or in a mixture with cereal grasses on arable land, as well as a component in the establishment of seeded and improvement of natural hayfields. In grass stands it lasts 2 ... 3 years. This is mainly a hay-type crop. Average yield of hay - 35 ... 40, high - 70 ... 100 kg / ha. Seeds are harvested on average 1.1.5 c / ha, high yield - 3 ... 4 c / ha.

The root system is pivotal, well developed, penetrates into the soil up to 2 ... 2.3 m, nodules are formed on the main and lateral roots. Stems 0.7 ... 1.5 m in height are naked or slightly pubescent, round, hollow, branching, consist of 5 ... 9 internodes, green or with anthocyanin. The leaves are petiolate, trifoliate, with ovoid or oval-oblong leaves, light or dark green, with a triangular whitish spot and with oblong pointed stipules. The inflorescence is a conical or spherical head, with 60 ... 170 flowers from dark red to pale pink color. Flowers are sessile, 11 ... 14 mm long, with sessile ovary and 1-2 ovules. The fruit is a one-to-two-seeded egg-shaped bean that does not crack when ripe. Seeds are heart-shaped, yellow, violet-yellow or violet, weight of 1000 pieces - 1.6 ... 2.1 g.

Pink clover is an excellent legume component for sown meadows of hay and hay-mowing-pasture use in conditions of sufficient and excessive moisture. Good honey plant. The average yield of hay is 30 ... 40. high - 60 ... 90 c / ha; seeds - 1 ... 1.5 and 3 ... 5 c / ha. In crops it lasts up to 3 ... 4 years. but it gives the best yields in the first and second years of use. The hay of this clover is the most tender; the green mass has a bitter taste, it is recommended to feed it together with cereal grasses. The root system is tap root, lateral roots are longer than the main one, more developed than in red clover, but located smaller than in other species; with larger nodules on lateral roots. Stems 0.7 ... 0.9 m high, erect and ascending, hollow, well leafy, glabrous, form a semi-spreading herbaceous bush. The leaves are petiolate, trifoliate, sometimes slightly pubescent on the underside, green or dark green, without spots, with oval or oblong-oval leaves and leathery, ovate-lanceolate stipules. Inflorescence - spherical head on a longer peduncle than red clover, consists of 30 ... 80 pale or bright pink flowers. Flowers with shorter tubules than red clover and abundant nectar production. The fruit is a two to four-seeded, oblong naked pod. Heart-shaped seeds from dark green to black-olive color, 2 ... 2.5 times smaller than that of red clover, weight of 1000 pieces 0.5 ... 0.8 g.

White clover is one of the best grazing legumes. It is also recommended for hay and pasture use. Resistant to trampling, stays in grass stands for up to 10 years, excellent honey plant, grows well. The average yield of hay is 25 ... 30, high - 50 ... 60 c / ha. Seed yield is more stable in comparison with other species: average - 1.5 ... 2.5, high - 5 ... 6 c / ha. The food quality is higher than that of other perennial cultivated species.

The root system is pivotal, multi-headed, highly branched, but less developed than that of red clover; in the nodes of the rooting stems, fibrous adventitious roots are formed. There are many pear-shaped nodules on the roots. The main stem is shortened (1 ... 4 cm), the lateral ones are 0.25 ... 0.3 m high, naked, branching, creeping, and then ascending. The height of the creeping bush with peduncles is up to 0.5 m. Leaves are petiolate, trifoliate; leaflets are ovate, often with a notch at the top, finely toothed, light green, often with a triangular spot. Stipules are large, scarious. Inflorescence is a rounded or oval head of 40 ... 80 white flowers, sometimes with a pink, yellow or green tint. Peduncles are thicker than petioles. The flower tubules are short. After fertilization, the flowers bend down and turn brown. The fruit is an elongated, flattened, three to four-seeded pod. The seeds are yellow or brownish-yellow, round, flattened, similar in size to the seeds of pink clover, the weight of 1000 pieces is about 0.7 g.

Crimson clover is sown in the south of Ukraine, in the Transcaucasus under irrigation, as well as in Western Belarus. It is used as a one-cut plant. Average yield of hay - 25 ... 30, high - 45 ... 50 c / ha; seeds - 2 ... 3 and 4 ... 5 c / ha. The root system is shallow, weak compared to perennial species. Stems up to 0.6 m high, strong, straight, pubescent. The leaves are trifoliate with ovoid, pubescent leaves and ovoid stipules. The inflorescence is an elongated head with bright red flowers. The fruit is a single-seeded ovoid pod. Seeds are oval, yellow, with a smooth shiny surface, larger than those of other species, the weight of 1000 pieces is about 3.5 g.

Shabdar and Alexandrian clover are sown in Transcaucasia and Central Asia. The first gives 3 ... 4 on irrigated lands, the second - 2 ... 3 mows. Shabdar is more productive and can yield up to 70 ... 100 centners / ha of high-quality hay. It can be sown as a crop crop.

Shabdar (Persian clover) is characterized by a medium-sized root system, low-branched ascending stems 0.2 ... 0.3 m high, a spherical inflorescence head with pink flowers. The beans are one-two-seeded, leathery.

Alexandrian clover has a well-developed root system, straight branched stems 0.25 ... 0.6 m in height. The inflorescence is an oval-conical head with yellowish-white flowers. Single-seeded beans. Seeds are large, weight 1000 pieces - 2.5 ... 3 g.

All of the listed types of clover are cross-pollinated plants.

Within the species T. pratense L., two types are distinguished by biological characteristics - early maturing (single-cut or northern) - praecox and late-maturing (two-cut or southern) - se-rotinum. Wild, or meadow, clover (T. pratense var. Spontaneum Will.) Grows in natural meadows. Pink clover has two subspecies - ssp. fistulosum Gilib and ssp. elegans Savi .. In Russia, the most widespread white clover belongs to the Dutch form (f. Hol-landicum). All three perennial species are represented by a sufficient number of breeding varieties. Among the annual species, breeding varieties are represented by shabdar; there are local populations of incarnate and Alexandrian clover

Clover (Trifolium L.) is a genus of plants from the family. legumes, subfamilies

moth (Papilionaceae). Annual and perennial grasses, the rhizome of which becomes woody in some. The leaves are mostly trifoliate, occasionally clawed or have four leaflets; stipules are membranous and more or less fused together. Flowers are small or even small, collected in the majority in the form of heads, often covered, especially at the beginning, by the upper or 2 upper leaves, forming a kind of dragging. The arrangement of flowers by umbrellas, brush or singly is rare. The flower is built like a moth, 9 of 10 stamens grow together with filaments, and 1 remains free. The ovary is short, contains 2 to 6 ovules. After flowering, the corolla dries up, but does not fall off and envelops a small fruit - a bean containing 1 or 2 seeds, rarely more. This bean is opened late, sometimes it remains unopened at all. Small seeds are almost spherical or somewhat elongated. Roots of K. bear on the branches their special kind of swellings or nodules, as is seen in many other legumes (perhaps they will be found in all), inside which a special microbe (Rhizobium leguminosorum or Bacillus radicicola) lives, capable of retaining nitrogen contained in air contained in the soil, and transfer it, in a form convenient for assimilation, to the plant. This circumstance explains the accumulation of nitrogen in the soil where K. or other legumes were sitting, and also explains the plowing of legumes that fertilizes the soil, that is, the so-called green fertilization or green manure. The genus K. contains 250 species, which are located in 2 subgenera and 9 sections or divisions. Subgenus I Trifoliastrum. The vent of the calyx is open, bare; fruit (pod) contain from 2 to 8 seeds, rarely, underdevelopment, one. This includes a trace. species found throughout Europe and serving as particularly good forage grasses. 1. Trifolium hybridum L. - Swedish K. Perennial plant with tubular ascending branched stems from 1 to 2 feet in height; leaflets are obverse-heart-shaped or oval; flower heads are dense, spherical, with long legs, axillary. The corolla turns from white to pink, and when flowering to brown; the fruit is oblong, flat, with a thin pericarp, contains from 1 to 3 seeds; quite ripe dark olive color. Blooms in summer, fruits ripen in late summer and early autumn. The flowers are fragrant. Distributed throughout northern and central Europe, first became bred in Sweden. Highly appreciated. - 2. T. repens L. - white creeping, or Dutch K., also white porridge, etc. Perennial plant; stem is creeping, rooting, branched, glabrous; leaves are long-petiolate, their leaves are broadly ovate, pointed; flower heads are almost spherical; after flowering, their legs are bent down, while young or flowering ones stick up. Corolla white or pinkish; flowers are slightly fragrant; pod oblong, flat, contains 3 to 4 seeds, gray-yellow or orange, kidney-shaped or cordate. Distributed throughout Europe and Siberia to Lake Baikal. This half-genus includes: Tr. montanum L. - K. white mountain or white-headed - perennial, with a standing stem, growing wildly throughout Europe, but rarely sown; Tr. alpinum L. grows in semi-mountainous and upland countries of Europe. mountains, from the Carpathians to the Pyrenees, good food, but not bred; Tr. frugiferum. L., red-headed, throughout Europe, good forage, but rarely sown. Subgenus II. The vent of the calyx is plugged with a roller, sometimes hairy, or just a ring of hairs; the fruit is one-seeded, rarely 2-seed. This includes the most common in culture T. pratense L., red K., growing wildly throughout Europe and Siberia up to Transbaikalia inclusive. It happens biennial, but more often it is perennial. The branchy stems are ascending, the leaves are whole at the edges, with delicate cilia at the edges; spherical flower heads; often sit in pairs and are often covered with two upper leaves. Corolla red, occasionally white, calyx with 10 veins, fruit - one-seeded pod; the seeds are now round, then angular, then yellowish-red, then purple. Blooms from late spring, fruits in early autumn. This K. is divorced most often, he naturalized in America, and in Australia, and in New Zealand, where he was transported by Europeans. It goes very high up the mountains, for example. in the Alps up to 2500 m. Breeding K. began, as far as is known, in Italy, where he was bred already in 1550 (Brescia). The biennial and one-year-old T. incarnatum L., which grows wildly in Italy, but is often bred in southern Europe, up to about 50 ° N, belongs to the same half-genus. NS.; T. subterraneum L., belonging here, differs in that its heads, after flowering, bend down and go deeper into the ground, where its fruits ripen. It grows throughout the Mediterranean region, on the southern coast of the Crimea and in the Caucasus. In addition to these, in European Russia comes across quite a lot of species, only 24. Some of them are very good food, in Zap. Europe even gets divorced sometimes, but we don't. These are T. medium with red heads, very similar to the field, but grows well only in the shade, in sparse groves. T. spodiceum L., with yellow small and oblong heads, soon turn brown and dry, grows in damp places. T. agrarium L. also has yellow, but spherical heads, which become light brown when wilted - grows in sandy and dry places. The worst of our wild Tr. arvense L. - short, branched, with small, very fluffy heads and pale pink flowers. It is even considered a weed, but is not avoided by livestock.

L. Beketov.

The original of this article is taken from the Brockhaus-Efron encyclopedia

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