Physical therapy (FT), also known as physiotherapy, is a physical medicine and rehabilitation specialty that, through mechanical strength and movement, corrects impairments and promotes mobility, function and quality of life through examination, diagnosis, prognosis and physical intervention.
Physiotherapy Is a professional medical specialty performed by physiotherapists.
Physical therapists use their knowledge and skills to improve a range of conditions associated with different body systems, such as:
- neurological(stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease);
- musculoskeletal(back pain associated with whiplash, sports injuries, arthritis);
- cardiovascular(chronic heart disease, rehabilitation after a heart attack);
- respiratory(asthma, chronic pulmonary obstruction, cystic fibrosis).
You can use physical therapy at any time in your life.
Physical therapy helps restore many body functions after injury, illness, or disability. It is also necessary when preparing for childbirth or sports events, to reduce the risk of injury or illness in the future.
Classification of physiotherapy
Modern science explores a large number of types of energy. The main component of many procedures is a natural factor of physical origin.
With its use, the main physiotherapy procedures are distinguished:
- The use of different electrical options:(various drugs with electrophoresis, galvanization procedures, electrosleep, diadynamometry, impulse therapy, electric analgesia, ultratonotherapy).
- The use of heated preparations on the patient's skin: ozokerite, Naftalan, paraffin treatment, therapeutic mud, clay and sand.
- Using various magnetic fields: inductothermy, magnetotherapy.
- Using electromagnetic fields of excessively high frequency: terahertz, decimeter, centimeter and extreme high-frequency therapy.
- Consumption of fresh water, artificial and natural waters: balneotherapy, hydrotherapy.
- Mechanical vibrations: vibrotherapy, ultraphonotherapy.
- Using an electric field: ultra-high-frequency procedure, infitotherapy, franklinization.
- Electromagnetic vibrations in the optical range: visible, infrared, ultraviolet and laser radiation.
- Applied modified or special air environment: aeroionotherapy, inhalation therapy, climatotherapy, barotherapy.
- Combined procedures are based on the use of various therapeutic factors from one or two different groups: magnetic laser therapy, vacuum darsonvalization, inductothermoelectrophoresis, etc.
Types of physiotherapy procedures
The type of procedure is selected by specialists for each treated patient individually. Based on: the general condition of the body, the activity of the immune system, concomitant diseases, allergies, as well as the underlying pathology with which the patient has addressed. There are many physiotherapy treatments available.
Electrotherapy
This procedure - it is a form of medical treatment that uses small electrical impulses to repair tissue, stimulate muscle and tissue.
The advantages of electrotherapy include a more advanced healing process, improved circulatory system and increased muscle tone.
The effectiveness of electrotherapy provides: a decrease in pain, an increase in strength, movement ability, muscle tone and absorption rate.
The reason for using this method is: swelling injuries respond well to electrotherapy. These include sprained ankles and excessive injuries such as tennis or golfer's elbow.
Magnetotherapy
Magnetotherapy- a procedure, a natural phenomenon, and is based on the application of certain magnetic fields on the human body. Magnetic therapy is used to treat pain, reduce inflammation and edema.
Clinical studies have shown that it is necessary to treat osteoporosis with magnetotherapy, and use it for regeneration, superficial tissues, and bone fractures. The procedure is used in orthopedics and sports.
Given its therapeutic effects, it can be used alone or in conjunction with other therapeutic techniques.
The low-intensity and low-frequency magnetic field itself is not used, and a set of several factors that are optimized as a method of application give therapeutic results:
- selection of magnetic field and waveform;
- selection of various methods of transmitting magnetic field in tissue;
- manual or automatic;
- method of application, contact - general or local;
Therapeutic expectations can be summarized as follows: non-abrasive and painless treatment, contraction reduction and muscle relaxation, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and drainage effects, tissue repair, even profound.
Shockwave therapy
Shockwave therapy Is a procedure using a multidisciplinary device, necessary for the treatment of tendons, muscles, joints, in orthopedics, to stimulate bone healing, in physiotherapy, for instant pain relief, in sports medicine, crushing stones, in urology.
Its main assets are lightning pain relief and resumption of mobility. Together with non-surgical therapy without the need for pain relievers, this is an ideal therapy for accelerated recovery, as well as for the treatment of various symptoms that cause different kinds of pain.
High-energy shock waves used in this therapy, when acting on cells and tissues, accelerate the processes of tissue regeneration, through enhanced cell proliferation, pain relief and mobility.
These processes are used simultaneously and are necessary for the treatment of acute and chronic pathologies.
Laser therapy
Laser therapy - it is a therapy that uses the required wavelength of light to interact with cells and accelerates the healing process.
It can be used by patients suffering from various acute, subacute, chronic diseases to help eliminate pain, edema, reduce vasoconstriction and increase functionality.
During this time, non-thermal light photons emitted by the apparatus penetrate the skin, subcutaneous tissue and reach the desired organ. After passing through the skin, at the moment of reaching the desired organ, it penetrates the tissue cells.
When cells absorb these photons of light, in them there is an increase in the metabolic process and the regenerative ability is activated. As a result, edema, signs of inflammation, painful feelings decrease, and enhanced wound healing occurs, due to an increase in intracellular metabolism.
Balneotherapy
Balneotherapy- This is the treatment of diseases by bathing. Balneotherapy can include hot or cold water, moving water massage, relaxation or tension. Most of the mineral waters are rich in essential minerals: silica, sulfur, selenium and radium.
Healing clays are also used in balneotherapy. Balneotherapy is used for patients with a large number of diseases.
The most serious pathologies include: fibromyalgia, depression, anxiety, insomnia, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid, psoriatic arthritis, chronic fatigue syndrome, spasticity, stroke, acne, dermatitis, psoriasis, and cardiovascular disease.
Other benefits of balneotherapy include pain relief, faster collateral circulation, increased cellular fluids, muscle relaxation, and numerous healing benefits from the absorption of minerals and botanicals.
Climatotherapy
Climatotherapy - it is the temporary or permanent relocation of the patient to a region with a climate more conducive to recovery or management of the condition.
For example: the partial pressure of oxygen is lower at high altitude, so a person with sickle cell disease can move to a lower altitude to reduce the number of sickle crises. There are also potential therapeutic benefits for psoriasis patients, especially in the Dead Sea region.
Detensor therapy
The Detensor therapy treatment works by canceling out the force of gravity, and it only relieves pressure from the compressed discs, and in return the body relaxes. The system consists of a traction device, a bed system and a therapy mat for systematic traction treatment.
This treatment is very important because it can be applied to a patient without weights, belts, etc. This method is made primarily for people who experience pain with degenerative disc disease, herniated discs, sciatic nerve, bone spurs, or something like a pinched nerve in neck.
Since proper spinal alignment, decompression joints and pain relief are the result of spinal decompression, the therapy stretches the bones and muscles of the back so that they can withstand the effects of gravity.
This therapy enhances the body's ability to heal itself by providing regular and consistent spinal relief.
Ultraviolet irradiation
Ultraviolet bactericidal irradiation is a disinfection method that uses shortwave ultraviolet (UV-C) light to kill or inactivate microorganisms by destroying nucleic acids and destroying their DNA, rendering them unable to perform vital functions.
UV irradiation is used in a variety of applications, in the treatment of many skin conditions, including psoriasis and vitiligo.
Mechanotherapy
Mechanotherapy Is a treatment with a series of manual and instrumental methods that mainly use pressure, smoothing and stretching to prevent pain, improve blood circulation and cell metabolism.
Mechanotherapy includes all medicinal, underwater and mechanical massages, training. Mechanotherapy uses a variety of other relaxing techniques such as traditional manual massage, manual lymphatic drainage and foot reflexology massage to combat the muscle strain caused by forced posture that is common in most patients.
Peloid therapy
Peloid - it is mud or clay used therapeutically, as part of balneotherapy, or therapeutic bathing.
Peloids are composed of humus and minerals formed over many years as a result of geological and biological, chemical and physical processes.
Numerous peloids are available today, of which the most popular are: peat masses, various medicinal clays, mined in various places around the world, as well as various plant substances.
The most common treatments are peloid wraps, mud baths, and peloid kits applied locally to the part of the body being treated.
Peloids are widely used in cosmetology. They are applied as a face mask. Applying peloid masks once a week helps to revitalize the skin, tighten it and bind the fluids in the layers of the skin. Regular use of peloids leads to the disappearance of wrinkles and the prevention of the appearance of new wrinkles.
Thermotherapy
Thermotherapy Is the use of heat in therapy to relieve pain and severity. It can take the form of hot cloth, hot water bottle, ultrasound, heating pad, hydrocollator bags, whirlpool baths, cordless thermotherapy wrappers.
Therapeutic effects include increasing collagen tissue extensibility, reducing joint stiffness, reducing pain, relieving muscle spasms, reducing inflammation and swelling. The increased blood flow to the affected area provides proteins, nutrients and oxygen for better healing.
It can be beneficial for people with arthritis and stiff muscles, damage to the deep tissues of the skin. Heat can be effective in treating conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Thermotherapy is most often used for rehabilitation purposes.
Phototherapy
Light therapy or phototherapy consists of exposure to daylight or specific wavelengths of light using polychromatic polarized light, lasers, LEDs, fluorescent lamps, or very bright full spectrum lamps.
The light is injected for a set time and, in some cases, at a specific time of the day. Phototherapy treats skin conditions, mainly psoriasis, acne vulgaris, eczema and neonatal jaundice.
Retinal phototherapy is used to treat diabetic retinopathy as well as circadian rhythm disorders such as delayed phase sleep disorder
The effectiveness of physiotherapy
The advantages of physiotherapeutic methods are their natural effect on the human body, and is considered as a substitute for drugs or surgical interventions. Basically, in the treatment of the disease, a combination of drugs and physiotherapy is used.
Together with other types of therapies, physical factors have their advantages:
- increase the range of interventions of different therapeutic techniques, reducing the recovery time;
- do not cause allergies to drugs;
- increase the effect of medicinal drugs;
- there is no addiction and dependence on drugs;
- there is no side effect on other systems and organs;
- provide painless treatment;
- invasive treatments are not used;
- prolong periods of remission.
Contraindications
There are these contraindications to the inability to undergo physiotherapy:
- tumors malignant nature, leukemia, myelogenous leukemia, cachectic conditions;
- Stage III hypertension, atherosclerotic lesions of the arteries of the head, decompensated cardiovascular pathologies, deterioration of blood clotting;
- seriously ill, fever of a hectic nature;
- active tuberculosis, epileptic seizures, convulsions;
-psychosomatic disorders.
Physiotherapy- This is a treatment using natural and physical factors: heat and cold, ultrasound, electric current, magnetic field, laser, ultraviolet, infrared and other types of radiation, therapeutic mud, water, massage, hirudotherapy, etc.
The undoubted advantage of physiotherapy over other methods of treatment is its high efficiency, coupled with safety. It not only does not require the use of drugs, but also, due to its active effect on the body, allows to reduce the intake of drugs at times by increasing the body's sensitivity to the medicinal properties of drugs. Physiotherapy allows you to minimize possible side effects and unpleasant consequences of both the disease itself and its treatment, sometimes negatively affecting the body's defenses. Physiotherapy awakens the body's internal reserves, strengthens the immune system and thereby shortens the treatment time, accelerates the healing of wounds and inflammations, activates the most important biochemical processes in the body, adjusting the body's natural forces for recovery. Physiotherapy is successfully used to treat a wide variety of diseases of organs and systems of the human body. As an independent method of treatment, physiotherapy is effective in the initial stages of the development of the disease. Physiotherapy is an excellent means of preventing many diseases. Most often it is used as an additional method in the general course of treatment.
Cryotherapy is one of the areas of physiotherapy, a unique method of exposing the body to low temperatures using liquid nitrogen. Cryotherapy has a general activating effect on the body: it stimulates the immune and endocrine systems, has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, decongestant and antispasmodic effects, promotes blood saturation with active biological components - endorphins, rejuvenates by increasing surface blood flow. Due to the activation of all regulatory systems, the body restores the ability to independently conduct a "revision" of existing violations and eliminate them. Using cryotherapy in a complex of therapeutic measures, you can achieve excellent results in the treatment of neuroses and depression, arthritis, psoriasis, papillomas, eczema, sexual dysfunctions in men and women. During a short session, metabolic processes of such intensity are activated that the patient loses up to one kilogram of weight, which opens up prospects for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Cosmetological and therapeutic results, even from the first 2-3 procedures, are felt immediately - smoothing of the skin, cessation of pain in the musculoskeletal system, healthy sleep, improved mood, etc.
Laser therapy, or laser therapy. The biostimulating effect of laser therapy on the human body is based on the effect of a directed light flux (laser) on living tissue. By absorbing light, enzymes activate the most important biochemical processes in the body, and cells are renewed, restore their vital activity, self-regulation mechanisms are activated, the body's natural forces are mobilized. Under the influence of laser therapy, capillaries expand, blood microcirculation and tissue nutrition are improved, and all this together leads to accelerated healing processes in the affected areas. Laser therapy has a beneficial effect on immunity, reduces blood viscosity, enhances lymph drainage, lowers cholesterol, relieves pain, has antimicrobial, antiviral and antiallergenic effects. Laser therapy, like other methods of physiotherapy, helps to shorten the treatment time, prevent the transition of an acute process to a chronic one, and most importantly, achieve a positive effect with minimal doses of drugs. Short sessions of laser therapy, which the patient undergoes in the long-term after treatment, strengthens health: they stimulate metabolic processes, nutrition of organs and tissues, reduce the likelihood of early age-related changes, in particular menopause in women, and sexual weakness in men.
Magnetic therapy with the help of a magnetic field has a general systemic healing effect on the body, each cell of which is the final receiver of electromagnetic signals, by activating compensatory-adaptive mechanisms - the internal reserves of the body. Magnetic therapy helps to improve cerebral blood supply and saturation of the myocardium with oxygen, as a result, blood pressure normalizes, blood sugar levels decrease, immunity increases, and the activity of internal organs normalizes. With the help of a vortex magnetic field, the internal biological reserves of the body are stimulated for active protection from the damaging effects of the external environment, an analgesic, anti-inflammatory effect is obtained, which contributes to a real improvement in health: well-being, appetite, sleep improves, and efficiency increases. Physiotherapy using a magnetic field simultaneously on the whole body allows you to immediately influence all systems of the body, including the nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular and lymphatic, as well as metabolism and redox processes, etc. Normalization of the redox balance makes the patient is resistant to stress, helps him to quickly cope with diseases. The therapeutic effect of magnetotherapy is effectively manifested in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system, in chronic inflammatory processes of the digestive system, in calculous forms of gallbladder pathology, in hypertension, etc.
Ultraviolet irradiation of blood (ultraviolet blood irradiation) (or photomodification of blood, photohemotherapy) is physiotherapy by the effect of a light flux on the blood when a disposable sterile light guide catheter is inserted through a needle into a vein. The mechanism of the therapeutic effect of photohemotherapy is based on the activation of the antioxidant system of the blood, an increase in the total amount of hemoglobin and an increase in its affinity for oxygen, bactericidal and antiviral effect. Due to nonspecific stimulation, the state of immunity is significantly improved. UV blood stimulates immunity, improves tissue nutrition in diseases of internal organs. By acting with visible light, one can achieve a significant improvement in the function of hemoglobin, erythrocytes and leukocytes, activate metabolic processes, normalize acid-base balance, reduce blood viscosity, and accelerate the resorption of blood clots. In the treatment of purulent wounds, ultraviolet irradiation of blood reduces tissue edema, stimulates their healing.
Red and infrared radiation perfectly helps in the complex treatment of cardiovascular and broncho-pulmonary diseases by improving the viscosity and fluidity of blood, restoring normal microcirculation, and activating redox processes.
Photomodification of blood has shown its high efficiency in the treatment of diseases such as ischemic heart disease, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, chronic bronchitis, asthma, atherosclerosis, dermatoses, neurodermatitis, psoriasis, trophic ulcers, and burns. It is advisable to carry out photomodification of blood for professional athletes and other people undergoing significant physical activity.
Hirudotherapy is a treatment with leeches. It is referred to as physiotherapy, since it is an absolutely natural, drug-free method of treatment and prevention of various diseases. The powerful therapeutic effect of hirudotherapy is achieved through three effects that medicinal leeches simultaneously exert on the patient. The first is a reflex effect: leeches bite through the skin only at biologically active points (acupuncture points), while awakening additional reserves of your body, the natural ability to resist disease and stress. The second is the biological effect: immediately after the bite of the leech, the wound is anesthetized by injecting into the patient's body the secret of the salivary gland, containing more than 20 biologically active substances that have a beneficial effect on human health. These enzymes prevent the formation of blood clots, lower cholesterol and blood sugar levels, suppress the development of inflammatory processes, strengthen the defenses, restore the body, rejuvenate it, and stimulate the production of endorphins. The acting enzymes gain strength and after two months they begin to act already at the cell level, and for another 8-10 months the patient can benefit from hirudotherapy. The third is a mechanical effect: leeches suck out “unnecessary” blood from the body, stagnant, full of toxins and decay products, and poorly circulating. Mechanical unloading of blood flow has an excellent effect on microcirculation in organs and tissues. The basis of the secret of the salivary gland of medical leeches are anticoagulants - substances that thin the blood, as well as an enzyme that breaks down excess cholesterol, and they additionally enhance the therapeutic effect of hirudotherapy, improving microcirculation, cleansing blood vessels and strengthening the immune system.
Hirudotherapy allows you to act on several problem areas at once and cope not only with the disease that the patient is complaining about, but also with those that he does not even suspect, due to a complex healing effect on all immunocompetent organs (liver, kidneys, pancreas, adrenal glands, intestines).
Massage is the most physiological remedy for the human body, proven by many years of practice in the treatment and prevention of the widest range of diseases. Massage is a mechanical action with hands or special instruments on the surface of the body or an individual organ. Massage is used to prevent many diseases for general strengthening of the body and as an effective remedy in various fields of medicine, such as orthopedics, therapy, neurology, surgery, gynecology, etc. Therapeutic massage can only be used as directed by a doctor. The massage can be combined with the main treatment or used as an independent method of physiotherapy.
General health massage improves microcirculation in organs and tissues and muscle tone, reduces weight, relieves fatigue, and raises vitality. Classic therapeutic massage is indicated for diseases of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, endocrine and metabolic disorders, etc. Anti-cellulite massage improves skin condition, helps to “burn” fats and enhance tissue turgor. Acupressure massage is an active effect directly on the painful point with a finger or elbow - quite painful, but very effective in diseases of the nervous, immune and endocrine systems, headaches. Segmental reflex massage allows you to target the "problem" areas in the body: internal organs and organ systems. Each organ in the human body has a corresponding projection zone, acting on which (and not on the pain point itself), it is possible to treat a specific disease. By massaging the back, you can reduce pain in the hand, elbow, shoulder joints, by acting on the cervical vertebra - to treat the vocal cords, forearms, etc. Periosteum massage is an irreplaceable addition to the treatment of arthritis, arthrosis, diseases of the spine and joints. The most effective for changes in the periosteum, with inflammatory processes. Cosmetic massage improves blood circulation, complexion, blush appears, folds and wrinkles are smoothed. Manual therapy is indicated for certain diseases of the spinal column, osteochondrosis, circulatory disorders in the vessels of the vertebrobasilar system, dorsopathies of various origins, scoliosis, etc. The main task of manual therapy is to relieve pain and restore the mobility of the spine and joints. It can be used in combination with massage or as a separate treatment.
Hardware modeling of the figure using the HUBER figure modeling system (lpg figure correction) is unique in that the system is able to simultaneously affect the entire musculoskeletal system of a person - about 80 muscles are worked out in one workout, including those that remain unused when exercising on classical simulators. Physiotherapy using this technology uses all muscle groups, as well as joints, ligaments, tendons and the spine. Joint pain, improper weight distribution, swelling, reduced metabolism, premature aging of the body due to improper loads, headaches - all this is a consequence of problems with the spine, and the HUBER system today is the only technology that comprehensively corrects both cause and effect by dynamic correction of posture (spine). Its action is aimed at the restoration and development of deep back muscles that support the spinal column with a kind of muscle "corset" and provide a person not only to become a royal, but also to feel great. Such modeling of the figure is as effective as possible.
With the help of testing, the system allows you to draw up an individual training program for each practitioner with a gradual increase in loads from a simple warm-up to intense general or special strength exercises. The methods of working with the body shaping system allow you to combine classes with all fitness technologies and simulators, and even completely replace them in terms of efficiency. With equal success, the unique super simulator can be used by both elderly or people who have suffered a serious illness in need of rehabilitation, as well as professional athletes preparing for important competitions. The system will allow everyone to restore joint mobility, strengthen the muscular system and posture, improve stability and coordination, and model a beautiful figure due to the overall harmonious development of the muscles. After training, the mood improves, a connection is established between the brain and the body, additional resources of the body are turned on, the body is toned and healthy not only on the physical, but also on the psychological level. An additional plus in this case will be cardio training, which is not superfluous at any age and in any state of health.
Physiotherapy techniques effectively complement the medication component of the complex treatment process, allow you to avoid unwanted side effects and achieve stable positive treatment results. But the key to a successful diagnostic and treatment process is the doctor. Therefore, procedures should be carried out only after prior consultation with a specialist - for maximum effectiveness of therapy and patient safety.
Physiotherapy in neurology
1. Diseases of the peripheral nervous system (neuritis, plexitis, neuralgia):
In the acute period:
UHF to the affected area
laser therapy
DDT and CMT therapy
UFO of segmental zones and along the fields of the affected limb
darsonvalization
In the subacute period:
ultrasound with hydrocortisone ointment, gel on segmental zones and along the affected nerve
magnetotherapy
drug electrophoresis
galvanic mud therapy
In remission:
ozokerito - and mud therapy
balneotherapy (iodine-bromine, turpentine baths, baths with laurel,
bischofite)
underwater shower-massage
manual massage
2. Osteochondrosis of the spine with neurological manifestations:
With pain syndrome:
UFO segmental and projection zones
DDT or CMT segmental and projection zones
darsonvalization of segmental and projection zones
laser therapy for painful areas
PMP segmentally and on painful zones
With the weakening of the pain syndrome:
electrophoresis of vasodilating and anti-inflammatory action
ozokerite applications on irradiation zones
massage of segmental zones of the spine and the affected limb
ultrasound paravertebral and along the nerve
In remission:
ozokerito - and mud therapy
underwater shower-massage
balneotherapy (bischofite, turpentine, iodine-bromine baths, baths with
laurel)
manual massage
dry carbon dioxide bath
ILBI.
3. Multiple sclerosis:
With 1-2 degrees of severity of the process:
ultraphonophoresis of hydrocortisone paravertebrally and on the area
spine (D7 – D12)
ozocerite or mud applications on the same area
magnesium electrophoresis on the same area
During the period of remission:
coniferous, oxygen baths
massage of segmental zones of the spine and limbs
4. Disorders of cerebral circulation.
The goal of physiotherapy is to improve cerebral blood flow, reduce
vascular spasm.
a) transient disorders of cerebral circulation of mild degree -
2 weeks after the crisis, cf. and severe - in 3-4 weeks.
alternating magnetic field (Pole-2) on the collar zone, time
exposure 10 minutes
darsonvalization of the collar zone, exposure time 3-5 minutes
electrophoresis of aminophylline, magnesium sulfate, novocaine
oxygen baths
iodine-bromine baths
dry carbon dioxide bath
b) ischemic brain damage - no earlier than 5-6
weeks after the onset of the disease.
electrophoresis of vasodilators (magnesium sulfate,
papaverine, aminophylline) on the collar zone
alternating magnetic field (Pole-2) paravertebral, time
exposure 15-20 minutes
massage of the neck area and affected limbs
laser therapy (externally, ILBI)
a) for hypertensive type:
medicinal electrophoresis with novocaine, magnesium sulfate,
euphyllinum on the collar area
darsonvalization of the head and collar zone
coniferous, coniferous-pearl baths, baths with calendula, iodine-bromine
baths
ILBI
dry carbon dioxide bath
collar massage
b) hypotonic type: in the late recovery period.
hydrotherapy (coniferous, oxygen, iodine-bromine, turpentine baths)
thermotherapy (ozokerite) on paretic limbs
manual massage
ILBI 2 times a year
galvanic mud on the affected limbs
5. Parkinson's disease.
- Paravertebral CMT on the cervicothoracic spine
- darsonvalization of the head and neck area or along the spine
- ozokerite, mud applications on the spine area
- hydrotherapy (coniferous, coniferous-pearl, iodine-bromine, baths with
coriander)
- collar zone massage
- laser therapy externally paravertebral
6. NDC
- electrophoresis with calcium on the collar zone
- underwater shower-massage
- white turpentine baths
7. Neurasthenia.
a) hypersthenic form:
galvanic collar according to Shcherbak
darsonvalization of the head and collar zone
ILBI
head and neck massage
coniferous, coniferous-pearl, iodine-bromine and bischofite baths
b) with hyposthenic syndrome:
underwater shower-massage
dry carbon dioxide bath
electrophoresis with calcium on the collar zone
8. Cerebrosclerosis, atherosclerotic encephalopathy.
- medicinal electrophoresis of vasodilators, sedatives,
local anesthetic drugs
- magnetotherapy (Pole-1) for the collar zone
- darsonvalization of the head and collar zone
- laser therapy (externally and ILBI)
- dry carbon dioxide bath
- hydrotherapy (iodine-bromine, oxygen, turpentine baths)
- manual massage of the head, neck, collar zone
9. Raynaud's disease (I, II stages).
- ultrasound paravertebral in the cervical and lumbar spine
spine
- darsonvalization along the spine
- CMT paravertebrally transversely on the hand or foot
- alternating magnetic field (Pole-2) for segmental zones
- hydrotherapy (turpentine, iodine-bromine, coniferous-oxygen baths)
- underwater shower-massage
- ozokerite and mud therapy on the limbs
Contraindications to physiotherapy
Contraindications to physiotherapy are divided into general and special, associated with the action of a specific physical factor (method). General contraindications include malignant neoplasms, bleeding, general serious condition of the patient, accompanied by decompensation of the main body systems.
The method (methods) of physiotherapy is selected individually, depending on the stage of the disease, the presence and nature of complications, the age of the patient, and concomitant diseases.
General contraindications:
1) Systemic blood diseases
2) Sharp exhaustion of the patient (cachexia)
3) Hypertension stage III
4) Severe atherosclerosis of the vessels of the brain
5) Diseases of the cardiovascular system in the stage of decompensation
6) Abnormal heart rhythm (atrial fibrillation, extrasystole)
7) Bleeding (except juvenile) or tendency to them
8) General serious condition of the patient
9) Feverish condition of the patient (temperature above 37.5)
10) Epilepsy with frequent seizures
11) hysteria psychosis
12) Infectious diseases in the acute stage
13) Neoplasms
14) The presence of a pacemaker
Factorial contraindications:
Direct current (electrophoresis):
1) Factor intolerance
2) Skin defects (abrasions, cracks, rashes)
3) Acute purulent-inflammatory processes of various localization
4) Allergic reactions to the injected drug
5) Sensory disorder
6) Metal objects in the affected area
To ultrasound therapy and phonophoresis:
1) Diseases of the cardiovascular system (coronary artery disease, angina pectoris III FC, hypotension, vascular dysfunction, thrombophlebitis, arrhythmias)
2) Early pregnancy (when exposed to the lower third of the abdomen)
3) Acute purulent processes in the affected area
4) LCB ICD (when exposed to the abdomen or lower back)
5) Moist eczema nevi in the affected area
6) High myopia retinal detachment glaucoma (by eye exposure)
7) Bronchitis and pneumonia in the acute phase with the manifestation of systemic allergosis
8) Complications of peptic ulcer
9) Osteoporosis
To magnetic laser therapy:
1) Severe hypotension, presence of an artificial pacemaker
2) Thrombophlebitis
3) Nodules in the thyroid gland
4) Individual factor intolerance
5) Condition after stroke (AMI) (1-3 months) aortic aneurysm
6) Pregnancy of any period
Distinguished by their versatility, joint diseases have one thing in common: progressing, they inevitably lead to the destruction of the articular cartilage and secondary changes in bone tissue, hinder movement and can lead to disability.
Treatment with medicines alone does not always allow to slow down destructive processes, but it is often complicated by many side effects.
Physiotherapy is an excellent complement to medication treatment
Physiotherapy treatment of joint diseases, due to the "quick" delivery of drugs to the inflamed tissue, allows you to quickly reduce pain, accelerate blood flow and recovery of the joint.
Under the rays of ultraviolet radiation
Direct current for children and adults
Physiotherapy classics are rightfully considered treatment of joints with electrophoresis.
Its essence is the effect of direct current carried out by means of the cathode and anode, superimposed on the joint from both sides.
So, conducting electrophoresis of the knee joint, it is possible to improve the outflow of fluid, while simultaneously relieving pain: in the area under the anode, the smooth muscle fibers of the vascular walls are somewhat spasmodic, - the pain becomes weaker; under the cathode, on the contrary, the muscles relax, which is accompanied by vasodilation and increased local blood flow.
In electrophoresis treatment, the medicine is delivered directly to the joint
Another plus of the method is the ability to "deliver" the drug directly to the joint, bypassing the bloodstream and liver. Often perform bischofite electrophoresis- a source of mineral salts of calcium, magnesium, potassium and sulfur. Helps electrophoresis with bischofite and "dissolve" scars.
In addition to arthrosis, electrophoresis is shown for hip dysplasia in children.
Dysplasia- a complex pathology with concomitant developmental disorders of all articular components. Developing in the prenatal period, uncorrected dysplasia during life can "result" in different leg lengths and gait disturbances. Children diagnosed with dysplasia, among other things, are prescribed electrophoresis with calcium in the hip joints. Concentrating in the joints, the most important mineral lays the "foundation" for their full development.
Read more about joint crunch in children with congenital joint pathologies read
Anti-inflammatory treatments
Laser
The rays of not only the ultraviolet spectrum have a beneficial effect. An enhanced beam of ultraviolet, infrared and red radiation emitted by a laser has a decongestant, anti-inflammatory effect, stimulates metabolic processes and triggers tissue regeneration. The latter is important for stage I-II arthrosis. The laser is effective in treating ankylosing spondylitis, inflammation of the femoral tendons or the presence of heel spurs.
Laser treatment promotes tissue regeneration
There is a positive experience in the use of its powerful radiation flux in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
By acting on various parts of the spine with an infrared laser, it is possible to reduce sensitivity and improve blood supply to the area of the spinal nerve roots and improve the condition of patients with osteochondrosis.
UHF
Low-intensity UHF therapy. Under the influence of ultrahigh pulses of an electric field, heat is "generated" in the tissues, due to which the use of UHF for joints enhances local blood flow and stimulate the formation of new blood vessels. Cellular metabolism is also activated.
In combination with the injection of hydrocortisone, UHF therapy is preferable for stage I-II arthrosis.
How UHF therapy is carried out, see the video.
CMB
Much improves blood supply to cartilage tissue exposure to centimeter waves (CMW therapy). The latter activate the work of capillaries and lymphatic vessels, "dispersing" edema and actively removing accumulated toxins.
The impact of SMV is advisable in the early stages of uncomplicated deforming arthrosis synovitis.
Physiotherapy improving trophism and regeneration of joint tissues
Curative ultrasound
Ultrasound has no less beneficial effect on the treatment of joints. Its essence is mechanical "pulsation" in deeply located tissues, accompanied by local heating. Ultrasound enhances the effect of medication treatment, accelerates the outflow of exudate and relaxes spasmodic muscles. Due to the anti-inflammatory, decongestant and absorbent action of ultrasound, the procedure has a good effect in the treatment of heel spurs, trochanteritis and the initial stages of arthrosis.
Ultrasound delivers the drug deep into the joint
Another positive aspect of the method is that ultrasound "delivers" the drug to the deep (5-6 cm) layers of tissue. For example, hydrocortisone ultrasound for knee diseases can replace traumatic intra-articular injections. Ultrasound is also performed with the use of other analgesics - analgin, aminophylline lidase.
However, treatment of joints with ultrasound with hydrocortisone is most effective, provided that the degenerative process has not “stepped over” beyond stage II.
Able to deliver ultrasound directly to the sore joint and "holding" calcium.
Local darsonvalization
Although there is no consensus on whether darsonval is good for joints yet, this method, the essence of which is the effect of high-frequency currents of low strength, but high voltage, is often preventive. The "point of launch" of arthrosis is considered to be the moment of violation of the articular trophism. By activating the peripheral nerves, skin and muscles in the affected area, darsonval in arthrosis acts as a stimulator of the periarticular muscles, indirectly improving the trophism of the joint.
Darsonval stimulates muscles and relieves pain
Applying darsonval for the spine, while performing massage of the spinal column with the help of a special T-shaped attachment, they achieve pain relief in it with osteochondrosis.
This physiotherapy blocks the receptors of peripheral nerve endings, improving the passage of impulses and restoring the sensitivity of the skin, which allows effectively use darsonval for spinal hernia with its frequent companion - radicular syndrome.
The beneficial effects of magnetotherapy
Relaxing sessions of magnetotherapy have a beneficial effect on all systems, forcing the body to "turn on" compensatory-adaptive mechanisms. Treatment of arthrosis with magnetotherapy occurs due to local thermal effect on all articular "components" with heating of its muscles and ligaments by 2-3 degrees.
This allows you to accelerate the outflow of inflammatory fluid and increase cellular immunity, which is especially valuable for slowly regenerating cells of cartilage tissue.
Magnetic therapy is used for uncomplicated synovitis of stage I-II arthrosis.
Balneotherapy
Perhaps one of the most pleasant methods of treating joints is taking therapeutic baths, or balneotherapy. Despite the visible relaxation, the baths have a tonic effect on the entire body and on the joints in particular.
By activating blood flow in the periarticular tissues, hydrogen sulfide baths for arthrosis contribute to a better blood supply to the joint, and therefore to an accelerated intake of nutrients into it and the active release of a full-fledged articular "moisturizer" - synovial fluid. In addition to the pronounced effect on blood circulation, hydrogen sulfide baths "balance" the ratio of acids and alkalis in the body and accelerate tissue regeneration.
Balneotherapy is one of the most enjoyable joint treatments
Radon baths for joint diseases Is a good alternative to pain relievers.
Balneological sessions with radon reduce the sensitivity of the nerves, reducing the manifestation of pain.
By stimulating the body's ability to "resist" ailments, radon baths have a positive effect on the heart muscle and strengthen bones.
Healing warmth and cold
Paraffin treatment also has beneficial effects on the joints. By increasing the local temperature in the affected area, this molten oil distillation product, acting through the skin, actively saturates the joint with biologically active substances and inorganic salts, accelerating metabolic reactions and stimulating blood circulation. Its use for physiotherapy, due to its ability to retain heat, helps to relax muscles and improve local blood circulation, therefore paraffin applications are often used to relieve pain in arthritis. As a result of the physiotherapy course, it is possible to achieve an increase in the range of motion.
Healing mud contains a lot of substances necessary for joints
In addition to paraffin applications, thermal treatment is also performed using mountain wax (ozokerite) or therapeutic mud.
In recent years, for the treatment of arthrosis, ankylosing spondylitis, polymyalgia rheumatica are actively used cryotherapy. Its essence is the effect on the body of extremely low temperatures, performed in two ways.
Hello, friends! Physiotherapy is one of the methods of treating joints, or rather a part of complex treatment, recovery from injuries, supportive preventive procedures. Consider what physiotherapy or physiotherapy is, what types of physiotherapy exist and their features.
Physiotherapy or physiotherapy procedures Is a field of medicine that studies the effects on the body and uses various artificial and natural factors and methods for treatment.
This is a field of medicine, which is dealt with by special doctors - physiotherapists.
Physiotherapists- professional doctors with higher medical education, whose activities are aimed at restoring or maintaining impaired legal capacity and physical activity of a person through physiotherapy methods.
Physiotherapy is aimed at eliminating various deviations in the activity of the body and are intended to eliminate, as preventive and supportive, beneficial procedures, to accelerate the recovery and regenerative abilities of the body.
Depending on the equipment used and methods of exposure to the body, various types of physiotherapy can be distinguished.
Types of physiological effects of physiotherapy
Electrotherapy (electrotherapy)... Electric currents of various frequencies are used for treatment. Such techniques are based on the properties of electromagnetic pulses and waves, helping to reduce the need for various pharmacological agents. This method of therapy improves / enhances blood supply to tissues, their trophism (metabolism), nutrition of cells, relieves pain syndromes, causes muscle contraction (electrical stimulation). Such treatment is common for diseases of the musculoskeletal system and is prescribed for osteochondrosis, arthritis, arthrosis, bursitis. Electrotherapy is divided into the following types of effects:
- Diadynamic currents- exposure to semi-sinusoidal low-frequency impulse currents that excite muscle fibers and the nervous system. With an increase in current, noticeable muscle contractions occur. The main purpose of this effect is to relieve pain.
- Amplipulse therapy- the impact on the body of sinusoidal modulated rhythmic currents (SMT). Compared to the previous method, there is a similar, but softer, deep effect, which significantly expands the scope of this method of physiotherapy. It is used to improve the metabolism and nutrition of cartilage tissue, relieve pain syndromes.
- Electrophoresis (iontophoresis, ionotherapy)- the impact on the body of constant electrical impulses. Provides a local therapeutic effect. It is also effectively used for the introduction of drugs through the skin and mucous membranes (drug electrophoresis). This method uses various types of currents.
- Short-pulse electroanalgesia (transcutaneous electroneurostimulation - TENS)... Exposure to low-frequency short-pulse currents, which are similar to the impulses transmitted by our nerve tissues. It has an analgesic effect, increases local blood flow, local metabolic processes, eliminates pain. Does not cause muscle contraction. It is used for various pain syndromes, neuralgia, in the treatment of arthrosis and arthritis of the joints.
Ultrasound (ultraphonophoresis, sonophoresis, phonophoresis)- the introduction of a medicinal product through the skin using ultrasound. Under the influence of adjustable strength and depth of ultrasonic waves, the intercellular permeability of medicinal and nutrient substances increases. It has a good anti-inflammatory effect, improves cell metabolism, blood and lymph circulation. It is used for a huge number of diseases of the nervous system, in cosmetology, for pain and pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, and much more.
Magnetotherapy. Physiotherapy effect on the body with a magnetic field. During treatment, magnetic fields have a beneficial effect on metabolic processes, metabolism, blood flow and cell metabolism. The method is used for a huge number of various diseases. The magnetic effect can be local, local in nature, and on the whole organism. Better and more effective is the effect of magnetic fields on the nervous tissue. Even jewelry with a magnet can have a positive effect. To this day, Chinese healers use magnets to heal and normalize the internal Qi energy by applying them to various points.
Infrared radiation. The method of exposure to the body with light and heat. Infrared heat radiation is the same electromagnetic waves. A person perceives them as a thermal effect. This method is also called heating. Infrared rays are completely safe for humans, are absorbed by tissues and have a beneficial therapeutic effect: blood flow, metabolic processes in tissues are activated, stimulate tissues to recover (regenerate) after operations and injuries, and stimulate the immune system to more active action. Under the influence of heat, a better absorption of nutrients and healing substances through the skin occurs.
Laser therapy. The method of physiological effects of optical radiation on the diseased area. This is exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the optical or light range. Depending on the parameters of the wave: length, power, range, exposure time, various goals are achieved when working with a laser. It is used for surgical treatment, treatment of diseases, restoration and regeneration of tissues, for pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, inflammation, autoimmune manifestations, skin diseases, problems and damage to various tissues of the body, for problems with veins and blood vessels, and much more.
Shock wave therapy (SWT)- a method of physiotherapeutic effects on body tissues (bone and connective) using shock impulses of various strengths. The shock wave penetrates deep into the bone or muscle tissue, loosening and destroying salt deposits and other dense formations. This is similar to the work of a massage therapist, but the shock impulses created by the device are capable of deeply and with great speed mechanically acting on the tissues, which has a healing effect. UHT is a young method of treatment, but it is very effective in the treatment of the musculoskeletal system. It is used to treat heel spurs, tendon pain and inflammation, salt deposits and more. As for the joints and their treatment, it is not always possible to use shock wave therapy, there are contraindications. For example, in operations on joints and cartilage, this method cannot be used; it is better to use electrotherapy or magnetotherapy. So, in any case, only a doctor should prescribe and carry out any medical procedures.
Massage. The most famous, effective and ancient method of physiological treatment. By means of mechanical and reflex action on the body, various areas and parts of the body are worked out. The competent influence of the masseur's hands can have a significant healing effect both on the muscles and ligaments, and on the internal organs. By the strength of the effect, the ultimate goals and the result, massage can be light and relaxing, children's, therapeutic, prophylactic, sports. I remember that when the massage therapist worked on my leg muscles, it was very painful. Therapeutic sports massage, especially after operations and for recovery, you must be able to endure. But here, the more painful, the more effective.
Other methods of physiological influence. You cannot describe all the methods of therapeutic influence - there are a lot of them. On the way of his development, man has invented, discovered and applies a lot. These include water and bath procedures: everyone knows their beneficial effects. Various showers and methods of exposure to water are very popular: hydromassages, aqua gymnastics, Charcot douches and much more. Mud therapy, salt baths, acupuncture, aromatherapy, even color therapy, hypnosis, meditation, or just regular walks in the fresh air and much more - all this has been used for a long time and has been successfully used in the complex treatment of many diseases.
The effectiveness of physiotherapy
How effective is physiotherapy? There is no definite answer here. Like any other treatment, physical therapy works for some and not for others. There are many reasons for this. The degree of the disease, the presence of other accompanying negative factors, the person's lifestyle. All these are, by and large, natural factors that a person tries to apply and at the same time spur the body to self-healing. Nothing can cure a disease: not a magnet, not a pill. These are means of helping the body, which itself must cope with the disease.
Physiotherapy and its methods of influence are varied and therefore it is necessary to stumble upon your own, having tried a lot. Probably, there is no way without it. However, practice shows that the main methods of treatment fulfill their main task in most patients and have a beneficial effect in the overall treatment process. This is another component of a comprehensive treatment. I am a supporter of a systematic approach. Despite the development of medicine and knowledge about our body, there is no other way to cure or stop the development of the disease of the same joints.
In some ways, heating and electrotherapy are effective, part of the benefits of supplements and vitamins, part of gymnastics, part of some kind of ointment, part of restricting ourselves in bad habits, and in total we get an effective effect on the problem and we can expect a positive result.
It is difficult to answer how effective and efficient these or those methods of physiotherapy are. However, there are no global studies that this or that method is a 100% guarantee of a cure. However, if it is possible to apply these methods, then it is better to do it than not to do it at all.
Physiotherapy is an area of mainstream medicine and is effective. The beneficial effect of the same electrical impulses or sound waves is not questioned.
And here we come to the question of how to obtain such treatment.
Now there is a huge variety of physiological treatments. Some have been used for a long time, have proven themselves well and are prescribed by doctors. Others are still less common, require the use of expensive equipment and are not available to most. But we can use what we have. Anyway, but we seem to have free medicine and in most medical institutions, in the same polyclinics to which each of us is assigned, there are physiotherapy rooms. So the main methods of treatment (electrotherapy, ultrasound, magnetotherapy, laser) are available to us and it is a sin not to use it, especially if there are indications and problems.
Yes, it will take time. Usually, each type of procedure is carried out about 10 sessions during working hours, but health is more important. Is not it? For example, in my clinic they even prescribed and carried out mud therapy for me. I didn’t feel any effect, but it’s not a fact that it won’t help you either. Each has its own situation.
It is advisable to carry out such complexes of procedures 1-2 times a year. You go to a physiotherapist, he prescribes procedures, go through them and are free.
Contraindications to physiotherapy and physiotherapy
Physiotherapy is a very gentle and natural effect on the body, without violating its integrity and physiology, without poisoning with chemicals. But physiotherapy procedures are different, and only a doctor should prescribe what is suitable in a given situation, taking into account other factors of the patient's health and lifestyle, his illness.
Naturally, even in this case, there are contraindications. This is usually associated with other chronic conditions. For example, in oncology, any method of stimulating the body and cell metabolism should be treated very carefully. It is clear that this is able to stimulate tumor cells to grow and develop rapidly.
In all other cases, physiotherapy is tolerated by patients well and painlessly.
Physiological treatment cost
We have already mentioned the physiotherapy used in public health facilities. It is clear that there, most often, equipment is not quite effective in terms of influence, old methods are used. But it's free. However, it is better to go through them than not take advantage of it at all.
In paid medical institutions everything is paid for, but more advanced equipment and more modern methods of exposure can be used there. And the methods of influence that are already common and simple, but have proven themselves and have proven their effectiveness, are quite available in paid institutions.
Thus, the usual procedures: treatment with currents, electrophoresis, electrical stimulation, magnetotherapy - we can get in our clinic or a paid medical center at a quite tolerable price.
More advanced methods, such as shock wave therapy, are usually only available for a fee and are more expensive. The cost of such devices is very high, and, accordingly, the procedures cost money.
Some procedures require a more informed approach on the part of the patient. For example, you can be prescribed a massage at the local clinic, but free medicine is therefore free. I went to such a massage of my unfortunate leg (well, they appointed it, so why not be like that). It's about nothing. Light strokes by a full-time masseur are often useless. So, I had to go to a practicing private sports massage therapist who knew what and how to do and what muscles to work out. This is a massage. I almost screamed in pain. And this is the only way to work out the deep muscles and ligaments of the legs. This is not at all what is considered to be a relaxing Thai massage. But my goal was not a pleasant pastime, but the restoration of the injured and operated limb. These are two different things.
Home treatment and the use of physiotherapy devices
Surely you all know that a lot of medical devices are offered by manufacturers for home treatment. Most often these are handheld physiotherapy devices. The same simple, well-known methods of treatment are used here: treatment with electric current, infrared lamps, magnetic therapy devices.
You can read my and my experience of using a cheap Chinese appliance - it's interesting.
Can all these toy devices be used and does it make sense to buy them? I will express my opinion and list the cons. The only plus is at least the efficient operation of such a device, which is quite possible.
- Appliances for home use have low power and cannot provide the therapeutic effect that they could. It's clear. A person, because of his inept careless actions, can very easily harm himself. No one needs to sort it out and pay compensation later. In medical institutions, devices are used by specialists and for their intended purpose. In fakes and cheap toys of this kind, no one will use high-quality and effective components that have a powerful impact. This already costs completely different money.
- Advertising of such devices is most often deceptive and promises a cure that does not correspond to reality. The buyer must independently realize that the action of the devices is not only low-powered, but also does not always help. It does not heal the current of the joints and does not restore cartilage, no matter how strong it is. It is necessary to be aware of the state of your health, the degree of your illness and know what you can count on with such treatment. Not everyone is able and willing to understand these issues: it is easier to give money, and then blame yourself and others.
- Most often, such devices are fakes and, in addition to low power, do not correspond to their purpose and declared characteristics. It is impossible for the buyer to check the reliability and effectiveness of such a device.
In addition to the Chinese electrical stimulation device, which was bought for fun, I did not use anything like that at home. I am convinced that no device will do the main job for you. Nutrition and proper exercise are our only path. Everything else is an application.
However, I can say with confidence that you can buy a useful device for home physiotherapy. One of them is the Almag physiotherapy apparatus. The device is designed for inpatient and home treatment of various joint diseases.
I did not buy, but I tried this device on myself. It is used in government agencies to recover patients after surgery. That is, the next day after the operation, the doctor comes into the ward with a trolley, where there are a lot of these devices, and puts each of them on the operated limb. On my knee. I felt a pleasant little warmth. We put the device on for several days.
I think this confirms the recognition of its effectiveness by official medicine. However, I just want to warn you. The purpose of these devices is simple: to increase metabolic processes, increase blood flow and lymph flow, help the body in healing and regeneration of tissues, it is able to relieve swelling and muscle spasms, reduce pain and inflammation. No more and no less. When buying such a device, you need to realize that it will not cure grade III arthrosis, will not restore cartilage and torn ligaments, and will not get rid of osteophytes. Remember? Physiotherapy only helps the body to solve its own problems. But if the problem cannot be solved already, then currents will not help either.
And not all pain can be eliminated with physiotherapy. After all, pain is different. The device will help reduce pain after injury and during healing of ligaments, but it will not relieve pain caused by arthrosis and lack of cartilage.
For example, I can use the device when I feel that the operated knee suddenly aches from the load. Here he will help. So treat such devices easier. But even with them, for a positive effect, it is worth following the recommendations, the regularity of use, and other accompanying factors.
Now you know about the basic physiotherapy procedures, how and in what cases to apply them, and, I hope, they will benefit you. What do you know about this? Have you used physiotherapy in your life and how much did it help you? I would be glad and grateful for your comments and statements on this matter.
And that's all for me. All the best and don't get sick!